{"id":154727,"date":"2025-11-26T13:18:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T18:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=154727"},"modified":"2025-11-26T13:19:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T08:19:54","slug":"2025-volume-69-tome-2","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2025-volume-69-tome-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2025 \u2013 Volume 69 \u2013 Tome 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vol 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nIt<\/p>\n<p>em<br \/>\ns <\/p>\n<p>to<br \/>\n: A<\/p>\n<p>pp<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>is<br \/>\nal<\/p>\n<p> In<br \/>\nst<\/p>\n<p>it<br \/>\nut<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nof<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> 4<br \/>\n03<\/p>\n<p>-2<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nat<\/p>\n<p>he<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>ne<br \/>\n S<\/p>\n<p>t.<br \/>\n, O<\/p>\n<p>tt<br \/>\naw<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n O<\/p>\n<p>N<br \/>\n K<\/p>\n<p>2P<br \/>\n 2<\/p>\n<p>K<br \/>\n9<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>EMERGING TRENDS IN<br \/>\nREAL ESTATE VALUATION<br \/>\nTendances \u00e9mergentes dans<br \/>\nl\u00b4\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p>MASS IMPACT: INFLUENCES,<br \/>\nTRANSITIONS, AND<br \/>\nCANDIDATE OPPORTUNITIES<br \/>\nIN MASS APPRAISAL<br \/>\nImpact de masse : influences,<br \/>\ntransitions et opportunit\u00e9s pour les<br \/>\nstagiaires en \u00e9valuation de masse<\/p>\n<p>VALUE RECONCILIATIONS: THE<br \/>\nBEATING HEART OF APPRAISAL<br \/>\nRapprochements de valeurs :<br \/>\nle c\u0153ur de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>EXTRAORDINARY OR NOT?<br \/>\nUNRAVELLING THE USE<br \/>\nOF SPECIAL EXCLUSIONS<br \/>\nAND LIMITATIONS IN<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL REPORTS<br \/>\nExtraordinaires ou non ?<br \/>\nD\u00e9mystifier l\u2019utilisation des<br \/>\nexclusions et limitations sp\u00e9ciales<br \/>\ndans les rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>NAVIGATING THE AACI<br \/>\nAPPLIED EXPERIENCE EXAM:<br \/>\nA FIELD-TESTED APPROACH<br \/>\nNaviguer \u00e0 travers l\u2019examen<br \/>\nd\u2019exp\u00e9rience pratique pour AACI :<br \/>\nune approche \u00e9prouv\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nle terrain<\/p>\n<p>Quantifier l\u2019impact<br \/>\ndes risques climatiques et<br \/>\ndes facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>Quantifying<br \/>\nthe impact of <\/p>\n<p>climate risks and<br \/>\nsustainability <\/p>\n<p>factors <\/p>\n<p>Recruiting<br \/>\ntop talent<\/p>\n<p>Contact us to learn<br \/>\nmore about<br \/>\njoining the team.<\/p>\n<p>Matthew McWatters P. App., AACI<br \/>\nPrincipal, Managing Director &#038;<br \/>\nCanadian Leader, Valuation,<br \/>\nAdvisory &#038; Property Tax Services<br \/>\nmatthew.mcwatters@avisonyoung.comavisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>The Avison Young Valuation and<br \/>\nAdvisory Services Team is growing<br \/>\nand we are looking for individuals,<br \/>\nteams and companies across Canada<br \/>\nseeking an opportunity to grow with us.<\/p>\n<p>Competitive<br \/>\ncompensation<br \/>\npackage<\/p>\n<p>Leverage<br \/>\ntechnology to<br \/>\nservice clients<\/p>\n<p>High performance,<br \/>\npeople-first<br \/>\nculture<\/p>\n<p>mailto:matthew.mcwatters@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/avisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>Recruiting<br \/>\ntop talent<\/p>\n<p>Contact us to learn<br \/>\nmore about<br \/>\njoining the team.<\/p>\n<p>Matthew McWatters P. App., AACI<br \/>\nPrincipal, Managing Director &#038;<br \/>\nCanadian Leader, Valuation,<br \/>\nAdvisory &#038; Property Tax Services<br \/>\nmatthew.mcwatters@avisonyoung.comavisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>The Avison Young Valuation and<br \/>\nAdvisory Services Team is growing<br \/>\nand we are looking for individuals,<br \/>\nteams and companies across Canada<br \/>\nseeking an opportunity to grow with us.<\/p>\n<p>Competitive<br \/>\ncompensation<br \/>\npackage<\/p>\n<p>Leverage<br \/>\ntechnology to<br \/>\nservice clients<\/p>\n<p>High performance,<br \/>\npeople-first<br \/>\nculture<\/p>\n<p>www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>NATIONAL COVERAGE LOCAL<br \/>\nEXPERTISE EXCELLENT SERVICE<br \/>\n1 (866) 479-7922<\/p>\n<p>WE ARE CURRENTLY HIRING<br \/>\nDESIGNATED<br \/>\nPROFESSIONALS<\/p>\n<p>Technology-Driven Valuations<\/p>\n<p>Diverse Expertise, Nationwide Reach<\/p>\n<p>Accurate, Reliable, Professional<\/p>\n<p>Elevate Your<br \/>\nProperty&rsquo;s Potential<br \/>\nwith CDC Inc. <\/p>\n<p>ORDER AN APPRAISAL AT CDCINC.CA<\/p>\n<p>Growing to Serve You Better<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Experts choose experts<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com <\/p>\n<p>Interested in working in an entrepreneurial environment with the opportunity to grow your appraisal<br \/>\npractice supported by the Colliers brand? Reach out today to take your career to the next level.  <\/p>\n<p>Contact Jenna.Davidson@colliers.com to learn about joining the Colliers Valuation &#038; Advisory Services team.<\/p>\n<p>Colliers is seeking<br \/>\nmotivated appraisers to<br \/>\njoin our Valuation and<br \/>\nAdvisory Services team.<\/p>\n<p>Flexibility in where<br \/>\nand when you work;<br \/>\ntake advantage of our<br \/>\nmonth-abroad option <\/p>\n<p>Enterprising<br \/>\nculture with <\/p>\n<p>growth mindset <\/p>\n<p>Global platform<br \/>\nand leading <\/p>\n<p>expertise <\/p>\n<p>Why Colliers  <\/p>\n<p>mailto:Jenna.Davidson@colliers.com<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>The articles printed in this issue<br \/>\nrepresent authors\u2019 opinions<br \/>\nonly and are not necessarily<br \/>\nendorsed by the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada. Copyright<br \/>\n2025 by the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada. All\u00a0rights<br \/>\nreserved. Reproduction in<br \/>\nwhole or in part without<br \/>\nwritten permission<br \/>\nis strictly prohibited.<br \/>\nSubscription,\u202f$40.00 per year.<br \/>\nPrinted\u00a0in Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les articles imprim\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nce num\u00e9ro ne rep\u00e9sentent<br \/>\nque l\u2019opinion de leur auteur <\/p>\n<p>respectif, mais ne sont pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessairement endoss\u00e9s<br \/>\npar l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs. Tous droits<br \/>\nreserv\u00e9s 2025 par l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs. La<br \/>\nreproduction totale ou partielle<br \/>\nsous quelque forme que se<br \/>\nsoit sans authorisation \u00e9crite<br \/>\nest absolument interdite.<br \/>\nAbonnement\u202f40,00 $ par ann\u00e9e.<br \/>\nImprim\u00e9 au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>* The Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada reserves the right to<br \/>\nreject advertising that it deems<br \/>\nto\u00a0be\u00a0inappropriate.<\/p>\n<p>** The publisher and the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\ncannot be held liable for any<br \/>\nmaterial used or claims made<br \/>\nin advertising included in this<br \/>\npublication.Indexed in the<br \/>\nCanadian Business. Index<br \/>\nand available on-line in the<br \/>\nCanadian Business &#038; Current<br \/>\nAffairs\u00a0database.<br \/>\nISSN 0827-2697<\/p>\n<p>Publication Mails Agreement<br \/>\n#40008249<br \/>\nReturn undeliverable<br \/>\nCanadian items to:<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n403-200 Catherine St.,<br \/>\nOttawa, ON K2P 2K9. <\/p>\n<p>Director, Public Affairs<br \/>\nand Communications:<br \/>\nSophie Lamontagne<\/p>\n<p>Manager, Public Affairs:<br \/>\nBrandyn Hayes<\/p>\n<p>Publication management,<br \/>\ndesign and production by:<br \/>\nDirection, conception et<br \/>\nproduction par\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>3rd Floor \u2013 2020 Portage<br \/>\nAvenue, Winnipeg,<br \/>\nMB\u2002R3J\u00a00K4<br \/>\nPhone: 866-985-9780<br \/>\nFax: 866-985-9799<br \/>\nE-mail: info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nWeb: www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Managing Editor:<br \/>\nCraig Kelman<\/p>\n<p>Design\/Layout:<br \/>\nJackie Magat<\/p>\n<p>Marketing Manager:<br \/>\nKris Fillion<\/p>\n<p>Advertising Co-ordinator:<br \/>\nSabrina Simmonds<\/p>\n<p>COLUMNS CHRONIQUES<\/p>\n<p>ARTICLES<\/p>\n<p>   6\t From the desk of the CEO<br \/>\nEnsuring that Members are recognized and rewarded<\/p>\n<p>10\t Executive Corner<br \/>\nPresident Dowle focuses on helping Members meet today\u2019s<br \/>\nchallenges<\/p>\n<p>68\t Legal Matters<br \/>\nCase Comment: Cowichan Tribes v. Canada (Attorney General)<\/p>\n<p>76\t Education<br \/>\nWhat\u2019s new at UBC? First Principles and First Nations: Reframing<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s Real Estate through an Indigenous Lens<\/p>\n<p>81\t News<br \/>\n\u2022\t2025 AIC National Conference recap<br \/>\n\u2022\tParliament Hill Day 2025: Amplifying the Voices of Appraisers in <\/p>\n<p>Ottawa<br \/>\n\u2022\t2026 calendar features amazing AIC photo contest images<br \/>\n\u2022\t Important Dates<br \/>\n\u2022\t In Memoriam<\/p>\n<p>96\t Designations, Candidates, students<\/p>\n<p>   8\t Du bureau de la pr\u00e9sidente-directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<br \/>\nVeiller \u00e0 ce que les membres soient reconnus et r\u00e9compens\u00e9s <\/p>\n<p>14\t Le coin de l\u2019\u00e9xecutif<br \/>\nLa pr\u00e9sident Dowle axe ses efforts \u00e0 aider les membres \u00e0<br \/>\nrelever les d\u00e9fis actuels<\/p>\n<p>72\t Questions juridiques<br \/>\nCommentaire sur l\u2019affaire Cowichan Tribes c. Canada (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral)<\/p>\n<p>78\t Formation<br \/>\nQuoi de neuf \u00e0 l\u2019UBC ? Les premiers principes et les Premi\u00e8res Nations :<br \/>\nrepenser l\u2019immobilier canadien dans une optique autochtone <\/p>\n<p>81\t Nouvelles<br \/>\n\u2022\tR\u00e9sum\u00e9 du Congr\u00e8s national de l\u2019ICE 2025<br \/>\n\u2022\tJourn\u00e9e sur la Colline du Parlement 2025 :  <\/p>\n<p>amplifier la voix des \u00e9valuateurs \u00e0 Ottawa<br \/>\n\u2022\tLe calendrier 2026 pr\u00e9sente les images splendides du concours  <\/p>\n<p>de photo de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\n\u2022\tDates importantes<br \/>\n\u2022\tEn m\u00e9moire<\/p>\n<p>96\t D\u00e9signations, stagiaires, \u00e9tudiants<\/p>\n<p>\t19\t How to quantify the impact of climate risks<br \/>\nand sustainability factors in commercial<br \/>\nreal estate valuations<\/p>\n<p>\t23\t Comment quantifier l\u2019impact des risques<br \/>\nclimatiques et des facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 dans les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations immobili\u00e8res commerciales<\/p>\n<p>\t28\t Emerging trends in real estate valuation<br \/>\n\t32\t Tendances \u00e9mergentes dans l\u00b4\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p>\t36\t Mass impact: influences, transitions,<br \/>\nand Candidate opportunities in mass appraisal<\/p>\n<p>\t38\t Impact de masse : influences, transitions<br \/>\net opportunit\u00e9s pour les stagiaires en \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde masse<\/p>\n<p>\t40\t Value reconciliations: the beating heart of appraisal<br \/>\n\t45\t Rapprochements de valeurs : le c\u0153ur de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>\t50\t Extraordinary or not? Unravelling the use of special<br \/>\nexclusions and limitations in appraisal reports<\/p>\n<p>\t57\t Extraordinaires ou non ? D\u00e9mystifier l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ndes exclusions et limitations sp\u00e9ciales dans les<br \/>\nrapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>\t64\t Navigating the AACI Applied Experience Exam:<br \/>\na field-tested approach<\/p>\n<p>\t66\t Naviguer \u00e0 travers l\u2019examen d\u2019exp\u00e9rience pratique<br \/>\npour AACI : une approche \u00e9prouv\u00e9e sur le terrain<\/p>\n<p>19<\/p>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<p>64<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>The need for professional,<br \/>\nindependent, and expert appraisers<br \/>\nhas never been greater.<\/p>\n<p>Ensuring that<br \/>\nMembers are<br \/>\nrecognized and<br \/>\nrewarded<br \/>\nDONNA DEWAR, MBA, PMP<br \/>\nAIC CEO<\/p>\n<p>FROM THE DESK OF THE CEO<\/p>\n<p>C anada\u2019s housing system is facing unprecedented<br \/>\npressures. Household debt now exceeds $3 trillion,<br \/>\nwith mortgages accounting for nearly two-thirds.1<br \/>\nAt the same time, housing affordability challenges <\/p>\n<p>and rising economic pressures are straining household budgets,<br \/>\nwith nearly 60% of borrowers set to face higher mortgage<br \/>\npayments by 2026.2<\/p>\n<p>In this environment, the need for professional, independent,<br \/>\nand expert appraisers has never been greater. The Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada (AIC)&rsquo;s advocacy efforts are focused squarely<br \/>\non ensuring that appraisers remain central to Canada\u2019s housing<br \/>\nsystem \u2013 protecting both consumers and the profession. Our task<br \/>\nnow is to ensure governments, regulators, and the public continue<br \/>\nto recognize and rely on the expertise of our Members.<\/p>\n<p>AIC\u2019s annual Parliament Hill Day remains one of the most<br \/>\neffective ways we carry this message directly to decision-makers<br \/>\nand deliver value for Members. Building on last year\u2019s momentum,<br \/>\nAIC delegates advanced two key recommendations this year that<br \/>\nreinforce how Professional Appraisers underpin confidence in<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s real estate market and financial systems.<\/p>\n<p>First, we called for the creation of a permanent Stakeholder<br \/>\nAdvisory Committee within the Office of the Superintendent of<br \/>\nFinancial Institutions (OSFI). While OSFI regulates more than<br \/>\n400 federally regulated institutions and 1,200 pension plans, it<br \/>\ncurrently lacks a structured mechanism for external stakeholder input. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 6 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>By meeting with decision-makers, engaging with stakeholders and<br \/>\nregulatory bodies, and sharing the unique value of independent,<br \/>\nprofessional appraisal, we are ensuring our profession remains visible,<br \/>\nrespected, and indispensable.<\/p>\n<p>The AIC will continue to build on our momentum, protect the public, and<br \/>\nensure that Members are recognized and rewarded for the vital role they<br \/>\nplay in Canada\u2019s housing system.<\/p>\n<p>FROM THE DESK OF THE CEO<\/p>\n<p>Establishing such a committee would align Canada with<br \/>\ninternational best practices, providing a formal venue to address<br \/>\nsystemic risks such as mortgage stress testing, Automated<br \/>\nValuation Model (AVM) oversight, mortgage fraud, and other<br \/>\nemerging financial vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Public opinion strongly supports this recommendation. A recent<br \/>\nAIC-commissioned poll of 2,100 Canadians found that four in five<br \/>\nsupport the establishment of such a committee, and 74% want<br \/>\nregulators to oversee AVMs.<\/p>\n<p>Second, we called for targeted amendments to the Bank Act<br \/>\nas part of its overdue review. These changes would formally<br \/>\nrecognize the role of Professional Appraisers in mortgage lending<br \/>\nand embed oversight of AVMs, ensuring they are independently<br \/>\ntested, benchmarked, and held accountable. Canadians agree:<br \/>\n90% believe appraisers deliver the most reliable valuations, while<br \/>\nonly 14% trust AVMs more than appraisers.<\/p>\n<p>These advocacy priorities are not abstract. They are practical,<br \/>\nevidence-based, and grounded in public support. Every appraisal<br \/>\nconducted by a Professional Appraiser safeguards consumers,<br \/>\nstrengthens lender decision-making, and reinforces stability in<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s housing system. By advocating for these reforms, AIC<br \/>\nis ensuring that professional judgment cannot be replaced by<br \/>\nunchecked automation or sidelined by outdated legislation.<\/p>\n<p>AIC\u2019s advocacy priorities and planning will keep Member voices<br \/>\nfront and centre. This plan will be practical, forward-looking, and<br \/>\nresponsive to what you have told us matters most: strong advocacy<br \/>\nthat keeps Professional Appraisers at the centre of housing policy<br \/>\nand financial regulation, fair compensation for the expertise and<br \/>\nprofessionalism you bring to every assignment, and professional<br \/>\ndevelopment that equips appraisers with the skills and tools<br \/>\nneeded to thrive in a rapidly changing environment.<\/p>\n<p>With housing policy and financial regulation under intense<br \/>\nscrutiny, governments are seeking credible partners who can <\/p>\n<p>provide solutions. Professional Appraisers are exactly that.<br \/>\nBy leaning into this moment, AIC can secure a future where we are<br \/>\nnot just participants, but leaders in shaping Canada\u2019s real estate<br \/>\nand financial ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p>Canadians overwhelmingly trust Professional Appraisers,<br \/>\nand that trust remains one of our greatest strengths. Together,<br \/>\nwe must amplify it. By meeting with decision-makers, engaging<br \/>\nwith stakeholders and regulatory bodies, and sharing the unique<br \/>\nvalue of independent, professional appraisal, we are ensuring our<br \/>\nprofession remains visible, respected, and indispensable.<\/p>\n<p>Your voice matters. By sharing your expertise on professional<br \/>\nplatforms, engaging with local industry groups, educating clients<br \/>\nabout the value of independent appraisals, or simply speaking up<br \/>\nin everyday conversations about housing and financial stability,<br \/>\nyou help raise the profile of Professional Appraisers. Member-<br \/>\nled advocacy \u2013 rooted in credibility, professionalism, and lived<br \/>\nexperience \u2013 multiplies the impact of our collective efforts and<br \/>\nensures that decision-makers hear directly from those at the centre<br \/>\nof Canada\u2019s real estate market. <\/p>\n<p>There are challenges before us \u2013 housing affordability,<br \/>\nregulatory reform, and technological disruption among them.<br \/>\nBut they are also opportunities to demonstrate that professional<br \/>\njudgment, grounded in independence and integrity, is more<br \/>\nessential than ever.<\/p>\n<p>The AIC will continue to build on our momentum, protect the<br \/>\npublic, and ensure that Members are recognized and rewarded for<br \/>\nthe vital role they play in Canada\u2019s housing system. <\/p>\n<p>End Notes<br \/>\n1\t https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250612\/<\/p>\n<p>dq250612a-eng.htm<br \/>\n2\t https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2025\/05\/financial-stability-<\/p>\n<p>report-2025\/  <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 7Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250612\/dq250612a-eng.htm<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/2025\/05\/financial-stability-report-2025\/<\/p>\n<p>Veiller \u00e0 ce que les<br \/>\nmembres soient<br \/>\nreconnus et<br \/>\nr\u00e9compens\u00e9s<br \/>\nDONNA DEWAR, MBA, PMP<br \/>\nLA PR\u00c9SIDENTE-DIRECTRICE G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE<\/p>\n<p>DU BUREAU DE LA PR\u00c9SIDENTE-DIRECTRICE G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE<\/p>\n<p>Le besoin d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs professionnels,<br \/>\nind\u00e9pendants et experts n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\naussi grand.<\/p>\n<p>L e syst\u00e8me immobilier canadien est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des pressions<br \/>\nsans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. La dette des m\u00e9nages d\u00e9passe d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\nles 3 000 milliards de dollars, dont pr\u00e8s des deux tiers sont<br \/>\ndes pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires.1 Du coup, les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la <\/p>\n<p>propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et les pressions \u00e9conomiques croissantes p\u00e8sent sur le budget<br \/>\ndes m\u00e9nages, pr\u00e8s de 60 % des emprunteurs devant faire face \u00e0 une<br \/>\naugmentation de leurs mensualit\u00e9s hypoth\u00e9caires d\u2019ici 2026.2<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce contexte, le besoin d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs professionnels, ind\u00e9pendants<br \/>\net experts n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi grand. Les efforts de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats de<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) visent clairement \u00e0 garantir que les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs restent au c\u0153ur du syst\u00e8me immobilier canadien, prot\u00e9geant \u00e0 la<br \/>\nfois les consommateurs et la profession. Notre t\u00e2che consiste d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 faire<br \/>\nen sorte que les gouvernements, les organismes de r\u00e9glementation et le public<br \/>\ncontinuent de reconna\u00eetre et de s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019expertise de nos membres. <\/p>\n<p>La journ\u00e9e annuelle de l\u2019ICE sur la Colline reste l\u2019un des moyens les plus<br \/>\nefficaces de transmettre ce message directement aux d\u00e9cideurs et d\u2019apporter<br \/>\nde la valeur ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 nos membres. Poursuivant l\u2019\u00e9lan donn\u00e9 l\u2019an dernier, les<br \/>\nd\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de l\u2019ICE ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e deux recommandations cl\u00e9s qui<br \/>\nrenforcent le r\u00f4le des \u00e9valuateurs professionnels dans la confiance accord\u00e9e<br \/>\nau march\u00e9 immobilier et aux syst\u00e8mes financiers canadiens. <\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, nous avons demand\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un comit\u00e9 consultatif<br \/>\npermanent des parties prenantes au sein du Bureau du surintendant des<br \/>\ninstitutions financi\u00e8res (BSIF). Bien que le BSIF r\u00e9glemente plus de<br \/>\n400 institutions sous r\u00e9glementation f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et 1 200 r\u00e9gimes de retraite,<br \/>\nil ne dispose actuellement d\u2019aucun m\u00e9canisme structur\u00e9 pour recueillir<br \/>\nles commentaires des parties prenantes externes. La cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un tel<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9 permettrait au Canada de s\u2019aligner sur les meilleures pratiques<br \/>\ninternationales et offrirait un cadre officiel pour traiter les risques<br \/>\nsyst\u00e9miques tels que les tests de r\u00e9sistance hypoth\u00e9caire, la surveillance <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 8 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DU BUREAU DE LA PR\u00c9SIDENTE-DIRECTRICE G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE<\/p>\n<p>En rencontrant les d\u00e9cideurs, en dialoguant avec les parties prenantes et<br \/>\nles organismes de r\u00e9glementation, et en partageant la valeur unique de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation ind\u00e9pendante et professionnelle, nous veillons \u00e0 ce que notre<br \/>\nprofession demeure visible, respect\u00e9e et indispensable.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE continuera \u00e0 tirer parti de notre \u00e9lan, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le public et \u00e0 veiller \u00e0<br \/>\nce que les membres soient reconnus et r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour le r\u00f4le essentiel<br \/>\nqu\u2019ils jouent dans le syst\u00e8me immobilier canadien.<\/p>\n<p>des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation automatis\u00e9s (MEA), la fraude hypoth\u00e9caire<br \/>\net d\u2019autres vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res \u00e9mergentes. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019opinion publique soutient fortement cette recommandation. Un<br \/>\nr\u00e9cent sondage command\u00e9 par l\u2019ICE aupr\u00e8s de 2 100 Canadiens a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9<br \/>\nque quatre personnes sur cinq sont favorables \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un tel<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9 et que 74 % souhaitent que les r\u00e9gulateurs supervisent les MEA.<\/p>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, nous avons demand\u00e9 des modifications cibl\u00e9es<br \/>\n\u00e0 la Loi sur les banques dans le cadre de sa r\u00e9vision attendue depuis<br \/>\nlongtemps. Ces modifications reconna\u00eetraient officiellement le<br \/>\nr\u00f4le des \u00e9valuateurs professionnels dans le domaine des pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires et int\u00e9greraient la surveillance des MEA, garantissant<br \/>\nainsi qu\u2019ils soient test\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante, compar\u00e9s \u00e0 des<br \/>\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rences et tenus responsables. Les Canadiens sont d\u2019accord :<br \/>\n90 % d\u2019entre eux estiment que les \u00e9valuateurs fournissent les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations les plus fiables, tandis que seulement 14 % font<br \/>\ndavantage confiance aux MEA qu\u2019aux \u00e9valuateurs. <\/p>\n<p>Ces priorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats ne sont pas<br \/>\nabstraites. Elles sont pratiques, fond\u00e9es sur des preuves et soutenues<br \/>\npar l\u2019opinion publique. Chaque \u00e9valuation effectu\u00e9e par un \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nprofessionnel prot\u00e8ge les consommateurs, renforce la prise de<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision des pr\u00eateurs et consolide la stabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me immobilier<br \/>\ncanadien. En plaidant en faveur de ces r\u00e9formes, l\u2019ICE veille \u00e0 ce<br \/>\nque le jugement professionnel ne puisse \u00eatre remplac\u00e9 par une<br \/>\nautomatisation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e ou mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 par une l\u00e9gislation obsol\u00e8te. <\/p>\n<p>Les priorit\u00e9s et la planification de l\u2019ICE en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats permettront de mettre en \u00e9vidence les voix des membres.<br \/>\nCe plan sera pratique, tourn\u00e9 vers l\u2019avenir et r\u00e9pondra \u00e0 ce qui,<br \/>\nselon vous, est le plus important : une d\u00e9fense forte des int\u00e9r\u00eats qui<br \/>\nmaintient les \u00e9valuateurs professionnels au centre de la politique<br \/>\ndu logement et de la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re, une r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration<br \/>\n\u00e9quitable pour l\u2019expertise et le professionnalisme que vous apportez<br \/>\n\u00e0 chaque contrat de service, et un d\u00e9veloppement professionnel qui<br \/>\ndote les \u00e9valuateurs des comp\u00e9tences et des outils n\u00e9cessaires pour<br \/>\nprosp\u00e9rer dans un environnement en rapide \u00e9volution. <\/p>\n<p>La politique du logement et la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re faisant<br \/>\nl\u2019objet d\u2019une surveillance \u00e9troite, les gouvernements recherchent des<br \/>\npartenaires cr\u00e9dibles capables d\u2019apporter des solutions. Les \u00e9valuateurs <\/p>\n<p>professionnels sont exactement cela. En tirant parti de cette situation,<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE peut assurer un avenir o\u00f9 nous ne serons pas seulement des<br \/>\nparticipants, mais des leaders dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<br \/>\nimmobilier et financier du Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les Canadiens font largement confiance aux \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nprofessionnels, et cette confiance reste l\u2019une de nos plus grandes<br \/>\nforces. Ensemble, nous devons la cultiver. En rencontrant les<br \/>\nd\u00e9cideurs, en dialoguant avec les parties prenantes et les organismes<br \/>\nde r\u00e9glementation, et en partageant la valeur unique de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nind\u00e9pendante et professionnelle, nous veillons \u00e0 ce que notre<br \/>\nprofession reste visible, respect\u00e9e et indispensable. <\/p>\n<p>Votre voix compte. En partageant votre expertise sur des<br \/>\nplateformes professionnelles, en dialoguant avec des groupes<br \/>\nindustriels locaux, en sensibilisant vos clients \u00e0 la valeur des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations ind\u00e9pendantes, ou simplement en vous exprimant dans vos<br \/>\nconversations quotidiennes sur le logement et la stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re,<br \/>\nvous contribuez \u00e0 rehausser le profil des \u00e9valuateurs professionnels.<br \/>\nLa d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats men\u00e9e par les membres \u2013 fond\u00e9e sur la<br \/>\ncr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9, le professionnalisme et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue \u2013 multiplie<br \/>\nl\u2019impact de nos efforts collectifs et garantit que les d\u00e9cideurs entendent<br \/>\ndirectement ceux qui sont au c\u0153ur du march\u00e9 immobilier canadien. <\/p>\n<p>Des d\u00e9fis nous attendent, notamment l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 au logement,<br \/>\nla r\u00e9forme r\u00e9glementaire et les bouleversements technologiques.<br \/>\nMais ils constituent \u00e9galement des occasions de d\u00e9montrer que le<br \/>\njugement professionnel, fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9, est<br \/>\nplus essentiel que jamais. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE continuera \u00e0 tirer parti de notre \u00e9lan, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le public et \u00e0<br \/>\nveiller \u00e0 ce que les membres soient reconnus et r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour le<br \/>\nr\u00f4le essentiel qu\u2019ils jouent dans le syst\u00e8me immobilier canadien. <\/p>\n<p>Notes de fin<br \/>\n1\t https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250612\/<\/p>\n<p>dq250612a-fra.htm<br \/>\n2\t https:\/\/www.banqueducanada.ca\/2025\/05\/rapport-sur-la- <\/p>\n<p>stabilite-financiere-2025\/?theme_mode=light&#038;_gl=1*1bswsmg*_<br \/>\nga*MTkzMzkwNTc0MC4xNzYwMDM1NjY0*_ga_D0WRRH3RZH*czE<br \/>\n3NjAwMzU2NjMkbzEkZzEkdDE3NjAwMzU2OTQkajI5JGwwJGgw <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 9Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250612\/dq250612a-fra.htm<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.banqueducanada.ca\/2025\/05\/rapport-sur-la-stabilite-financiere-2025\/?theme_mode=light&#038;_gl=1*1bswsmg*_ga*MTkzMzkwNTc0MC4xNzYwMDM1NjY0*_ga_D0WRRH3RZH*czE3NjAwMzU2NjMkbzEkZzEkdDE3NjAwMzU2OTQkajI5JGwwJGgw<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>The AIC has given me a career,<br \/>\nallowed me to provide for my<br \/>\nfamily, and given me lifelong<br \/>\nfriendships. I believe in giving<br \/>\nback to an organization that<br \/>\nhas been so good to me.<\/p>\n<p>AIC President<br \/>\nTerry Dowle, P. App., AACI<br \/>\nfocuses on helping Members<br \/>\nmeet today\u2019s challenges<\/p>\n<p>Q. You have over 30 years of real estate valuation<br \/>\nexperience. Can you elaborate on the career path<br \/>\nthat led to your current position? <\/p>\n<p>I definitely \u2018fell\u2019 into this profession. In 1985, I graduated<br \/>\nhigh school and a friend was taking the Real Estate<br \/>\nAppraisal Program at Langara College in Vancouver.<br \/>\nI decided to go along. Here we are 37 years later and I am<br \/>\nfortunate enough to be representing the Members of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) as President. <\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS10 Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada <\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>Q. What would you say have been<br \/>\nyour career highlights?<br \/>\nOver the years, I have had many <\/p>\n<p>highlights, from interesting assignments<br \/>\nand travel to engaging with unique and<br \/>\nwonderful people. My personal highlights<br \/>\nmost often relate to some of the more<br \/>\nunique experiences. For example, as<br \/>\nVancouver Chapter Chair, I had the chance<br \/>\nto engage with a lot of very active and<br \/>\nknowledgeable Members. In 2020, as<br \/>\nPresident of the AIC-BC Board, I had to<br \/>\nnavigate the challenges our Members were<br \/>\nfacing related to the global pandemic. Now,<br \/>\nas National President, I am afforded the<br \/>\nopportunity to see the bigger picture and<br \/>\nhow Members from across the country have<br \/>\nsimilar needs and desires, while facing the<br \/>\nsame difficulties as our businesses evolve.<\/p>\n<p>It has been and continues to be a<br \/>\nwonderful journey.<\/p>\n<p>Q. You are currently involved in an<br \/>\ninteresting array of business<br \/>\nventures based out of Burnaby, BC. <\/p>\n<p>You are Vice-President of Niemi LaPorte<br \/>\n&#038; Dowle Appraisals; President of Niemi<br \/>\nLaPorte &#038; Dowle Whistler Appraisal Group;<br \/>\na founding partner in NLD Consulting (a firm<br \/>\ncompleting depreciation reports and reserve<br \/>\nstudies in BC, Saskatchewan and Manitoba);<br \/>\nand you manage the Peace Region<br \/>\nunder Nearhood Commercial Appraisals, <\/p>\n<p>a division of Niemi, LaPorte &#038; Dowle. Can<br \/>\nyou tell us about this network of business<br \/>\ninterests and your specific areas of practice<br \/>\nand responsibilities?<br \/>\nOur business has evolved a great deal over<br \/>\nthe years. Originally, we were a residential<br \/>\nand commercial appraisal company,<br \/>\nfocused on point-in-time appraisals.<br \/>\nOver the years, we have seen the need to<br \/>\nexpand our repertoire into other areas of<br \/>\nconsulting and valuation. We first looked<br \/>\nto expand into geographical areas where<br \/>\nwe had local expertise and where there<br \/>\nwas a lack of representation. While this<br \/>\nwas successful, we recognized that there<br \/>\nare many other areas of consulting and<br \/>\nvaluation that our Members can impact. We<br \/>\nhave become a go-to firm for depreciation<br \/>\nreports and reserve fund studies, and are<br \/>\nextending our expertise through Business<br \/>\nto Business (B2B) opportunities with other<br \/>\nindependent appraisal members across<br \/>\nthe country. We are very excited about the<br \/>\nfuture of these opportunities, both for my<br \/>\npartners and for AIC Members. <\/p>\n<p>Q. After earning your P. App., AACI<br \/>\ndesignation in November 1995,<br \/>\nyou began volunteering with the <\/p>\n<p>AIC in 2001. You have been a Chapter Chair<br \/>\nand a Past President of AIC-BC, and you<br \/>\nhave served on a wide variety of committees<br \/>\nand Board positions with AIC National. You<br \/>\nobviously made a decision at some point in<br \/>\nyour career to become engaged in volunteer<br \/>\nactivities. How would you sum up your<br \/>\nexperiences as a volunteer and what it has<br \/>\nmeant to you personally and professionally?<br \/>\nBeing a volunteer has opened many doors<br \/>\nfor me both personally and professionally.<br \/>\nThe contacts that you make in any volunteer<br \/>\nrole significantly enhance your experience<br \/>\nand knowledge. As a volunteer, you get a<br \/>\nbetter understanding of the community you<br \/>\nserve. You also have the ability to help that<br \/>\ncommunity and to build a stronger future.<br \/>\nI am energized by the interactions with my<br \/>\ncolleagues and allied organizations, as well<br \/>\nas the new opportunities that continually<br \/>\npresent themselves. Although the<br \/>\ncommitment can seem daunting at times, <\/p>\n<p>Our Members are facing a variety of challenges<br \/>\nin a rapidly changing world, and we are working<br \/>\ndiligently to find solutions to those challenges.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 11Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>the reward of working with passionate<br \/>\npeople toward a better future is extremely<br \/>\nfulfilling. The AIC has given me a career,<br \/>\nallowed me to provide for my family, and<br \/>\ngiven me lifelong friendships. I believe in<br \/>\ngiving back to an organization that has been<br \/>\nso good to me.<\/p>\n<p>Q. As AIC\u2019s new President,<br \/>\nwhat do you see as your main<br \/>\nareas of focus? <\/p>\n<p>I believe that our Members are the<br \/>\nkey stakeholders in our organization.<br \/>\nEverything that the AIC, the staff and the<br \/>\nvolunteers do is for the betterment of<br \/>\nthe Members. Our Members are facing a<br \/>\nvariety of challenges in a rapidly changing<br \/>\nworld, and we are working diligently to find<br \/>\nsolutions to those challenges. <\/p>\n<p>AIC Members are extremely well<br \/>\nrecognized in the world of valuation<br \/>\nspaces. Our place in the global valuation<br \/>\ncommunity creates value for our Members<br \/>\nand, in turn, offers us more business<br \/>\nopportunities. We will continue to build<br \/>\nstrong relationships with The European<br \/>\nGroup of Valuers\u2019 Associations (TEGOVA),<br \/>\nthe International Association of Assessing<br \/>\nOfficers (IA AO), the International<br \/>\nValuation Standards Council (IVSC), the<br \/>\nAmerican Society of Appraisers (ASA),<br \/>\nthe Appraisal Institute (AI) and other<br \/>\nlike-minded organizations. <\/p>\n<p>On another front, the AIC is continuing<br \/>\nits outreach to lenders, delving into<br \/>\nArtificial Intelligence and how it impacts our<br \/>\nfee Members, addressing the changes in<br \/>\nour governance and policies, and reaching<br \/>\nout to provincial affiliates to build stronger<br \/>\nrelationships and a greater understanding<br \/>\nof local issues.\u00a0With the increased presence<br \/>\nof LLMs (large language models) and <\/p>\n<p>Artificial Intelligence, we are working to<br \/>\nfind a pathway to enhance our Members\u2019<br \/>\nservices involving these technologies.<br \/>\nThe AIC is moving forward into a new and<br \/>\nexciting era. Our Members are struggling<br \/>\nwith challenges of the changing market,<br \/>\nnew disruptors, and continuing and <\/p>\n<p>With the increased presence of LLMs and<br \/>\nArtificial Intelligence, we are working to find a<br \/>\npathway to enhance our Members\u2019 services<br \/>\ninvolving these technologies.<\/p>\n<p>New Candidates are the lifeblood of the<br \/>\nAIC and we want to ensure their journey is<br \/>\npositive and successful.<\/p>\n<p>advancing education. We want to engage<br \/>\nwith them to gather feedback on their<br \/>\nconcerns and needs. To this end, we are<br \/>\ncounting on our provincial affiliate leaders<br \/>\nto continue engaging with Members and<br \/>\nto provide additional coordinated initiatives<br \/>\nto assist them. <\/p>\n<p>Finally, a number of AIC committees<br \/>\nhave been putting in a great deal of<br \/>\nwork to streamline the education and<br \/>\npathway to designation. We have been<br \/>\nlistening to Member feedback on things<br \/>\nsuch as education, work product review,<br \/>\nApplied Experience Program (AEP)<br \/>\nExams, and international pathways. New<br \/>\nCandidates are the lifeblood of the AIC and <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 12 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>I want to build bridges and create an organization that provides a great<br \/>\nexperience for all Members, regardless of where they practice or in what asset<br \/>\nclass they specialize. Our goal is to have an appraiser be the first person<br \/>\nthought of when someone is involved in a real estate transaction or decision.<\/p>\n<p>we want to ensure their journey is positive<br \/>\nand successful.<\/p>\n<p>Q. What do you see as the biggest<br \/>\nchallenges in the year ahead for<br \/>\nyou as an individual, the AIC and <\/p>\n<p>appraisers in general, and the real property<br \/>\nindustry overall?<br \/>\nFor me personally, it will be balancing the<br \/>\nneeds of the AIC, the Members, the affiliate<br \/>\nassociations and allied organizations.<br \/>\nFor the AIC, it will be continuing to<br \/>\nbuild transparent and meaningful<br \/>\ncommunication between our Members and<br \/>\nour affiliate associations. For appraisers<br \/>\nin general, it will be gaining access to<br \/>\nreliable and affordable data. Appraisers<br \/>\nneed good quality data in order to complete<br \/>\ntheir assignments. Data has become more<br \/>\ndifficult and expensive to obtain. And for the<br \/>\nreal property industry, the challenge will<br \/>\nbe dealing with Artificial Intelligence and<br \/>\nthe impact it has on the traditional methods<br \/>\nof valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Q. A year from now, when you<br \/>\nreflect back on your term as<br \/>\nPresident, what do you hope will <\/p>\n<p>have been the Institute\u2019s most significant<br \/>\naccomplishments in that time period?<br \/>\nThere are so many things to accomplish.<br \/>\nI would hope to have advanced the<br \/>\nprofession for all Members. I want to<br \/>\nbuild bridges and create an organization<br \/>\nthat provides a great experience for<br \/>\nall Members, regardless of where<br \/>\nthey practice or in what asset class<br \/>\nthey specialize. Our goal is to have an<br \/>\nappraiser be the first person thought of<br \/>\nwhen someone is involved in a real estate<br \/>\ntransaction or decision. <\/p>\n<p>Q. What advice would you give to<br \/>\nnew Members entering the<br \/>\nprofession and to existing <\/p>\n<p>Members going forward?<br \/>\nMake it a priority to build relationships<br \/>\nwith people in the industry and to do it<br \/>\nearly in their career. We are all part of the<br \/>\nsame \u2018club.\u2019 Connect with your peers and<br \/>\nget involved with the organization. These<br \/>\nactivities will bring you more satisfaction<br \/>\nand open opportunities for your career. <\/p>\n<p>Q. With the demands on your time<br \/>\nfrom a business and volunteer<br \/>\nperspective, how do you spend your <\/p>\n<p>personal time?<br \/>\nI try to spend quality time with my wife<br \/>\nand daughter. They are both busy, but we<br \/>\nalways find time for a dinner together.<br \/>\nMy wife and I like to go hiking, so we do that<br \/>\nas often as we can. On Sundays, I get to<br \/>\ncoach my daughter\u2019s adult women\u2019s soccer<br \/>\nteam, an activity that I enjoy very much. <\/p>\n<p>Suite 101, 24 Inglewood Drive, St. Albert, AB T8N 6K4<\/p>\n<p>Please send resumes to: info@crvg.com<br \/>\nAACI &#038; Candidates<\/p>\n<p>Tel: (780) 424-8856  \u2022  Fax: (587) 290-2267<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 13Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@crvg.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"pr5DcziArx\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/\">CRVG Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;CRVG Home&#8221; &#8212; CRVG - Canadian Resource Valuation Group\" src=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/embed\/#?secret=EU1LF6jKGg#?secret=pr5DcziArx\" data-secret=\"pr5DcziArx\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>Terry Dowle, \u00c9. Pro., AACI,<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE, axe ses<br \/>\nefforts \u00e0 aider les membres \u00e0<br \/>\nrelever les d\u00e9fis actuels<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE m\u2019a donn\u00e9 une carri\u00e8re,<br \/>\nm\u2019a permis de subvenir aux<br \/>\nbesoins de ma famille et m\u2019a<br \/>\noffert des amiti\u00e9s pour la vie.<br \/>\nJe crois qu\u2019il est important de<br \/>\nredonner \u00e0 une organisation<br \/>\nqui a \u00e9t\u00e9 si bonne envers moi.<\/p>\n<p>Q. Vous avez plus de 30 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re. Pouvez-vous nous<br \/>\nen dire plus sur le parcours professionnel qui <\/p>\n<p>vous a men\u00e9 \u00e0 votre poste actuel ?<br \/>\nJe suis vraiment \u00ab tomb\u00e9 \u00bb dans cette profession. En 1985,<br \/>\nj\u2019ai obtenu mon dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00e9tudes secondaires et un ami<br \/>\nsuivait le programme d\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Langara<br \/>\nCollege de Vancouver. J\u2019ai d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de l\u2019accompagner.<br \/>\nNous voici 37 ans plus tard et j\u2019ai la chance de repr\u00e9senter<br \/>\nles membres de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE)<br \/>\nen tant que pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 14 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>Q.  Quels sont les moments<br \/>\nforts que vous d\u00e9gagez de<br \/>\nvotre carri\u00e8re ?<\/p>\n<p>Au fil des ans, j\u2019ai connu de nombreux<br \/>\nmoments forts, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de mandats<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation int\u00e9ressants, de voyages<br \/>\nou de rencontres avec des personnes<br \/>\nuniques et formidables. Mes moments<br \/>\nforts personnels sont le plus souvent<br \/>\nli\u00e9s \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences plus particuli\u00e8res.<br \/>\nPar exemple, en tant que pr\u00e9sident de la<br \/>\nsection de Vancouver, j\u2019ai eu la chance<br \/>\nde c\u00f4toyer de nombreux membres tr\u00e8s<br \/>\nactifs et comp\u00e9tents. En 2020, en tant que<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident du conseil d\u2019administration de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;ICE-C.-B., j\u2019ai d\u00fb relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels<br \/>\nnos membres \u00e9taient confront\u00e9s en raison<br \/>\nde la pand\u00e9mie mondiale. Aujourd\u2019hui, en<br \/>\ntant que pr\u00e9sident national, j\u2019ai l\u2019occasion<br \/>\nd\u2019avoir une vue d\u2019ensemble et de constater<br \/>\nque les membres de tout le pays ont des<br \/>\nbesoins et des d\u00e9sirs similaires, tout en<br \/>\n\u00e9tant confront\u00e9s aux m\u00eames difficult\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\nmesure que nos entreprises \u00e9voluent.<\/p>\n<p>Ce fut et c\u2019est toujours une aventure<br \/>\nmerveilleuse.<\/p>\n<p>Q. Vous \u00eates actuellement<br \/>\nimpliqu\u00e9 dans toute une s\u00e9rie<br \/>\nde projets commerciaux <\/p>\n<p>int\u00e9ressants bas\u00e9s \u00e0 Burnaby, en<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique. Vous \u00eates<br \/>\nvice-pr\u00e9sident de Niemi LaPorte &#038; Dowle <\/p>\n<p>Appraisals, pr\u00e9sident de Niemi LaPorte<br \/>\n&#038; Dowle Whistler Appraisal Group ;<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9 fondateur de NLD Consulting<br \/>\n(une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui r\u00e9alise des rapports de<br \/>\nd\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation et des \u00e9tudes de r\u00e9serve en<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique, en Saskatchewan<br \/>\net au Manitoba) ; et vous g\u00e9rez la r\u00e9gion<br \/>\nde Peace sous Nearhood Commercial<br \/>\nAppraisals, une division de Niemi,<br \/>\nLaporte &#038; Dowle. Pouvez-vous<br \/>\nnous parler de ce r\u00e9seau d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\ncommerciaux et de vos domaines d\u2019activit\u00e9<br \/>\net responsabilit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques ?<br \/>\nNotre entreprise a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9<br \/>\nau fil des ans. \u00c0 l\u2019origine, nous \u00e9tions<br \/>\nune soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9sidentielle<br \/>\net commerciale, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations ponctuelles. Avec le temps,<br \/>\nnous avons constat\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tendre<br \/>\nnotre r\u00e9pertoire \u00e0 d\u2019autres domaines<br \/>\nde consultation et d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Nous<br \/>\navons d\u2019abord cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 nous d\u00e9velopper<br \/>\ndans des zones g\u00e9ographiques o\u00f9 nous<br \/>\ndisposions d\u2019une expertise locale et o\u00f9  <\/p>\n<p>il y avait un manque de repr\u00e9sentation.<br \/>\nBien que cela ait \u00e9t\u00e9 couronn\u00e9 de succ\u00e8s,<br \/>\nnous avons reconnu qu\u2019il existe de<br \/>\nnombreux autres domaines de consultation<br \/>\net d\u2019\u00e9valuation dans lesquels nos membres<br \/>\npeuvent avoir un impact. Nous sommes<br \/>\ndevenus une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les<br \/>\nrapports d\u2019amortissement et les \u00e9tudes sur<br \/>\nles fonds de pr\u00e9voyance, et nous \u00e9tendons<br \/>\nnotre expertise gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des collaborations<br \/>\ninterentreprises (B2B) avec d\u2019autres<br \/>\nmembres \u00e9valuateurs ind\u00e9pendants<br \/>\n\u00e0 travers le pays. Nous sommes tr\u00e8s<br \/>\nenthousiastes quant \u00e0 l\u2019avenir de ces<br \/>\ncollaborations, tant pour mes partenaires<br \/>\nque pour les membres de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Q. Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu votre titre<br \/>\n\u00c9. Pro., et votre d\u00e9signation A ACI<br \/>\nen novembre 1995, vous avez <\/p>\n<p>commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat aupr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE en 2001. Vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de<br \/>\nsection et ancien pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE-BC, et<br \/>\nvous avez occup\u00e9 divers postes au sein de <\/p>\n<p>Nos membres sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 divers d\u00e9fis<br \/>\ndans un monde en rapide \u00e9volution, et nous<br \/>\ntravaillons avec diligence pour trouver des<br \/>\nsolutions \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 15Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la situation des membres.<br \/>\nNos membres sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 divers d\u00e9fis<br \/>\ndans un monde en rapide \u00e9volution, et nous<br \/>\ntravaillons avec diligence pour trouver des<br \/>\nsolutions \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis. <\/p>\n<p>Avec la pr\u00e9sence croissante des grands mod\u00e8les<br \/>\nde langage (GML) et de l\u2019intelligence artificielle,<br \/>\nnous nous effor\u00e7ons de trouver un moyen<br \/>\nd\u2019am\u00e9liorer les services de nos membres gr\u00e2ce<br \/>\n\u00e0 ces technologies.<\/p>\n<p>Les membres de l\u2019ICE sont<br \/>\nextr\u00eamement reconnus dans le monde<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation. Notre place au sein de la<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9 mondiale de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ncr\u00e9e de la valeur pour nos membres<br \/>\net, en retour, nous offre davantage<br \/>\nd\u2019opportunit\u00e9s commerciales. Nous<br \/>\ncontinuerons \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des relations<br \/>\nsolides avec le Groupe europ\u00e9en des<br \/>\nassociations d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs (TEGOVA),<br \/>\nl\u2019Association internationale des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs fonciers (IA AO), le Conseil<br \/>\ninternational des normes d\u2019\u00e9valuation <\/p>\n<p>comit\u00e9s et du conseil d\u2019administration de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE national. Vous avez manifestement<br \/>\npris la d\u00e9cision, \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9 de<br \/>\nvotre carri\u00e8re, de vous engager dans des<br \/>\nactivit\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9voles. Comment r\u00e9sumeriez-<br \/>\nvous votre exp\u00e9rience en tant que b\u00e9n\u00e9vole<br \/>\net ce qu\u2019elle a signifi\u00e9 pour vous sur le plan<br \/>\npersonnel et professionnel ?<br \/>\nLe b\u00e9n\u00e9volat m\u2019a ouvert de nombreuses<br \/>\nportes, tant sur le plan personnel que<br \/>\nprofessionnel. Les contacts que l\u2019on noue<br \/>\ndans le cadre d\u2019une engagement b\u00e9n\u00e9vole<br \/>\nenrichissent consid\u00e9rablement notre<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience et nos connaissances. En tant<br \/>\nque b\u00e9n\u00e9vole, on acquiert une meilleure<br \/>\ncompr\u00e9hension de la communaut\u00e9 que l\u2019on<br \/>\nsert. On a \u00e9galement la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019aider<br \/>\ncette communaut\u00e9 et de b\u00e2tir un avenir<br \/>\nplus solide. Les interactions avec mes<br \/>\ncoll\u00e8gues et les organisations partenaires,<br \/>\nainsi que les nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s qui se<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentent continuellement, me donnent<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9nergie. M\u00eame si l\u2019engagement peut<br \/>\nparfois sembler intimidant, la r\u00e9compense<br \/>\nde travailler avec des personnes<br \/>\npassionn\u00e9es pour un avenir meilleur est<br \/>\nextr\u00eamement enrichissante. L\u2019ICE m\u2019a<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 une carri\u00e8re, m\u2019a permis de subvenir<br \/>\naux besoins de ma famille et m\u2019a offert<br \/>\ndes amiti\u00e9s pour la vie. Je crois qu\u2019il est<br \/>\nimportant de redonner \u00e0 une organisation<br \/>\nqui a \u00e9t\u00e9 si bonne envers moi.<\/p>\n<p>Q. En tant que nouveau<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE, quels sont<br \/>\nselon vous vos principaux <\/p>\n<p>domaines d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat ?<br \/>\nJe crois que nos membres sont les principales<br \/>\nparties prenantes de notre organisation. Tout<br \/>\nce que font l\u2019ICE, le personnel et les b\u00e9n\u00e9voles <\/p>\n<p>Les nouveaux stagiaires sont la force vive de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\net nous voulons nous assurer que leur parcours<br \/>\nsoit positif et couronn\u00e9 de succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 16 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>Je souhaite \u00e9tablir des ponts et cr\u00e9er une organisation qui offre une exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\nenrichissante \u00e0 tous les membres, quel que soit leur champ de pratique ou leur<br \/>\ndomaine de sp\u00e9cialisation. Notre objectif est que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur soit la premi\u00e8re<br \/>\npersonne \u00e0 laquelle on pense lorsqu\u2019on est impliqu\u00e9 dans une transaction ou<br \/>\nune d\u00e9cision immobili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>(IVSC), l\u2019American Society of Appraisers<br \/>\n(ASA), l\u2019Appraisal Institute (AI) et<br \/>\nd\u2019autres organisations partageant les<br \/>\nm\u00eames id\u00e9es.  <\/p>\n<p>Sur un autre front, l\u2019ICE poursuit ses<br \/>\nefforts de sensibilisation aupr\u00e8s des<br \/>\npr\u00eateurs, se penche sur l\u2019intelligence<br \/>\nartificielle et son impact sur nos membres<br \/>\n\u00e0 honoraires, aborde les changements<br \/>\ndans notre gouvernance et nos politiques,<br \/>\net tend la main aux affili\u00e9s provinciaux<br \/>\nafin de renforcer nos relations et de mieux<br \/>\ncomprendre les enjeux locaux. Avec la<br \/>\npr\u00e9sence croissante des grands mod\u00e8les<br \/>\nde langage (GML) et de l\u2019intelligence<br \/>\nartificielle, nous nous effor\u00e7ons de trouver<br \/>\nun moyen d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les services de nos<br \/>\nmembres gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces technologies. L\u2019ICE<br \/>\nentre dans une nouvelle \u00e8re passionnante.<br \/>\nNos membres sont confront\u00e9s aux d\u00e9fis<br \/>\nd\u2019un march\u00e9 en mutation, \u00e0 de nouveaux<br \/>\nperturbateurs et \u00e0 la formation continue et<br \/>\navanc\u00e9e. Nous voulons dialoguer avec eux<br \/>\nafin de recueillir leurs commentaires sur<br \/>\nleurs pr\u00e9occupations et leurs besoins.<br \/>\n\u00c0 cette fin, nous comptons sur les<br \/>\ndirigeants de nos affili\u00e9s provinciaux<br \/>\npour continuer \u00e0 dialoguer avec leurs<br \/>\nmembres et leur proposer des initiatives<br \/>\ncoordonn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires afin de<br \/>\nles aider. <\/p>\n<p>Enfin, plusieurs comit\u00e9s de l\u2019ICE ont<br \/>\ntravaill\u00e9 d\u2019arrache-pied pour simplifier<br \/>\net am\u00e9liorer la formation et le parcours<br \/>\nmenant \u00e0 l\u2019obtention d\u2019une d\u00e9signation.<br \/>\nNous avons \u00e9cout\u00e9 les commentaires<br \/>\ndes membres sur des sujets tels que la<br \/>\nformation, l\u2019examen des travaux, les <\/p>\n<p>examens du programme d\u2019exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\npratique (PEP) et les parcours<br \/>\ninternationaux. Les nouveaux stagiaires<br \/>\nsont la force vive de l\u2019ICE et nous voulons<br \/>\nnous assurer que leur parcours soit positif<br \/>\net couronn\u00e9 de succ\u00e8s. <\/p>\n<p>Q. Selon vous, quels seront les<br \/>\nprincipaux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever au<br \/>\ncours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir pour <\/p>\n<p>vous personnellement, pour l\u2019ICE et les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, ainsi que pour le<br \/>\nsecteur immobilier dans son ensemble ?<\/p>\n<p>Pour moi personnellement, il s\u2019agira<br \/>\nde trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre les besoins<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE, des membres, des associations<br \/>\naffili\u00e9es et des organisations partenaires.<br \/>\nPour l\u2019ICE, il s\u2019agira de continuer \u00e0 \u00e9tablir<br \/>\nune communication transparente et<br \/>\nconstructive entre nos membres et nos<br \/>\nassociations affili\u00e9es. Pour les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nen g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, il s\u2019agira d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0<br \/>\ndes donn\u00e9es fiables et abordables. Les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs ont besoin de donn\u00e9es de<br \/>\nbonne qualit\u00e9 pour mener \u00e0 bien leurs<br \/>\nmandats d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Or, il est devenu<br \/>\nplus difficile et plus co\u00fbteux d\u2019obtenir ces<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es. Quant au secteur immobilier,<br \/>\nil devra relever le d\u00e9fi de l\u2019intelligence<br \/>\nartificielle et de son impact sur les<br \/>\nm\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9valuation traditionnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Q. Dans un an, lorsque vous<br \/>\nrepenserez \u00e0 votre mandat de<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident, quelles seront, selon <\/p>\n<p>vous, les r\u00e9alisations les plus importantes<br \/>\nde l\u2019Institut pendant cette p\u00e9riode ?<br \/>\nIl y a tant de choses \u00e0 accomplir. J\u2019esp\u00e8re avoir <\/p>\n<p>fait progresser la profession pour tous<br \/>\nles membres. Je souhaite \u00e9tablir des<br \/>\nponts et cr\u00e9er une organisation qui offre<br \/>\nune exp\u00e9rience enrichissante \u00e0 tous les<br \/>\nmembres, quel que soit leur champ de<br \/>\npratique ou leur domaine de sp\u00e9cialisation.<br \/>\nNotre objectif est que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur soit la<br \/>\npremi\u00e8re personne \u00e0 laquelle on pense<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019on est impliqu\u00e9 dans une transaction<br \/>\nou une d\u00e9cision immobili\u00e8re. <\/p>\n<p>Q. Quels conseils pour l\u2019avenir<br \/>\ndonneriez-vous aux nouveaux<br \/>\nmembres qui entrent dans la <\/p>\n<p>profession et aux membres actuels ?<br \/>\nDonnez la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de<br \/>\nrelations avec les acteurs du secteur et<br \/>\nfaites-le d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de votre carri\u00e8re.<br \/>\nNous faisons tous partie du m\u00eame<br \/>\n\u00ab club \u00bb. Entrez en contact avec vos pairs<br \/>\net impliquez-vous dans l\u2019organisation.<br \/>\nCes activit\u00e9s vous apporteront davantage<br \/>\nde satisfaction et vous ouvriront de<br \/>\nnouvelles perspectives pour votre carri\u00e8re. <\/p>\n<p>Q. Compte tenu de vos obligations<br \/>\nprofessionnelles et b\u00e9n\u00e9voles,<br \/>\ncomment occupez-vous vos <\/p>\n<p>temps libres ?<br \/>\nJ\u2019essaie de passer du temps de qualit\u00e9 avec<br \/>\nma femme et ma fille. Elles sont toutes les<br \/>\ndeux tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9es, mais nous trouvons<br \/>\ntoujours le temps de d\u00eener ensemble. Ma<br \/>\nfemme et moi aimons faire de la randonn\u00e9e,<br \/>\nnous en profitons le plus souvent possible.<br \/>\nLe dimanche, j\u2019entra\u00eene l\u2019\u00e9quipe f\u00e9minine<br \/>\nadulte de football de ma fille, une activit\u00e9<br \/>\nque j\u2019appr\u00e9cie beaucoup.  <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 17Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS18 Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada <\/p>\n<p>BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT<br \/>\nAt the recent Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) National Conference in Montreal, there was significant<br \/>\ndiscussion around the topic of the impacts of climate change, net zero carbon targets for commercial<br \/>\nbuildings, and how to quantify the impact of sustainable features in valuations. While these issues are<br \/>\nnot new to the appraisal community, there is now a significant impetus to understand and address them<br \/>\nin our appraisals.<\/p>\n<p>I recently co-authored a study entitled Impact of Climate Risks and Sustainability Factors on<br \/>\nCommercial Real Estate Values with my colleague Rob Purdy, P. App., A ACI, MRICS, Senior Vice<br \/>\nPresident, Valuation and Advisory Services, Colliers, who had recently addressed this issue in<br \/>\nvaluations performed for institutional clients, and Alexandra Faciu, MRICS, President, Alexandra<br \/>\nCapital, who champions identifying and managing climate, sustainability and green risks and <\/p>\n<p>opportunities in asset management and portfolio strategies. Together, we aimed to provide asset<br \/>\nowners and professionals involved in sustainable investment, asset management and financing <\/p>\n<p>with additional information to support their portfolio and asset strategies.<br \/>\nIn 2004, I conducted another research study on valuation of sustainable features titled <\/p>\n<p>Green Value: Green Buildings, Growing Assets. This study was the building block for<br \/>\nthe subsequent research on this topic and had included both a literature review and <\/p>\n<p>extensive analysis of case studies from around the world.<br \/>\nThe study is available to download here: www.collierscanada.com\/en-ca\/news\/<\/p>\n<p>green-premium-or-brown-discount-tl. This article highlights some of the key<br \/>\nfindings of that study and their relevance for AIC Members. <\/p>\n<p>While the study focused primarily on Canada and the US, it also drew on<br \/>\ninformation, research papers and publications from Europe. <\/p>\n<p>The investigations covered climate- and sustainability-related elements that<br \/>\naffect value. A simple example is the impact on net operating income, increase<br \/>\nin insurance premiums and lack of insurance options brought about by acute and<br \/>\nchronic physical climate risks. The central thesis of the research was to derive<br \/>\nspecific valuation parameters for buildings before and after \u2018greening.\u2019 Can the<br \/>\n\u2018green premium\u2019 or \u2018brown discount\u2019 be quantified, and if so, which elements<br \/>\nexactly, and how?<\/p>\n<p>How to quantify the impact of<br \/>\nclimate risks and sustainability factors<br \/>\nin commercial real estate valuations<\/p>\n<p>BY PHILIP SMITH, FRICS, P. APP., AACI, PLE,<br \/>\nMANAGING DIRECTOR, VALUATION AND ADVISORY SERVICES, ONTARIO, COLLIERS<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS 19Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.collierscanada.com\/en-ca\/news\/green-premium-or-brown-discount-tl<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.collierscanada.com\/en-ca\/news\/green-premium-or-brown-discount-tl<\/p>\n<p>The key aspects of the work plan were:<br \/>\n1.\t Review existing research and literature <\/p>\n<p>on the subject.<br \/>\n2.\t Identify key sustainability drivers of <\/p>\n<p>value and risks that impact it.<br \/>\n3.\t Identify assets that have been <\/p>\n<p>developed, retrofitted or transacted in<br \/>\nthe past three to five years to correlate<br \/>\nthe key sustainability drivers and risks to<br \/>\nthe pricing achieved.<\/p>\n<p>While the first two objectives were relatively<br \/>\nstraightforward to achieve, despite requiring<br \/>\ntime to gather and process the information<br \/>\nat hand, the research revealed that the<br \/>\nfinancial information needed for comparable<br \/>\ntransaction evidence essential to establishing<br \/>\nopen market values is still generally not<br \/>\navailable to the market as a whole. This<br \/>\nissue can be attributed to two main factors:<br \/>\nfirst, high interest rates have significantly<br \/>\nreduced the volume of transactions in the<br \/>\nNorth American markets over the past few<br \/>\nyears, and second, it is difficult to isolate these<br \/>\nspecific elements from the traditional risks<br \/>\nand drivers of value.<\/p>\n<p>SUMMARY OF RESEARCH<br \/>\nAs sustainability-related risks and<br \/>\ndisclosures become embedded in<br \/>\ninvestment decisions and regulatory<br \/>\nframeworks, our research suggests that<br \/>\nNorth American professionals will need<br \/>\nto stay in step with, if not ahead of, global<br \/>\ntrends. Tools like the book written by Tim<br \/>\nRundle and Stacey Thoyre, The Valuation<br \/>\nof Green Commercial Real Estate, or<br \/>\nstandards and guidance notes issued by<br \/>\norganizations like ISSB, IVS and RICS,<br \/>\nremain invaluable, helping appraisers<br \/>\nmake sense of complex sustainability<br \/>\nfeatures in a market that increasingly<br \/>\ndemands accountability, transparency and<br \/>\nenvironmental responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>Sustainability-focused real estate<br \/>\ncertifications and rating systems have<br \/>\nbecome essential in qualifying an asset as<br \/>\n\u2018sustainable\u2019 and the degree of sustainability.<br \/>\nThey evaluate the environmental, social and<br \/>\ngovernance matters of assets, offering a<br \/>\nstandardized way to measure and promote<br \/>\nsustainability practices. The most relevant <\/p>\n<p>for the North American markets are LEED,<br \/>\nBREEAM, GRESB and Energy Star, which are<br \/>\ndetailed in our full report.<\/p>\n<p>To guide appraisers, it is important to<br \/>\ndive into some technical aspects of valuing<br \/>\ngreen assets, especially in a context where<br \/>\ncomparable evidence is scarce. The most<br \/>\neffective method for assessing the impact<br \/>\nof climate risks and sustainability factors on<br \/>\nreal estate values is the income approach,<br \/>\nprimarily using direct capitalization and<br \/>\ndiscounted cash flow (DCF) methods.<br \/>\nThe main distinction between these two<br \/>\napproaches is that the DCF method is<br \/>\ndynamic, enabling the appraiser to consider<br \/>\nthe treatment of each individual tenant in a<br \/>\nmulti-tenant property. This includes projected<br \/>\nrenewal probability, projected market rent,<br \/>\ntreatment of percentage rent (in a retail<br \/>\nproperty) and renewal costs (i.e., leasing<br \/>\ncommissions and leasehold improvement<br \/>\nallowances, etc.), as well as treatment of<br \/>\nvacant space in terms of how long individual<br \/>\nunits will take to lease, and costs of lease-<br \/>\nup (i.e., free rent, leasehold improvement<br \/>\nallowances, leasing commissions, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>This is particularly relevant for buildings<br \/>\nwith sustainable attributes when assessing<br \/>\nrent premiums, operating cost reductions,<br \/>\nreduced lease-up costs and potentially<br \/>\nreduced marketing periods for new tenants.<br \/>\nThe analysis of the market will determine<br \/>\nif there is any evidence to support a rent<br \/>\npremium, reduction in operating costs<br \/>\nor reduction in lease-up time periods for<br \/>\na green building versus a conventional<br \/>\nbuilding. This would typically be<br \/>\naccomplished through the implementation of<br \/>\na conventional paired comparable analysis.<br \/>\nWhile this theoretical model appears sound,<br \/>\nin practice, it is not easy to isolate the<br \/>\nvariables due to the scarcity of real-world<br \/>\ndata. Asset owners with larger portfolios<br \/>\nor with more tenants have an advantage,<br \/>\nas most of the comparable data can be<br \/>\nextracted from their own assets.<\/p>\n<p>With regards to cap rates, deriving market<br \/>\nevidence from transactions to demonstrate<br \/>\nany clear advantage for green buildings is<br \/>\neven more difficult. For these buildings,<br \/>\nvaluation considers rent premiums, operating<br \/>\ncost reductions and lower lease-up costs.<br \/>\nHowever, in many situations, the study <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 20 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>observed that sustainability factors get<br \/>\ndiluted, even overlooked, by purchasers<br \/>\nand tenants when traditional property<br \/>\nfundamentals are weak (i.e., a sustainable<br \/>\nbuilding in a poor location would perform<br \/>\ngenerally worse than a well-located building<br \/>\nwithout green features).<\/p>\n<p>Legislation pertaining to decarbonization<br \/>\nis increasing, and buildings with robust<br \/>\nsustainability programs may be viewed<br \/>\nas lower risk due to reduced near-term<br \/>\ncapital requirements. This can be reflected<br \/>\nin adjustments to terminal cap rates.<br \/>\nFor instance, a property implementing a<br \/>\ndecarbonization strategy over a 10-year<br \/>\nholding period may face lower leasing and<br \/>\nexpenditure risks compared to one that is not,<br \/>\nwhich could justify valuation adjustments.<br \/>\nHowever, data supporting this remains limited<br \/>\nin North America \u2013 as well as in Europe, as a<br \/>\nmatter of fact.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, \u2018brown\u2019 properties \u2013 those<br \/>\nlacking sustainability features \u2013 may face<br \/>\nhigher cap rates due to reduced tenant<br \/>\ndemand and investor interest. Some tenants<br \/>\nand institutional investors prioritize green<br \/>\nbuildings, leading to lower liquidity and<br \/>\nincreased risk for properties that do not meet<br \/>\nevolving sustainability standards.<\/p>\n<p>The overall conclusion acknowledged that<br \/>\n\u2018brown discounts\u2019 are more easily identifiable<br \/>\nthan \u2018green premiums\u2019 in several metrics, but<br \/>\nmore pronounced in rental growth, renewal<br \/>\nprobabilities and stabilization rates.<\/p>\n<p>SPECIFIC GUIDANCE<br \/>\nFROM STANDARD SETTERS<br \/>\nThere is specific guidance available to<br \/>\nappraisers to assist them in identifying and<br \/>\nvaluing sustainable elements of a property.<br \/>\nThis is provided in the form of a checklist<br \/>\nfrom the Appraisal Institute in the US and<br \/>\nmore general guidance from the RICS in their<br \/>\nglobal valuation standards or Red Book.<br \/>\nThese are summarized as follows:<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute (US) now provides<br \/>\ntheir appraisers with a checklist to assist<br \/>\nthem in addressing the impact of sustainable<br \/>\nfeatures when completing appraisals. There<br \/>\nare separate checklists for both residential and<br \/>\ncommercial buildings. The following are the<br \/>\n10 items the client is recommended to provide<br \/>\nto the real estate appraiser for analysis:<\/p>\n<p>\t 1.\tLEED checklist (if appropriate)<br \/>\nor other checklist if certified by<br \/>\nanother organization<\/p>\n<p>\t 2.\tContact information or details of<br \/>\ngreen experts (i.e., LEED consultant,<br \/>\narchitect(s), builder, and engineer)<\/p>\n<p>\t 3.\tEnergy modeling results (or third-party<br \/>\nenergy ratings for residential)<\/p>\n<p>\t 4.\tPlans and specifications<br \/>\n\t 5.\tIntended goals of construction or retrofit<br \/>\n\t 6.\tCommissioning report (for high-<\/p>\n<p>performance building systems and\/or<br \/>\nsolar photovoltaic systems)<\/p>\n<p>\t 7.\tTenant leases<br \/>\n\t 8.\tIncentives (such as property tax <\/p>\n<p>rebates, utility rebates or incentives:<br \/>\npublic sector, private sector or utility)<\/p>\n<p>\t 9.\tFinancing benefits\/burdens<br \/>\n\t10.\tOperating expenses<br \/>\nThe objective of the checklist is to<br \/>\nstandardize the communication of green<br \/>\nand\/or high-performing features of<br \/>\ncommercial properties. Identifying the<br \/>\nfeatures provides a basis for comparable<br \/>\nselection and analysis of the features. The<br \/>\nchecklist will assist the client in extracting<br \/>\nthe documents necessary to expedite<br \/>\nthe appraisal process by having a better<br \/>\nunderstanding of the special property<br \/>\nfeatures. This will assist the client in<br \/>\nsecuring an appraiser with knowledge and<br \/>\nexperience in the property type. <\/p>\n<p>The RICS Red Book provides guidance<br \/>\nto the valuer to consider the impact of any<br \/>\nsignificant sustainability factor:<br \/>\n1.\t The terms of engagement must  <\/p>\n<p>include any requirements in relation<br \/>\nto the consideration of significant<br \/>\nsustainability factors. <\/p>\n<p>2.\tRequirements may include sustainability<br \/>\nmatters that relate to the activities of<br \/>\nthe valuer, such as the incorporation<br \/>\nof sustainability considerations into<br \/>\ninspection and investigation. They may also<br \/>\ninclude resources such as sustainability<br \/>\nperformance data, sustainability risk<br \/>\nassessment and relevant cost information<br \/>\nthat may be required from the client and\/<br \/>\nor additional experts commissioned in<br \/>\naccordance with PS 2 paragraph 2.4. Such<br \/>\nresources must be considered in the same<br \/>\nway as referred to in VPS 1 paragraph 3.2(j);<br \/>\nin each case, the valuer must judge the <\/p>\n<p>extent to which the information to be<br \/>\nprovided is likely to be reliable, being<br \/>\nmindful to recognize, and not exceed<br \/>\nthe limitations of, their qualification<br \/>\nand expertise in this respect. Where the<br \/>\nvaluer does not have the qualification<br \/>\nand expertise to judge the reliability of<br \/>\nsustainability resources provided that may<br \/>\nbe relevant to the valuation (such as, in<br \/>\nsome cases, cost information), this must<br \/>\nbe considered as part of the limitations<br \/>\nreferred to in VPS 1 paragraph 3.2(i), with<br \/>\nappropriate limits on liability as referred to<br \/>\nin VPS 1 paragraph 3.2(r).<\/p>\n<p>3.\tThe valuation must consider the potential<br \/>\nimpact of significant sustainability factors<br \/>\non value, to the extent that such factors are<br \/>\nreasonably identifiable and quantifiable.<br \/>\nThe level of sustainability consideration<br \/>\nwill be commensurate with the type of<br \/>\nasset or liability, location and purpose of<br \/>\nthe valuation. Upon consideration, there<br \/>\nmay not be any significant sustainability<br \/>\nfactors that impact the valuation, in which<br \/>\ncase, this must be stated, along with<br \/>\nappropriate justification.<\/p>\n<p>4.\tRelevant limitations on sustainability<br \/>\nconsiderations must also be clarified<br \/>\nat this stage, such as, but not limited<br \/>\nto, clarifying that the valuation does<br \/>\nnot constitute a sustainability risk<br \/>\nassessment or sustainability rating.<\/p>\n<p>5.\tAny client requirement to consider<br \/>\nsustainability matters, including specific<br \/>\nmeasurements and strategies that are<br \/>\napplicable and\/or relevant only to the<br \/>\nclient, must be identified and agreed<br \/>\nupon in the terms of engagement<br \/>\nor as a separate instruction. These<br \/>\nrequirements must be considered in a<br \/>\nway that is appropriate to the basis of<br \/>\nvalue and any special assumptions.  <\/p>\n<p>6.\tExamples of sustainability factors are<br \/>\nincluded in IVS 104 Data and Inputs:<br \/>\nAppendix. The relevance of these will<br \/>\ndiffer depending on the valuation task<br \/>\nbeing undertaken.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS<br \/>\nThe process of revising the initial study,<br \/>\nwhich began in 2004, has been exhaustive,<br \/>\nand ultimately beneficial for both the<br \/>\nappraisers and the asset managers on the <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 21Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>research team. Over the past 21 years, there<br \/>\nhave been significant advancements in this<br \/>\nsubject, as evidenced by the interviews<br \/>\nconducted, which clearly indicate a strong<br \/>\nconviction that the built environment needs<br \/>\nto decarbonize at an accelerated pace,<br \/>\ndespite current challenges. It was evident<br \/>\nin all conversations with stakeholders and<br \/>\nin all reviewed literature that there is a<br \/>\nneed to understand how to best capture<br \/>\nsustainability elements and climate risks in<br \/>\nyear-end valuations.<\/p>\n<p>The first finding of the research<br \/>\nindicates that all market participants<br \/>\nmust collaborate to expedite efforts to<br \/>\ndecarbonize the built environment:<\/p>\n<p>\tAsset owners, fund managers,<br \/>\nGPs and LPs, tenants and lenders<\/p>\n<p>\tAppraisers<br \/>\n\tStandard setters and<br \/>\npathway developers<\/p>\n<p>\tCertifications and ratings providers<br \/>\n\tPolicy makers<\/p>\n<p>The research generally found that all<br \/>\nmarket participants either already<br \/>\ncontribute or are keen to contribute to the<br \/>\ndecarbonization of the built environment.<br \/>\nIt is particularly notable that real estate<br \/>\nowners, tenants and lenders are pivotal<br \/>\nin driving the market and accelerating the<br \/>\ntransition. Despite the diversity of opinions<br \/>\nsurrounding decarbonization and the<br \/>\ncurrent challenges in certain jurisdictions,<br \/>\nthe research indicates that many Canadian<br \/>\nand US jurisdictions are committed to their<br \/>\nsustainable real estate initiatives and, in<br \/>\nmany cases, are accelerating their efforts.<\/p>\n<p>It is interesting to note that the research<br \/>\nfound that significantly more resources and<br \/>\nattention are allocated to underwriting climate<br \/>\nrisks and sustainability factors at the time of<br \/>\ninvestment purchase than to clearly defining<br \/>\nthe framework for capturing these same<br \/>\nelements in year-end valuations. One of the<br \/>\nexplanations is the calculation methodology of <\/p>\n<p>target rates of return (discount rates), which<br \/>\ncan use data from other capital markets in<br \/>\nthe absence of comparable evidence in the<br \/>\nreal estate market. This is encouraging, as<br \/>\nit demonstrates the commitment of asset<br \/>\nowners and lenders to the business case for<br \/>\nsustainable investment, asset management<br \/>\nand financing.<\/p>\n<p>The second conclusion concerns the<br \/>\nlevel of proficiency of appraisers and<br \/>\nprofessionals involved in valuing commercial<br \/>\nproperty. While there is a significant amount<br \/>\nof thought leadership, standards, guidance<br \/>\nnotes, courses and books available on<br \/>\nthe subject, the recommendation is that<br \/>\nappraisers collaborate with sustainability<br \/>\nexperts when analyzing the subject property<br \/>\nand the comparable evidence, in the same<br \/>\nway they would engage or refer to an<br \/>\nenvironmental consultant or a lawyer to<br \/>\nprovide specific expertise in their respective<br \/>\nfields. The research demonstrated that<br \/>\nsustainability has evolved into an intricate<br \/>\ndomain of expertise, accompanied by<br \/>\ninherent risks associated with climate and<br \/>\nsustainability. Consequently, it is advisable<br \/>\nto seek the counsel of relevant experts<br \/>\nto provide an accurate assessment of<br \/>\nvalue, particularly in a market that remains<br \/>\nsomewhat opaque regarding these matters.<\/p>\n<p>The third and significant conclusion<br \/>\nconcerns the lack of comparable transaction<br \/>\nevidence. In view of the likelihood of interest<br \/>\nrates falling within the next 12 to 18 months,<br \/>\nalbeit at a more moderate pace than over the<br \/>\nlast 12 months, it is reasonable to predict an<br \/>\nincrease in transaction volume and there is<br \/>\nsome evidence that the level of transaction<br \/>\nactivity is already picking up since the first <\/p>\n<p>quarter of 2025. This will result in more<br \/>\nassets with sustainable features or climate<br \/>\nrisks being transacted. Transparency will<br \/>\nbe pivotal in capturing these elements as<br \/>\nvalues. Some of the political uncertainty<br \/>\nthat characterized the first quarter of the<br \/>\nyear in Canada has also been addressed<br \/>\nwith the election of a new leader and a new<br \/>\nterm for the governing federal Liberal party,<br \/>\nthe re-election of a majority Conservative<br \/>\ngovernment in Ontario, and the introduction<br \/>\nof some major clean energy programs by<br \/>\nthe new Federal government led by Prime<br \/>\nMinister Mark Carney. A renewed focus on<br \/>\neliminating interprovincial trade barriers<br \/>\nand prioritizing major infrastructure projects<br \/>\ndeemed to be in the national interest<br \/>\nis also helping to mitigate some of the<br \/>\nnegative impacts of tariffs in Canada. It is<br \/>\nrecommended that market participants share<br \/>\ntheir achievements and findings with the<br \/>\nwider market as a general business practice.<br \/>\nIn the event of greater transparency, it is<br \/>\nprobable that \u2018green premiums\u2019 will be more<br \/>\nstraightforward to evaluate. This would<br \/>\nconstitute a more suitable incentive than the<br \/>\ncurrent approach of discounting building<br \/>\nprojects due to \u2018brown\u2019 features.  <\/p>\n<p>The final conclusion of this study<br \/>\nis that research on this subject should<br \/>\ncontinue from stakeholders across all five<br \/>\ncategories mentioned above. Whether a<br \/>\nstandard setter, a professional association,<br \/>\na large asset owner or an international<br \/>\norganization takes the leadership,<br \/>\nthe research shows that a continuous<br \/>\nimprovement approach is needed in order<br \/>\nto constantly refine the methodology used<br \/>\nand help appraisers in their efforts. <\/p>\n<p>It is recommended that market participants<br \/>\nshare their achievements and findings with<br \/>\nthe wider market as a general business practice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Whether a standard setter, a professional association, a large asset owner or<br \/>\nan international organization takes the leadership, the research shows that a<br \/>\ncontinuous improvement approach is needed in order to constantly refine the<br \/>\nmethodology used and help appraisers in their efforts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 22 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Comment quantifier l\u2019impact des risques<br \/>\nclimatiques et des facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuations immobili\u00e8res commerciales<\/p>\n<p>PAYSAGE ET CONTEXTE<br \/>\nLors du r\u00e9cent congr\u00e8s national de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al,<br \/>\ndes discussions importantes ont eu lieu sur<br \/>\nles impacts du changement climatique, les<br \/>\nobjectifs de z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette pour les<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents commerciaux et la mani\u00e8re de<br \/>\nquantifier les effets des caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\ndurables dans les \u00e9valuations. Bien que<br \/>\nces questions ne soient pas nouvelles pour<br \/>\nla communaut\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs, il existe<br \/>\naujourd\u2019hui une forte motivation pour les<br \/>\ncomprendre et les prendre en compte dans<br \/>\nnos \u00e9valuations.<\/p>\n<p>J\u2019ai r\u00e9cemment co\u00e9crit une \u00e9tude<br \/>\nintitul\u00e9e \u00ab Impact des risques climatiques<br \/>\net des facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 sur la valeur<br \/>\ndes biens immobiliers commerciaux \u00bb avec<br \/>\nmon coll\u00e8gue Rob Purdy, \u00c9. Pro., AACI,<br \/>\nMRICS, vice-pr\u00e9sident principal, Services<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation et de conseil, Colliers, qui avait<br \/>\nr\u00e9cemment abord\u00e9 cette question dans<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es pour des clients<br \/>\ninstitutionnels, et Alexandra Faciu, MRICS,<br \/>\npr\u00e9sidente, Alexandra Capital, qui se fait<br \/>\nla championne de l\u2019identification et de la<br \/>\ngestion des risques et des opportunit\u00e9s li\u00e9s<br \/>\nau climat, \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019environnement <\/p>\n<p>dans la gestion d\u2019actifs et les strat\u00e9gies<br \/>\nde portefeuille. Ensemble, nous avons<br \/>\ncherch\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir aux propri\u00e9taires<br \/>\nd\u2019actifs et aux professionnels impliqu\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans l\u2019investissement durable, la gestion<br \/>\nd\u2019actifs et le financement des informations<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires pour soutenir leurs<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gies d\u2019actifs et de portefeuille.<\/p>\n<p>En 2004, j\u2019ai men\u00e9 une autre \u00e9tude sur<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation des caract\u00e9ristiques durables<br \/>\nintitul\u00e9e Green Value: Green Buildings,<br \/>\nGrowing Assets (Valeur verte : b\u00e2timents<br \/>\nverts, actifs en croissance). Cette \u00e9tude a<br \/>\nservi de base aux recherches ult\u00e9rieures <\/p>\n<p>PAR PHILIP SMITH, FRICS, \u00c9. PRO., AACI, PLE,<br \/>\nDIRECTEUR G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL, SERVICES D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION ET DE CONSEIL, ONTARIO, COLLIERS<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 23Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>sur ce sujet et comprenait \u00e0 la fois une<br \/>\nrevue de la litt\u00e9rature et une analyse<br \/>\napprofondie d\u2019\u00e9tudes de cas provenant du<br \/>\nmonde entier.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude peut \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9e ici :<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.collierscanada.com\/en-ca\/<br \/>\nnews\/green-premium-or-brown-discount-tl.<br \/>\nCet article met en \u00e9vidence certaines des<br \/>\nprincipales conclusions de cette \u00e9tude et<br \/>\nleur pertinence pour les membres de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que l\u2019\u00e9tude se soit principalement<br \/>\nconcentr\u00e9e sur le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis,<br \/>\nelle s\u2019est \u00e9galement appuy\u00e9e sur des<br \/>\ninformations, des rapports de recherche et<br \/>\ndes publications provenant d\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n<p>Les recherches ont port\u00e9 sur les<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments li\u00e9s au climat et \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nqui ont une incidence sur la valeur.<br \/>\nUn exemple simple est l\u2019impact sur le<br \/>\nrevenu net d\u2019exploitation, l\u2019augmentation<br \/>\ndes primes d\u2019assurance et le manque <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019options d\u2019assurance caus\u00e9s par des<br \/>\nrisques climatiques physiques aigus<br \/>\net chroniques. La th\u00e8se centrale de<br \/>\nla recherche consistait \u00e0 d\u00e9river des<br \/>\nparam\u00e8tres d\u2019\u00e9valuation sp\u00e9cifiques<br \/>\npour les b\u00e2timents avant et apr\u00e8s leur<br \/>\n\u00ab verdissement \u00bb. Ainsi, la \u00ab prime verte \u00bb<br \/>\nou la \u00ab d\u00e9cote brune \u00bb peuvent-elles \u00eatre<br \/>\nquantifi\u00e9es, et si oui, quels \u00e9l\u00e9ments<br \/>\npeuvent l\u2019\u00eatre et comment ?<\/p>\n<p>Les aspects cl\u00e9s du plan de travail<br \/>\n\u00e9taient les suivants :<br \/>\n1.\t Passer en revue les recherches et la <\/p>\n<p>litt\u00e9rature existantes sur le sujet.<br \/>\n2.\t Identifier les principaux facteurs de <\/p>\n<p>durabilit\u00e9 qui influencent la valeur et<br \/>\nles risques qui l\u2019affectent.<\/p>\n<p>3.\t Identifier les actifs qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, r\u00e9nov\u00e9s ou n\u00e9goci\u00e9s au<br \/>\ncours des trois \u00e0 cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<br \/>\nafin de corr\u00e9ler les principaux facteurs <\/p>\n<p>de durabilit\u00e9 et les risques avec les<br \/>\nprix obtenus.<\/p>\n<p>Si les deux premiers objectifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nrelativement faciles \u00e0 atteindre, malgr\u00e9<br \/>\nle temps n\u00e9cessaire pour rassembler et<br \/>\ntraiter les informations disponibles, la<br \/>\nrecherche a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les informations<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9tablir des<br \/>\npreuves de transactions comparables,<br \/>\nessentielles \u00e0 la d\u00e9termination des valeurs<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9 libre, ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<br \/>\npas toujours disponibles pour l\u2019ensemble<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9. Ce probl\u00e8me peut \u00eatre<br \/>\nattribu\u00e9 \u00e0 deux facteurs principaux :<br \/>\npremi\u00e8rement, les taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9lev\u00e9s<br \/>\nont consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duit le volume<br \/>\ndes transactions sur les march\u00e9s nord-<br \/>\nam\u00e9ricains au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,<br \/>\net deuxi\u00e8mement, il est difficile d\u2019isoler<br \/>\nces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sp\u00e9cifiques des risques et<br \/>\ndes facteurs de valeur traditionnels.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9 DE LA RECHERCHE<br \/>\n\u00c0 mesure que les risques et les<br \/>\ninformations li\u00e9s \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 s\u2019int\u00e8grent<br \/>\ndans les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019investissement<br \/>\net les cadres r\u00e9glementaires, notre<br \/>\nrecherche sugg\u00e8re que les professionnels<br \/>\nnord-am\u00e9ricains devront suivre, voire<br \/>\ndevancer, les tendances mondiales.<br \/>\nDes outils tels que l\u2019ouvrage de Tim<br \/>\nRundle et Stacey Thoyre, The Valuation<br \/>\nof Green Commercial Real Estate, ou les<br \/>\nnormes et notes d\u2019orientation publi\u00e9es<br \/>\npar des organisations telles que l\u2019ISSB,<br \/>\nl\u2019IVS et la RICS, restent pr\u00e9cieux et<br \/>\naident les \u00e9valuateurs \u00e0 comprendre<br \/>\nles caract\u00e9ristiques complexes de la<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9 dans un march\u00e9 qui exige<br \/>\nde plus en plus d&rsquo;imputabilit\u00e9, de<br \/>\ntransparence et de responsabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nenvironnementale.<\/p>\n<p>Les certifications et les syst\u00e8mes de<br \/>\nnotation immobiliers ax\u00e9s sur la durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nsont devenus essentiels pour qualifier un<br \/>\nactif de \u00ab durable \u00bb et d\u00e9terminer son degr\u00e9<br \/>\nde durabilit\u00e9. Ces syst\u00e8mes \u00e9valuent les<br \/>\naspects environnementaux, sociaux et<br \/>\nde gouvernance des actifs, offrant ainsi<br \/>\nun moyen standardis\u00e9 de mesurer et de<br \/>\npromouvoir les pratiques de durabilit\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 24 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.collierscanada.com\/en-ca\/news\/green-premium-or-brown-discount-tl<\/p>\n<p>Les plus pertinents pour les march\u00e9s<br \/>\nnord-am\u00e9ricains sont LEED, BREEAM,<br \/>\nGRESB et Energy Star, qui sont d\u00e9taill\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans notre rapport complet.<\/p>\n<p>Pour guider les \u00e9valuateurs, il est<br \/>\nimportant de se plonger dans certains<br \/>\naspects techniques de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nactifs verts, en particulier dans un contexte<br \/>\no\u00f9 les donn\u00e9es comparables sont rares.<br \/>\nLa m\u00e9thode la plus efficace pour \u00e9valuer<br \/>\nl\u2019impact des risques climatiques et des<br \/>\nfacteurs de durabilit\u00e9 sur la valeur des<br \/>\nbiens immobiliers est la m\u00e9thode du<br \/>\nrevenu, qui utilise principalement les<br \/>\nm\u00e9thodes de capitalisation directe et<br \/>\nd\u2019actualisation des flux de tr\u00e9sorerie (DCF).<br \/>\nLa principale diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux<br \/>\napproches est que la m\u00e9thode DCF est<br \/>\ndynamique, ce qui permet \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nde prendre en compte le traitement de<br \/>\nchaque locataire individuel dans un<br \/>\nimmeuble \u00e0 locataires multiples. Cela<br \/>\ninclut la probabilit\u00e9 de renouvellement,<br \/>\nle loyer pr\u00e9visionnel du march\u00e9, le<br \/>\ntraitement du loyer proportionnel (dans<br \/>\nun immeuble commercial) et les co\u00fbts<br \/>\nde renouvellement (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les<br \/>\ncommissions de location et les indemnit\u00e9s<br \/>\nd\u2019am\u00e9lioration locative, etc.), ainsi que le<br \/>\ntraitement des espaces vacants en termes<br \/>\nde dur\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire pour louer chaque<br \/>\nunit\u00e9 et de co\u00fbts de location (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<br \/>\nloyer gratuit, indemnit\u00e9s d\u2019am\u00e9lioration<br \/>\nlocative, commissions de location, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>Cela est particuli\u00e8rement pertinent<br \/>\npour les b\u00e2timents pr\u00e9sentant des<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques durables lors de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation des primes de loyer, des<br \/>\nr\u00e9ductions des co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation, des<br \/>\nco\u00fbts de location r\u00e9duits et des p\u00e9riodes<br \/>\nde marketing potentiellement r\u00e9duites<br \/>\npour les nouveaux locataires. L\u2019analyse du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 permettra de d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il existe<br \/>\ndes \u00e9l\u00e9ments permettant de justifier une<br \/>\nprime de loyer, une r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts<br \/>\nd\u2019exploitation ou une r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9lais<br \/>\nde location pour un b\u00e2timent \u00e9cologique<br \/>\npar rapport \u00e0 un b\u00e2timent conventionnel.<br \/>\nCela se fait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par la mise<br \/>\nen \u0153uvre d\u2019une analyse comparative<br \/>\nconventionnelle par paires. Si ce mod\u00e8le <\/p>\n<p>th\u00e9orique semble solide, dans la pratique,<br \/>\nil n\u2019est pas facile d\u2019isoler les variables en<br \/>\nraison de la raret\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles.<br \/>\nLes propri\u00e9taires d\u2019actifs disposant de<br \/>\nportefeuilles plus importants ou d\u2019un<br \/>\nplus grand nombre de locataires ont un<br \/>\navantage, car la plupart des donn\u00e9es<br \/>\ncomparables peuvent \u00eatre extraites de<br \/>\nleurs propres actifs.<\/p>\n<p>En ce qui concerne les taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation, il est encore plus difficile<br \/>\nde tirer des preuves du march\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des<br \/>\ntransactions pour d\u00e9montrer un avantage<br \/>\nclair pour les b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques.<br \/>\nPour ces b\u00e2timents, l\u2019\u00e9valuation tient<br \/>\ncompte des primes de loyer, des r\u00e9ductions<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation et des co\u00fbts de<br \/>\nlocation moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Cependant, dans<br \/>\nde nombreux cas, l\u2019\u00e9tude a observ\u00e9 que<br \/>\nles facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 sont dilu\u00e9s,<br \/>\nvoire n\u00e9glig\u00e9s, par les acheteurs et les<br \/>\nlocataires lorsque les fondamentaux<br \/>\ntraditionnels de l\u2019immobilier sont faibles<br \/>\n(c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019un b\u00e2timent durable mal<br \/>\nsitu\u00e9 aura g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de moins bons<br \/>\nr\u00e9sultats qu\u2019un b\u00e2timent bien situ\u00e9 sans<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques \u00e9cologiques).<\/p>\n<p>La l\u00e9gislation relative \u00e0 la<br \/>\nd\u00e9carbonisation se renforce, et les<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents dot\u00e9s de programmes de<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9 solides peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s<br \/>\ncomme pr\u00e9sentant un risque moindre<br \/>\nen raison de la r\u00e9duction des besoins<br \/>\nen capitaux \u00e0 court terme. Cela peut se<br \/>\ntraduire par des ajustements des taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation terminaux. Par exemple,<br \/>\nun bien immobilier mettant en \u0153uvre<br \/>\nune strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation sur<br \/>\nune p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9tention de 10 ans peut<br \/>\n\u00eatre confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des risques de location<br \/>\net de d\u00e9penses moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s qu\u2019un bien<br \/>\nqui ne le fait pas, ce qui pourrait justifier<br \/>\ndes ajustements d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Toutefois,<br \/>\nles donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019appui de cette hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nrestent limit\u00e9es en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, ainsi<br \/>\nqu\u2019en Europe, d\u2019ailleurs.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s dites \u00ab brunes \u00bb<br \/>\n(celles qui ne pr\u00e9sentent pas de<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques durables) peuvent \u00eatre<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9es \u00e0 des taux de capitalisation<br \/>\nplus \u00e9lev\u00e9s en raison de la baisse de la <\/p>\n<p>demande des locataires et de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\ndes investisseurs. Certains locataires et<br \/>\ninvestisseurs institutionnels privil\u00e9gient<br \/>\nles b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques, ce qui<br \/>\nentra\u00eene une baisse de la liquidit\u00e9 et une<br \/>\naugmentation du risque pour les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\nqui ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux normes de<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9 en constante \u00e9volution.<\/p>\n<p>La conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale reconna\u00eet que<br \/>\nles \u00ab d\u00e9cotes brunes \u00bb sont plus faciles \u00e0<br \/>\nidentifier que les \u00ab primes vertes \u00bb pour<br \/>\nplusieurs indicateurs, mais qu\u2019elles sont<br \/>\nplus prononc\u00e9es dans la croissance des<br \/>\nloyers, les probabilit\u00e9s de renouvellement<br \/>\net les taux de stabilisation.<\/p>\n<p>RECOMMANDATIONS SP\u00c9CIFIQUES<br \/>\nDES ORGANISMES DE NORMALISATION<br \/>\nDes recommandations sp\u00e9cifiques sont \u00e0 la<br \/>\ndisposition des \u00e9valuateurs pour les aider \u00e0<br \/>\nidentifier et \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les \u00e9l\u00e9ments durables<br \/>\nd\u2019un bien immobilier. Elles sont fournies<br \/>\nsous la forme d\u2019une liste de contr\u00f4le par<br \/>\nl\u2019Appraisal Institute (\u00c9tats-Unis) et de<br \/>\nrecommandations plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rales par<br \/>\nla RICS dans ses normes d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nmondiales ou son Red Book. Elles peuvent<br \/>\n\u00eatre r\u00e9sum\u00e9es comme suit :<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Appraisal Institute (\u00c9tats-Unis)<br \/>\nfournit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 ses \u00e9valuateurs une<br \/>\nliste de contr\u00f4le pour les aider \u00e0 prendre<br \/>\nen compte l\u2019impact des caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\ndurables lorsqu\u2019ils r\u00e9alisent des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations. Il existe des listes de contr\u00f4le<br \/>\ndistinctes pour les b\u00e2timents r\u00e9sidentiels<br \/>\net commerciaux. Voici les 10 \u00e9l\u00e9ments que<br \/>\nle client est invit\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nimmobilier pour analyse :<br \/>\n\t 1.\tListe de contr\u00f4le LEED (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant) <\/p>\n<p>ou autre liste de contr\u00f4le si certifi\u00e9e par<br \/>\nun autre organisme<\/p>\n<p>\t 2.\tCoordonn\u00e9es ou d\u00e9tails des experts<br \/>\nen environnement (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<br \/>\nconsultant LEED, architecte(s),<br \/>\nconstructeur et ing\u00e9nieur)<\/p>\n<p>\t 3.\tR\u00e9sultats de la mod\u00e9lisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<br \/>\n(ou \u00e9valuations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques par un tiers<br \/>\npour les b\u00e2timents r\u00e9sidentiels)<\/p>\n<p>\t 4.\tPlans et devis<br \/>\n\t 5.\tObjectifs vis\u00e9s pour la construction  <\/p>\n<p>ou la r\u00e9novation<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 25Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\t 6.\tRapport de mise en service (pour les<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8mes de construction \u00e0 haute<br \/>\nperformance et\/ou les syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nsolaires photovolta\u00efques)<\/p>\n<p>\t 7.\tBaux des locataires<br \/>\n\t 8.\tIncitatifs (telles que les remises sur  <\/p>\n<p>les taxes fonci\u00e8res, les remises sur<br \/>\nles services publics ou les incitatifs :<br \/>\nsecteur public, secteur priv\u00e9 ou<br \/>\nservices publics)<\/p>\n<p>\t 9.\tAvantages\/fardeaux financiers<br \/>\n\t10.\tD\u00e9penses d\u2019exploitation<br \/>\nLa liste de contr\u00f4le a pour objectif<br \/>\nde normaliser la communication des<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques \u00e9cologiques et\/ou<br \/>\nhautement performantes des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\ncommerciales. L\u2019identification de ces<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques fournit une base pour<br \/>\nla s\u00e9lection et l\u2019analyse comparative des<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques. La liste de contr\u00f4le<br \/>\naidera le client \u00e0 extraire les documents<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le processus<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation en lui permettant de<br \/>\nmieux comprendre les caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res du bien immobilier. Cela<br \/>\naidera le client \u00e0 trouver un \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nayant des connaissances et de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\ndans le type de bien immobilier concern\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le Red Book de la RICS fournit des<br \/>\nconseils aux \u00e9valuateurs pour qu\u2019ils<br \/>\ntiennent compte de l\u2019impact de tout facteur<br \/>\nde durabilit\u00e9 significatif :<br \/>\n1.\t Les conditions d\u2019engagement doivent <\/p>\n<p>inclure toute exigence relative \u00e0 la<br \/>\nprise en compte des facteurs de<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9 significatifs.<\/p>\n<p>2.\tLes exigences peuvent inclure des<br \/>\nquestions de durabilit\u00e9 li\u00e9es aux activit\u00e9s<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuateur, telles que l\u2019int\u00e9gration<br \/>\nde consid\u00e9rations de durabilit\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nl\u2019inspection et l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Elles peuvent<br \/>\n\u00e9galement inclure des ressources telles <\/p>\n<p>que des donn\u00e9es sur les performances<br \/>\nen mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9, une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\ndes risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 et des<br \/>\ninformations pertinentes sur les co\u00fbts<br \/>\nqui peuvent \u00eatre demand\u00e9es au client<br \/>\net\/ou \u00e0 des experts suppl\u00e9mentaires<br \/>\nmandat\u00e9s conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe<br \/>\n2.4 du PS 2. Ces ressources doivent<br \/>\n\u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re<br \/>\nque celles mentionn\u00e9es au paragraphe<br \/>\n3.2(j) de la norme VPS 1 ; dans chaque<br \/>\ncas, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit juger dans quelle<br \/>\nmesure les informations \u00e0 fournir sont<br \/>\nsusceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre fiables, en veillant<br \/>\n\u00e0 reconna\u00eetre et \u00e0 ne pas d\u00e9passer les<br \/>\nlimites de ses qualifications et de son<br \/>\nexpertise \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Lorsque l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nne dispose pas des qualifications et de<br \/>\nl\u2019expertise n\u00e9cessaires pour juger de<br \/>\nla fiabilit\u00e9 des ressources en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nde durabilit\u00e9 fournies qui peuvent \u00eatre<br \/>\npertinentes pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation (telles<br \/>\nque, dans certains cas, les informations<br \/>\nsur les co\u00fbts), cela doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9<br \/>\ncomme faisant partie des limites vis\u00e9es<br \/>\nau paragraphe 3.2(i) du VPS 1, avec des<br \/>\nlimites de responsabilit\u00e9 appropri\u00e9es<br \/>\ntelles que vis\u00e9es au paragraphe 3.2(r)<br \/>\ndu VPS 1.<\/p>\n<p>3.\tL\u2019\u00e9valuation doit tenir compte de l\u2019impact<br \/>\npotentiel des facteurs de durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nsignificatifs sur la valeur, dans la mesure<br \/>\no\u00f9 ces facteurs sont raisonnablement<br \/>\nidentifiables et quantifiables. Le niveau<br \/>\nde prise en compte de la durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nsera proportionnel au type d\u2019actif ou de<br \/>\npassif, \u00e0 l\u2019emplacement et \u00e0 l\u2019objectif de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation. Apr\u00e8s examen, il se peut<br \/>\nqu\u2019aucun facteur de durabilit\u00e9 significatif<br \/>\nn\u2019ait d\u2019incidence sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation, auquel<br \/>\ncas cela doit \u00eatre indiqu\u00e9, accompagn\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019une justification appropri\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>4.\tLes limites pertinentes en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9rations de durabilit\u00e9 doivent<br \/>\n\u00e9galement \u00eatre clarifi\u00e9es \u00e0 ce stade,<br \/>\npar exemple, mais sans s\u2019y limiter, en<br \/>\npr\u00e9cisant que l\u2019\u00e9valuation ne constitue<br \/>\npas une \u00e9valuation des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9 ou une notation de durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>5.\tToute exigence du client concernant<br \/>\nla prise en compte de questions de<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9, y compris les mesures et<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gies sp\u00e9cifiques qui ne s\u2019appliquent<br \/>\net\/ou ne concernent que le client, doit<br \/>\n\u00eatre identifi\u00e9e et convenue dans les<br \/>\ntermes du contrat de service ou dans<br \/>\nune instruction s\u00e9par\u00e9e. Ces exigences<br \/>\ndoivent \u00eatre prises en compte d\u2019une<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 la base de la valeur<br \/>\net \u00e0 toute hypoth\u00e8se particuli\u00e8re. <\/p>\n<p>6.\tDes exemples de facteurs de durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nsont inclus dans l\u2019IVS 104 Data and<br \/>\nInputs: Appendix. La pertinence de ces<br \/>\nfacteurs variera en fonction de la t\u00e2che<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation entreprise.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS<br \/>\nLe processus de r\u00e9vision de l\u2019\u00e9tude initiale,<br \/>\nqui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2004, a \u00e9t\u00e9 exhaustif<br \/>\net s\u2019est finalement av\u00e9r\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9fique<br \/>\ntant pour les \u00e9valuateurs que pour les<br \/>\ngestionnaires d\u2019actifs de l\u2019\u00e9quipe de<br \/>\nrecherche. Au cours des 21 derni\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es, des progr\u00e8s significatifs ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans ce domaine, comme<br \/>\nen t\u00e9moignent les entrevues men\u00e9es,<br \/>\nqui indiquent clairement une forte<br \/>\nconviction que l\u2019environnement b\u00e2ti doit se<br \/>\nd\u00e9carboniser \u00e0 un rythme acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9, malgr\u00e9<br \/>\nles d\u00e9fis actuels. Il est ressorti clairement<br \/>\nde toutes les conversations avec les<br \/>\nparties prenantes et de toute la litt\u00e9rature<br \/>\nexamin\u00e9e qu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire de comprendre<br \/>\ncomment int\u00e9grer au mieux les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de <\/p>\n<p>Que l\u2019initiative soit lanc\u00e9e par un organisme de normalisation, une association<br \/>\nprofessionnelle, un grand propri\u00e9taire d\u2019actifs ou une organisation internationale,<br \/>\nles recherches montrent qu\u2019une approche d\u2019am\u00e9lioration continue est<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire afin d\u2019affiner constamment la m\u00e9thodologie utilis\u00e9e et d\u2019aider les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs dans leurs efforts. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 26 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>durabilit\u00e9 et les risques climatiques dans<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuations de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>La premi\u00e8re conclusion de la recherche<br \/>\nindique que tous les acteurs du march\u00e9<br \/>\ndoivent collaborer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer<br \/>\nles efforts de d\u00e9carbonisation de<br \/>\nl\u2019environnement b\u00e2ti.<\/p>\n<p>\tPropri\u00e9taires d\u2019actifs, gestionnaires<br \/>\nde fonds, GP et LP, locataires et pr\u00eateurs<\/p>\n<p>\t\u00c9valuateurs<br \/>\n\tOrganismes de normalisation et<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppeurs de parcours<\/p>\n<p>\tFournisseurs de certifications<br \/>\net de notations<\/p>\n<p>\tD\u00e9cideurs politiques<br \/>\nDans l\u2019ensemble, la recherche a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que<br \/>\ntous les acteurs du march\u00e9 contribuent<br \/>\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 ou sont d\u00e9sireux de contribuer \u00e0 la<br \/>\nd\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019environnement b\u00e2ti.<br \/>\nIl est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressant de<br \/>\nnoter que les propri\u00e9taires immobiliers,<br \/>\nles locataires et les pr\u00eateurs jouent un<br \/>\nr\u00f4le essentiel dans la dynamique du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 et l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la transition.<br \/>\nMalgr\u00e9 la diversit\u00e9 des opinions sur la<br \/>\nd\u00e9carbonisation et les d\u00e9fis actuels dans<br \/>\ncertaines juridictions, la recherche indique<br \/>\nque de nombreuses juridictions canadiennes<br \/>\net am\u00e9ricaines sont engag\u00e9es dans des<br \/>\ninitiatives immobili\u00e8res durables et, dans de<br \/>\nnombreux cas, acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent leurs efforts.<\/p>\n<p>Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que la<br \/>\nrecherche a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que beaucoup plus de<br \/>\nressources et d\u2019attention sont consacr\u00e9es<br \/>\n\u00e0 la souscription des risques climatiques<br \/>\net des facteurs de durabilit\u00e9 au moment<br \/>\nde l\u2019achat d\u2019un investissement qu\u2019\u00e0 la<br \/>\nd\u00e9finition claire du cadre permettant<br \/>\nde saisir ces m\u00eames \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e. L\u2019une des<br \/>\nexplications est la m\u00e9thode de calcul<br \/>\ndes taux de rendement cibles (taux<br \/>\nd\u2019actualisation), qui peut utiliser des<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es provenant d\u2019autres march\u00e9s<br \/>\nfinanciers en l\u2019absence de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\ncomparables sur le march\u00e9 immobilier.<br \/>\nCela est encourageant, car cela d\u00e9montre<br \/>\nl\u2019engagement des propri\u00e9taires d\u2019actifs<br \/>\net des pr\u00eateurs en faveur de l\u2019analyse de<br \/>\nrentabilit\u00e9 des investissements, de la<br \/>\ngestion d\u2019actifs et du financement durables.<\/p>\n<p>La deuxi\u00e8me conclusion concerne le<br \/>\nniveau de comp\u00e9tence des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\net des professionnels impliqu\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation des biens immobiliers<br \/>\ncommerciaux. Bien qu\u2019il existe un nombre<br \/>\nimportant de r\u00e9flexions d\u2019experts, de<br \/>\nnormes, de notes d\u2019orientation, de cours et<br \/>\nd\u2019ouvrages sur le sujet, il est recommand\u00e9<br \/>\naux \u00e9valuateurs de collaborer avec des<br \/>\nexperts en d\u00e9veloppement durable<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019ils analysent le bien immobilier<br \/>\nconcern\u00e9 et les donn\u00e9es comparables,<br \/>\nde la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019ils feraient<br \/>\nappel \u00e0 un consultant en environnement<br \/>\nou \u00e0 un avocat pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une<br \/>\nexpertise sp\u00e9cifique dans leurs domaines<br \/>\nrespectifs. La recherche a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que<br \/>\nla durabilit\u00e9 est devenue un domaine<br \/>\nd\u2019expertise complexe, accompagn\u00e9 de<br \/>\nrisques inh\u00e9rents li\u00e9s au climat et \u00e0 la<br \/>\ndurabilit\u00e9. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est conseill\u00e9<br \/>\nde solliciter l\u2019avis d\u2019experts comp\u00e9tents<br \/>\nafin d\u2019obtenir une \u00e9valuation pr\u00e9cise de<br \/>\nla valeur, en particulier sur un march\u00e9 qui<br \/>\nreste quelque peu opaque \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard.<\/p>\n<p>La troisi\u00e8me conclusion importante<br \/>\nconcerne le manque de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\ncomparables sur les transactions.<br \/>\nCompte tenu de la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\nbaisse des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat au cours des<br \/>\n12 \u00e0 18 prochains mois, bien qu\u2019\u00e0 un<br \/>\nrythme plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9 qu\u2019au cours des<br \/>\n12 derniers mois, il est raisonnable de<br \/>\npr\u00e9voir une augmentation du volume<br \/>\ndes transactions et certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments<br \/>\nindiquent que le niveau d\u2019activit\u00e9<br \/>\ntransactionnelle est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en hausse<br \/>\ndepuis le premier trimestre 2025. Cela se<br \/>\ntraduira par une augmentation du nombre<br \/>\nd\u2019actifs pr\u00e9sentant des caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\ndurables ou des risques climatiques<br \/>\nqui feront l\u2019objet de transactions. La<br \/>\ntransparence sera essentielle pour saisir <\/p>\n<p>ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments en tant que valeurs. Une<br \/>\npartie de l\u2019incertitude politique qui a<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ris\u00e9 le premier trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e<br \/>\nau Canada a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9e avec<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019un nouveau chef et un nouveau<br \/>\nmandat pour le parti Lib\u00e9ral f\u00e9d\u00e9ral au<br \/>\npouvoir, la r\u00e9\u00e9lection d\u2019un gouvernement<br \/>\nconservateur majoritaire en Ontario et<br \/>\nl\u2019introduction de plusieurs programmes<br \/>\nmajeurs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre par<br \/>\nle nouveau gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral dirig\u00e9<br \/>\npar le Premier ministre Mark Carney.<br \/>\nL\u2019accent renouvel\u00e9 mis sur l\u2019\u00e9limination des<br \/>\nbarri\u00e8res commerciales interprovinciales<br \/>\net la priorit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux grands projets<br \/>\nd\u2019infrastructure jug\u00e9s d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat national<br \/>\ncontribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer certains<br \/>\ndes effets n\u00e9gatifs des droits de douane<br \/>\nau Canada. Il est recommand\u00e9 aux acteurs<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9 de partager leurs r\u00e9alisations<br \/>\net leurs conclusions avec l\u2019ensemble du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 dans le cadre de leurs pratiques<br \/>\ncommerciales g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. En cas de plus<br \/>\ngrande transparence, il est probable que<br \/>\nles \u00ab primes vertes \u00bb seront plus faciles<br \/>\n\u00e0 \u00e9valuer. Cela constituerait un incitatif<br \/>\nplus appropri\u00e9 que l\u2019approche actuelle<br \/>\nqui consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la valeur des<br \/>\nprojets de construction en raison de leurs<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques \u00ab brunes \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>La conclusion finale de cette \u00e9tude<br \/>\nest que les recherches sur ce sujet<br \/>\ndoivent se poursuivre aupr\u00e8s des parties<br \/>\nprenantes des cinq cat\u00e9gories mentionn\u00e9es<br \/>\nci-dessus.Que l\u2019initiative soit lanc\u00e9e<br \/>\npar un organisme de normalisation, une<br \/>\nassociation professionnelle, un grand<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taire d\u2019actifs ou une organisation<br \/>\ninternationale, les recherches montrent<br \/>\nqu\u2019une approche d\u2019am\u00e9lioration continue<br \/>\nest n\u00e9cessaire afin d\u2019affiner constamment<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thodologie utilis\u00e9e et d\u2019aider les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs dans leurs efforts. <\/p>\n<p>Il est recommand\u00e9 aux acteurs du march\u00e9 de<br \/>\npartager leurs r\u00e9alisations et leurs conclusions avec<br \/>\nl\u2019ensemble du march\u00e9 dans le cadre de leurs<br \/>\npratiques commerciales g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 27Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<br \/>\nBetween 2020 and 2022, the real<br \/>\nestate industry found itself captivated<br \/>\nby the meteoric rise of the metaverse.<br \/>\nVirtual parcels of land in platforms<br \/>\nlike Decentraland and The Sandbox<br \/>\nwere selling for millions, sparking<br \/>\nintense debate about the future of<br \/>\nproperty ownership and value in digital<br \/>\nenvironments. During that period, at<br \/>\nthe Edmonton virtual annual industry<br \/>\nconference, my presentation explored<br \/>\nthe seismic\/radical shift toward digital<br \/>\nassets and the implications for valuation<br \/>\nprofessionals. The central question was<br \/>\nclear: how do we appraise assets that<br \/>\nexist entirely in virtual environments,<br \/>\nwhere traditional metrics \u2013 like location,<br \/>\nphysical condition, and comparable<br \/>\nsales \u2013 no longer apply? It was a moment<br \/>\nof both excitement and uncertainty, as <\/p>\n<p>the profession began to reimagine its<br \/>\nfoundational principles in response to a<br \/>\nrapidly evolving digital frontier.<\/p>\n<p>By 2025, although the metaverse<br \/>\nremains a marginal investment \u2013 almost<br \/>\nrelegated to the background, if not<br \/>\nforgotten \u2013 the real estate sector has<br \/>\nlargely refocused its attention on tangible,<br \/>\nphysical assets. These are now more<br \/>\ncomplex, data-driven, and shaped by<br \/>\ntechnological transformation, climate<br \/>\nuncertainty, and economic turbulence.<\/p>\n<p>In this shifting landscape, real estate<br \/>\nvaluation is undergoing a profound<br \/>\ntransformation. The challenge is clear:<br \/>\nbalancing and maintaining precision and<br \/>\naccuracy while remaining adaptable in a<br \/>\nmarket that has become more volatile and<br \/>\nunpredictable than ever. From AI-powered<br \/>\nappraisal models to climate risk scoring<br \/>\nanalysis tools, the methods and philosophies <\/p>\n<p>EMERGING<br \/>\nTRENDS<br \/>\nin real estate<br \/>\nvaluation<\/p>\n<p>BY AYDA CHAMCHAM,<br \/>\nMSC, FRICS, P. APP., AACI<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 28 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>guiding valuation are being fundamentally<br \/>\nredefined. This article explores the emerging<br \/>\ntrends shaping the field, the forces driving<br \/>\nmarket instability, and the best practices for<br \/>\nnavigating this new terrain.<\/p>\n<p>EMERGING TRENDS OVERVIEW<br \/>\nIndeed, real estate valuation has now<br \/>\nevolved far beyond the traditional criteria of<br \/>\nlocation, square footage, and comparable<br \/>\nsales. It is now a multidimensional<br \/>\ndiscipline shaped by data science,<br \/>\nsustainability\/ESG imperatives, and<br \/>\nshifting consumer behaviour. As markets<br \/>\nbecome more volatile and assets more<br \/>\ncomplex, valuation professionals are<br \/>\nembracing a dynamic, interdisciplinary<br \/>\napproach that blends traditional<br \/>\nexpertise with advanced technology and<br \/>\nglobal awareness. At the heart of this<br \/>\ntransformation is the adoption of artificial <\/p>\n<p>intelligence and the evolution<br \/>\nof Automated Valuation Models <\/p>\n<p>(AVMs)\/Systems (AVSs), which<br \/>\nare redefining how property <\/p>\n<p>value is assessed, forecasted,<br \/>\nand communicated.<\/p>\n<p>Modern AVMs\/AVSs are far<br \/>\nmore sophisticated than their <\/p>\n<p>early predecessors. Today, AVMs\/<br \/>\nAVSs leverage machine learning <\/p>\n<p>algorithms to process thousands of<br \/>\nvariables in real time \u2013 from transaction <\/p>\n<p>histories and demographic shifts to<br \/>\nneighbourhood sentiment on \u2018social <\/p>\n<p>media\u2019 and mobility data. This shift<br \/>\nenables faster, more consistent, and <\/p>\n<p>scalable valuations, reducing human bias<br \/>\nand offering broader coverage across<br \/>\ndiverse markets. Predictive analytics<br \/>\nfurther enhance these capabilities by<br \/>\nforecasting future property values<br \/>\nbased on macroeconomic indicators,<br \/>\nclimate risk, and consumer behaviour.<br \/>\nFor investors, lenders, and policymakers,<br \/>\nthese tools offer a more nuanced and<br \/>\ntimely understanding of market dynamics,<br \/>\nhelping to inform decisions with greater<br \/>\nconfidence and precision.<\/p>\n<p>However, the rise of AI-driven<br \/>\nvaluation systems brings new challenges.<br \/>\nThe complexity of these models often<br \/>\nresults in opaque outputs \u2013 commonly<br \/>\nreferred to as \u201cblack-box\u201d algorithms \u2013<br \/>\nthat can be difficult to interpret, explain,<br \/>\nand justify. This lack of transparency<br \/>\nraises legitimate concerns around<br \/>\naccountability, especially in regulated<br \/>\nenvironments where valuation must be<br \/>\ndefensible and auditable. Consequently,<br \/>\nhuman oversight remains indispensable<br \/>\nand essential. Local expertise and<br \/>\nprofessional judgment are still critical,<br \/>\nparticularly in emerging or atypical<br \/>\nmarkets where qualitative factors play<br \/>\na significant role. Consumer-facing<br \/>\nplatforms like Zillow\u2019s Zestimate and<br \/>\nRedfin\u2019s Estimate illustrate both the<br \/>\npromise and limitations of AVMs. Redfin\u2019s<br \/>\nintegration with MLS data tends to yield<br \/>\nmore accurate valuations for listed<br \/>\nproperties, while Zillow\u2019s broader coverage \u2013<br \/>\nbased on public and user-submitted data \u2013<br \/>\ncan vary in reliability. These examples<br \/>\nunderscore the importance of calibration,<br \/>\ncontext, and critical evaluation when<br \/>\ndeploying automated tools.<\/p>\n<p>As markets become more<br \/>\nvolatile and assets more complex, <\/p>\n<p>valuation professionals are<br \/>\nembracing a dynamic, interdisciplinary <\/p>\n<p>approach that blends traditional<br \/>\nexpertise with advanced technology  <\/p>\n<p>and global awareness.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Human oversight remains indispensable and<br \/>\nessential. Local expertise and professional<br \/>\njudgment are still critical, particularly in emerging<br \/>\nor atypical markets where qualitative factors<br \/>\nplay a significant role.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 29Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>BLOCKCHAIN AND<br \/>\nVALUATION INNOVATION<br \/>\nAlongside AI, blockchain technology is<br \/>\nemerging as a powerful force in reshaping<br \/>\nreal estate valuation. Blockchain is a<br \/>\ndecentralized, secure, and transparent<br \/>\nledger system that records transactions<br \/>\nwithout the need for intermediaries,<br \/>\nensuring trust and efficiency. As the<br \/>\nreal estate industry undergoes a digital<br \/>\ntransformation, blockchain is also<br \/>\nreshaping how property data is recorded,<br \/>\nassessed, and transacted. <\/p>\n<p>By securing records in tamper-proof<br \/>\ndigital ledgers, blockchain reduces the<br \/>\nrisk of errors, unauthorized changes, and<br \/>\nownership disputes. It enables instant<br \/>\naccess to transaction histories, enhancing<br \/>\ntransparency and reducing fraud. Smart<br \/>\ncontracts (self-executing digital agreements<br \/>\ntriggered by predefined conditions)<br \/>\nautomate key processes such as lease<br \/>\nexecution, title transfers, and valuations.<br \/>\nThese tools streamline operations,<br \/>\nminimize reliance on paper documentation,<br \/>\nand improve speed and reliability.<\/p>\n<p>Once associated primarily with<br \/>\ncryptocurrencies, blockchain has matured<br \/>\ninto a foundational technology capable of<br \/>\nrevolutionizing industries, and real estate<br \/>\nis among the most promising. <\/p>\n<p>Canada is positioning itself as a<br \/>\nsignificant player in this evolution. Indeed,<br \/>\nmarket projections estimate that the<br \/>\nCanadian blockchain sector will grow from<br \/>\nUSD 557.2 million in 2022 to USD 81.6 billion<br \/>\nby 2030, reflecting an extraordinary <\/p>\n<p>compound annual growth rate of 88.2%.<br \/>\nThis momentum is driven by rising demand<br \/>\nfor secure, efficient, and tamper-resistant<br \/>\nsystems across industries \u2013 including<br \/>\nreal estate, where blockchain is being<br \/>\nleveraged to create immutable property<br \/>\nrecords and automate valuation processes. <\/p>\n<p>Canada\u2019s commitment to blockchain<br \/>\ninnovation is reflected not only in market<br \/>\nforecasts but also in policy direction.<br \/>\nA landmark 2023 report from the House<br \/>\nof Commons recommended a national<br \/>\nblockchain strategy and the creation<br \/>\nof regulatory sandboxes \u2013 controlled<br \/>\nenvironments for testing blockchain<br \/>\napplications in valuation and property<br \/>\ntransactions. This institutional support<br \/>\nsignals a clear intent to foster innovation<br \/>\nwhile maintaining regulatory oversight<br \/>\nand public trust. The Canadian Mortgage<br \/>\nand Housing Corporation (CMHC) is also<br \/>\nexploring blockchain for its housing finance<br \/>\necosystem, while provincial and federal<br \/>\nregulators address cryptocurrency-related<br \/>\naspects of the technology.<\/p>\n<p>Industry momentum is also accelerating,<br \/>\nwith the Toronto and Region Real Estate<br \/>\nBoard (TRREB) launching the REALM<br \/>\nplatform \u2013 now widely used across Ontario.<br \/>\nCompanies like PropTx are integrating<br \/>\nblockchain into REALM to enhance<br \/>\nproperty valuation, while Mavennet is<br \/>\nadvancing decentralized identity standards.<br \/>\nThese efforts are supported by advocacy<br \/>\ngroups such as the Canadian Blockchain<br \/>\nConsortium, which highlights blockchain\u2019s<br \/>\npotential in smart contracts, land-title <\/p>\n<p>transfers, and secure identity verification,<br \/>\nsignaling a broader shift toward digital<br \/>\ninnovation in the industry.<\/p>\n<p>So how does this apply to the valuation<br \/>\nprofession? For valuation professionals,<br \/>\nthe implications are profound. Blockchain<br \/>\noffers a secure infrastructure for<br \/>\nmanaging property data, ensuring that<br \/>\nhistorical valuation records remain<br \/>\ntamper-proof and accessible. Smart<br \/>\ncontracts can automate key aspects of<br \/>\nthe valuation process by pulling data<br \/>\nfrom verified sources \u2013 such as market<br \/>\ntrends, comparable sales, and property<br \/>\ncharacteristics \u2013 and executing predefined<br \/>\nrules to generate real-time valuations.<br \/>\nThis reduces reliance on intermediaries,<br \/>\nminimizes human error, and accelerates<br \/>\ntransaction timelines. Several platforms<br \/>\nare already integrating blockchain-based<br \/>\nvaluation models, marking a shift<br \/>\ntoward more transparent, efficient, and<br \/>\naccountable ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>TOKENISATION<br \/>\nAnother emerging trend is tokenisation,<br \/>\nwhich involves converting ownership of<br \/>\nreal estate assets into digital tokens on a<br \/>\nblockchain, allowing investors to buy<br \/>\nand sell small shares \u2013 similar to trading<br \/>\nstocks. This makes real estate more<br \/>\naccessible, increases liquidity, and<br \/>\nenables peer-to-peer transactions without<br \/>\ntraditional intermediaries. <\/p>\n<p>For appraisers, tokenisation introduces<br \/>\nnew layers of complexity. Valuation<br \/>\nmust now consider how easily those<br \/>\nshares can be traded, how ownership is<br \/>\nstructured, and how market sentiment<br \/>\naffects value. While the underlying asset<br \/>\nremains physical, its tradable nature and<br \/>\ndigital infrastructure shift the valuation<br \/>\nframework toward a hybrid model. <\/p>\n<p>Without going into further details, a<br \/>\nrecent example illustrates the trend and<br \/>\nshows how this is already happening.<br \/>\nIn March 2025, Polymesh and Ocree<br \/>\nCapital tokenised a $51.9 million<br \/>\ncommercial property in Winnipeg, giving <\/p>\n<p>EMERGING TRENDS in real estate valuation<\/p>\n<p>The convergence of AI, big data, and<br \/>\nblockchain is reshaping the very foundation of<br \/>\nproperty valuation. Professionals must now assess<br \/>\nnot only the physical attributes of real estate, but<br \/>\nalso the digital mechanisms that govern its<br \/>\nownership, exchange, and market behaviour.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 30 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>accredited investors fractional ownership<br \/>\nthrough a regulated blockchain platform.<br \/>\nThis marks a significant milestone in the<br \/>\nintegration of digital finance and real<br \/>\nestate investment.<\/p>\n<p>As Canada continues to advance its<br \/>\ndigital strategy, the valuation profession<br \/>\nstands at the threshold of a new era \u2013<br \/>\none that demands a fundamental shift in<br \/>\nmethodology. The convergence of AI, big<br \/>\ndata, and blockchain is reshaping the very<br \/>\nfoundation of property valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Professionals must now assess not<br \/>\nonly the physical attributes of real estate,<br \/>\nbut also the digital mechanisms that<br \/>\ngovern its ownership, exchange, and<br \/>\nmarket behaviour. This calls for a hybrid<br \/>\nskill set that blends traditional appraisal<br \/>\nexpertise with fluency in blockchain<br \/>\neconomics, digital asset valuation, and<br \/>\ndata-driven analytics. The future lies<br \/>\nin models that leverage the speed and<br \/>\nobjectivity of technology while preserving<br \/>\nthe insight and discernment of seasoned<br \/>\nprofessionals \u2013 especially as these<br \/>\nelements must be transparently disclosed<br \/>\nand responsibly interpreted in valuation<br \/>\nreports. In an environment marked by<br \/>\neconomic uncertainty, climate disruption,<br \/>\nand rapid technological acceleration, the<br \/>\nability to balance innovation with sound<br \/>\njudgment is no longer optional.<\/p>\n<p>ESG INTEGRATION<br \/>\nAs artificial intelligence, blockchain,<br \/>\nand tokenisation continue to reshape the<br \/>\nmechanics of real estate valuation \u2013<br \/>\nbringing speed, transparency, and<br \/>\nliquidity \u2013 another force is redefining its<br \/>\npurpose: ESG. Environmental, Social,<br \/>\nand Governance criteria are no longer<br \/>\nperipheral considerations. They are now<br \/>\ncentral to how properties are assessed,<br \/>\nfinanced, and regulated. Valuation is<br \/>\nno longer just about determining what<br \/>\na property is worth today; it is about<br \/>\nanticipating what it could be worth<br \/>\ntomorrow, and understanding the forces \u2013<br \/>\ntechnological, environmental, and societal \u2013 <\/p>\n<p>that will shape that trajectory to meet the<br \/>\nevolving demands of investors, lenders,<br \/>\nand policymakers.<\/p>\n<p>As governments and regulatory<br \/>\nbodies push for greater transparency,<br \/>\nsustainability, and long-term resilience in<br \/>\nthe built environment, valuation practices<br \/>\nmust evolve to reflect these priorities.<br \/>\nESG integration means accounting for<br \/>\nclimate risk exposure, energy efficiency,<br \/>\nsocial impact, and governance structures \u2013<br \/>\naligning financial value with broader societal<br \/>\ngoals. The International Valuation Standards<br \/>\nCouncil (IVSC) has begun formalizing ESG<br \/>\nwithin its global standards, encouraging<br \/>\nvaluers to consider both qualitative and<br \/>\nquantitative ESG impacts where relevant.<br \/>\nThis shift is not just technical. It redefines<br \/>\nvalue as a function of responsibility,<br \/>\nresilience, and relevance.<\/p>\n<p>While both Canada and Europe<br \/>\nrecognize the strategic importance of<br \/>\nESG, their approaches reflect distinct<br \/>\nregulatory environments and market<br \/>\nmaturity. In Canada, ESG adoption is<br \/>\nlargely market-driven and not mandated,<br \/>\nwith increasing use of green certifications<br \/>\nlike LEED and BOMA, and growing<br \/>\nattention to climate resilience and social<br \/>\nequity. However, standardized ESG<br \/>\nreporting and valuation methodologies<br \/>\nremain limited, leaving room for<br \/>\ninterpretation and inconsistency. Europe,<br \/>\nby contrast, is regulation-led. The EU<br \/>\nTaxonomy and Corporate Sustainability<br \/>\nReporting Directive (CSRD) mandate ESG<br \/>\ndisclosures, while energy performance<br \/>\nstandards restrict leasing of inefficient<br \/>\nbuildings. Appraisers in Europe use<br \/>\nstructured frameworks to embed<br \/>\nsustainability into financial models,<br \/>\nmaking ESG a core part of asset value<br \/>\nrather than an optional enhancement.<\/p>\n<p>This evolving emphasis on ESG marks<br \/>\na natural progression in the broader<br \/>\ntransformation of valuation \u2013 where<br \/>\ntechnology meets responsibility, and<br \/>\ndata-driven precision is paired with<br \/>\nethical foresight.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION:<br \/>\nNAVIGATING THE NEW NORMAL<br \/>\nOverall, in today\u2019s rapidly evolving<br \/>\nlandscape, real estate valuation is no<br \/>\nlonger a static snapshot \u2013 it is a dynamic,<br \/>\nmultidimensional discipline shaped by<br \/>\ntechnology, ethics, and global forces.<br \/>\nThe convergence of AI, blockchain, and<br \/>\ntokenisation is transforming how value is<br \/>\nmeasured, exchanged, and understood,<br \/>\nwhile ESG integration ensures that<br \/>\nvaluation reflects not only financial<br \/>\nperformance, but also long-term resilience<br \/>\nand societal impact. As we stand in 2025,<br \/>\nthe metaverse may have sparked the<br \/>\nconversation, but it is the real-world<br \/>\nchallenges \u2013 climate change, economic<br \/>\ninstability, and digital acceleration \u2013 that<br \/>\nare defining the future of valuation.<\/p>\n<p>In this new paradigm, valuation<br \/>\nprofessionals are no longer just market<br \/>\nanalysts \u2013 they are strategic advisors<br \/>\nnavigating complexity with clarity.<br \/>\nBalancing accuracy with volatility requires<br \/>\nmore than better tools; it demands a<br \/>\nmindset shift: from rigid formulas to<br \/>\nflexible frameworks, from isolated<br \/>\nexpertise to collaborative intelligence.<br \/>\nThe profession now calls for hybrid skill<br \/>\nsets that blend data science with human<br \/>\ninsight, capable of anticipating tomorrow\u2019s<br \/>\nworth through the lens of transparency,<br \/>\nethics, and adaptability. Whether you are an<br \/>\ninvestor, developer, or valuer, the message<br \/>\nis clear: embrace the tools, respect the<br \/>\nrisks, and never stop learning. <\/p>\n<p>Whether you are an investor, developer, or<br \/>\nvaluer, the message is clear: embrace the tools,<br \/>\nrespect the risks, and never stop learning.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 31Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<br \/>\nEntre 2020 et 2022, le secteur immobilier a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 captiv\u00e9 par l\u2019essor fulgurant du m\u00e9tavers.<br \/>\nDes parcelles virtuelles de terrain sur<br \/>\ndes plateformes comme Decentraland et<br \/>\nThe Sandbox se vendaient \u00e0 des millions<br \/>\nde dollars, suscitant un d\u00e9bat intense sur<br \/>\nl\u2019avenir de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la valeur dans<br \/>\nles environnements num\u00e9riques. Lors de la<br \/>\nconf\u00e9rence annuelle virtuelle de l\u2019industrie<br \/>\n\u00e0 Edmonton, une pr\u00e9sentation a explor\u00e9<br \/>\nce virage radical vers les actifs digitaux et<br \/>\nles implications pour les professionnels<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation. Une question centrale<br \/>\ns\u2019est impos\u00e9e : comment \u00e9valuer des<br \/>\nbiens qui existent enti\u00e8rement dans des<br \/>\nenvironnements virtuels, o\u00f9 les crit\u00e8res<br \/>\ntraditionnels \u2013 tels que l\u2019emplacement, l\u2019\u00e9tat<br \/>\nphysique ou les ventes comparables \u2013 ne<br \/>\ns\u2019appliquent plus ? C\u2019\u00e9tait un moment \u00e0 la<br \/>\nfois captivant et incertain, o\u00f9 la profession<br \/>\na commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9imaginer ses principes <\/p>\n<p>fondamentaux face \u00e0 un monde num\u00e9rique<br \/>\nen pleine mutation.<\/p>\n<p>En 2025, bien que le m\u00e9tavers demeure<br \/>\nun investissement marginal, presque rel\u00e9gu\u00e9<br \/>\nau second plan pour ne pas dire oubli\u00e9,<br \/>\nl\u2019attention du secteur immobilier<br \/>\ns\u2019est largement recentr\u00e9e sur les actifs<br \/>\ntangibles\/physiques \u2013 d\u00e9sormais plus<br \/>\ncomplexes, pilot\u00e9s par l\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es,<br \/>\net fa\u00e7onn\u00e9s par les transformations<br \/>\ntechnologiques, les incertitudes climatiques<br \/>\net les turbulences \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce contexte en pleine mutation,<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re conna\u00eet une<br \/>\nprofonde transformation. Le d\u00e9fi est clair :<br \/>\nmaintenir la pr\u00e9cision et la rigueur tout<br \/>\nen faisant preuve d\u2019adaptabilit\u00e9 dans un<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 devenu plus volatile et impr\u00e9visible<br \/>\nque jamais. Des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\naliment\u00e9s par l\u2019intelligence artificielle aux<br \/>\noutils d\u2019analyse des risques climatiques, les<br \/>\nm\u00e9thodes et les philosophies qui guident <\/p>\n<p>TENDANCES<br \/>\n\u00c9MERGENTES<br \/>\ndans l\u00b4\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p>PAR AYDA CHAMCHAM,<br \/>\nMSC, FRICS, \u00c9. PRO., AACI<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 32 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9valuation sont en pleine red\u00e9finition.<br \/>\nCet article explore les tendances \u00e9mergentes<br \/>\nqui fa\u00e7onnent le domaine, les facteurs qui<br \/>\nalimentent l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 du march\u00e9, ainsi que<br \/>\nles meilleures pratiques pour naviguer dans<br \/>\nce nouvel environnement.<\/p>\n<p>APER\u00c7U DES TENDANCES \u00c9MERGENTES<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re a d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\nlargement d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les crit\u00e8res traditionnels<br \/>\ntels que la localisation, la superficie et les<br \/>\nventes comparables. Elle est devenue une<br \/>\ndiscipline multidimensionnelle, fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e<br \/>\npar la science des donn\u00e9es, les imp\u00e9ratifs<br \/>\nde durabilit\u00e9\/ESG et l\u2019\u00e9volution du<br \/>\ncomportement des consommateurs. Face \u00e0<br \/>\ndes march\u00e9s plus volatils et des actifs plus<br \/>\ncomplexes, les professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nadoptent une approche dynamique et<br \/>\ninterdisciplinaire, combinant expertise<br \/>\ntraditionnelle, technologies avanc\u00e9es<br \/>\net conscience globale. Au c\u0153ur de cette <\/p>\n<p>transformation se trouvent<br \/>\nl\u2019intelligence artificielle et <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9volution des mod\u00e8les\/<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9valuation <\/p>\n<p>automatis\u00e9e (AVM\/AVS), qui<br \/>\nred\u00e9finissent la mani\u00e8re dont <\/p>\n<p>la valeur des biens est analys\u00e9e,<br \/>\nanticip\u00e9e et communiqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Les AVM\/AVS modernes<br \/>\nsont bien plus sophistiqu\u00e9s que <\/p>\n<p>leurs pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs. Aujourd\u2019hui,<br \/>\nils exploitent des algorithmes <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019apprentissage automatique pour<br \/>\ntraiter des milliers de variables en <\/p>\n<p>temps r\u00e9el \u2013 allant des historiques<br \/>\nde transactions aux tendances <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9mographiques, en passant par le<br \/>\nressenti des quartiers sur les r\u00e9seaux <\/p>\n<p>sociaux et les donn\u00e9es de mobilit\u00e9. Cette<br \/>\n\u00e9volution permet des \u00e9valuations plus<br \/>\nrapides, coh\u00e9rentes et \u00e9volutives, r\u00e9duisant<br \/>\nles erreurs humaines et couvrant une plus<br \/>\ngrande diversit\u00e9 de march\u00e9s. L\u2019analyse<br \/>\npr\u00e9dictive renforce encore ces capacit\u00e9s en<br \/>\nanticipant les valeurs futures des biens selon<br \/>\ndes indicateurs macro\u00e9conomiques, les<br \/>\nrisques climatiques et les comportements<br \/>\ndes consommateurs. Pour les investisseurs,<br \/>\npr\u00eateurs et d\u00e9cideurs publics, ces outils<br \/>\noffrent une compr\u00e9hension plus fine et plus<br \/>\nr\u00e9active des dynamiques du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, l\u2019essor des syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation bas\u00e9s sur l\u2019Intelligence<br \/>\nArtificielle soul\u00e8ve de nouveaux d\u00e9fis.<br \/>\nLa complexit\u00e9 de ces mod\u00e8les g\u00e9n\u00e8re <\/p>\n<p>souvent des r\u00e9sultats opaques \u2013 appel\u00e9s<br \/>\n\u00ab algorithmes bo\u00eetes noires \u00bb \u2013 difficiles \u00e0<br \/>\ninterpr\u00e9ter, expliquer et justifier. Ce manque<br \/>\nde transparence suscite des pr\u00e9occupations<br \/>\nl\u00e9gitimes en mati\u00e8re de responsabilit\u00e9,<br \/>\nnotamment dans les environnements<br \/>\nr\u00e9glement\u00e9s o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9valuation doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nd\u00e9fendable et v\u00e9rifiable. Ainsi, la supervision<br \/>\nhumaine reste indispensable. L\u2019expertise<br \/>\nlocale et le jugement professionnel<br \/>\ndemeurent essentiels, en particulier dans<br \/>\nles march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents ou atypiques o\u00f9 les<br \/>\nfacteurs qualitatifs jouent un r\u00f4le majeur.<br \/>\nDes plateformes grand public comme Zillow<br \/>\n(Zestimate) et Redfin (Estimate) illustrent<br \/>\n\u00e0 la fois le potentiel et les limites des AVM.<br \/>\nL\u2019int\u00e9gration de Redfin aux donn\u00e9es MLS<br \/>\ntend \u00e0 produire des \u00e9valuations plus pr\u00e9cises<br \/>\npour les biens list\u00e9s, tandis que la couverture<br \/>\nplus large de Zillow \u2013 bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es<br \/>\npubliques et soumises par les utilisateurs \u2013<br \/>\npeut varier en fiabilit\u00e9. Ces exemples<br \/>\nsoulignent l\u2019importance de la calibration, du<br \/>\ncontexte et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation critique lors du<br \/>\nd\u00e9ploiement d\u2019outils automatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>BLOCKCHAIN ETINNOVATION<br \/>\nDANS L\u2019\u00c9VALUATION<br \/>\nAux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019IA, la technologie blockchain<br \/>\ns\u2019impose comme une force majeure dans la<br \/>\ntransformation de l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re.<br \/>\nSyst\u00e8me d\u00e9centralis\u00e9, s\u00e9curis\u00e9 et<br \/>\ntransparent, la blockchain enregistre<br \/>\nles transactions sans interm\u00e9diaires,<br \/>\ngarantissant confiance et efficacit\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<p>Face \u00e0 des march\u00e9s plus volatils<br \/>\net des actifs plus complexes, <\/p>\n<p>les professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nadoptent une approche dynamique et <\/p>\n<p>interdisciplinaire, combinant expertise<br \/>\ntraditionnelle, technologies avanc\u00e9es  <\/p>\n<p>et conscience globale.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>La supervision humaine reste indispensable.<br \/>\nL\u2019expertise locale et le jugement professionnel<br \/>\ndemeurent essentiels, en particulier dans les<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9s \u00e9mergents ou atypiques o\u00f9 les facteurs<br \/>\nqualitatifs jouent un r\u00f4le majeur.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 33Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Alors que le secteur immobilier se<br \/>\nnum\u00e9rise, la blockchain red\u00e9finit la<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re dont les donn\u00e9es fonci\u00e8res sont<br \/>\nenregistr\u00e9es, analys\u00e9es et \u00e9chang\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>En s\u00e9curisant les registres dans des<br \/>\nregistres num\u00e9riques infalsifiables, la<br \/>\nblockchain r\u00e9duit les risques d\u2019erreurs, de<br \/>\nmodifications non autoris\u00e9es et de litiges de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9. Elle permet un acc\u00e8s instantan\u00e9<br \/>\naux historiques de transactions, renfor\u00e7ant<br \/>\nla transparence et limitant la fraude. Les<br \/>\ncontrats intelligents (accords num\u00e9riques<br \/>\nauto-ex\u00e9cutables selon des conditions<br \/>\npr\u00e9d\u00e9finies) automatisent des processus<br \/>\ncl\u00e9s tels que la signature de baux, les<br \/>\ntransferts de titres et les \u00e9valuations. Ces<br \/>\noutils rationalisent les op\u00e9rations, r\u00e9duisent<br \/>\nla d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la documentation papier et<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorent la rapidit\u00e9 et la fiabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Autrefois associ\u00e9e principalement<br \/>\naux cryptomonnaies, la blockchain est<br \/>\ndevenue une technologie fondamentale<br \/>\ncapable de r\u00e9volutionner de nombreux<br \/>\nsecteurs \u2013 et l\u2019immobilier figure parmi les<br \/>\nplus prometteurs. Le Canada se positionne<br \/>\ncomme un acteur majeur de cette \u00e9volution.<br \/>\nLes projections estiment que le secteur<br \/>\ncanadien de la blockchain passera de<br \/>\n557,2 millions USD en 2022 \u00e0 81,6 milliards USD<br \/>\nen 2030, avec un taux de croissance annuel<br \/>\ncompos\u00e9 de 88,2 %. Cette dynamique est<br \/>\nport\u00e9e par une demande croissante de<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8mes s\u00e9curis\u00e9s, efficaces et infalsifiables<br \/>\ndans divers secteurs, y compris l\u2019immobilier,<br \/>\no\u00f9 la blockchain est utilis\u00e9e pour cr\u00e9er<br \/>\ndes registres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 immuables et<br \/>\nautomatiser les processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019engagement du Canada en faveur<br \/>\nde l\u2019innovation blockchain se refl\u00e8te non<br \/>\nseulement dans les pr\u00e9visions de march\u00e9,<br \/>\nmais aussi dans ses orientations politiques.<br \/>\nUn rapport marquant de la Chambre <\/p>\n<p>des communes en 2023 a recommand\u00e9<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie nationale sur la<br \/>\nblockchain et la cr\u00e9ation de \u00ab bacs \u00e0 sable<br \/>\nr\u00e9glementaires \u00bb \u2013 nm des environnements<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4l\u00e9s pour tester les applications<br \/>\nblockchain dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation et les<br \/>\ntransactions immobili\u00e8res. Ce soutien<br \/>\ninstitutionnel t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une volont\u00e9 claire<br \/>\nde favoriser l\u2019innovation tout en assurant la<br \/>\nsupervision r\u00e9glementaire et la confiance du<br \/>\npublic. La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ques<br \/>\net de logement (SCHL) explore \u00e9galement<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation de la blockchain dans son<br \/>\n\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de financement du logement,<br \/>\ntandis que les autorit\u00e9s provinciales et<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rales s\u2019attaquent aux aspects li\u00e9s<br \/>\naux cryptomonnaies.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9lan digital s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re \u00e9galement,<br \/>\navec le Toronto and Region Real Estate<br \/>\nBoard (TRREB) qui a lanc\u00e9 la plateforme<br \/>\nREALM \u2013 d\u00e9sormais largement utilis\u00e9e en<br \/>\nOntario. Des entreprises comme PropTx<br \/>\nint\u00e8grent la blockchain \u00e0 REALM pour<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re, tandis<br \/>\nque Mavennet d\u00e9veloppe des standards<br \/>\nd\u2019identit\u00e9 d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e. Ces initiatives sont<br \/>\nsoutenues par des groupes de d\u00e9fense tels<br \/>\nque le Canadian Blockchain Consortium, qui<br \/>\nmettent en avant le potentiel de la blockchain<br \/>\ndans les contrats intelligents, les transferts<br \/>\nde titres fonciers et la v\u00e9rification s\u00e9curis\u00e9e<br \/>\nde l\u2019identit\u00e9, signalant un virage plus large<br \/>\nvers l\u2019innovation num\u00e9rique dans le secteur.<\/p>\n<p>Alors, qu\u2019est-ce que cela signifie pour la<br \/>\nprofession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur ? Les implications<br \/>\nsont profondes. La blockchain offre une<br \/>\ninfrastructure s\u00e9curis\u00e9e pour la gestion<br \/>\ndes donn\u00e9es immobili\u00e8res, garantissant<br \/>\nque les historiques d\u2019\u00e9valuation restent<br \/>\ninfalsifiables et accessibles. Les contrats<br \/>\nintelligents peuvent automatiser des<br \/>\naspects cl\u00e9s du processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation en <\/p>\n<p>extrayant des donn\u00e9es de sources v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u2013<br \/>\ntelles que les tendances du march\u00e9, les ventes<br \/>\ncomparables et les caract\u00e9ristiques des biens \u2013<br \/>\net en ex\u00e9cutant des r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies pour<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rer des \u00e9valuations en temps r\u00e9el. Cela<br \/>\nr\u00e9duit la d\u00e9pendance aux interm\u00e9diaires,<br \/>\nminimise les erreurs humaines et acc\u00e9l\u00e8re les<br \/>\nd\u00e9lais de transaction. Plusieurs plateformes<br \/>\nint\u00e8grent d\u00e9j\u00e0 des mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9valuation bas\u00e9s<br \/>\nsur la blockchain, marquant une transition vers<br \/>\ndes \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes plus transparents, efficaces<br \/>\net responsables.<\/p>\n<p>TOKENISATION<br \/>\nUne autre tendance \u00e9mergente est la<br \/>\ntokenisation, qui consiste \u00e0 convertir la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019actifs immobiliers en jetons<br \/>\nnum\u00e9riques sur une blockchain, permettant<br \/>\naux investisseurs d\u2019acheter et de vendre de<br \/>\npetites parts \u2013 comme des actions. Cela rend<br \/>\nl\u2019investissement immobilier plus accessible,<br \/>\naugmente la liquidit\u00e9 et facilite les transactions<br \/>\nentre pairs sans interm\u00e9diaires traditionnels.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les \u00e9valuateurs, la tokenisation<br \/>\nintroduit de nouvelles couches de complexit\u00e9.<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00e9valuation doit d\u00e9sormais prendre en<br \/>\ncompte la facilit\u00e9 de n\u00e9gociation des jetons, la<br \/>\nstructure de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019impact du sentiment<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9. Bien que l\u2019actif sous-jacent<br \/>\nreste physique, sa nature n\u00e9gociable et son<br \/>\ninfrastructure num\u00e9rique modifient le cadre<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation vers un mod\u00e8le hybride.<\/p>\n<p>Sans entrer dans les d\u00e9tails techniques, un<br \/>\nexemple r\u00e9cent illustre cette tendance :<br \/>\nen mars 2025, Polymesh et Ocree Capital<br \/>\nont tokenis\u00e9 un bien commercial de<br \/>\n51,9 millions de dollars \u00e0 Winnipeg, offrant<br \/>\naux investisseurs accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s une propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nfractionn\u00e9e via une plateforme blockchain<br \/>\nr\u00e9glement\u00e9e. Cela repr\u00e9sente une \u00e9tape<br \/>\nimportante dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration de la finance<br \/>\nnum\u00e9rique et de l\u2019investissement immobilier.<\/p>\n<p>TENDANCES \u00c9MERGENTES dans l\u00b4\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p>La convergence de l\u2019IA, des m\u00e9gadonn\u00e9es et de la blockchain red\u00e9finit<br \/>\nles fondements m\u00eames de l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re. Les professionnels<br \/>\ndoivent d\u00e9sormais \u00e9valuer non seulement les attributs physiques des biens,<br \/>\nmais aussi les m\u00e9canismes num\u00e9riques qui r\u00e9gissent leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9, leur<br \/>\n\u00e9change et leur comportement sur le march\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 34 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Alors que le Canada poursuit sa strat\u00e9gie<br \/>\nnum\u00e9rique, la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur se<br \/>\ntrouve \u00e0 l\u2019aube d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e8re \u2013 une \u00e8re<br \/>\nqui exige un changement fondamental<br \/>\nde m\u00e9thodologie. La convergence de l\u2019IA,<br \/>\ndes m\u00e9gadonn\u00e9es et de la blockchain<br \/>\nred\u00e9finit les fondements m\u00eames de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Les professionnels doivent d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\n\u00e9valuer non seulement les attributs physiques<br \/>\ndes biens, mais aussi les m\u00e9canismes<br \/>\nnum\u00e9riques qui r\u00e9gissent leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9,<br \/>\nleur \u00e9change et leur comportement sur le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9. Cela n\u00e9cessite un ensemble de<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tences hybrides, combinant expertise<br \/>\ntraditionnelle en \u00e9valuation, ma\u00eetrise de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9conomie de la blockchain, \u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nactifs num\u00e9riques et analyse des donn\u00e9es.<br \/>\nL\u2019avenir repose sur des mod\u00e8les qui allient<br \/>\nla rapidit\u00e9 et l\u2019objectivit\u00e9 de la technologie<br \/>\n\u00e0 la perspicacit\u00e9 et au discernement des<br \/>\nprofessionnels exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s \u2013 surtout<br \/>\nlorsque ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments doivent \u00eatre divulgu\u00e9s<br \/>\nde mani\u00e8re transparente et interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\nde fa\u00e7on responsable dans les rapports<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation. Dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par<br \/>\nl\u2019incertitude \u00e9conomique, les perturbations<br \/>\nclimatiques et l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration technologique, la<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer innovation et jugement<br \/>\n\u00e9clair\u00e9 n\u2019est plus une option.<\/p>\n<p>INT\u00c9GRATION ESG<br \/>\nAlors que l\u2019intelligence artificielle, la<br \/>\nblockchain et la tokenisation continuent<br \/>\nde transformer les m\u00e9canismes de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re \u2013 en apportant<br \/>\nrapidit\u00e9, transparence et liquidit\u00e9 \u2013 une<br \/>\nautre force red\u00e9finit son objectif : l\u2019ESG. Les<br \/>\ncrit\u00e8res environnementaux, sociaux et de<br \/>\ngouvernance ne sont plus des consid\u00e9rations<br \/>\np\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. Ils sont d\u00e9sormais au c\u0153ur<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation, du financement et de la<br \/>\nr\u00e9gulation des biens immobiliers. L\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nne consiste plus seulement \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la<br \/>\nvaleur actuelle d\u2019un bien, mais \u00e0 anticiper sa<br \/>\nvaleur future et \u00e0 comprendre les forces \u2013<br \/>\ntechnologiques, environnementales et <\/p>\n<p>soci\u00e9tales \u2013 qui fa\u00e7onneront cette trajectoire<br \/>\npour r\u00e9pondre aux attentes des investisseurs,<br \/>\ndes pr\u00eateurs et des d\u00e9cideurs publics.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 mesure que les gouvernements et les<br \/>\nr\u00e9gulateurs exigent plus de transparence,<br \/>\nde durabilit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9silience \u00e0 long terme<br \/>\ndans l\u2019environnement b\u00e2ti, les pratiques<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation doivent \u00e9voluer pour refl\u00e9ter<br \/>\nces priorit\u00e9s. L\u2019int\u00e9gration ESG implique de<br \/>\nprendre en compte les risques climatiques,<br \/>\nl\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, l\u2019impact social et<br \/>\nles structures de gouvernance \u2013 alignant la<br \/>\nvaleur financi\u00e8re sur des objectifs soci\u00e9taux<br \/>\nplus larges. Le Conseil international des<br \/>\nnormes d\u2019\u00e9valuation (IVSC) a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nformaliser l\u2019ESG dans ses normes mondiales,<br \/>\nencourageant les \u00e9valuateurs \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer les<br \/>\nimpacts ESG qualitatifs et quantitatifs lorsque<br \/>\ncela est pertinent. Ce changement n\u2019est pas<br \/>\nseulement technique. Il red\u00e9finit la valeur<br \/>\ncomme une fonction de responsabilit\u00e9, de<br \/>\nr\u00e9silience et de pertinence.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que le Canada et l\u2019Europe<br \/>\nreconnaissent tous deux l\u2019importance<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gique de l\u2019ESG, leurs approches<br \/>\nrefl\u00e8tent des environnements<br \/>\nr\u00e9glementaires et des maturit\u00e9s de march\u00e9<br \/>\ndistincts. Au Canada, l\u2019adoption de l\u2019ESG<br \/>\nest principalement guid\u00e9e par le march\u00e9<br \/>\net non impos\u00e9e, avec une utilisation<br \/>\ncroissante de certifications vertes comme<br \/>\nLEED et BOMA, et une attention accrue \u00e0 la<br \/>\nr\u00e9silience climatique et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 sociale.<br \/>\nToutefois, les m\u00e9thodes de reporting<br \/>\nESG et les m\u00e9thodologies d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nstandardis\u00e9es restent limit\u00e9es, laissant<br \/>\nplace \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation et \u00e0 l\u2019incoh\u00e9rence.<br \/>\nL\u2019Europe, en revanche, adopte une<br \/>\napproche r\u00e9glementaire. La taxonomie<br \/>\nde l\u2019UE et la directive sur la publication<br \/>\nd\u2019informations en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9<br \/>\n(CSRD) imposent des divulgations ESG,<br \/>\ntandis que les normes de performance<br \/>\n\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique restreignent la location de<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents inefficaces. Les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\neurop\u00e9ens utilisent des cadres structur\u00e9s<br \/>\npour int\u00e9grer la durabilit\u00e9 dans les mod\u00e8les <\/p>\n<p>financiers, faisant de l\u2019ESG une composante<br \/>\nessentielle de la valeur des actifs plut\u00f4t<br \/>\nqu\u2019un simple compl\u00e9ment.<\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9volution de l\u2019ESG s\u2019inscrit<br \/>\ndans une transformation plus large de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation &#8211; o\u00f9 la technologie rencontre<br \/>\nla responsabilit\u00e9, et o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9cision des<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es s\u2019allie \u00e0 la pr\u00e9voyance \u00e9thique.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION : NAVIGUER<br \/>\nDANS LA NOUVELLE NORMALIT\u00c9<br \/>\nDans le paysage actuel en constante<br \/>\n\u00e9volution, l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re n\u2019est plus<br \/>\nune photographie fig\u00e9e \u2013 c\u2019est une discipline<br \/>\ndynamique et multidimensionnelle, fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e<br \/>\npar la technologie, l\u2019\u00e9thique et les forces<br \/>\nmondiales. La convergence de l\u2019IA, de la<br \/>\nblockchain et de la tokenisation transforme<br \/>\nla mani\u00e8re dont la valeur est mesur\u00e9e,<br \/>\n\u00e9chang\u00e9e et comprise, tandis que l\u2019int\u00e9gration<br \/>\nde l\u2019ESG garantit que l\u2019\u00e9valuation refl\u00e8te<br \/>\nnon seulement la performance financi\u00e8re,<br \/>\nmais aussi la r\u00e9silience \u00e0 long terme et<br \/>\nl\u2019impact soci\u00e9tal. En 2025, si le m\u00e9tavers a<br \/>\nlanc\u00e9 la conversation, ce sont les d\u00e9fis bien<br \/>\nr\u00e9els \u2013 changement climatique, instabilit\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique et acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration num\u00e9rique \u2013 qui<br \/>\nd\u00e9finissent l\u2019avenir de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce nouveau paradigme, les<br \/>\nprofessionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation ne sont plus<br \/>\nde simples analystes du march\u00e9 \u2013 ce sont<br \/>\ndes conseillers strat\u00e9giques capables de<br \/>\nnaviguer dans la complexit\u00e9 avec clart\u00e9.<br \/>\n\u00c9quilibrer pr\u00e9cision et volatilit\u00e9 exige plus<br \/>\nque de meilleurs outils ; cela n\u00e9cessite<br \/>\nun changement de mentalit\u00e9 : passer de<br \/>\nformules rigides \u00e0 des cadres flexibles,<br \/>\nd\u2019une expertise isol\u00e9e \u00e0 une intelligence<br \/>\ncollaborative. La profession exige d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\ndes comp\u00e9tences hybrides qui allient science<br \/>\ndes donn\u00e9es et intuition humaine, capables<br \/>\nd\u2019anticiper la valeur de demain \u00e0 travers le<br \/>\nprisme de la transparence, de l\u2019\u00e9thique et de<br \/>\nl\u2019adaptabilit\u00e9. Que vous soyez investisseur,<br \/>\npromoteur ou \u00e9valuateur, le message est<br \/>\nclair : adoptez les outils, respectez les<br \/>\nrisques et ne cessez jamais d\u2019apprendre. <\/p>\n<p>Que vous soyez investisseur, promoteur ou \u00e9valuateur, le message est clair :<br \/>\nadoptez les outils, respectez les risques et ne cessez jamais d\u2019apprendre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 35Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Mass impact:<br \/>\ninfluences, transitions, and <\/p>\n<p>Candidate opportunities<br \/>\nin mass appraisal<\/p>\n<p>BY HASSAAN USMANI,<br \/>\nAIC CANDIDATE MEMBER<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 36 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<br \/>\nReal estate is undeniably one of the<br \/>\nworld\u2019s most impactful asset classes,<br \/>\nyet its true value often gets obscured<br \/>\namidst fragmented data and varied<br \/>\ninterpretations. Mass appraisal addresses<br \/>\nthis challenge head-on, producing reliable,<br \/>\nconsistent valuations across vast property <\/p>\n<p>portfolios and diverse communities.<br \/>\nAs markets grow and regulatory <\/p>\n<p>requirements become more complex,<br \/>\nskilled professionals in mass <\/p>\n<p>appraisal have become more vital<br \/>\nthan ever.<\/p>\n<p>THE MASS<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL MINDSET<br \/>\nUnlike single-property<br \/>\nassessments, mass appraisal<br \/>\ninvolves handling extensive<br \/>\ndatasets, from building permits<br \/>\nto detailed market transactions.<br \/>\nAssessors in this field leverage<br \/>\nadvanced statistical models<br \/>\nlike multiple regression<br \/>\nanalysis and machine learning,<br \/>\nwhile maintaining stringent<br \/>\nquality controls and adhering<br \/>\nto intricate legal frameworks. <\/p>\n<p>This comprehensive approach<br \/>\nensures efficient, scalable <\/p>\n<p>valuations that support fair<br \/>\ntaxation, municipal financing, and <\/p>\n<p>overall community development.<\/p>\n<p>MY PERSONAL TRANSITION<br \/>\nTO MASS APPRAISAL<\/p>\n<p>I began my appraisal career at a single-<br \/>\nproperty valuation firm. While rewarding, <\/p>\n<p>I quickly realized I was seeking more. I<br \/>\nwanted to stretch myself professionally<br \/>\nand personally \u2013 to grow beyond traditional<br \/>\nboundaries. Mass appraisal offered<br \/>\nprecisely that challenge. I was drawn<br \/>\nby the promise of rigorous statistical<br \/>\nanalysis, the intricacy of sophisticated legal <\/p>\n<p>arguments in assessment appeals, and the<br \/>\nresponsibility of making nuanced decisions<br \/>\nabout property values within a broad urban<br \/>\ncontext. This multifaceted role allowed me<br \/>\nto push my analytical skills, engage deeply<br \/>\nwith policy and data science, and refine<br \/>\nmy decision-making abilities in ways a<br \/>\nconventional appraisal role could not.<\/p>\n<p>CAREER DIVERSITY AND GROWTH<br \/>\nOne of the most appealing aspects of mass<br \/>\nappraisal is the professional variety it<br \/>\nprovides. Candidate Members regularly<br \/>\ninteract with cutting-edge geospatial<br \/>\nanalytics, statistical modeling, public<br \/>\npolicy, and stakeholder engagement.<br \/>\nFrom residential and commercial appraisal<br \/>\nto policy analysis, appeals management, and<br \/>\nspecialized assessments (e.g., agricultural<br \/>\nor commercial strata units), mass appraisal<br \/>\npositions offer continuous professional<br \/>\ngrowth and diverse experiences.<\/p>\n<p>MENTORSHIP AND<br \/>\nPROFESSIONAL SUPPORT<br \/>\nMuch like traditional appraisal pathways,<br \/>\nmentorship in mass appraisal plays a<br \/>\ncrucial role. However, in a mass appraisal<br \/>\nenvironment, one is not only receiving<br \/>\nmentorship from seasoned AACI Members,<br \/>\nbut also designated members from IAAO<br \/>\n(International Association of Assessing<br \/>\nOfficers), and province-specific bodies<br \/>\nlike SAAA (Saskatchewan Assessment<br \/>\nAppraisers Association). Designated<br \/>\nMembers generously share their expertise,<br \/>\nguiding Candidates through complex<br \/>\nmodel-building, validation procedures, and<br \/>\nanomaly detection in data. The supportive<br \/>\nand collaborative culture within the <\/p>\n<p>mass appraisal environment encourages<br \/>\nknowledge-sharing, peer feedback, and<br \/>\nongoing professional development, all of<br \/>\nwhich build credibility and confidence among<br \/>\naspiring mass appraisal professionals.<\/p>\n<p>INDUSTRY DEMAND AND OPPORTUNITIES<br \/>\nWith ongoing advancements in automated<br \/>\nvaluation models, public availability of<br \/>\nmapping data, and increased scrutiny over<br \/>\nequitable property taxation, the demand<br \/>\nfor skilled mass appraisal professionals<br \/>\ncontinues to grow. However, there remains<br \/>\na noticeable shortage of designated<br \/>\nappraisers capable of seamlessly blending<br \/>\ntechnical expertise with policy acumen.<br \/>\nThis gap creates significant career<br \/>\nopportunities for Candidate Members, such<br \/>\nas municipal leadership roles, advisory<br \/>\npositions, system implementation leads,<br \/>\nand influential roles within AIC committees.<\/p>\n<p>CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROFESSION<br \/>\nMass appraisal professionals are increasingly<br \/>\nshaping the appraisal profession beyond<br \/>\nmerely managing datasets. Opportunities<br \/>\nabound to serve on municipal assessment<br \/>\nboards, contribute to the development<br \/>\nof national valuation standards, mentor<br \/>\nupcoming appraisers, and drive innovations<br \/>\ntoward transparent, automated, and<br \/>\nequitable mass valuation methodologies.<\/p>\n<p>FINAL REFLECTIONS<br \/>\nEntering mass appraisal is more than<br \/>\na career choice \u2013 it is a commitment to<br \/>\ncontinuous personal and professional<br \/>\nevolution. It calls for precision, adaptability,<br \/>\nand exceptional interpersonal skills. For me,<br \/>\nthe move into mass appraisal has not only<br \/>\nsharpened my analytical and policy-oriented<br \/>\nabilities, but has also allowed me to make<br \/>\na tangible impact on my community. It is<br \/>\na dynamic field that challenges, engages,<br \/>\nand fulfills those passionate about fairness,<br \/>\ninnovation, and growth on a scale. <\/p>\n<p>Entering mass appraisal is more than a career<br \/>\nchoice, it is a commitment to continuous personal<br \/>\nand professional evolution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is a dynamic field that challenges, engages,<br \/>\nand fulfills those passionate about fairness,<br \/>\ninnovation, and growth on a scale.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 37Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Impact de masse :<br \/>\ninfluences, transitions et opportunit\u00e9s <\/p>\n<p>pour les stagiaires<br \/>\nen \u00e9valuation de masse<\/p>\n<p>PAR HASSAAN USMANI,<br \/>\nMEMBRE STAGIAIRE DE L\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 38 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<br \/>\nL\u2019immobilier est ind\u00e9niablement l\u2019une<br \/>\ndes classes d\u2019actifs les plus influentes au<br \/>\nmonde, mais sa valeur r\u00e9elle est souvent<br \/>\noccult\u00e9e par des donn\u00e9es fragment\u00e9es et<br \/>\ndes interpr\u00e9tations vari\u00e9es. L\u2019\u00e9valuation de<br \/>\nmasse rel\u00e8ve ce d\u00e9fi de front, en produisant<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuations fiables et coh\u00e9rentes<br \/>\npour de vastes portefeuilles immobiliers<br \/>\net des communaut\u00e9s diverses. \u00c0 mesure<br \/>\nque les march\u00e9s se d\u00e9veloppent et que les <\/p>\n<p>exigences r\u00e9glementaires deviennent plus<br \/>\ncomplexes, les professionnels qualifi\u00e9s <\/p>\n<p>en \u00e9valuation de masse sont devenus<br \/>\nplus indispensables que jamais.<\/p>\n<p>LA FA\u00c7ON DE PENSER EN<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATION DE MASSE<br \/>\nContrairement aux \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nde biens immobiliers individuels,<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse implique le<br \/>\ntraitement de vastes ensembles<br \/>\nde donn\u00e9es, allant des permis<br \/>\nde construire aux transactions<br \/>\nd\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur le march\u00e9.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9valuateurs dans ce<br \/>\ndomaine exploitent des mod\u00e8les<br \/>\nstatistiques avanc\u00e9s tels que<br \/>\nl\u2019analyse de r\u00e9gression multiple<br \/>\net l\u2019apprentissage automatique,<br \/>\ntout en maintenant des<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4les de qualit\u00e9 rigoureux <\/p>\n<p>et en respectant des cadres<br \/>\njuridiques complexes. Cette <\/p>\n<p>approche globale garantit des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations efficaces et \u00e9volutives <\/p>\n<p>qui favorisent une fiscalit\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e9quitable, le financement municipal <\/p>\n<p>et le d\u00e9veloppement global de<br \/>\nla communaut\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>MA TRANSITION PERSONNELLE VERS<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00c9VALUATION DE MASSE <\/p>\n<p>J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 ma carri\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuateur dans<br \/>\nun cabinet d\u2019\u00e9valuation de biens immobiliers<br \/>\nindividuels. Bien que gratifiant, je me suis<br \/>\nrapidement rendu compte que je cherchais<br \/>\nautre chose. Je voulais me d\u00e9passer sur le plan<br \/>\nprofessionnel et personnel, afin de d\u00e9passer<br \/>\nles fronti\u00e8res traditionnelles. L\u2019\u00e9valuation de<br \/>\nmasse m\u2019offrait pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce d\u00e9fi. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nattir\u00e9 par la promesse d\u2019une analyse statistique<br \/>\nrigoureuse, la complexit\u00e9 des arguments <\/p>\n<p>juridiques sophistiqu\u00e9s dans les recours en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation et la responsabilit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nprendre des d\u00e9cisions nuanc\u00e9es sur la valeur<br \/>\ndes biens immobiliers dans un contexte urbain<br \/>\n\u00e9largi. Ce r\u00f4le polyvalent m\u2019a permis de<br \/>\nd\u00e9velopper mes comp\u00e9tences analytiques, de<br \/>\nm\u2019impliquer profond\u00e9ment dans la politique<br \/>\net la science des donn\u00e9es, et d\u2019affiner mes<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9s de prise de d\u00e9cision d\u2019une mani\u00e8re<br \/>\nque le r\u00f4le d\u2019\u00e9valuateur conventionnel ne<br \/>\npouvait pas offrir.<\/p>\n<p>DIVERSIT\u00c9 ET \u00c9VOLUTION DE CARRI\u00c8RE<br \/>\nL\u2019un des aspects les plus attrayants de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse est la diversit\u00e9<br \/>\nprofessionnelle qu\u2019elle offre. Les membres<br \/>\nstagiaires sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement amen\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\nrecourir \u00e0 des outils d\u2019analyse g\u00e9ospatiale de<br \/>\npointe, \u00e0 utiliser des mod\u00e8les statistiques, \u00e0<br \/>\nint\u00e9grer des politiques publiques et \u00e0 dialoguer<br \/>\navec les parties prenantes. De l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentielle et commerciale \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des<br \/>\npolitiques, en passant par la gestion des<br \/>\nrecours et les \u00e9valuations sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es (par<br \/>\nexemple, les unit\u00e9s agricoles ou commerciales<br \/>\nen copropri\u00e9t\u00e9), les postes dans le domaine<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse offrent des<br \/>\npossibilit\u00e9s de croissance professionnelle<br \/>\ncontinue et des exp\u00e9riences vari\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>MENTORAT ET SOUTIEN PROFESSIONNEL<br \/>\nTout comme dans les parcours d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ntraditionnels, le mentorat joue un r\u00f4le crucial<br \/>\ndans l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse. Cependant, dans<br \/>\nun environnement d\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse,<br \/>\non b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie non seulement du mentorat<br \/>\nde membres AACI chevronn\u00e9s, mais aussi<br \/>\nde membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s de l\u2019International<br \/>\nAssociation of Assessing Officers (IAAO<br \/>\net d\u2019organismes provinciaux tels que la<br \/>\nSaskatchewan Assessment Appraisers<br \/>\nAssociation (SAAA ). Les membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s<br \/>\npartagent g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement leur expertise et<br \/>\nguident les stagiaires \u00e0 travers la cr\u00e9ation<br \/>\nde mod\u00e8les complexes, les proc\u00e9dures de<br \/>\nvalidation et la d\u00e9tection d\u2019anomalies dans<br \/>\nles donn\u00e9es. La culture de soutien et de<br \/>\ncollaboration qui r\u00e8gne dans le domaine de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse encourage le partage des<br \/>\nconnaissances, les commentaires entre pairs<br \/>\net le perfectionnement professionnel continu,<br \/>\nautant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui renforcent la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9<br \/>\net la confiance des futurs professionnels de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse. <\/p>\n<p>DEMANDE ET OPPORTUNIT\u00c9S<br \/>\nDANS L\u2019INDUSTRIE<br \/>\nAvec les progr\u00e8s constants des mod\u00e8les<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation automatis\u00e9s, la mise \u00e0 disposition<br \/>\npublique des donn\u00e9es cartographiques et le<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4le accru de l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 fiscale fonci\u00e8re, la<br \/>\ndemande de professionnels qualifi\u00e9s dans le<br \/>\ndomaine de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse continue de<br \/>\ncro\u00eetre. Cependant, il existe toujours une p\u00e9nurie<br \/>\nnotable d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs d\u00e9sign\u00e9s capables de<br \/>\ncombiner de mani\u00e8re transparente leur expertise<br \/>\ntechnique et leur perspicacit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\npolitiques. Cette p\u00e9nurie cr\u00e9e d\u2019importantes<br \/>\nopportunit\u00e9s de carri\u00e8re pour les membres<br \/>\nstagiaires, telles que des postes de direction<br \/>\nmunicipale, des postes de conseil, des postes de<br \/>\nresponsable de la mise en \u0153uvre de syst\u00e8mes et<br \/>\ndes postes influents au sein des comit\u00e9s de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>CONTRIBUER \u00c0 LA PROFESSION<br \/>\nLes professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse<br \/>\nfa\u00e7onnent de plus en plus la profession<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuateur au-del\u00e0 de la simple gestion de<br \/>\nbases de donn\u00e9es. Les opportunit\u00e9s abondent<br \/>\npour si\u00e9ger \u00e0 des commissions municipales<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de<br \/>\nnormes nationales d\u2019\u00e9valuation, encadrer les<br \/>\nfuturs \u00e9valuateurs et stimuler les innovations<br \/>\nvers des m\u00e9thodologies d\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse<br \/>\ntransparentes, automatis\u00e9es et \u00e9quitables.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00c9FLEXIONS FINALES<br \/>\nSe lancer dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse est plus<br \/>\nqu\u2019un choix de carri\u00e8re, c\u2019est un engagement<br \/>\nenvers une \u00e9volution personnelle et<br \/>\nprofessionnelle continue. Cela exige de la<br \/>\npr\u00e9cision, de l\u2019adaptabilit\u00e9 et des comp\u00e9tences<br \/>\ninterpersonnelles exceptionnelles. Pour moi,<br \/>\nle passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse a non<br \/>\nseulement affin\u00e9 mes capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 analyser<br \/>\net \u00e0 m\u2019appuyer sur des politiques, mais m\u2019a<br \/>\n\u00e9galement permis d\u2019avoir un impact tangible<br \/>\nsur ma communaut\u00e9. C\u2019est un domaine<br \/>\ndynamique qui stimule, engage et comble ceux<br \/>\nqui sont passionn\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, l\u2019innovation et<br \/>\nla croissance \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. <\/p>\n<p>Se lancer dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse est plus qu\u2019un<br \/>\nchoix de carri\u00e8re, c\u2019est un engagement envers une<br \/>\n\u00e9volution personnelle et professionnelle continue. \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est un domaine dynamique qui stimule, engage<br \/>\net comble ceux qui sont passionn\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9,<br \/>\nl\u2019innovation et la croissance \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 39Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Value reconciliations: <\/p>\n<p>the beating<br \/>\nheart of appraisal<\/p>\n<p>Despite the number of highly skilled professionals in our field, reconciliations of data<br \/>\nsuch as rents, capitalization rates, unit rates, and even sometimes final reconciliations,<br \/>\nare often lacking in narrative ICI\/CRE appraisal reports. Over the past dozen years,<br \/>\nI have been a volunteer with the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) with the Work <\/p>\n<p>Product Review program, reviewing reports for Canadian Uniform Standards of Professional<br \/>\nAppraisal Practice (CUSPAP) compliance from both new Candidates and seasoned accredited<br \/>\nMembers. This includes reports from major national firms as well as those from smaller regional<br \/>\nand local firms. My opening statement applies across all swaths of our Members\u2019 profiles:<br \/>\nCandidate Members, seasoned veterans, large firms, and small firms. What you read here today,<br \/>\nhowever, can immediately strengthen your appraisal reports, starting tomorrow. <\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP tells us, at 8.2.9., we must \u201cdetail the reasoning supporting the analyses,<br \/>\nopinions, and conclusions of each valuation approach.\u201d1 This is the beating heart \u2013 a<br \/>\nprocess of reconciling differing indicators \u2013 of every appraisal. <\/p>\n<p>Despite this, there\u2019s limited information on how to effectively apply this and persuasively<br \/>\nconvey that to the reader. In the Appraisal Institute\u2019s (US) book, The Appraisal of Real Estate,2<br \/>\njust seven of the 700+ pages are devoted to reconciliation, and most of it does not provide the<br \/>\nframework that we, as appraisers, need to effectively think through reconciliations, and then<br \/>\nto communicate it. In the practical 74-page Effective Report Writing: A Guide for Appraisers<br \/>\nand Reviewers,3 just a single page is devoted to Persuasive Writing for Reconciliation.<br \/>\nNo Continuing Professional Development (CPD) courses are available on this through the<br \/>\nUniversity of British Columbia (UBC)\/AIC collaboration. The book, Thinking Better, explains<br \/>\nthis general lack of thinking instruction in many situations thusly:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMost of the [thinking] programs we use were acquired in a haphazard manner. We<br \/>\nwere never taught how to think, only what to think. We were never told how best to<br \/>\nmake decisions, only given decisions to make.\u201d4<\/p>\n<p>These poor resources and limited training lead to reconciliations like the ones shown on the<br \/>\nfollowing page, which are quite commonplace. <\/p>\n<p>BY JAY WALKER, P. APP., AACI,<br \/>\nSENIOR PARTNER WITH<br \/>\nAPPRAISALCOACHES.COM<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 40 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Reconciliation #1: This is an almost verbatim rental rate reconciliation of an industrial building<br \/>\nin Ontario; a table of a dozen rents is shown with a range of $14 to $35 per sq.ft.<br \/>\nNo average is given. The reconciliation begins and ends as follows:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese are spaces located throughout [general location]. Those at the upper end are<br \/>\nin good locations in higher-end buildings, while those at the lower end are in inferior<br \/>\nlocations and\/or are only average quality spaces.  <\/p>\n<p>The subject is a modern building, located in a popular industrial park in [specific<br \/>\nlocation], with a site having ample yard space. It is therefore my opinion that the rental<br \/>\nvalue of the subject is $21.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Reconciliation #2: This is an amalgam of very common reconciliations seen:<br \/>\n\u201cIndex #1 is [list of some positive\/negative attributes] and so is inferior to the subject.<br \/>\nThe subject should have a lower cap rate. <\/p>\n<p>Index #2 is [list of some attributes] and is thus superior to the subject. The subject should<br \/>\nhave a higher cap rate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This process goes on, in numerical order for the remaining six comparables, and then a<br \/>\nconclusion is reached something like this:<br \/>\n\u201cGiven these indicators, the subject should lie within a cap rate range of 4.5% to 5.5%, and a<br \/>\nrate of 5.0% is believed warranted in this circumstance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Either of these two types of reconciliations, whether in sectional areas (rent, cap rates, sq. ft.<br \/>\nrates, etc.) or in the final reconciliation, are very common. The appraiser has not truly \u2018detailed the<br \/>\nreasoning,\u2019 at least not to the extent that the report user can easily follow, or be persuaded to, the final<br \/>\nchoice. To do better, we must know and apply a bit of how the human brain processes information, its<br \/>\nlimitations, and classical persuasive argumentation techniques. Following these processes will help<br \/>\nthe appraiser become much clearer in thinking through their choices, and they will then be able to<br \/>\ncommunicate that clearly to the report user. <\/p>\n<p>Here are the following crucial topics:<br \/>\n1.\t The importance of providing an overview to facilitate an appropriate thinking framework;<br \/>\n2.\tShort-term memory and working memory limitations;<br \/>\n3.\tLogical thinking and persuasive writing.<\/p>\n<p>PROVIDING AN OVERVIEW<br \/>\nAn essential step in effectively processing information is providing a general overview of the most<br \/>\ncompelling characteristics of both your subject property, and the data discussion to come. Giving<br \/>\nan overview before analyzing detailed data is key, as it encourages the appraiser to think about the<br \/>\nmost compelling characteristics of the subject in relation to this set of market data. Critically, it also<br \/>\nprovides the mental framework that the report user needs to understand and follow the analysis. <\/p>\n<p>The overview should:<br \/>\n1.\t Set the purpose and direction: An overview explains why the data is being presented. It <\/p>\n<p>tells the reader what question is being answered, so they can interpret each piece of data in<br \/>\ncontext rather than in isolation.<\/p>\n<p>2.\tPrepare the reader\u2019s expectations: It outlines what kind of information or discussion will<br \/>\nfollow so the reader isn\u2019t surprised or confused when they encounter tables, calculations, or<br \/>\nnarrative analysis.<\/p>\n<p>3.\tFocus attention on what matters: With a roadmap in mind, the reader knows which details<br \/>\nare important and which are background. This reduces cognitive load and keeps the reader<br \/>\noriented throughout the explanation.<\/p>\n<p>4.\t Improve clarity and persuasion: Starting with a clear overview provides logical structure and<br \/>\ntransparency. It builds trust, showing that your conclusion is based on a process, not just opinion.<\/p>\n<p>In summary, an overview acts like a signpost. I tells the reader where they are going, why it matters,<br \/>\nand how they will get there. It makes the data easier to digest, and conclusions easier to accept.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 41Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>WORKING MEMORY<br \/>\nNext, we must understand how we process and work with new information as we have a limited<br \/>\ncapacity for short-term memory and working with that information. According to cognitive<br \/>\npsychologist George A. Miller\u2019s famous 1956 paper,5 people can typically hold about 7 (\u00b12) items<br \/>\nin their short-term memory. This includes discrete pieces of information such as digits, words, or<br \/>\nother chunks. Later research6 has refined this estimate, suggesting that 4\u00b11 items may be a more<br \/>\naccurate limit, particularly when items are not meaningfully grouped.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to mentally sorting, manipulating, or working with information \u2013<br \/>\nknown as working memory7 \u2013 the capacity is different. Working memory not only stores, but also<br \/>\nprocesses information. Studies show that people can generally manipulate just three to five<br \/>\nchunks of information at once, depending on complexity and familiarity. This limitation affects<br \/>\ntasks such as mental arithmetic, problem solving, or reasoning. Importantly, the concept of<br \/>\n\u2018chunking\u2019 or \u2018grouping\u2019 can expand both memory and manipulation limits. The more demanding the<br \/>\ntask, however, the fewer chunks the brain can effectively manage.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, while the human brain has extraordinary capacity for long-term memory, its short-term<br \/>\nand working memory are quite constrained, influencing everything from daily multitasking to how<br \/>\nwe learn new information.<\/p>\n<p>This means that simply going through all six, seven, eight, (twelve, etc.) comparables in<br \/>\nlockstep fashion \u2013 without grouping them in some meaningful fashion \u2013 is likely to lose your<br \/>\nreader and does not help you, the appraiser, focus on the bigger picture. It is extremely helpful<br \/>\nto begin to group your comparables into sets of two, three, or even four (depending upon<br \/>\nnumber of comparables) of combined data that exhibit enough similar characteristics to have<br \/>\nsome joint meaning. Within those groupings, trends should emerge by looking at the averages<br \/>\n(or ranges) that those produce. This helps get the number of chunks of information down to a<br \/>\nworkable capacity both for you, the appraiser, and the report user.<\/p>\n<p>LOGICAL THINKING AND PERSUASIVE WRITING<br \/>\nFinally, the narrative analysis itself must be based on logical thinking, and persuasively<br \/>\ncommunicated to the reader. Proceeding through the comparables in straitjacket order does not<br \/>\nhelp you, nor the report user, understand or effectively process the data. <\/p>\n<p>Instead, follow classic Greek and Roman rhetorical process of starting with (and then dispensing)<br \/>\nthe weaker data, moving steadily towards the best data (single data pieces or several grouped data).<br \/>\nBuilding an argument from weaker to stronger evidence makes the conclusion easier to follow and<br \/>\nthus feels earned, not imposed. It mirrors natural reasoning: consider all options, then steadily<br \/>\nnarrow towards the best.<\/p>\n<p>This same process is also used in teaching and training, wherein there is a progression from<br \/>\nless relevant or more general examples to highly relevant or specific ones. This helps learners<br \/>\nbuild context before reaching conclusions. Students may be taught to start with broader<br \/>\ncomparisons before focusing in on the most relevant or effective model. <\/p>\n<p>Similarly, in scientific and statistical reporting, when evaluating multiple variables or experimental<br \/>\ngroups, reports often arrange findings by strength of correlation or relevance. For example,<br \/>\nmeta-analyses in medicine may list studies by increasing methodological quality or effect size.<\/p>\n<p>In summary, this \u2018worst to best\u2019 method draws from ancient logic and communication strategies.<br \/>\nIt is used widely because it aligns with how people process evidence: show the range, rule out the<br \/>\nweaker, and end on the strongest \u2013 making your conclusion both reasoned and compelling.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION<br \/>\nWhat has been explained here is a relatively straightforward three-step process:<br \/>\n1.\t Provide an overview of the most important characteristics of the subject, relative to the <\/p>\n<p>particular comparable data set;<br \/>\n2.\tWhere there are more than three or four data pieces, group them into similar\/related sets so <\/p>\n<p>that the appraiser\u2019s and the report user\u2019s working memory doesn\u2019t become swamped by too<br \/>\nmuch data and is able to think through (or understand) them more effectively;<\/p>\n<p>3.\tUse classical rhetorical techniques of eliminating (or minimizing) the weakest data first,<br \/>\nreconciling steadily towards the best, most compelling, data and conclusions. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 42 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>HYPOTHETICAL RECONCILIATION<br \/>\nNow that we have reviewed the framework, how might this look like in both a \u2018comprehensive\u2019<br \/>\nand \u2018concise\u2019 narrative appraisal of the same property, for a capitalization rate selection.<\/p>\n<p>As a reminder, there are two approved formats for narrative reports, Comprehensive and<br \/>\nConcise (CUSPAP at 7.5.3).8 Concise reports are generally suitable for frequent appraisal users,<br \/>\nsuch as lenders, mortgage brokers, REIT\u2019s, etc., while Comprehensive reports are required for<br \/>\nmost other users and uses. For the Income Approach analysis, CUSPAP Practice Notes9 at 3.23.8<br \/>\nstate a Comprehensive report must \u201cIdentify, describe and analyze \u2026 with detailed rationale\u201d,<br \/>\nwhereas a Concise report must only \u201cIdentify and summarize \u2026 [with] supporting rationale \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The hypothetical subject property is a 35-year-old 33,000 sq.ft. industrial building with useful<br \/>\nsurplus land resulting in a site coverage of 20%. In addition to 2,000 sq.ft. of standard main floor<br \/>\noffice, it also has 2,000 sq.ft. of good quality mezzanine office completed five years ago. It also<br \/>\nhas, somewhat unusually for this age, a 23-foot clear span ceiling. It is of average quality concrete<br \/>\nconstruction and in average condition. <\/p>\n<p>COMPREHENSIVE REPORT<br \/>\nThe following sales have been identified as most relevant of those surveyed:<\/p>\n<p>Subject Sale 1 Sale 2 Sale 3 Sale 4 Sale 5 Sale 6 Sale 7 Sale 8<\/p>\n<p>Sale Price, $Millions: \u279b \u279b $7.267 $6.145 $7.167 $6.781 $10.088 $7.416 $9.103 $9.311<\/p>\n<p>Land Area, Acres 3.79 1.66 1.43 1.48 1.41 3.01 2.20 3.76 2.38<\/p>\n<p>Building Size, Ft2 33,000 31,112 14,985 26,410 19,643 28,841 24,865 29,472 36,241<\/p>\n<p>Site Coverage 20% 43% 24% 41% 32% 22% 26% 18% 35%<\/p>\n<p>Building Age 35 33 11 27 18 17 25 31 39<\/p>\n<p>Const. Type Tilt-Up Metal Tilt-Up Metal Tilt-Up Tilt-Up Metal Tilt-Up Metal<\/p>\n<p>Clear Span, Ft 23 19 22 20 22 22 20 20 20<\/p>\n<p>% Office 12% 4% 17% 8% 16% 14% 10% 6% 7%<\/p>\n<p>Cap Rate 5.98% 4.13% 5.49% 4.77% 4.64% 5.23% 4.95% 5.31%<\/p>\n<p>These sales have a cap rate range from 4.13% to 5.98%, and an average of 5.01%. <\/p>\n<p>SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FACTORS<br \/>\nThe subject property has several advantages over what is typical in this sector and local market.<br \/>\nCompared to typical properties in this market, the subject has considerable useful surplus land<br \/>\n(typical site coverages are 30-45%, versus the subject\u2019s more spacious 20%). This component<br \/>\nhas often proven \u2013 in addition to raising rental rates as discussed in the rent section \u2013 to lower<br \/>\ncapitalization rates, as buyers favour the flexibility for a variety of industrial operations as well as,<br \/>\nimportantly, the ease of re-leasing the property to a wider range of users should it turn vacant. <\/p>\n<p>The capitalization rate is also likely to be compressed for the relatively over-height clear span<br \/>\nceiling (23 feet), since a less desirable 18-20 feet is more usual in this age bracket. Additionally,<br \/>\nto a more limited extent, the modestly higher percentage of (good quality) office finish compared<br \/>\nto market norms will also tend to modestly compress the cap rate. <\/p>\n<p>Against those positive features, the subject building is older (35 years old) than typical in this<br \/>\ngeneral location (10-25 years is more usual), and the 33,000 sq.ft. size is larger than the 15,000-<br \/>\n25,000 sq.ft. range frequently seen in this area. These two factors will tend to push the cap rate of<br \/>\nthe subject somewhat upwards. <\/p>\n<p>REVIEW AND GROUPING OF COMPARABLE SALES<br \/>\nThis analysis groups comparable sales to identify the most relevant indicators.<\/p>\n<p>Group 1: Sales 1, 3, and 6<br \/>\nThese comparables have cap rates ranging from 5.23% to 5.98%, with an average of 5.57%.<br \/>\nThese buildings are generally less comparable to the subject; while similar in age and somewhat<br \/>\nsmaller (average 27,462 sq.ft.), they lack the surplus land and over-height clear span of the<br \/>\nsubject and generally are of lower-quality metal frames. Notably, Sale 6, with a cap rate of 5.23%<br \/>\nand low site coverage of 26%, shows how surplus land can compress cap rates. Overall, the<br \/>\nsubject\u2019s cap rate should be below both this group\u2019s average and below Sale 6\u2019s 5.23%.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 43Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Group 2: Sales 2 and 4<br \/>\nSales 2 and 4 have an average cap rate of 4.45%, within a range of 4.13% to 4.77%. These<br \/>\nare newer, smaller properties (average 17,314 sq.ft.) with more marketable sizes and<br \/>\nlower sale prices, which can significantly lower cap rates. Their clear spans, though slightly<br \/>\nbelow the subject\u2019s, are competitive, but they have less surplus land. The subject\u2019s cap rate<br \/>\nis therefore expected to be above this group\u2019s average of 4.45%.<\/p>\n<p>Group 3: Sales 5, 7, and 8<br \/>\nSales 5, 7, and 8 are the most comparable to the subject. Their average cap rate is 4.97%,<br \/>\nranging from 4.64% to 5.31%. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Sale 8 (5.31%): Larger and older than the subject, with lower clear span and higher site<br \/>\ncoverage. These qualities suggest the subject should not have as high a cap rate. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Sale 5 (4.64%): Smaller and newer, with similar clear span and office finish, and<br \/>\nsite coverage of 22% (but not as low as the subject). This sets a lower bound for the<br \/>\nsubject\u2019s cap rate. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Sale 7 (4.95%): Slightly smaller, similar in age, with the lowest site coverage (18%),<br \/>\nbut lower clear span and less office finish. These differences mostly offset, indicating a<br \/>\ncap rate close to the subject\u2019s likely value.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION AND CAP RATE SELECTION<br \/>\nGroup 1 comparables (#1, #3, and #6) indicates that the subject\u2019s cap rate should be<br \/>\nbelow their average (5.57%) and below Sale 6\u2019s 5.23%. Group 2 comparables (#2 and #4)<br \/>\nsuggests it should be above 4.45%. Considering these findings, a general cap rate range of<br \/>\napproximately 4.5% to 5.2% is supported.<\/p>\n<p>The most relevant comparables (Group 3) further narrow the expected range to<br \/>\nbetween roughly 4.7% and 5.1%. The subject is better than Sale 8, but not as good as Sale 5,<br \/>\ninferring that somewhere in the middle of this range is appropriate. Giving the greatest<br \/>\nweight to the most comparable sale, Sale 7, the final selected capitalization rate for the<br \/>\nsubject property is 4.9%.<\/p>\n<p>FINAL CONCLUSION<br \/>\nUse the three-step method to strengthen your analysis, and compellingly convey<br \/>\nyour conclusions:<br \/>\n1.\t Provide an overview;<br \/>\n2.\tGroup your data;<br \/>\n3.\tFollow classical rhetorical principles to both understand your data better and to convey <\/p>\n<p>your conclusions convincingly.<\/p>\n<p>END NOTES<br \/>\n1\t Appraisal Institute of Canada (2024). CANADIAN UNIFORM STANDARDS OF <\/p>\n<p>PROFESSIONAL APPRAISAL PRACTICE (CUSPAP). Effective January 1, 2024, 8.2.9, page 38.<br \/>\n2\t Appraisal Institute (2020). The Appraisal of Real Estate. 15th Edition.<br \/>\n3\t Appraisal Institute (2023), Effective Report Writing: A Guide for Appraisers and Reviewers.<br \/>\n4\t Lewis, David &#038; Greene, James (1982). Thinking Better, McClelland and Stewart Ltd., page 27.<br \/>\n5\t Miller, G. A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our <\/p>\n<p>Capacity for Processing Information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81\u201397.<br \/>\n6\t Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of <\/p>\n<p>mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87\u2013114.<br \/>\n7\t Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556\u2013559.<br \/>\n8\t Appraisal Institute of Canada (2024). CANADIAN UNIFORM STANDARDS OF <\/p>\n<p>PROFESSIONAL APPRAISAL PRACTICE (CUSPAP). Effective January 1, 2024, 7.5.3, page 31<br \/>\n9\t Appraisal Institute of Canada (2024). APPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA PRACTICE <\/p>\n<p>NOTES 2024, Effective July 1, 2024, 3.23.8, page 46, https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/wp-<br \/>\ncontent\/uploads\/2024-PRACTICE-NOTES-1.pdf  <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 44 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024-PRACTICE-NOTES-1.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Rapprochements de valeurs : <\/p>\n<p>le c\u0153ur<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>PAR JAY WALKER, \u00c9. PRO., AACI,<br \/>\nASSOCI\u00c9 PRINCIPAL CHEZ<br \/>\nAPPRAISALCOACHES.COM<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 le grand nombre de professionnels hautement qualifi\u00e9s dans notre domaine,<br \/>\nles rapprochements de donn\u00e9es telles que les loyers, les taux de capitalisation,<br \/>\nles taux unitaires et m\u00eame parfois les rapprochements finaux font souvent d\u00e9faut<br \/>\ndans les rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation ICI\/CRE narratifs. Au cours des douze derni\u00e8res <\/p>\n<p>ann\u00e9es, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9vole aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) dans le cadre du<br \/>\nprogramme d\u2019examen des produits du travail, o\u00f9 j\u2019ai examin\u00e9 les rapports de nouveaux stagiaires<br \/>\net de membres accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s chevronn\u00e9s afin de v\u00e9rifier leur conformit\u00e9 aux Normes uniformes<br \/>\nde pratique professionnelle en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada (NUPPEC). Cela comprend les<br \/>\nrapports de grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s nationales ainsi que ceux de petites soci\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et locales.<br \/>\nMa d\u00e9claration d\u2019ouverture s\u2019applique \u00e0 tous les profils de nos membres : stagiaires, v\u00e9t\u00e9rans<br \/>\nchevronn\u00e9s, grands cabinets et petits cabinets. Cependant, ce que vous lirez ici aujourd\u2019hui peut<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diatement renforcer vos rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation, d\u00e8s demain.<\/p>\n<p>Les NUPPEC nous indiquent, au paragraphe 8.2.9, que nous devons \u00ab Pr\u00e9ciser le<br \/>\nraisonnement sur lequel sont fond\u00e9es les analyses, opinions et conclusions tir\u00e9es de<br \/>\nchaque m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00bb.1 Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 du c\u0153ur m\u00eame de toute \u00e9valuation, \u00e0 savoir le<br \/>\nprocessus de rapprochement des diff\u00e9rents indicateurs.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 cela, il existe peu d\u2019informations sur la mani\u00e8re d\u2019appliquer efficacement ce principe<br \/>\net de le transmettre de mani\u00e8re convaincante au lecteur. Dans l\u2019ouvrage de l\u2019Appraisal Institute<br \/>\n(\u00c9tats-Unis) intitul\u00e9 The Appraisal of Real Estate,2 seules sept des plus de 700 pages sont<br \/>\nconsacr\u00e9es au rapprochement, et la plupart d\u2019entre elles ne fournissent pas le cadre dont<br \/>\nnous, en tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuateurs, avons besoin pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir efficacement aux rapprochements<br \/>\net ensuite savoir comment les communiquer. Dans l\u2019ouvrage pratique de 74 pages intitul\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00ab Effective Report Writing: A Guide for Appraisers and Reviewers \u00bb,3 une seule page est consacr\u00e9e<br \/>\n\u00e0 la r\u00e9daction persuasive en mati\u00e8re de rapprochement. Aucun cours de perfectionnement<br \/>\nprofessionnel continu (PPC) n\u2019est disponible \u00e0 ce sujet dans le cadre de la collaboration entre<br \/>\nl\u2019University of British Columbia (UBC) et l\u2019ICE. Le livre \u00ab Thinking Better \u00bb explique ainsi ce<br \/>\nmanque g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019enseignement de la r\u00e9flexion dans de nombreuses situations :<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La plupart des programmes [de r\u00e9flexion] que nous utilisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 acquis de<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. On ne nous a jamais enseign\u00e9 comment r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir, seulement<br \/>\nsur quoi r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir. On ne nous a jamais dit comment prendre les meilleures<br \/>\nd\u00e9cisions, on nous a seulement donn\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions \u00e0 prendre. \u00bb4 <\/p>\n<p>Ces ressources insuffisantes et cette formation limit\u00e9e conduisent \u00e0 des rapprochements<br \/>\ncomme ceux pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ci-dessous, qui sont assez courants. <\/p>\n<p>Rapprochement n\u00b0 1 : Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un rapprochement presque mot pour mot des loyers<br \/>\nd\u2019un b\u00e2timent industriel en Ontario ; un tableau pr\u00e9sentant une douzaine de loyers est affich\u00e9,<br \/>\navec une fourchette allant de 14 \u00e0 35 dollars le pied carr\u00e9. Aucune moyenne n\u2019est indiqu\u00e9e.<br \/>\nLe rapprochement commence et se termine comme suit : <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Il s\u2019agit d\u2019espaces situ\u00e9s partout [emplacement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral]. Ceux situ\u00e9s dans la<br \/>\nfourchette sup\u00e9rieure sont bien situ\u00e9s dans des immeubles haut de gamme, tandis<br \/>\nque ceux situ\u00e9s dans la fourchette inf\u00e9rieure sont moins bien situ\u00e9s et\/ou sont des<br \/>\nespaces de qualit\u00e9 moyenne.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 45Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Le bien en question est un immeuble moderne, situ\u00e9 dans un parc industriel populaire \u00e0<br \/>\n[emplacement sp\u00e9cifique], avec un terrain offrant un vaste espace ext\u00e9rieur. Je suis donc d\u2019avis que la<br \/>\nvaleur locative du bien en question est de 21 $. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Rapprochement n\u00b0 2 : Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un amalgame de rapprochements tr\u00e8s courants :<br \/>\n\u00ab L\u2019indicateur n\u00b0 1 est [liste de certains attributs positifs\/n\u00e9gatifs] et est donc inf\u00e9rieur au bien en<br \/>\nobjet. Le bien en objet devrait avoir un taux de capitalisation inf\u00e9rieur.<br \/>\nL\u2019indicateur n\u00b0 2 est [liste de certains attributs] et est donc sup\u00e9rieur au bien en objet.<br \/>\nLe bien en objet devrait avoir un taux de capitalisation sup\u00e9rieur. \u00bb<br \/>\nCe processus se poursuit, dans l\u2019ordre num\u00e9rique, pour les six autres biens comparables, puis une<br \/>\nconclusion est tir\u00e9e, comme suit :<br \/>\n\u00ab Compte tenu de ces indicateurs, le bien en question devrait se situer dans une fourchette de taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation comprise entre 4,5 % et 5,5 %, et un taux de 5,0 % semble justifi\u00e9 dans ce cas. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Ces deux types de rapprochements, qu\u2019ils concernent des domaines sp\u00e9cifiques (loyer, taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation, taux au pied carr\u00e9, etc.) ou le rapprochement final, sont tr\u00e8s courants. L\u2019\u00e9valuateur n\u2019a pas<br \/>\nvraiment \u00ab pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 son raisonnement \u00bb, du moins pas dans une mesure suffisante pour que l\u2019utilisateur<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9 du rapport puisse facilement suivre ou \u00eatre convaincu par le choix final. Pour faire mieux, nous<br \/>\ndevons conna\u00eetre et appliquer un peu la mani\u00e8re dont le cerveau humain traite l\u2019information, ses limites et<br \/>\nles techniques classiques d\u2019argumentation persuasive. Le fait de suivre ces processus aidera l\u2019\u00e9valuateur \u00e0<br \/>\nclarifier ses choix et lui permettra ensuite de les communiquer clairement \u00e0 l\u2019utilisateur autoris\u00e9 du rapport. <\/p>\n<p>Voici les sujets essentiels \u00e0 aborder :<br \/>\n1.\t L\u2019importance de fournir une vue d\u2019ensemble pour faciliter un cadre de r\u00e9flexion appropri\u00e9 ;<br \/>\n2.\tLes limites de la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme et de la m\u00e9moire de travail ;<br \/>\n3.\tLa pens\u00e9e logique et la r\u00e9daction persuasive.<\/p>\n<p>FOURNIR UNE VUE D\u2019ENSEMBLE<br \/>\nUne \u00e9tape essentielle pour traiter efficacement les informations consiste \u00e0 fournir une vue d\u2019ensemble<br \/>\ndes caract\u00e9ristiques les plus convaincantes du bien en objet et de la discussion des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. Il<br \/>\nest essentiel de donner une vue d\u2019ensemble avant d\u2019analyser les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9taill\u00e9es, car cela encourage<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux caract\u00e9ristiques les plus convaincantes du bien par rapport \u00e0 cet ensemble de<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es de march\u00e9. Il fournit \u00e9galement le cadre mental dont l\u2019utilisateur du rapport aura besoin pour<br \/>\ncomprendre et suivre l\u2019analyse.<\/p>\n<p>La vue d\u2019ensemble devrait :<br \/>\n1.\t D\u00e9finir l\u2019objectif et l\u2019orientation : une vue d\u2019ensemble explique pourquoi les donn\u00e9es sont <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es. Elle indique au lecteur \u00e0 quelle question elle r\u00e9pond, afin qu\u2019il puisse interpr\u00e9ter chaque<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9e dans son contexte plut\u00f4t que de mani\u00e8re isol\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>2.\tPr\u00e9parer les attentes du lecteur : une vue d\u2019ensemble d\u00e9crit le type d\u2019informations ou de discussions<br \/>\nqui suivront afin que le lecteur ne soit pas surpris ou confus lorsqu\u2019il rencontrera des tableaux, des<br \/>\ncalculs ou des analyses narratives. <\/p>\n<p>3.\tConcentrer l\u2019attention sur ce qui importe : avec une feuille de route \u00e0 l\u2019esprit, le lecteur sait quels d\u00e9tails<br \/>\nsont importants et lesquels constituent des informations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. Cela r\u00e9duit la charge cognitive et<br \/>\npermet au lecteur de rester orient\u00e9 tout au long de l\u2019explication. <\/p>\n<p>4.\tAm\u00e9liorer la clart\u00e9 et la persuasion : commencer par une vue d\u2019ensemble claire apporte une<br \/>\nstructure logique et de la transparence. Cela renforce la confiance, en montrant que votre conclusion<br \/>\nest bas\u00e9e sur un processus et non sur une simple opinion. <\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, une vue d\u2019ensemble agit comme un panneau indicateur. Elle indique au lecteur o\u00f9 il va,<br \/>\npourquoi c\u2019est important et comment il va y arriver. Elle rend les donn\u00e9es plus faciles \u00e0 dig\u00e9rer et les<br \/>\nconclusions plus faciles \u00e0 accepter.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00c9MOIRE DE TRAVAIL<br \/>\nEnsuite, nous devons comprendre comment nous traitons et utilisons les nouvelles informations, car notre<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9 de m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme et notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler avec ces informations sont limit\u00e9es. Selon le<br \/>\nc\u00e9l\u00e8bre article5 publi\u00e9 en 1956 par le psychologue cognitif George A. Miller, les gens peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<br \/>\nretenir environ 7 (\u00b12) \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans leur m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme. Cela inclut des informations distinctes telles <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 46 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>que des chiffres, des mots ou d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments. Des recherches ult\u00e9rieures6 ont affin\u00e9 cette estimation,<br \/>\nsugg\u00e9rant que 4\u00b11 \u00e9l\u00e9ments pourraient \u00eatre une limite plus pr\u00e9cise, en particulier lorsque les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ne<br \/>\nsont pas regroup\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re significative. <\/p>\n<p>Lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de trier, de manipuler ou de traiter mentalement des informations \u2013 ce que l\u2019on appelle<br \/>\nla m\u00e9moire de travail7 \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 est diff\u00e9rente. La m\u00e9moire de travail ne se contente pas de stocker,<br \/>\nelle traite \u00e9galement les informations. Des \u00e9tudes montrent que les personnes peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<br \/>\nmanipuler seulement trois \u00e0 cinq blocs d\u2019informations \u00e0 la fois, en fonction de leur complexit\u00e9 et de leur<br \/>\nfamiliarit\u00e9. Cette limitation affecte des t\u00e2ches telles que le calcul mental, la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes ou<br \/>\nle raisonnement. Il est important de noter que le concept de \u00ab regroupement \u00bb ou de \u00ab fractionnement \u00bb peut<br \/>\n\u00e9largir les limites de la m\u00e9moire et de la manipulation. Cependant, plus la t\u00e2che est exigeante, moins le<br \/>\ncerveau peut g\u00e9rer de blocs efficacement.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019ensemble, si le cerveau humain dispose d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 extraordinaire pour la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme,<br \/>\nsa m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme et sa m\u00e9moire de travail sont assez limit\u00e9es, ce qui influence tout, du multit\u00e2che<br \/>\nquotidien \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont nous apprenons de nouvelles informations.<\/p>\n<p>Cela signifie que le simple fait de passer en revue les six, sept, huit (douze, etc.) ventes comparables de<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re rigide, sans les regrouper de mani\u00e8re significative, risque de perdre votre lecteur et ne vous aide<br \/>\npas, en tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuateur, \u00e0 vous concentrer sur la situation dans son ensemble. Il est extr\u00eamement utile de<br \/>\ncommencer \u00e0 regrouper vos comparables en ensembles de deux, trois ou m\u00eame quatre (selon le nombre<br \/>\nde comparables) de donn\u00e9es combin\u00e9es qui pr\u00e9sentent suffisamment de caract\u00e9ristiques similaires pour<br \/>\navoir une signification commune. Au sein de ces groupes, des tendances devraient \u00e9merger en examinant<br \/>\nles moyennes (ou les fourchettes) qu\u2019ils produisent. Cela permet de r\u00e9duire le nombre d\u2019informations \u00e0 une<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9 g\u00e9rable tant pour vous, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur, que pour l\u2019utilisateur du rapport. <\/p>\n<p>PENS\u00c9E LOGIQUE ET R\u00c9DACTION PERSUASIVE<br \/>\nEnfin, l\u2019analyse narrative elle-m\u00eame doit \u00eatre bas\u00e9e sur une pens\u00e9e logique et communiqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re<br \/>\npersuasive au lecteur. Passer en revue les comparables dans un ordre rigide ne vous aide pas, ni vous, ni<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisateur du rapport, \u00e0 comprendre ou \u00e0 traiter efficacement les donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Suivez plut\u00f4t le processus rh\u00e9torique classique grec et romain qui consiste \u00e0 commencer par les<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es les plus faibles (puis \u00e0 les \u00e9carter), pour progresser r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vers les meilleures donn\u00e9es<br \/>\n(donn\u00e9es individuelles ou plusieurs donn\u00e9es regroup\u00e9es). Construire une argumentation \u00e0 partir<br \/>\ndes preuves les plus faibles vers les plus solides rend la conclusion plus facile \u00e0 suivre et donne ainsi<br \/>\nl\u2019impression qu\u2019elle est m\u00e9rit\u00e9e, et non impos\u00e9e. Cela refl\u00e8te le raisonnement naturel qui consiste \u00e0<br \/>\nexaminer toutes les options et \u00e0 se rapprocher progressivement de la meilleure.<\/p>\n<p>Ce m\u00eame processus est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 dans l\u2019enseignement et la formation, o\u00f9 l\u2019on passe<br \/>\nd\u2019exemples moins pertinents ou plus g\u00e9n\u00e9raux \u00e0 des exemples tr\u00e8s pertinents ou sp\u00e9cifiques. Cela aide<br \/>\nles apprenants \u00e0 construire un contexte avant de parvenir \u00e0 des conclusions. On peut enseigner aux<br \/>\n\u00e9tudiants \u00e0 commencer par des comparaisons plus larges avant de se concentrer sur le mod\u00e8le le plus<br \/>\npertinent ou le plus efficace.<\/p>\n<p>De m\u00eame, dans les rapports scientifiques et statistiques, lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00e9valuer plusieurs variables<br \/>\nou groupes exp\u00e9rimentaux, les rapports classent souvent les r\u00e9sultats en fonction de la force de la<br \/>\ncorr\u00e9lation ou de la pertinence. Par exemple, les m\u00e9ta-analyses en m\u00e9decine peuvent classer les \u00e9tudes<br \/>\npar ordre croissant de qualit\u00e9 m\u00e9thodologique ou d\u2019ampleur de l\u2019effet.<\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, cette m\u00e9thode \u00ab du pire au meilleur \u00bb s\u2019inspire de la logique et des strat\u00e9gies de<br \/>\ncommunication anciennes. Elle est largement utilis\u00e9e car elle correspond \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont les gens<br \/>\ntraitent les preuves : montrer l\u2019\u00e9ventail, \u00e9liminer les plus faibles et terminer par les plus fortes, ce qui<br \/>\nrend votre conclusion \u00e0 la fois raisonn\u00e9e et convaincante.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION<br \/>\nCe que nous avons expliqu\u00e9 ici est un processus en trois \u00e9tapes relativement simple :<br \/>\n1.\t Donner un aper\u00e7u des caract\u00e9ristiques les plus importantes du sujet, par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de <\/p>\n<p>donn\u00e9es comparables particulier ;<br \/>\n2.\tLorsqu\u2019il y a plus de trois ou quatre donn\u00e9es, les regrouper en ensembles similaires\/connexes afin que la <\/p>\n<p>m\u00e9moire de travail de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur et de l\u2019utilisateur du rapport ne soit pas submerg\u00e9e par trop de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\net puisse les analyser (ou les comprendre) plus efficacement ;<\/p>\n<p>3.\tUtiliser des techniques rh\u00e9toriques classiques pour \u00e9liminer (ou minimiser) les donn\u00e9es les plus<br \/>\nfaibles en premier lieu, en se rapprochant progressivement des donn\u00e9es et des conclusions les<br \/>\nmeilleures et les plus convaincantes. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 47Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>RAPPROCHEMENT HYPOTH\u00c9TIQUE<br \/>\nMaintenant que nous avons pass\u00e9 en revue le cadre, \u00e0 quoi cela pourrait-il ressembler dans une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nnarrative \u00ab compl\u00e8te \u00bb et \u00ab concise \u00bb du m\u00eame bien immobilier, pour la s\u00e9lection d\u2019un taux de capitalisation ? <\/p>\n<p>Rappelons-nous qu\u2019il existe deux formats approuv\u00e9s pour les rapports narratifs, exhaustif et<br \/>\nconcis (NUPPEC 7.5.3).8 Les rapports concis conviennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement aux utilisateurs fr\u00e9quents<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuations, tels que les pr\u00eateurs, les courtiers hypoth\u00e9caires, les FPI, etc., tandis que les rapports<br \/>\nexhaustifs sont requis pour la plupart des autres utilisateurs et utilisations. Pour l\u2019analyse selon la<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode du revenu, les notes pratiques des NUPPEC9 \u00e0 la section 3.23.8 stipulent qu\u2019un rapport complet<br \/>\ndoit \u00ab identifier, d\u00e9crire et analyser [&#8230;] avec une justification d\u00e9taill\u00e9e \u00bb, tandis qu\u2019un rapport concis doit<br \/>\nseulement \u00ab identifier et r\u00e9sumer [&#8230;] [avec] une justification \u00e0 l\u2019appui [&#8230;] \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Le bien immobilier hypoth\u00e9tique est un b\u00e2timent industriel de 33 000 pieds carr\u00e9s, vieux de 35 ans, avec un<br \/>\nterrain exc\u00e9dentaire utile, ce qui donne une couverture du site de 20 %. En plus des 2 000 pieds carr\u00e9s de bureaux<br \/>\nstandard au rez-de-chauss\u00e9e, il dispose \u00e9galement de 2 000 pieds carr\u00e9s de bureaux en mezzanine de bonne<br \/>\nqualit\u00e9, achev\u00e9s il y a cinq ans. Il dispose \u00e9galement, ce qui est assez inhabituel pour un b\u00e2timent de cet \u00e2ge,<br \/>\nd\u2019une hauteur sous plafond de 23 pieds. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une construction en b\u00e9ton de qualit\u00e9 moyenne et en \u00e9tat moyen.<\/p>\n<p>RAPPORT COMPLET<br \/>\nLes ventes suivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es comme les plus pertinentes parmi celles \u00e9tudi\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<p>Ces ventes ont un taux de capitalisation compris entre 4,13 % et 5,98 %, avec une moyenne de 5,01 %.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9 DES FACTEURS IMPORTANTS<br \/>\nLe bien immobilier en objet pr\u00e9sente plusieurs avantages par rapport \u00e0 ce qui est habituel dans ce secteur<br \/>\net sur le march\u00e9 local. Compar\u00e9 aux biens immobiliers habituels sur ce march\u00e9, le bien en objet dispose d\u2019un<br \/>\nsurplus de terrain utile consid\u00e9rable (la couverture habituelle des sites est de 30 \u00e0 45 %, contre 20 % pour<br \/>\nle bien en objet, qui est plus spacieux). Cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment a souvent pour effet, en plus d\u2019augmenter les loyers<br \/>\ncomme indiqu\u00e9 dans la section consacr\u00e9e aux loyers, de r\u00e9duire les taux de capitalisation, car les acheteurs<br \/>\nappr\u00e9cient la flexibilit\u00e9 qu\u2019il offre pour diverses activit\u00e9s industrielles et, surtout, la facilit\u00e9 avec laquelle le<br \/>\nbien peut \u00eatre relou\u00e9 \u00e0 un plus large \u00e9ventail d\u2019utilisateurs s\u2019il venait \u00e0 \u00eatre vacant.<\/p>\n<p>Le taux de capitalisation est \u00e9galement susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre comprim\u00e9 en raison de la hauteur relativement<br \/>\nexcessive du plafond (23 pieds), car une hauteur moins souhaitable de 18 \u00e0 20 pieds est plus courante dans<br \/>\nles b\u00e2timent de cette tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge. En outre, dans une mesure plus limit\u00e9e, le pourcentage l\u00e9g\u00e8rement<br \/>\nplus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de finitions de bureaux (de bonne qualit\u00e9) par rapport aux normes du march\u00e9 aura \u00e9galement<br \/>\ntendance \u00e0 comprimer modestement le taux de capitalisation.<\/p>\n<p>En contrepartie de ces caract\u00e9ristiques positives, le b\u00e2timent en objet est plus ancien (35 ans) que<br \/>\nla moyenne dans cette zone (10 \u00e0 25 ans \u00e9tant plus courant), et sa superficie de 33 000 pieds carr\u00e9s est<br \/>\nsup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la fourchette de 15 000 \u00e0 25 000 pieds carr\u00e9s fr\u00e9quemment observ\u00e9e dans cette zone. Ces deux<br \/>\nfacteurs auront tendance \u00e0 faire augmenter l\u00e9g\u00e8rement le taux de capitalisation du b\u00e2timent en objet.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMEN ET REGROUPEMENT DES VENTES COMPARABLES<br \/>\nCette analyse regroupe les ventes comparables afin d\u2019identifier les indicateurs les plus pertinents.<\/p>\n<p>Groupe 1 : Ventes 1, 3 et 6<br \/>\nCes comparables ont des taux de capitalisation compris entre 5,23 % et 5,98 %, avec une moyenne de 5,57 %.<br \/>\nCes b\u00e2timents sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins comparables \u00e0 l\u2019objet ; bien que similaires en termes d\u2019\u00e2ge et<br \/>\nl\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus petits (27 462 pieds carr\u00e9s en moyenne), ils ne disposent pas du surplus de terrain et de<br \/>\nla hauteur libre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l\u2019objet et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dot\u00e9s de charpentes m\u00e9talliques<br \/>\nde moindre qualit\u00e9. Il convient de noter que la vente 6, avec un taux de capitalisation de 5,23 % et une faible <\/p>\n<p>Objet Vente 1 Vente 2 Vente 3 Vente 4 Vente 5 Vente 6 Vente 7 Vente 8<\/p>\n<p>Prix de vente, (millions $) \u279b \u279b 7,267 $ 6,145 $ 7,167 $ 6,781 $ 10,088 $ 7,416 $ 9,103 $ 9,311 $<\/p>\n<p>Superficie en acres 3,79 1,66 1,43 1,48 1,41 3,01 2,20 3,76 2,38<\/p>\n<p>Taille du b\u00e2timent (pi2) 33 000 31 112 14 985 26 410 19 643 28 841 24 865 29 472 36 241<\/p>\n<p>Couverture site 20 % 43 % 24 % 41 % 32 % 22 % 26 % 18 % 35 %<\/p>\n<p>\u00c2ge du b\u00e2timent 35 33 11 27 18 17 25 31 39<\/p>\n<p>Type de construction Par rel\u00e8vement M\u00e9tal Par rel\u00e8vement M\u00e9tal Par rel\u00e8vement M\u00e9tal Par rel\u00e8vement M\u00e9tal Par rel\u00e8vement<\/p>\n<p>Port\u00e9e libre en pieds 23 19 22 20 22 22 20 20 20<\/p>\n<p>% en bureaux 12 % 4 % 17 % 8 % 16 % 14 % 10 % 6 % 7 %<\/p>\n<p>Taux de capitalisation 5,98 % 4,13 % 5,49 % 4,77 % 4,64 % 5,23 % 4,95 % 5,31 %<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 48 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>couverture du site de 26 %, montre comment le surplus de terrain peut comprimer les taux de capitalisation.<br \/>\nDans l\u2019ensemble, le taux de capitalisation du bien concern\u00e9 devrait \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne de ce<br \/>\ngroupe et inf\u00e9rieur au taux de 5,23 % de la vente 6.<\/p>\n<p>Groupe 2 : Ventes 2 et 4<br \/>\nLes ventes 2 et 4 ont un taux de capitalisation moyen de 4,45 %, compris entre 4,13 % et 4,77 %. Il s\u2019agit de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s plus r\u00e9centes et plus petites (17 314 pieds carr\u00e9s en moyenne) avec des tailles plus commercialisables<br \/>\net des prix de vente plus bas, ce qui peut r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement les taux de capitalisation. Leurs port\u00e9es libres,<br \/>\nbien que l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles du sujet, sont comp\u00e9titives, mais elles ont moins de terrain exc\u00e9dentaire.<br \/>\nLe taux de capitalisation du sujet devrait donc \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne de 4,45 % de ce groupe.<\/p>\n<p>Groupe 3 : Ventes 5, 7 et 8<br \/>\nLes ventes 5, 7 et 8 sont les plus comparables au bien en objet. Leur taux de capitalisation moyen est de<br \/>\n4,97 %, variant entre 4,64 % et 5,31 %.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Vente 8 (5,31 %) : ce bien est plus grand et plus ancien que le bien en objet, avec une port\u00e9e libre plus<br \/>\nfaible et une couverture du site plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques sugg\u00e8rent que le bien en objet ne<br \/>\ndevrait pas avoir un taux de capitalisation aussi \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Vente 5 (4,64 %) : ce bien est plus petit et plus r\u00e9cent, avec une port\u00e9e libre et une finition des bureaux<br \/>\nsimilaires, et une couverture du site de 22 % (mais pas aussi faible que celle du sujet). Cela fixe une<br \/>\nlimite inf\u00e9rieure pour le taux de capitalisation de l\u2019objet. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Vente 7 (4,95 %) : l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus petit, d\u2019\u00e2ge similaire, avec la couverture du site la plus faible (18 %),<br \/>\nmais une port\u00e9e libre plus faible et une finition des bureaux moins bonne. Ces diff\u00e9rences se compensent<br \/>\nen grande partie, indiquant un taux de capitalisation proche de la valeur probable de l\u2019objet.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION ET S\u00c9LECTION DU TAUX DE CAPITALISATION<br \/>\nLes comparables du groupe 1 (n\u00b0 1, n\u00b0 3 et n\u00b0 6) indiquent que le taux de capitalisation du bien concern\u00e9<br \/>\ndevrait \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 leur moyenne (5,57 %) et inf\u00e9rieur au taux de 5,23 % de la vente 6. Les comparables<br \/>\ndu groupe 2 (n\u00b0 2 et n\u00b0 4) sugg\u00e8rent qu\u2019il devrait \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 4,45 %. Compte tenu de ces r\u00e9sultats, une<br \/>\nfourchette g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de taux de capitalisation d\u2019environ 4,5 % \u00e0 5,2 % est retenue.<\/p>\n<p>Les comparables les plus pertinents (groupe 3) r\u00e9duisent encore la fourchette pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 environ 4,7 % et<br \/>\n5,1 %. Le bien en objet est meilleur que la vente 8, mais moins bon que la vente 5, ce qui laisse supposer<br \/>\nqu\u2019un taux situ\u00e9 au milieu de cette fourchette est appropri\u00e9. En accordant le plus de poids \u00e0 la vente la plus<br \/>\ncomparable, la vente 7, le taux de capitalisation final retenu pour le bien en question est de 4,9 %.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION FINALE<br \/>\nUtilisez la m\u00e9thode en trois \u00e9tapes pour renforcer votre analyse et pr\u00e9senter vos conclusions<br \/>\nde mani\u00e8re convaincante :<br \/>\n1.\t Pr\u00e9sentez une vue d\u2019ensemble ;<br \/>\n2.\tRegroupez les donn\u00e9es ;<br \/>\n3.\tSuivez les principes rh\u00e9toriques classiques pour mieux comprendre vos donn\u00e9es et pr\u00e9senter vos <\/p>\n<p>conclusions de mani\u00e8re convaincante.<\/p>\n<p>NOTES DE FIN<br \/>\n1\t Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (2024). NORMES UNIFORMES DE PRATIQUE PROFESSIONNELLE EN <\/p>\n<p>MATI\u00c8RE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION AU CANADA (NUPPEC). En vigueur le 1er janvier 2024, 8.2.9, page 42.<br \/>\n2\t Appraisal Institute (2020). The Appraisal of Real Estate. 15e \u00e9dition.<br \/>\n3\t Appraisal Institute (2023), Effective Report Writing: A Guide for Appraisers and Reviewers.<br \/>\n4\t Lewis, David &#038; Greene, James (1982). Thinking Better, McClelland and Stewart Ltd., page 27.<br \/>\n5\t Miller, G. A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for <\/p>\n<p>Processing Information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81\u201397.<br \/>\n6\t Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage <\/p>\n<p>capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87\u2013114.<br \/>\n7\t Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556\u2013559.<br \/>\n8\t Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (2024). NORMES UNIFORMES DE PRATIQUE PROFESSIONNELLE EN <\/p>\n<p>MATI\u00c8RE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION AU CANADA (NUPPEC). En vigueur le 1er janvier 2024, 7.5.3, page 35<br \/>\n9\t Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (2024). INSTITUT CANADIEN DES \u00c9VALUATEURS NOTES RELATIVES \u00c0 <\/p>\n<p>LA PRATIQUE 2024 En vigueur le 1er juillet 2024, 3.23.8, page 50, https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/wp-content\/<br \/>\nuploads\/2024-Notes-relatives-a-la-pratique.pdf   <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 49Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024-Notes-relatives-a-la-pratique.pdf<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024-Notes-relatives-a-la-pratique.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Unravelling the use of special exclusions<br \/>\nand limitations in appraisal reports<\/p>\n<p>BY JAMES ROKEBY, P. APP., AACI<\/p>\n<p>The use of Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumptions, Extraordinary<br \/>\nLimiting Conditions, Hypothetical<br \/>\nConditions and Jurisdictional <\/p>\n<p>Exceptions in our appraisal reports has<br \/>\nlong been, in my view, an under-taught,<br \/>\nunder-utilized and often misapplied part of<br \/>\nour practice as appraisers. This is a serious<br \/>\nproblem as their correct use can literally<br \/>\nmake or break your appraisal report, impact<br \/>\nits effectiveness, and determine success or<br \/>\nfailure in the defence of your report should<br \/>\nit be challenged.<\/p>\n<p>Over my 3\u00bd decades of writing<br \/>\nand reviewing appraisal reports, this<br \/>\nis a noted area of weakness in many<br \/>\nappraisal reports. The Canadian Uniform <\/p>\n<p>Standards of Professional Appraisal<br \/>\nPractice (CUSPAP) is where these tools<br \/>\nare introduced and explained. However,<br \/>\nCUSPAP can be confusing, unclear, and,<br \/>\nat times, seemingly contradictory in its<br \/>\nadvice around the use of these critical<br \/>\nstatements. For this article, \u2018Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumptions, Extraordinary Limiting<br \/>\nConditions, Hypothetical Conditions and<br \/>\nJurisdictional Exceptions\u2019 will collectively<br \/>\nbe referred to as \u2018ELCs+.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>This article aims to identify the<br \/>\ndefinitions and examples of each of<br \/>\nthese four exclusions and highlight areas<br \/>\nto help demystify their correct use. To be<br \/>\nclear, this is solely an introduction and<br \/>\nnot an all-encompassing review of all <\/p>\n<p>possible scenarios that may require use<br \/>\nof one or more of these ELCs+, thereby<br \/>\nreducing liability (for both individual<br \/>\nMembers and AIC).<\/p>\n<p>INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS<br \/>\nWHEN DETERMINING WHAT TO<br \/>\nINCLUDE IN APPRAISAL REPORTS<br \/>\nThink about the authorized use of the report.<br \/>\nDoes the report truly align with and support<br \/>\nthe client\u2019s use of the report? Does the report<br \/>\nmake sense for the authorized use? Does<br \/>\nit pass the \u2018sniff\u2019 test? Are the assumptions<br \/>\nreasonable based on the use of the report?<br \/>\nAre they extraordinary? Could there be<br \/>\nanything potentially misleading about the<br \/>\nreport for the authorized use?<\/p>\n<p>Extraordinary<br \/>\nor not? <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 50 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>HUMBLING BACKGROUND<br \/>\nThe very first statement in the CUSPAP 2024<br \/>\ndocument reads: <\/p>\n<p>Compliance with CUSPAP<br \/>\nCompliance with the requirements  <\/p>\n<p>of all components of CUSPAP is<br \/>\nmandatory for all types of Professional <\/p>\n<p>Services Assignments.<\/p>\n<p>Professional Services Assignments<br \/>\ninclude the following: Real Property <\/p>\n<p>Appraisal, Review, Consulting, Reserve<br \/>\nFund Study, Machinery and Equipment <\/p>\n<p>Appraisal, and Mass Appraisal.<\/p>\n<p>That is seriously unambiguous \u2014 a sobering<br \/>\nthought when considering that you can<br \/>\nbe denied liability insurance coverage if<br \/>\nyour report is found to be non-compliant<br \/>\nwith CUSPAP. <\/p>\n<p>There are associated \u2018Standards\u2019<br \/>\nsections in CUSPAP for each of these<br \/>\nprofessional services, plus one other:<br \/>\nthe Reporting Standard. This means that,<br \/>\nif you are preparing an appraisal or a<br \/>\nconsulting assignment, there are at least<br \/>\ntwo Standards to which you must comply<br \/>\n(Reporting and Appraisal Standards or<br \/>\nReporting and Consulting Standards in this<br \/>\nexample). The Ethics Standard contained<br \/>\nwithin CUSPAP also applies to everything<br \/>\nwe do, not just preparing reports.<\/p>\n<p>Another statement in CUSPAP 2024 reads:<\/p>\n<p>Legislation and\/or Regulations<br \/>\nMembers are required to comply <\/p>\n<p>with the applicable legislative and\/or<br \/>\nlicensing requirements for all types of <\/p>\n<p>Professional Services Assignments.<\/p>\n<p>Legislation supersedes CUSPAP.<\/p>\n<p>It is evident that strict compliance with<br \/>\nCUSPAP and legislation is essential.<br \/>\nAvoiding common mistakes and risks \u2014<br \/>\nparticularly those related to CUSPAP<br \/>\ncompliance, such as ELCs+ \u2014 is a critical<br \/>\npart of meeting these requirements.<\/p>\n<p>BREAKING DOWN THE<br \/>\n MEANING AND INTENT OF ELCS+<br \/>\nDigging into the specifics for each type<br \/>\nof limitation, exclusion or assumption <\/p>\n<p>included in the global ELCs+, and providing<br \/>\ndefinitions, explanations and examples<br \/>\nof each type, we can look to CUSPAP for<br \/>\nsome initial guidance on the appropriate<br \/>\n(or inappropriate) use of these special<br \/>\nstatements in our reports: <\/p>\n<p>5.2.1 It is unethical for a Member to<br \/>\ndevelop, use or permit others to use,<br \/>\nfor any purpose, any report which the <\/p>\n<p>Member knows, or ought<br \/>\nto know, is defective, erroneous,  <\/p>\n<p>and\/or misleading.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.4 Before invoking an Extraordinary<br \/>\nLimiting Condition, the Member must <\/p>\n<p>determine that the Scope of Work<br \/>\napplied will result in analyses, opinions <\/p>\n<p>and conclusions that are credible and<br \/>\nwill not be misleading.<\/p>\n<p>7.10.8  An analysis based on a<br \/>\nHypothetical Condition must result in a<br \/>\ncredible analysis and must not result in <\/p>\n<p>a report that is misleading.<\/p>\n<p>Although not specifically stated in<br \/>\nCUSPAP, these qualifications apply<br \/>\nequally to all special statements within the<br \/>\nELCs+ sphere. \u2018Misleading\u2019 is the common<br \/>\ntheme. Members must never produce a<br \/>\nreport that we know, or ought to know,<br \/>\nis misleading.  <\/p>\n<p>Most often, the issuance of a potentially<br \/>\nmisleading report is not intentional.<br \/>\nTo help avoid this, step back and consider<br \/>\nobjectively the \u2018initial considerations\u2019 in this<br \/>\narticle and apply them when considering an<br \/>\nassignment and its content.<\/p>\n<p>EXTRAORDINARY LIMITING CONDITIONS<br \/>\nThe CUSPAP definition of Extraordinary<br \/>\nLimiting Conditions reads:<\/p>\n<p>3.29 A necessary modification or<br \/>\nexclusion of a Standard Rule which may <\/p>\n<p>diminish the reliability of the report.<\/p>\n<p>This sounds simple enough. In preparing<br \/>\na report, if Members do anything outside<br \/>\nthe specific requirements of any of the<br \/>\neight Standards in CUSPAP, then they<br \/>\nmust invoke an Extraordinary Limiting<br \/>\nCondition. Why might one ignore or modify<br \/>\na Standards rule?<\/p>\n<p>Some examples include lacking<br \/>\nan interior inspection of the subject<br \/>\nimprovements, excluding an approach to<br \/>\nvalue that the Reasonable Appraiser would<br \/>\ntypically undertake, ignoring the scheme in<br \/>\nan expropriation appraisal, not completing<br \/>\na title search, or lacking liability insurance<br \/>\nif the property is outside of Canada. <\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP further states:<\/p>\n<p>7.9.5 The Member must include<br \/>\nan explanation and justification of<br \/>\nExtraordinary Limiting Conditions <\/p>\n<p>in the Report.<\/p>\n<p>9.3.2 A Member must personally<br \/>\ninspect the subject property or <\/p>\n<p>identify an Extraordinary Limiting<br \/>\nCondition if they did not.<\/p>\n<p>EXCLUSION OF AN APPROACH TO VALUE:<br \/>\n(IS IT EXTRAORDINARY?)<br \/>\nThere are two issues here (and for other<br \/>\npotential ELCs); is it in fact \u2018extraordinary\u2019;<br \/>\nand if so, what is the correct and compliant<br \/>\napplication and explanation of the ELC.<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP states:<\/p>\n<p>Excluding an approach to value that<br \/>\nis relevant under the \u2018Reasonable <\/p>\n<p>Appraiser\u2019 test requires:<\/p>\n<p>An Extraordinary Limiting Condition,<br \/>\nand supporting reasons.<\/p>\n<p>Excluding an approach to value that<br \/>\nis not relevant under the \u2018Reasonable <\/p>\n<p>Appraiser\u2019 test requires:<\/p>\n<p>Supporting reasons only.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, excluding an approach to<br \/>\nvalue that the Reasonable Appraiser would<br \/>\nnot complete (i.e., an Income Approach in<br \/>\na typical single-family dwelling report)<br \/>\nis not extraordinary as far as CUSPAP is<br \/>\nconcerned. To be fully compliant with<br \/>\nCUSPAP, the appraiser simply needs to<br \/>\nexplain that it is an approach not relevant to<br \/>\nthe assignment, and why.<\/p>\n<p>Alternately, not completing an Income<br \/>\nApproach on a rental apartment building<br \/>\ndoes indeed require an ELC because the<br \/>\nReasonable Appraiser would complete it. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 51Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Real Property Appraisal Standard Rule<br \/>\n8.2.3 requires the appraiser to \u2018identify<br \/>\nthe property and describe its location and<br \/>\ncharacteristics.\u2019 As such, it is acknowledged<br \/>\nthat reliance on the results of this report may<br \/>\nbe diminished by the lack of an inspection.<\/p>\n<p>This clearly constitutes an<br \/>\nExtraordinary Limiting Condition and<br \/>\nshould be treated and discussed in the<br \/>\nreport as such. Further, because no<br \/>\ninspection of the property was completed,<br \/>\nthis will also result in the need for further<br \/>\nELCs+ (Extraordinary Assumptions at<br \/>\nminimum). The report will need to lay out<br \/>\nwhat assumptions were made with respect<br \/>\nto the subject property, for example, its<br \/>\nquality, condition, layout, etc., and how<br \/>\nsuch assumptions might impact the report.<br \/>\nThe report should also provide support<br \/>\nfor the content of your assumptions (data<br \/>\nsources) to be valid and not misleading.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s now look at Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumptions and how to invoke them in<br \/>\ncompliance with CUSPAP.<\/p>\n<p>EXTRAORDINARY ASSUMPTIONS<br \/>\nCUSPAP definition:<\/p>\n<p>3.28 An assumption, directly related to<br \/>\na specific assignment, which, if found<br \/>\nto be false, could materially alter the <\/p>\n<p>opinions or conclusions.<\/p>\n<p>Extraordinary Assumptions presume<br \/>\nas fact otherwise uncertain information <\/p>\n<p>about or anticipated changes in<br \/>\nthe physical, legal or economic <\/p>\n<p>characteristics of the subject property,<br \/>\nor about conditions external to the <\/p>\n<p>subject property such as market<br \/>\nconditions or trends, or the integrity of <\/p>\n<p>data used in an analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Examining the difference between this and<br \/>\na Hypothetical Condition can be subtle and<br \/>\neasily mischaracterized, and the Standards<br \/>\nmust be kept front of mind.<\/p>\n<p>You need to very carefully consider<br \/>\nexcluding an approach to value that would<br \/>\ntypically be considered relevant to the<br \/>\nassignment before invoking such an ELC.<br \/>\nConsider if there is a valid reason to not<br \/>\ncomplete the approach and if it will impair<br \/>\nthe ability to value the property based on<br \/>\nmarket expectations. Is there a lack of data<br \/>\nor of property details? Is quick turnaround<br \/>\ntime impacting the decision? Does the<br \/>\nclient not want to pay for the inclusion of<br \/>\nthis approach? Be very careful about these.<br \/>\nA few examples follow:<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 1: <\/p>\n<p>Excluding the Cost Approach (an ELC)<br \/>\nThe subject property includes a newly<br \/>\nconstructed building. However, the Cost<br \/>\nApproach has not been included at the<br \/>\nrequest of the client. As this is an approach<br \/>\nnormally considered relevant to the<br \/>\nvaluation of new or newer improvements,<br \/>\nan Extraordinary Limiting Condition has<br \/>\nbeen invoked.<\/p>\n<p>Real Property Appraisal Standard 8.2.8<br \/>\nrequires an appraiser to \u2018describe and<br \/>\napply the appraisal procedures relevant<br \/>\nto the Assignment.\u2019  <\/p>\n<p>As a result, reliance on this report may<br \/>\nbe diminished by the exclusion of the Cost<br \/>\nApproach. Were the property to include<br \/>\na 70-year-old industrial building nearing<br \/>\nthe end of its useful life, then excluding the<br \/>\nCost Approach would not require an ELC,<br \/>\nas neither the market nor the Reasonable<br \/>\nAppraiser would consider this methodology<br \/>\nto determine price\/value.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 2: <\/p>\n<p>No inspection of the subject property<br \/>\nAlthough attempts were made, the subject<br \/>\nproperty was not inspected because of a<br \/>\ndispute between the client and the property<br \/>\nowner. An Extraordinary Limiting Condition<br \/>\nhas been invoked as a result.<\/p>\n<p>Reporting Standard Rule 7.5.1.i requires<br \/>\ninspection of the subject property and <\/p>\n<p>Some examples of Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumptions include the absence of<br \/>\ncontamination where contamination is<br \/>\npossible, the inspection of the property<br \/>\ntaking place after the effective date<br \/>\n(retrospective valuations), a portion of the<br \/>\nproperty not being available for inspection,<br \/>\nmunicipal sanitary service availability when<br \/>\ntiming is uncertain, if the in-process zone<br \/>\nchange approval will be successful, and a<br \/>\nprospective appraisal. Further rules from the<br \/>\nReporting Standard (CUSPAP 2024) state:<\/p>\n<p>7.9.1 If an Extraordinary Assumption<br \/>\nis invoked, wherever an opinion or <\/p>\n<p>conclusion is stated within a Report, the<br \/>\nExtraordinary Assumption <\/p>\n<p>must be stated in its entirety or a<br \/>\nreference to its exact location in the <\/p>\n<p>report must be provided.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.2 When referencing the subject<br \/>\nmatter of an Extraordinary Assumption<br \/>\nin a report, it must be clearly indicated <\/p>\n<p>that the opinions or conclusions are<br \/>\nbased on the Extraordinary Assumption.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.3 Wherever an Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumption is referenced in a report, <\/p>\n<p>it must be clearly identified as an<br \/>\nExtraordinary Assumption.<\/p>\n<p>Professional assistance<br \/>\nfrom non-member: <\/p>\n<p>7.12.5 An Extraordinary Assumption<br \/>\nand\/or a Limiting Condition regarding <\/p>\n<p>the Designated Member\u2019s reliance upon<br \/>\nProfessional Assistance provided by a<br \/>\nnon-member must be included in the <\/p>\n<p>Certification of a report.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 3: <\/p>\n<p>Condition of the property (retrospective)<br \/>\nThe subject property was inspected on<br \/>\nMay 10, 2025, and the effective date of the<br \/>\nreport was July 1, 2023. It is assumed that<br \/>\nno significant changes have happened to<br \/>\nthe property between the effective date <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 52 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>and the inspection date unless otherwise<br \/>\nconfirmed and detailed in the Report.<br \/>\nIf this assumption is found to be incorrect,<br \/>\nit could impact the findings of market value<br \/>\nas reported.<\/p>\n<p>This is a fairly common EA in appraisal<br \/>\nreports (particularly for those doing<br \/>\nretrospective valuations). The key is to be<br \/>\nclear about any changes to the property<br \/>\nbetween effective and inspection dates that<br \/>\ncan be confirmed and to have that be reflected<br \/>\nin the valuation. Rarely are properties exactly<br \/>\nthe same from one date to another, so be clear<br \/>\nand concise in the description in the Report<br \/>\n(as referenced in your EA).<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 4:<\/p>\n<p> Land use amendments<br \/>\nThe subject property is currently zoned<br \/>\nMR-2. As of the effective date of the<br \/>\nvaluation, the property owner has<br \/>\nsubmitted a zone change application<br \/>\nseeking increased density with MR-3 zoning<br \/>\n(such approval is considered probable).<br \/>\nThe report and its findings are based on the<br \/>\nassumption that the MR-3 zoning will be<br \/>\napproved (see \u2018Land Use Controls\u2019 starting<br \/>\non Page 43 for further discussion). Without<br \/>\nthis assumption, the findings of market<br \/>\nvalue within the report could be different.  <\/p>\n<p>Breaking this down, when invoking<br \/>\nsuch an assumption, it must be clear that<br \/>\nthe anticipated change to the zoning of<br \/>\nthe property and the resulting increase in<br \/>\ndevelopment density is indeed probable<br \/>\n(think Highest and Best Use \u2013 probable<br \/>\nversus possible). Further, dealing with this<br \/>\nassumption from a valuation perspective<br \/>\nis as important as the EA itself. How do you<br \/>\nreflect the potential increase in density<br \/>\nin the current valuation? A prospective<br \/>\nvaluation could be an option, but this will<br \/>\nresult in a different value than examining<br \/>\nthe current value of the potential. It can<br \/>\nbe subtle, but very important to get right.<br \/>\nAgain, what is the objective of the client?<br \/>\nIt must all align and be consistent.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 5:<\/p>\n<p>Absence of contamination<br \/>\nThe subject property is located in<br \/>\nthe vicinity of known environmental<br \/>\ncontamination sources and may be<br \/>\nimpacted. An environmental impact survey<br \/>\nhas not been completed on the property as<br \/>\nof the effective date of the report. For the<br \/>\nauthorized use of the report, it is assumed<br \/>\nthat the subject property is not negatively<br \/>\nimpacted by contamination detrimental<br \/>\nto its value.<\/p>\n<p>If this assumption is found to be<br \/>\nincorrect, it could impact the findings of<br \/>\nmarket value as reported. Any liability for<br \/>\nthe impact of potential contamination of<br \/>\nthe subject property is expressly denied by<br \/>\nthe appraiser.<\/p>\n<p>In this scenario, it would be ideal (and<br \/>\nstrongly advisable) that this Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumption was as mandated by the client<br \/>\nin writing and should be referenced as<br \/>\nsuch in the EA. This leaves no doubt as to<br \/>\nthe reasons for the appraiser making the<br \/>\nassumption. If, however, the authorized<br \/>\nuse is for a purpose where possible<br \/>\ncontamination should indeed be considered<br \/>\n(think valuation of assets for a divorce<br \/>\nproceeding for instance), the client\u2019s urging<br \/>\nto ignore it may not be sufficient and could<br \/>\nlead to the issuance of a misleading report.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 6: <\/p>\n<p>Municipal sanitary service<br \/>\nDevelopment of the subject property<br \/>\nfor residential subdivision purposes<br \/>\nis dependent upon the availability of<br \/>\nmunicipal sanitary service. As of the<br \/>\neffective date of the valuation, it is uncertain<br \/>\nwhen sanitary service will be available to<br \/>\nthe property. Through consultation with<br \/>\nthe local municipality and the developer<br \/>\n(refer to \u2018Servicing\u2019 discussion, Page 54), it<br \/>\nhas been assumed for reasonable analysis<br \/>\npurposes that sanitary sewer services will<br \/>\nbe available in approximately five years <\/p>\n<p>(from the effective date). Without this<br \/>\nassumption, the findings of market value<br \/>\nwithin the report could be different.<\/p>\n<p>For those valuing development land,<br \/>\nthe timing and availability of services is<br \/>\nkey to value in most instances. For analysis<br \/>\npurposes, we need to make a reasonable<br \/>\nassumption about these services in<br \/>\nconsultation with local municipalities,<br \/>\nengineers, developers and other sources of<br \/>\nsupport for these estimates.<\/p>\n<p>To convey to your client and users of the<br \/>\nreport that there is a reasonable range of<br \/>\npotential outcomes (servicing availability)<br \/>\nleading to a range of potential current<br \/>\nvalues depending on the overall consensus<br \/>\nof concerned parties on this critical timing,<br \/>\na sensitivity analysis within the report<br \/>\ncould be considered. Again, consistency<br \/>\nand clarity in terms of the  research,<br \/>\nassumptions, and their potential impact<br \/>\nto the valuation is key in minimizing the<br \/>\npotential liability from such a report.<\/p>\n<p>HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONS<br \/>\nThere is significant potential cross-over<br \/>\nbetween Extraordinary Assumptions and<br \/>\nHypothetical Conditions and they can often<br \/>\nbe confused. Examining the critical difference<br \/>\nbetween them and reviewing some examples<br \/>\naims to bring some further clarity.<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP definition:<\/p>\n<p>3.3.6 Hypothetical Conditions are<br \/>\na specific type of Extraordinary <\/p>\n<p>Assumption that presumes, as fact,<br \/>\nsimulated but untrue information<br \/>\nabout physical, legal or economic <\/p>\n<p>characteristics of the subject property<br \/>\nor external conditions, and are imposed <\/p>\n<p>for purposes of reasonable analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Reading this and the EA definition again,<br \/>\nthe key when making an EA versus a HC,<br \/>\nis the distinction of the assumption being <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 53Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>presumed but uncertain versus presumed<br \/>\nbut untrue.<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP Section 7.10 of the Reporting<br \/>\nStandard provides some further<br \/>\nclarification and requirements when<br \/>\ninvoking Hypothetical Conditions. It is<br \/>\nstrongly recommended to review this<br \/>\nsection of CUSPAP whenever invoking<br \/>\nan HC is a consideration. In summary,<br \/>\nHypothetical Conditions may be used when<br \/>\nthey are required for legal purposes, for<br \/>\npurposes of reasonable analysis or for<br \/>\npurposes of comparison. It must be clear to<br \/>\nthe reader that the property condition does<br \/>\nnot, in fact, exist as at the date of appraisal,<br \/>\nand the analysis performed to develop the<br \/>\nopinion of value is based on a hypothesis.  <\/p>\n<p>For certain valid and appropriate<br \/>\nHypothetical Conditions, some of the<br \/>\n7.10 requirements do not apply. For<br \/>\ninstance, for an expropriation report, it<br \/>\nmay be necessary to completely ignore<br \/>\nthe reality of the scheme (reason for<br \/>\nthe expropriation) to correctly value the<br \/>\nproperty in law. This would make iii and iv in<br \/>\n7.10.5 not applicable as such cannot happen<br \/>\nin reality. It would be good to highlight<br \/>\nthis in such a report to avoid any potential<br \/>\nCUSPAP compliance concerns.<\/p>\n<p>Further CUSPAP guidance states:<\/p>\n<p>7.10.6 Reports for expropriation can<br \/>\nrequire Hypothetical Conditions and<br \/>\nmay require the Member to invoke a <\/p>\n<p>Jurisdictional Exception.<\/p>\n<p>7.10.7 The Hypothetical Condition must<br \/>\nbe clearly disclosed in the report, with <\/p>\n<p>a description of the hypothesis, the<br \/>\nrationale for its use, and its effect on the <\/p>\n<p>result of the Assignment.<\/p>\n<p>7.10.8 An analysis based on a<br \/>\nHypothetical Condition must result in a<br \/>\ncredible analysis and must not result in <\/p>\n<p>a report that is misleading.<\/p>\n<p>9.10.1.i If a lease is to be disregarded<br \/>\nand the Assignment is of the fee <\/p>\n<p>simple interest and not the leased<br \/>\nfee, an Extraordinary Assumption <\/p>\n<p>(Hypothetical Condition) is required.<\/p>\n<p>Some examples of potential Hypothetical<br \/>\nConditions include the absence of<br \/>\ncontamination where such contamination<br \/>\nexists, municipal sanitary sewer when none<br \/>\nis available, assumed residential zoning<br \/>\nwhere agricultural zoning is in place,<br \/>\nrezoning has been achieved when it has<br \/>\nnot, assumed renovated condition when<br \/>\nrenovation remains incomplete, repairs<br \/>\nor improvements 100% complete when<br \/>\nuntrue, ignoring a lease in place and an<br \/>\nexpropriation scheme is disregarded. <\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 7:<\/p>\n<p>Absence of contamination<br \/>\nThe subject property is known to have<br \/>\nenvironmental contamination due to its<br \/>\nproximity to a previous landfill operation<br \/>\nin this location. Remediation of the<br \/>\nenvironmental contamination from the<br \/>\nsite would likely require complete<br \/>\ndemolition of the improvements and<br \/>\nexcavation and fill of the site to allow<br \/>\nfor redevelopment of the property.<br \/>\nRemediation costs remain unknown.<\/p>\n<p>The report is completed under the<br \/>\nhypothetical condition that there is no<br \/>\nenvironmental contamination affecting<br \/>\nthe subject property for reasonable<br \/>\nanalysis purposes and for the authorized<br \/>\nuse of the report (litigation with respect<br \/>\nto the potential contamination). The values<br \/>\nreported herein would be different in<br \/>\nabsence of this hypothesis. An Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumption has been invoked as a result<br \/>\n(may not be required).<\/p>\n<p>This or similar scenarios are not<br \/>\nuncommon and require some careful<br \/>\nconsideration before undertaking. The key <\/p>\n<p>is often ensuring that the objective of<br \/>\nyour client and the authorized use of the<br \/>\nreport align without question. With many of<br \/>\nthese potential hypotheticals, they may be<br \/>\nquite appropriate in some circumstances<br \/>\nand entirely inappropriate and misleading<br \/>\nin others.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 8: <\/p>\n<p>Municipal highway expansion<br \/>\nThe subject property (a rural residential<br \/>\ndwelling) is the subject of an expropriation<br \/>\nof a portion of the site wherein the<br \/>\nre-alignment of Highway 1 will bring the<br \/>\nroadway very close to the dwelling. It is the<br \/>\nhypothetical assumption for the report, for<br \/>\nreasonable analysis purposes according<br \/>\nto a required Jurisdictional Exception<br \/>\n(refer to Page 23), that the re-alignment<br \/>\nof the highway is not taking place, thereby<br \/>\nnot impacting the subject property nor its<br \/>\nmarket value. Without this assumption,<br \/>\nthe findings of market value within the<br \/>\nreport could be different. An Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumption has been invoked as a result<br \/>\n(may not be required).<\/p>\n<p>There are many expropriation matters that<br \/>\nlegitimately require one or more Hypothetical<br \/>\nConditions. To ignore the law with respect to<br \/>\nmunicipal takings and reporting requirements<br \/>\nfor compensation is folly. Be sure to fully<br \/>\nunderstand what is required for these reports<br \/>\nand ensure CUSPAP compliance with the use<br \/>\nof these exclusions.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 9: <\/p>\n<p>Building is 100% complete<br \/>\nAs of the effective date of the report, the<br \/>\nsubject property remains under construction<br \/>\nand is not ready for occupancy. The analysis in<br \/>\nthe report is completed under the hypothetical<br \/>\ncondition that the subject building is 100%<br \/>\ncomplete as of the effective date, at the<br \/>\nrequest of the mortgagee. It is expected that<br \/>\nthe subject building will be completed within<br \/>\nsix months of the effective date based on<br \/>\ncurrent projections from the developer.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 54 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>The values reported herein would be<br \/>\ndifferent in absence of this hypothesis.<br \/>\nAn Extraordinary Assumption has been<br \/>\ninvoked as a result (may not be required).<\/p>\n<p>Another common scenario; a current<br \/>\nvalue of the property \u2018as-if complete.\u2019 It is<br \/>\ncritical that any report makes very clear from<br \/>\nthe outset that the property is, in fact, not<br \/>\ncomplete as of the effective date and that the<br \/>\nvalue conclusions in the report are based on<br \/>\nthe hypothesis that the building is complete.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 10: <\/p>\n<p>House and five acres for mortgage financing<br \/>\nAs of the effective date of the report, the<br \/>\nsubject property, as legally described,<br \/>\nincludes 100 acres of land and various<br \/>\nagricultural outbuildings, along with a<br \/>\nsingle-family dwelling. As per the request<br \/>\nof the client (lending institution), the<br \/>\nreport values the existing dwelling on<br \/>\na hypothetical five acres of separately<br \/>\nconveyable land (as described in the<br \/>\nreport) without any value contribution<br \/>\nof the agricultural outbuildings nor any<br \/>\nconsideration of the highest and best use of<br \/>\nthe larger parcel.  <\/p>\n<p>The hypothetical entity as valued does<br \/>\nnot exist and cannot be created through<br \/>\nseverance as it is not currently allowed within<br \/>\nthe zoning by-law. A valuation of the entire<br \/>\nlegal entity would result in a different value<br \/>\nconclusion and may be greater or lesser than<br \/>\nthe hypothetical entity. An Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumption has been invoked as a result<br \/>\n(may not be required).<\/p>\n<p>This common scenario can be a bit of a<br \/>\nmine field and one that appraisers face on<br \/>\na regular basis. Although it is unlikely that<br \/>\nthe larger parcel would be valued lower<br \/>\nthan the hypothetical house and five acres,<br \/>\nit is not impossible (think contamination<br \/>\nin a portion of the larger parcel). It is<br \/>\nadvisable to remind the client overtly<br \/>\nthat the appraiser takes no responsibility<br \/>\nfor any positive or negative influence of<br \/>\nconsideration of the entire legal parcel.  <\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind also that, although<br \/>\nthe property\u2019s hog barn may be outside<br \/>\nthe hypothetical five-acre parcel, any<br \/>\nanalysis should nonetheless consider the<br \/>\nimpact of its proximity to such a potential<br \/>\nnegative influence.<\/p>\n<p>As with all special exclusions, be very<br \/>\nclear about the assumptions made and<br \/>\nthe impact of those assumptions. Be sure,<br \/>\nequally, that this type of request aligns<br \/>\nwith the client\u2019s use of the report (i.e., this<br \/>\nmay be entirely appropriate for a mortgage<br \/>\nfinancing report, but entirely inappropriate<br \/>\nand misleading for a divorce or partnership<br \/>\ndispute valuation).<\/p>\n<p>JURISDICTIONAL EXCEPTIONS<br \/>\nCUSPAP definition<\/p>\n<p>3.4.3 An assignment condition that<br \/>\npermits the Member to disregard a <\/p>\n<p>part or parts of these Standards that<br \/>\nare determined to be contrary to law or<br \/>\npublic policy in a given jurisdiction;\u00a0only<br \/>\nthat part shall be disregarded\u00a0and of no <\/p>\n<p>force or effect in that jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p>Jurisdiction relates to the legal<br \/>\nauthority to legislate, apply, or interpret <\/p>\n<p>law at either the federal, provincial,<br \/>\nor local levels of government. <\/p>\n<p>A Jurisdictional Exception must<br \/>\nflow from legislation (Acts, Bylaws, <\/p>\n<p>Procedures authorized and developed<br \/>\nfrom Bylaws, or case law). [see 19.8]<\/p>\n<p>In a report, the Member must identify<br \/>\nthe part or parts of CUSPAP disregarded <\/p>\n<p>as well as provide a reference to the<br \/>\nlaw, regulation or legal authority that <\/p>\n<p>precludes compliance and supports the<br \/>\nJurisdictional Exception.<\/p>\n<p>It is the responsibility of the Member,<br \/>\nnot the Authorized Client or other<br \/>\nAuthorized User(s), to determine <\/p>\n<p>whether the use of a Jurisdictional<br \/>\nException is appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>Three examples of potential Jurisdictional<br \/>\nExceptions involve the Expropriation Act \u2013<br \/>\nIgnoring the Scheme; the Excise Tax Act \u2013<br \/>\nSelf-supply for Federal GST\/HST<br \/>\npurposes; and the municipal assessment<br \/>\nvaluation \u2013 fairness.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLE 11: <\/p>\n<p>Ignoring the Scheme<br \/>\nAs of the effective date of the report,<br \/>\nthe subject property (a rural residential<br \/>\ndwelling) is the subject of an expropriation<br \/>\nof a portion of the site wherein the<br \/>\nre-alignment of Highway 1 will bring the<br \/>\nroadway very close to the dwelling.<\/p>\n<p>The Expropriation Act R.S.O. 1990,<br \/>\nc. E.26 often requires valuations for<br \/>\nexpropriation to ignore the impact of the<br \/>\nreason for the expropriation itself<br \/>\n(i.e., \u2018ignore the scheme\u2019) when<br \/>\nvaluing assets to determine appropriate<br \/>\ncompensation; this is one such circumstance.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, certain parts of CUSPAP<br \/>\nSection 8 (Real Property Appraisal<br \/>\nStandard) have been ignored or modified,<br \/>\nincluding parts 8.2.3, 8.2.4, 8.2.5, 8.2.6<br \/>\nand 8.2.12.<\/p>\n<p>The values reported herein could be<br \/>\ndifferent in absence of this Jurisdictional<br \/>\nException.  Associated Extraordinary<br \/>\nLimiting Conditions and Hypothetical<br \/>\nConditions have been invoked as a result<br \/>\n(refer to Pages 10 &#038; 11).<\/p>\n<p>The results of the valuation are<br \/>\ninvalid for any purpose other than for<br \/>\ndetermination of compensation as a result<br \/>\nof expropriation of the subject property.<\/p>\n<p>This is an example of the detail required<br \/>\nin a Jurisdictional Exception (JE) when<br \/>\nlegislation or policy requires us to complete<br \/>\nan analysis or valuation differently than<br \/>\nwould normally be done. As outlined<br \/>\nin CUSPAP, the JE must reference the<br \/>\nlegislation or policy that leads to the need<br \/>\nto ignore or modify the Standard(s) and it<br \/>\nmust reference the Standard(s) that<br \/>\nwere ignored or modified for reasonable <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 55Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>analysis purposes. Best practice would<br \/>\nbe to include a statement specifically<br \/>\nexcluding the use of the report for any<br \/>\nother purpose. Further, there will almost<br \/>\ncertainly be other ELCs+ required in the<br \/>\nreport associated with the JE that has<br \/>\nbeen invoked.<\/p>\n<p>Although CUSPAP is very clear that it<br \/>\nis a Member\u2019s responsibility to determine<br \/>\nthe appropriateness of a Jurisdictional<br \/>\nException, it is also critical to discuss this<br \/>\nwith the client in detail prior to completion<br \/>\nof a report under such a limitation.<\/p>\n<p>SCENARIOS FOR CONSIDERATION<br \/>\nThe following are some potential situations<br \/>\ncommon to AIC Members that should lead<br \/>\nto consideration of the appropriateness of<br \/>\na request and which ELCs+ may need to be<br \/>\ninvoked to appropriately value a property.<br \/>\nTalk about these with colleagues and<br \/>\ndevelop appropriate verbiage (including<br \/>\ndetailed ELCs+ for the scenarios being seen<br \/>\non a regular basis):<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t A CRA being asked to value a house<br \/>\non a commercially zoned site for<br \/>\nbank financing<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Expropriation valuation for<br \/>\ndevelopment land where no services<br \/>\ncurrently exist<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Being asked to complete an appraisal<br \/>\nabsent an inspection<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t A lawyer asking a CRA to appraise<br \/>\na 50-acre farm property for divorce<br \/>\nsettlement (Can just the house and five<br \/>\nacres be valued if the lawyer agrees?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Being asked to appraise a house<br \/>\nwhere a murder recently took place<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t A lawyer requesting an appraisal of a<br \/>\ncontaminated industrial property<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Being requested to complete an<br \/>\nappraisal outside of Canada<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Cosigning a report for a Candidate<br \/>\nwhere the Cosigner did not inspect the<br \/>\nproperty (hint: 9.3.2)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t An A ACI inspecting four apartment<br \/>\nunits in a 100-unit building for<br \/>\nmortgage financing<\/p>\n<p>SUMMARY<br \/>\nThere is a myriad of circumstances where the<br \/>\nuse of one or some combination of ELCs+ is<br \/>\ncritical to a valuation report. Equally, there<br \/>\nare many circumstances where their use is<br \/>\ninappropriate and can lead to the issuance<br \/>\nof a potentially misleading report, exposing<br \/>\nthe appraiser and AIC to significant liability.<br \/>\nUnderstanding this difference in reports and<br \/>\nin practice is step one in keeping reports on<br \/>\ntrack and in compliance.<\/p>\n<p>Importantly, ELCs+ are not a carte<br \/>\nblanche for AIC Members to make any<br \/>\nmanner of wild assumptions or hypotheticals<br \/>\nthat clients may request in order to<br \/>\nencourage an outcome in their favour. There<br \/>\nmust always be rational, supportable, and<br \/>\ndefensible reasons for invoking any ELCs+ as<br \/>\nprovided for within CUSPAP.<\/p>\n<p>Be sure to reference the invocation of any<br \/>\nELCs+ wherever a value conclusion is stated<br \/>\nand where other critical conclusions are<br \/>\ndrawn within a report (i.e., highest and best<br \/>\nuse analysis, land use controls discussion).<br \/>\nIt is not sufficient for ELCs+ to be correct and<br \/>\nappropriate; they must also be made very<br \/>\nclear and obvious to the readers or users of<br \/>\nthe report.<\/p>\n<p>When using these critical tools, be clear,<br \/>\nbe careful, be critical and ultimately be<br \/>\nconfident that the resulting valuation is not<br \/>\npotentially misleading and aligns with client\u2019s<br \/>\nuse of the findings of the report. Be a devil\u2019s<br \/>\nadvocate for any personal or company report<br \/>\nassumptions \u2013 step back and assess the use<br \/>\nof ELCs+ coldly and objectively. Consistently<br \/>\nemploying these steps contributes ultimately<br \/>\nto maintaining credibility as a professional;<br \/>\nsuch is invaluable.<\/p>\n<p>It is one (unfortunate) thing to breeze<br \/>\nover ordinary Assumptions and Limiting<br \/>\nConditions in reports; it is an even more<br \/>\nserious risk to employ ELCs+ randomly<br \/>\nor carelessly without truly understanding<br \/>\nthe impact of their invocation on both the<br \/>\nvalue conclusions and the effective and<br \/>\nappropriate use of reports. <\/p>\n<p>SHARP APPRAISAL<br \/>\nIS GROWING!!<br \/>\nWe are seeking experienced residential appraisers<br \/>\nto join our team, covering GTA &#8211; Toronto including<br \/>\nHamilton to Niagara Falls, Brantford, Cambridge,<br \/>\nKitchener, Guelph, and the Peel Region.<\/p>\n<p>If you have experience in residential appraisals, and<br \/>\na strong understanding of local real estate markets<br \/>\nthen it\u2019s time to join the Sharp Team.  <\/p>\n<p>We offer the opportunity to join a reputable<br \/>\nfirm dedicated to delivering high-quality<br \/>\nappraisal services.<\/p>\n<p>Send CV to resumes@sharpappraisal.ca<\/p>\n<p>www.sharpappraisal.ca<br \/>\nContact Lorenzo at 416-887-7001<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 56 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:resumes@sharpappraisal.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.sharpappraisal.ca<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9mystifier l\u2019utilisation des<br \/>\nexclusions et limitations sp\u00e9ciales<br \/>\ndans les rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/p>\n<p>PAR JAMES ROKEBY, \u00c9. PRO., AACI<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\nextraordinaires, de conditions<br \/>\nlimitatives exceptionnelles, de<br \/>\nconditions hypoth\u00e9tiques et <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019exceptions juridictionnelles dans nos<br \/>\nrapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0<br \/>\nmon avis, une partie sous-enseign\u00e9e, sous-<br \/>\nutilis\u00e9e et souvent mal appliqu\u00e9e de notre<br \/>\npratique en tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuateurs. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0<br \/>\nd\u2019un probl\u00e8me grave, car leur utilisation<br \/>\ncorrecte peut litt\u00e9ralement faire r\u00e9ussir<br \/>\nou \u00e9chouer votre rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\navoir une incidence sur son efficacit\u00e9<br \/>\net d\u00e9terminer le succ\u00e8s ou l\u2019\u00e9chec de la<br \/>\nd\u00e9fense de votre rapport s\u2019il est contest\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Au cours de mes 35 ans pass\u00e9es \u00e0 r\u00e9diger<br \/>\net \u00e0 r\u00e9viser des rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\nj\u2019ai constat\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait l\u00e0 d\u2019un point<br \/>\nfaible notable dans de nombreux rapports<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation. Les Normes uniformes de<br \/>\npratiques professionnelles en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada (NUPPEC) sont<br \/>\nle document dans lequel ces outils sont<br \/>\npr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et expliqu\u00e9s. Cependant,<br \/>\nles NUPPEC peuvent \u00eatre source de<br \/>\nconfusion, manquer de clart\u00e9 et, parfois,<br \/>\nsembler contradictoires dans leurs <\/p>\n<p>conseils concernant l\u2019utilisation de ces<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments critiques. Aux fins du pr\u00e9sent<br \/>\narticle, les hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires, les<br \/>\nconditions limitatives exceptionnelles, les<br \/>\nconditions hypoth\u00e9tiques et les exceptions<br \/>\njuridictionnelles seront collectivement<br \/>\nd\u00e9sign\u00e9es par l\u2019acronyme \u00ab CLE+ \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article vise \u00e0 identifier les<br \/>\nd\u00e9finitions et les exemples de chacune<br \/>\nde ces quatre exclusions et \u00e0 mettre en<br \/>\n\u00e9vidence les domaines afin de d\u00e9mystifier<br \/>\nleur utilisation correcte. Pour \u00eatre clair, il<br \/>\ns\u2019agit uniquement d\u2019une introduction et non<br \/>\nd\u2019un examen exhaustif de tous les sc\u00e9narios<br \/>\npossibles qui pourraient n\u00e9cessiter<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation d\u2019une ou plusieurs de ces CLE+,<br \/>\nr\u00e9duisant ainsi la responsabilit\u00e9 (tant pour<br \/>\nles membres individuels que pour l\u2019ICE).<\/p>\n<p>CONSID\u00c9RATIONS INITIALES<br \/>\nPOUR D\u00c9TERMINER CE QU\u2019IL<br \/>\nCONVIENT D\u2019INCLURE DANS<br \/>\nLES RAPPORTS D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION<br \/>\nPensez \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e du rapport.<br \/>\nLe rapport correspond-il vraiment \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation que le client en fait et la<br \/>\nsoutient-il ? Le rapport est-il pertinent pour <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e ? Passe-t-il le test<br \/>\n\u00ab au pif \u00bb ? Les hypoth\u00e8ses sont-elles<br \/>\nraisonnables compte tenu de l\u2019utilisation du<br \/>\nrapport ? Sont-elles extraordinaires ?<br \/>\nLe rapport pourrait-il contenir des \u00e9l\u00e9ments<br \/>\nsusceptibles d\u2019induire en erreur pour<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n<p>MISE EN CONTEXTE<br \/>\nLa toute premi\u00e8re d\u00e9claration des NUPPEC<br \/>\n2024 est la suivante :<\/p>\n<p>Conformit\u00e9 au NUPPEC<br \/>\nLa conformit\u00e9 aux exigences de toutes <\/p>\n<p>les composantes des NUPPEC est<br \/>\nobligatoire pour tous les types de <\/p>\n<p>contrats de services professionnels.<br \/>\nLes contrats de services <\/p>\n<p>professionnels comprennent :<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re, examen,<br \/>\nconsultation, \u00e9tude des fonds de <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9voyance, \u00e9valuation de machinerie et<br \/>\n\u00e9quipement, et \u00e9valuation de masse.<\/p>\n<p>Cela ne laisse aucune ambigu\u00eft\u00e9, ce qui<br \/>\ndonne \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir quand on sait que vous<br \/>\npouvez vous voir refuser une couverture <\/p>\n<p>Extraordinaires<br \/>\nou non ? <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 57Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>d\u2019assurance responsabilit\u00e9 civile si votre<br \/>\nrapport n\u2019est pas conforme aux NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>Les NUPPEC comportent des sections<br \/>\n\u00ab Normes \u00bb associ\u00e9es \u00e0 chacun de ces<br \/>\nservices professionnels, plus une autre :<br \/>\nla Norme relative \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de<br \/>\nrapports. Cela signifie que si vous pr\u00e9parez<br \/>\nun contrat de service d\u2019\u00e9valuation ou de<br \/>\nconsultation, vous devez vous conformer<br \/>\n\u00e0 au moins deux normes (les normes<br \/>\nrelatives \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de rapports et \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation et les normes relatives \u00e0 la<br \/>\nr\u00e9daction de rapports et de consultation<br \/>\ndans cet exemple). La Norme relative aux<br \/>\nquestions d\u2019\u00e9thique contenue dans les<br \/>\nNUPPEC s\u2019applique \u00e9galement \u00e0 tout ce<br \/>\nque nous faisons, et pas seulement \u00e0 la<br \/>\npr\u00e9paration de rapports.<\/p>\n<p>Une autre d\u00e9claration des NUPPEC<br \/>\n2024 stipule :<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9gislation et\/ou r\u00e9glementation<br \/>\nLes membres sont tenus de se <\/p>\n<p>conformer aux exigences l\u00e9gislatives<br \/>\net\/ou de licence applicables pour <\/p>\n<p>tous les types de contrats de services<br \/>\nprofessionnels.<\/p>\n<p>La l\u00e9gislation a pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance<br \/>\nsur les NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>Il est \u00e9vident qu\u2019il est essentiel de se<br \/>\nconformer strictement aux NUPPEC et \u00e0 la<br \/>\nl\u00e9gislation. \u00c9viter les erreurs et les risques<br \/>\ncourants, en particulier ceux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la<br \/>\nconformit\u00e9 aux NUPPEC, tels que les CLE+<br \/>\n(limitations, exclusions ou hypoth\u00e8ses), est<br \/>\nessentiel pour satisfaire \u00e0 ces exigences.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9COMPOSER LA SIGNIFICATION ET<br \/>\nL\u2019INTENTION DES CLE+<br \/>\nEn examinant en profondeur les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s<br \/>\nde chaque type de limitation, d\u2019exclusion<br \/>\nou d\u2019hypoth\u00e8se inclus dans les CLE+<br \/>\nglobales, et en fournissant des d\u00e9finitions,<br \/>\ndes explications et des exemples pour<br \/>\nchaque type, nous pouvons nous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer<br \/>\naux NUPPEC pour obtenir des conseils<br \/>\ninitiaux sur l\u2019utilisation appropri\u00e9e<br \/>\n(ou inappropri\u00e9e) de ces d\u00e9clarations<br \/>\nsp\u00e9ciales dans nos rapports :<\/p>\n<p>5.2.1 Il est contraire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique<br \/>\nprofessionnelle pour un membre de<br \/>\nproduire, d\u2019utiliser ou de permettre <\/p>\n<p>\u00e0 d\u2019autres personnes d\u2019utiliser, \u00e0<br \/>\nn\u2019importe quelle fin, un rapport que le <\/p>\n<p>membre sait (ou devrait savoir) \u00eatre<br \/>\nfautif, erron\u00e9 et\/ou trompeur.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.4 Avant d\u2019invoquer une<br \/>\ncondition limitative exceptionnelle, <\/p>\n<p>le membre doit d\u00e9terminer que<br \/>\nl\u2019envergure du travail appliqu\u00e9e <\/p>\n<p>permettra d\u2019\u00e9laborer des analyses,<br \/>\ndes opinions et des conclusions <\/p>\n<p>cr\u00e9dibles et non trompeuses. <\/p>\n<p>7.10.8 Une analyse fond\u00e9e sur une<br \/>\ncondition hypoth\u00e9tique doit donner une<br \/>\nanalyse cr\u00e9dible et ne doit pas rendre le <\/p>\n<p>rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation trompeur.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que cela ne soit pas sp\u00e9cifiquement<br \/>\nmentionn\u00e9 dans les NUPPEC, ces<br \/>\nqualifications s\u2019appliquent de la m\u00eame<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re \u00e0 toutes les d\u00e9clarations sp\u00e9ciales<br \/>\ndans le domaine des CLE+. Le th\u00e8me commun<br \/>\nest celui de la \u00ab tromperie \u00bb. Les membres ne<br \/>\ndoivent jamais produire un rapport dont ils<br \/>\nsavent ou devraient savoir qu\u2019il est trompeur.<\/p>\n<p>Le plus souvent, la publication d\u2019un<br \/>\nrapport potentiellement trompeur n\u2019est pas<br \/>\nintentionnelle. Pour \u00e9viter cela, prenez du<br \/>\nrecul et examinez objectivement les<br \/>\n\u00ab consid\u00e9rations initiales \u00bb de cet article et<br \/>\nappliquez-les lorsque vous examinez un<br \/>\ncontrat de service et son contenu.<\/p>\n<p>CONDITIONS LIMITATIVES<br \/>\nEXCEPTIONNELLES<br \/>\nLa d\u00e9finition des conditions limitatives<br \/>\nexceptionnelles dans les NUPPEC se lit<br \/>\ncomme suit :<\/p>\n<p>3.29 Modification ou d\u00e9rogation<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 une r\u00e8gle qui peut rendre <\/p>\n<p>le rapport moins fiable.<\/p>\n<p>Cela semble assez simple. Lors de la<br \/>\npr\u00e9paration d\u2019un rapport, si les membres<br \/>\nfont quoi que ce soit qui ne respecte pas<br \/>\nles exigences sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019une des huit <\/p>\n<p>normes des NUPPEC, ils doivent invoquer une<br \/>\ncondition limitative exceptionnelle. Pourquoi<br \/>\nignorer ou modifier une r\u00e8gle apparaissant<br \/>\ndans les Normes ?<\/p>\n<p>Voici quelques exemples : absence<br \/>\nd\u2019inspection int\u00e9rieure des am\u00e9liorations<br \/>\napport\u00e9es au bien, exclusion d\u2019une approche<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation qu\u2019un \u00e9valuateur raisonnable<br \/>\nadopterait normalement, ignorance du r\u00e9gime<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation, absence de recherche de titre<br \/>\nou absence d\u2019assurance responsabilit\u00e9 civile<br \/>\nsi le bien est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du Canada.<\/p>\n<p>Les NUPPEC pr\u00e9cisent en outre :<\/p>\n<p>7.9.5 Le membre doit inclure une<br \/>\nexplication et une justification des <\/p>\n<p>conditions limitatives exceptionnelles<br \/>\ncontenues dans le rapport.<\/p>\n<p>9.3.2 Un membre doit inspecter<br \/>\npersonnellement le bien vis\u00e9 ou <\/p>\n<p>identifier une condition limitative<br \/>\nextraordinaire s\u2019il ne l\u2019a pas fait.<\/p>\n<p>EXCLUSION D\u2019UNE<br \/>\nM\u00c9THODE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION :<br \/>\n(EST-ELLE EXTRAORDINAIRE ?)<br \/>\nDeux questions se posent ici (et pour d\u2019autres<br \/>\nCLE potentielles) : s\u2019agit-il r\u00e9ellement d\u2019une<br \/>\nsituation \u00ab extraordinaire \u00bb et, si oui, quelle<br \/>\nest l\u2019application et l\u2019explication correctes et<br \/>\nconformes de la CLE ?<\/p>\n<p>Les NUPPEC stipulent :<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019exclusion d\u2019une m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\npertinente en vertu du test de l\u2019\u00ab<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur raisonnable \u00bb exige\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>une condition limitative exceptionnelle<br \/>\net un raisonnement \u00e0 l\u2019appui.<\/p>\n<p>En d\u2019autres termes, exclure une m\u00e9thode<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation qu\u2019un \u00e9valuateur raisonnable<br \/>\nne r\u00e9aliserait pas (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la m\u00e9thode<br \/>\ndu revenu dans un rapport type sur une<br \/>\nmaison individuelle) n\u2019est pas extraordinaire<br \/>\nau regard des NUPPEC. Pour \u00eatre en totale<br \/>\nconformit\u00e9 avec les NUPPEC, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\ndoit simplement expliquer qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 58 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>m\u00e9thode non pertinente pour le contrat de<br \/>\nservice et en donner les raisons.<\/p>\n<p>En revanche, le fait de ne pas utiliser la<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode du revenu pour un immeuble locatif<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessite effectivement une CLE, car un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur raisonnable l\u2019utiliserait. Vous devez<br \/>\nexaminer tr\u00e8s attentivement l\u2019exclusion d\u2019une<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation qui serait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme pertinente pour le<br \/>\ncontrat de service avant d\u2019invoquer une telle<br \/>\nCLE. Demandez-vous s\u2019il existe une raison<br \/>\nvalable de ne pas r\u00e9aliser cette m\u00e9thode et<br \/>\nsi cela nuira \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer le bien en<br \/>\nfonction des attentes du march\u00e9. Y a-t-il un<br \/>\nmanque de donn\u00e9es ou d\u2019informations sur<br \/>\nle bien ? Le d\u00e9lai d\u2019ex\u00e9cution rapide a-t-il<br \/>\nune incidence sur la d\u00e9cision ? Le client ne<br \/>\nsouhaite-t-il pas payer pour l\u2019inclusion de<br \/>\ncette m\u00e9thode ? Soyez tr\u00e8s prudent \u00e0 ce sujet.<br \/>\nVoici quelques exemples :<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 1 :<\/p>\n<p>Exclusion de la m\u00e9thode de co\u00fbt (une CLE)<br \/>\nLe bien en objet comprend un b\u00e2timent<br \/>\nnouvellement construit. Cependant,<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thode de co\u00fbt n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 incluse \u00e0 la<br \/>\ndemande du client. Comme il s\u2019agit d\u2019une<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode normalement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme<br \/>\npertinente pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation des am\u00e9liorations<br \/>\nnouvelles ou r\u00e9centes, une condition limitative<br \/>\nexceptionnelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>La Norme relative aux activit\u00e9s<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation de biens immobiliers 8.2.8<br \/>\nstipule que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit \u00ab d\u00e9crire et<br \/>\nappliquer les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\npertinentes au contrat de service \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019exclusion de la<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode du co\u00fbt peut r\u00e9duire la fiabilit\u00e9 du<br \/>\npr\u00e9sent rapport. Si le bien comprenait un<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent industriel vieux de 70 ans arrivant<br \/>\n\u00e0 la fin de sa dur\u00e9e de vie utile, l\u2019exclusion<br \/>\nde la m\u00e9thode du co\u00fbt ne n\u00e9cessiterait pas<br \/>\nde condition limitative exceptionnelle, car ni<br \/>\nle march\u00e9 ni un \u00e9valuateur raisonnable ne<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9reraient cette m\u00e9thodologie pour<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer le prix\/la valeur.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 2 :<\/p>\n<p>Pas d\u2019inspection du bien en objet<br \/>\nMalgr\u00e9 les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s, le bien en objet<br \/>\nn\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 inspect\u00e9 en raison d\u2019un diff\u00e9rend <\/p>\n<p>entre le client et le propri\u00e9taire. Une<br \/>\ncondition limitative exceptionnelle a donc<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e8gle 7.5.1.i de la Norme relative \u00e0 la<br \/>\nr\u00e9daction de rapports exige que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nait soin de \u00ab pr\u00e9ciser l\u2019emplacement et<br \/>\n(de) d\u00e9crire les caract\u00e9ristiques du bien<br \/>\nimmobilier \u00bb. \u00c0 ce titre, il est reconnu que<br \/>\nl\u2019absence d\u2019inspection peut r\u00e9duire la<br \/>\nfiabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats du pr\u00e9sent rapport.<\/p>\n<p>Cela constitue clairement une condition<br \/>\nlimitative exceptionnelle et doit \u00eatre trait\u00e9<br \/>\net discut\u00e9 comme tel dans le rapport.<br \/>\nDe plus, comme aucune inspection du<br \/>\nbien n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e, cela entra\u00eenera<br \/>\n\u00e9galement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019ajouter d\u2019autres<br \/>\nCLE+ (hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires au<br \/>\nminimum). Le rapport devra exposer<br \/>\nles hypoth\u00e8ses qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9es<br \/>\nconcernant le bien en question, par<br \/>\nexemple sa qualit\u00e9, son \u00e9tat, sa disposition,<br \/>\netc., et la mani\u00e8re dont ces hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\npourraient avoir une incidence sur le<br \/>\nrapport. Pour \u00eatre valide et non trompeur,<br \/>\nle rapport devrait \u00e9galement fournir des<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments du contenu de vos hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\n(sources de donn\u00e9es).<\/p>\n<p>Examinons maintenant les hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\nextraordinaires et la mani\u00e8re de les<br \/>\ninvoquer conform\u00e9ment aux NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>HYPOTH\u00c8SES EXTRAORDINAIRES<br \/>\nD\u00e9finition dans les NUPPEC :<\/p>\n<p>3.28 Une hypoth\u00e8se, directement li\u00e9e<br \/>\n\u00e0 un contrat de service sp\u00e9cifique, qui,<br \/>\nsi elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas suppos\u00e9e \u00eatre vraie, <\/p>\n<p>pourrait modifier consid\u00e9rablement les<br \/>\nopinions ou les conclusions.<\/p>\n<p>Les hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires<br \/>\npr\u00e9sument comme \u00e9tant des faits<br \/>\ndes informations incertaines ou <\/p>\n<p>des changements pr\u00e9vus dans les<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques physiques, juridiques<br \/>\nou \u00e9conomiques du bien concern\u00e9, ou<br \/>\ndans des conditions externes au bien<br \/>\nconcern\u00e9, telles que les conditions ou <\/p>\n<p>les tendances du march\u00e9, ou l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es dans une analyse. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019examen de la diff\u00e9rence entre ces<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses et les conditions hypoth\u00e9tiques<br \/>\npeut \u00eatre subtile et facilement mal<br \/>\ninterpr\u00e9t\u00e9e, et il est important de garder<br \/>\nles normes \u00e0 l\u2019esprit.<\/p>\n<p>Voici quelques exemples d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\nextraordinaires : l\u2019absence de<br \/>\ncontamination alors qu\u2019une contamination<br \/>\nest possible, l\u2019inspection du bien<br \/>\napr\u00e8s la date r\u00e9elle (\u00e9valuations<br \/>\nr\u00e9trospectives), une partie du bien non<br \/>\ndisponible pour inspection, la disponibilit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes services sanitaires municipaux<br \/>\nlorsque le calendrier est incertain, la<br \/>\nr\u00e9ussite de l\u2019approbation du changement<br \/>\nde zonage en cours, et une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nprospective. D\u2019autres r\u00e8gles de la Norme<br \/>\nrelative \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de rapports<br \/>\n(NUPPEC 2024) stipulent :<\/p>\n<p>7.9.1 Si une hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire<br \/>\nest invoqu\u00e9e, chaque fois <\/p>\n<p>qu\u2019une opinion ou une conclusion<br \/>\nest \u00e9nonc\u00e9e dans un rapport, <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nmentionn\u00e9e dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 ou une <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 son emplacement exact<br \/>\ndans le rapport doit \u00eatre fournie.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.2 Quand r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est faite<br \/>\nau contenu de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se <\/p>\n<p>extraordinaire dans le rapport,<br \/>\nil doit \u00eatre indiqu\u00e9 clairement que  <\/p>\n<p>les opinions ou conclusions se fondent<br \/>\nsur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire.<\/p>\n<p>7.9.3 Quand r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est faite<br \/>\n\u00e0 une hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire <\/p>\n<p>dans un rapport, il doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nindiqu\u00e9 clairement qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une <\/p>\n<p>hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire.<\/p>\n<p>Aide professionnelle fournie<br \/>\npar un non-membre :<\/p>\n<p>7.12.5 Une hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire<br \/>\net\/ou une condition limitative <\/p>\n<p>concernant l\u2019utilisation par<br \/>\nle membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019aide <\/p>\n<p>professionnelle fournie par un<br \/>\nnon-membre doit \u00eatre incluse dans la <\/p>\n<p>certification d\u2019un rapport.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 59Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 3 :<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9tat du bien immobilier (r\u00e9trospectif)<br \/>\nLe bien immobilier en objet a \u00e9t\u00e9 inspect\u00e9<br \/>\nle 10 mai 2025 et la date r\u00e9elle du rapport<br \/>\n\u00e9tait le 1er juillet 2023. On suppose qu\u2019aucun<br \/>\nchangement significatif n\u2019est survenu dans<br \/>\nle bien immobilier entre la date r\u00e9elle et la<br \/>\ndate d\u2019inspection, sauf confirmation contraire<br \/>\net d\u00e9tails dans le rapport. Si cette hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\ns\u2019av\u00e8re incorrecte, cela pourrait avoir une<br \/>\nincidence sur les conclusions relatives \u00e0 la<br \/>\nvaleur marchande telles que rapport\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se assez courante<br \/>\ndans les rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation (en<br \/>\nparticulier pour ceux qui effectuent des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations r\u00e9trospectives). L\u2019essentiel est<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00eatre clair sur tout changement apport\u00e9<br \/>\nau bien immobilier entre la date r\u00e9elle et<br \/>\nla date d\u2019inspection qui peut \u00eatre confirm\u00e9<br \/>\net de le refl\u00e9ter dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation. Il est<br \/>\nrare que les biens immobiliers soient<br \/>\nexactement les m\u00eames d\u2019une date \u00e0 l\u2019autre,<br \/>\nil faut donc \u00eatre clair et concis dans la<br \/>\ndescription du rapport (comme indiqu\u00e9<br \/>\ndans votre hypoth\u00e8se).<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 4 :<\/p>\n<p>Modifications de l\u2019utilisation des sols<br \/>\nLe bien immobilier en objet est<br \/>\nactuellement zon\u00e9 MR-2. \u00c0 la date r\u00e9elle<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation, le propri\u00e9taire a d\u00e9pos\u00e9<br \/>\nune demande de changement de zonage<br \/>\nafin d\u2019augmenter la densit\u00e9 avec un zonage<br \/>\nMR-3 (cette approbation est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e<br \/>\ncomme probable). Le rapport et ses<br \/>\nconclusions sont bas\u00e9s sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire que le zonage MR-3 sera<br \/>\napprouv\u00e9 (voir \u00ab Contr\u00f4les de l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ndes sols \u00bb \u00e0 partir de la page 43 pour<br \/>\nplus de d\u00e9tails). Sans cette hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire, les conclusions du rapport<br \/>\nconcernant la valeur marchande pourraient<br \/>\n\u00eatre diff\u00e9rentes. <\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, lorsque l\u2019on invoque<br \/>\nune telle hypoth\u00e8se, il doit \u00eatre clair<br \/>\nque le changement pr\u00e9vu du zonage<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019augmentation de la<br \/>\ndensit\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement qui en r\u00e9sulte<br \/>\nsont effectivement probables (pensez<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019utilisation optimale \u2013 probable par <\/p>\n<p>opposition \u00e0 possible). De plus, traiter<br \/>\ncette hypoth\u00e8se du point de vue de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation est aussi important que<br \/>\nl\u2019hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire elle-m\u00eame.<br \/>\nComment refl\u00e9ter l\u2019augmentation<br \/>\npotentielle de la densit\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nactuelle ? Une \u00e9valuation prospective<br \/>\npourrait \u00eatre une option, mais cela<br \/>\ndonnerait une valeur diff\u00e9rente de celle<br \/>\nobtenue en examinant la valeur actuelle<br \/>\ndu potentiel. Cela peut \u00eatre subtil, mais il<br \/>\nest tr\u00e8s important de bien faire les choses.<br \/>\nEncore une fois, quel est l\u2019objectif du<br \/>\nclient ? Tout doit \u00eatre align\u00e9 et coh\u00e9rent.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 5 :<\/p>\n<p>Absence de contamination<br \/>\nLe bien immobilier en objet est situ\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nproximit\u00e9 de sources de contamination<br \/>\nenvironnementale connues et peut<br \/>\n\u00eatre affect\u00e9. Une \u00e9tude d\u2019impact<br \/>\nenvironnemental n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<br \/>\nsur le bien immobilier \u00e0 la date r\u00e9elle du<br \/>\nrapport. Pour l\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e du<br \/>\nrapport, on suppose que le bien immobilier<br \/>\nconcern\u00e9 n\u2019est pas affect\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement<br \/>\npar une contamination pr\u00e9judiciable \u00e0<br \/>\nsa valeur.<\/p>\n<p>Si cette hypoth\u00e8se s\u2019av\u00e8re incorrecte,<br \/>\ncela pourrait avoir une incidence sur les<br \/>\nconclusions relatives \u00e0 la valeur marchande<br \/>\ntelles que rapport\u00e9es. L\u2019\u00e9valuateur d\u00e9cline<br \/>\nexpress\u00e9ment toute responsabilit\u00e9 quant \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019impact d\u2019une contamination potentielle du<br \/>\nbien en objet.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce sc\u00e9nario, il serait id\u00e9al (et<br \/>\nfortement recommand\u00e9) que cette<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire soit mandat\u00e9e<br \/>\npar \u00e9crit par le client et qu\u2019elle soit<br \/>\nmentionn\u00e9e comme telle. Cela ne<br \/>\nlaisse aucun doute quant aux raisons<br \/>\npour lesquelles l\u2019\u00e9valuateur a fait cette<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8se. Toutefois, si l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9e est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 un usage pour<br \/>\nlequel une \u00e9ventuelle contamination doit<br \/>\neffectivement \u00eatre prise en compte (par<br \/>\nexemple, l\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019actifs dans le cadre<br \/>\nd\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de divorce), la demande<br \/>\ndu client d\u2019ignorer cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment peut ne pas<br \/>\n\u00eatre suffisante et pourrait conduire \u00e0 la<br \/>\npublication d\u2019un rapport trompeur.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 6 :<\/p>\n<p>Services sanitaires municipaux<br \/>\nLe d\u00e9veloppement du bien immobilier en<br \/>\nobjet \u00e0 des fins de lotissement r\u00e9sidentiel<br \/>\nd\u00e9pend de la disponibilit\u00e9 des services<br \/>\nsanitaires municipaux. \u00c0 la date r\u00e9elle de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation, il n\u2019est pas certain que les<br \/>\nservices sanitaires seront disponibles<br \/>\npour le bien en objet. Apr\u00e8s consultation<br \/>\ndes autorit\u00e9s de la municipalit\u00e9 locale et<br \/>\ndu promoteur (voir la section \u00ab Services \u00bb<br \/>\n\u00e0 la page 54), il a \u00e9t\u00e9 suppos\u00e9, \u00e0 des fins<br \/>\nd\u2019analyse raisonnable, que les services<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9gouts seront disponibles dans environ<br \/>\ncinq ans (\u00e0 compter de la date r\u00e9elle).<br \/>\nSans cette hypoth\u00e8se, les conclusions du<br \/>\nrapport concernant la valeur marchande<br \/>\npourraient \u00eatre diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n<p>Pour ceux qui \u00e9valuent des terrains \u00e0<br \/>\nb\u00e2tir, le calendrier et la disponibilit\u00e9 des<br \/>\nservices sont, dans la plupart des cas, des<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s pour d\u00e9terminer la valeur.<br \/>\n\u00c0 des fins d\u2019analyse, nous devons formuler<br \/>\nune hypoth\u00e8se raisonnable concernant<br \/>\nces services en consultation avec les<br \/>\nmunicipalit\u00e9s locales, les ing\u00e9nieurs, les<br \/>\npromoteurs et d\u2019autres sources d\u2019appui<br \/>\npour ces estimations.<\/p>\n<p>Afin de faire comprendre \u00e0 votre client<br \/>\net aux utilisateurs du rapport qu\u2019il existe<br \/>\nune fourchette raisonnable de r\u00e9sultats<br \/>\npotentiels (disponibilit\u00e9 des services)<br \/>\nconduisant \u00e0 une fourchette de valeurs<br \/>\nactuelles potentielles en fonction du<br \/>\nconsensus global des parties concern\u00e9es<br \/>\nsur ce calendrier critique, une analyse de<br \/>\nsensibilit\u00e9 dans le rapport pourrait \u00eatre<br \/>\nenvisag\u00e9e. Une fois encore, la coh\u00e9rence<br \/>\net la clart\u00e9 en termes de recherche,<br \/>\nd\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses et de leur impact potentiel<br \/>\nsur l\u2019\u00e9valuation sont essentielles pour<br \/>\nminimiser la responsabilit\u00e9 potentielle<br \/>\nd\u00e9coulant d\u2019un tel rapport.<\/p>\n<p>CONDITIONS HYPOTH\u00c9TIQUES<br \/>\nIl existe un chevauchement important<br \/>\nentre les hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires et<br \/>\nles conditions hypoth\u00e9tiques, qui peuvent<br \/>\nsouvent \u00eatre confondues. L\u2019examen de la<br \/>\ndiff\u00e9rence fondamentale entre les deux et <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 60 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>l\u2019analyse de quelques exemples visent \u00e0<br \/>\napporter ici davantage de clart\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9finition des NUPPEC :<\/p>\n<p>3.3.6 Les hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires<br \/>\n(conditions hypoth\u00e9tiques) <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9sument des renseignements<br \/>\nsimul\u00e9s mais faux au sujet des <\/p>\n<p>caract\u00e9ristiques physiques, juridiques<br \/>\nou \u00e9conomiques de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>vis\u00e9e ou des conditions externes.<br \/>\nUne condition qui est contraire <\/p>\n<p>\u00e0 ce qui existe, mais qui est suppos\u00e9e<br \/>\nexister aux fins de l\u2019analyse.<\/p>\n<p>En relisant cette d\u00e9finition et celle<br \/>\ndes hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires, on<br \/>\nconstate que la cl\u00e9 pour distinguer une<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire d\u2019une condition<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tique r\u00e9side dans la distinction<br \/>\nentre une hypoth\u00e8se pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e mais<br \/>\nincertaine et une hypoth\u00e8se pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e<br \/>\nmais fausse.<\/p>\n<p>Le paragraphe 7.10 de la Norme relative<br \/>\n\u00e0 la r\u00e9daction de rapports des NUPPEC<br \/>\ndonne des pr\u00e9cisions et des exigences<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires concernant l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ndes conditions hypoth\u00e9tiques. Il est<br \/>\nfortement recommand\u00e9 de consulter ce<br \/>\nparagraphe des NUPPEC chaque fois que<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation d\u2019une condition hypoth\u00e9tique<br \/>\nest envisag\u00e9e. En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les conditions<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019elles sont n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 des fins<br \/>\njuridiques, \u00e0 des fins d\u2019analyse raisonnable<br \/>\nou \u00e0 des fins de comparaison. Il doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nclair pour le lecteur que l\u2019\u00e9tat du bien<br \/>\nimmobilier n\u2019existe pas en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e0 la date<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation et que l\u2019analyse effectu\u00e9e<br \/>\npour \u00e9tablir l\u2019opinion de valeur est bas\u00e9e<br \/>\nsur une hypoth\u00e8se. <\/p>\n<p>Pour certaines conditions<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques valables et appropri\u00e9es,<br \/>\ncertaines des exigences du paragraphe<br \/>\n7.10 ne s\u2019appliquent pas. Par exemple,<br \/>\npour un rapport d\u2019expropriation, il peut<br \/>\n\u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019ignorer compl\u00e8tement la<br \/>\nr\u00e9alit\u00e9 du projet (raison de l\u2019expropriation)<br \/>\nafin d\u2019\u00e9valuer correctement la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>en droit. Cela rendrait les points iii et iv du<br \/>\nparagraphe 7.10.5 inapplicables, car ils ne<br \/>\npeuvent se produire dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Il serait<br \/>\nbon de le souligner dans un tel rapport<br \/>\nafin d\u2019\u00e9viter tout probl\u00e8me potentiel de<br \/>\nconformit\u00e9 avec les NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>Les directives suppl\u00e9mentaires des<br \/>\nNUPPEC stipulent :<\/p>\n<p>7.10.6 Les \u00e9valuations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\ndes fins d\u2019expropriation peuvent <\/p>\n<p>comprendre des conditions<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques et peuvent exiger <\/p>\n<p>que le membre invoque le protocole<br \/>\nd\u2019exception juridictionnelle. <\/p>\n<p>7.10.7 La condition hypoth\u00e9tique doit<br \/>\n\u00eatre clairement divulgu\u00e9e dans le <\/p>\n<p>rapport, cette divulgation comprenant<br \/>\nune description de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se, <\/p>\n<p>les raisons de son utilisation<br \/>\net ses r\u00e9percussions sur le r\u00e9sultat <\/p>\n<p>du contrat de service. <\/p>\n<p>7.10.8 Une analyse fond\u00e9e sur une<br \/>\ncondition hypoth\u00e9tique doit donner une<br \/>\nanalyse cr\u00e9dible et ne doit pas rendre le <\/p>\n<p>rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation trompeur.<\/p>\n<p>9.10.1.i Si un bail doit \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 et que<br \/>\nle contrat de service porte sur le droit<br \/>\nde tenure \u00e0 bail et non sur le droit de <\/p>\n<p>location, une hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire<br \/>\n(condition hypoth\u00e9tique) est requise.<\/p>\n<p>Voici quelques exemples de conditions<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques possibles : <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t absence de contamination alors<br \/>\nqu\u2019il y en a<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t  \u00e9gouts municipaux alors<br \/>\nqu\u2019il n\u2019y en a pas<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t zonage r\u00e9sidentiel suppos\u00e9 alors<br \/>\nqu\u2019il y a un zonage agricole<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t rezonage r\u00e9alis\u00e9 alors qu\u2019il ne l\u2019est<br \/>\npas, \u00e9tat r\u00e9nov\u00e9 suppos\u00e9 alors que la<br \/>\nr\u00e9novation est incompl\u00e8te<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t r\u00e9parations ou am\u00e9liorations termin\u00e9es<br \/>\n\u00e0 100 % alors que ce n\u2019est pas vrai<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t non-prise en compte d\u2019un bail en<br \/>\nvigueur et non-prise en compte d\u2019un<br \/>\nprojet d\u2019expropriation<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 7 :<\/p>\n<p>Absence de contamination<br \/>\nLe bien en objet est connu pour \u00eatre<br \/>\ncontamin\u00e9 sur le plan environnemental<br \/>\nen raison de sa proximit\u00e9 avec une<br \/>\nancienne d\u00e9charge situ\u00e9e \u00e0 cet endroit.<br \/>\nL\u2019assainissement de la contamination<br \/>\nenvironnementale du site n\u00e9cessiterait<br \/>\nprobablement la d\u00e9molition compl\u00e8te des<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorations, ainsi que l\u2019excavation et<br \/>\nle remblayage du site afin de permettre<br \/>\nle r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Les<br \/>\nco\u00fbts d\u2019assainissement restent inconnus.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport est \u00e9tabli dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\no\u00f9 il n\u2019y a pas de contamination<br \/>\nenvironnementale affectant le bien<br \/>\nimmobilier en objet, \u00e0 des fins d\u2019analyse<br \/>\nraisonnable et pour l\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e<br \/>\ndu rapport (litige concernant la<br \/>\ncontamination potentielle). Les valeurs<br \/>\nindiqu\u00e9es dans le pr\u00e9sent rapport<br \/>\nseraient diff\u00e9rentes en l\u2019absence de cette<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8se. Une hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire<br \/>\na donc \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e, m\u00eame si cela n\u2019est<br \/>\npas strictement obligatoire.<\/p>\n<p>Ce sc\u00e9nario ou des sc\u00e9narios<br \/>\nsimilaires ne sont pas rares et<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessitent une r\u00e9flexion approfondie<br \/>\navant d\u2019\u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre. Il est<br \/>\nsouvent essentiel de s\u2019assurer que<br \/>\nl\u2019objectif de votre client et l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9e du rapport correspondent<br \/>\nincontestablement. Bon nombre<br \/>\nde ces hypoth\u00e8ses potentielles<br \/>\npeuvent \u00eatre tout \u00e0 fait appropri\u00e9es<br \/>\ndans certaines circonstances et<br \/>\ntotalement inappropri\u00e9es et trompeuses<br \/>\ndans d\u2019autres.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 8 :<\/p>\n<p>Extension d\u2019une route municipale<br \/>\nLe bien en objet (une habitation rurale)<br \/>\nfait l\u2019objet d\u2019une expropriation d\u2019une<br \/>\npartie du site, le r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement de<br \/>\nla route 1 rapprochant la chauss\u00e9e<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s de l\u2019habitation. L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nretenue pour le rapport, \u00e0 des fins<br \/>\nd\u2019analyse raisonnable conform\u00e9ment \u00e0<br \/>\nune exception juridictionnelle requise<br \/>\n(voir page 23), est que le r\u00e9alignement <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 61Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019autoroute n\u2019aura pas lieu, n\u2019ayant<br \/>\ndonc aucun impact sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en<br \/>\nquestion ni sur sa valeur marchande.<br \/>\nSans cette hypoth\u00e8se, les conclusions du<br \/>\nrapport concernant la valeur marchande<br \/>\npourraient \u00eatre diff\u00e9rentes. Une hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e<br \/>\n(ce qui n\u2019est pas obligatoire).<\/p>\n<p>De nombreuses questions<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation n\u00e9cessitent l\u00e9gitimement<br \/>\nune ou plusieurs conditions hypoth\u00e9tiques.<br \/>\nIl serait insens\u00e9 d\u2019ignorer la loi relative<br \/>\naux expropriations municipales et aux<br \/>\nobligations de d\u00e9claration en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019indemnisation. Veillez \u00e0 bien comprendre<br \/>\nce qui est requis pour ces rapports et<br \/>\nassurez-vous que votre utilisation de ces<br \/>\nexclusions est conforme aux NUPPEC. <\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 9 :<\/p>\n<p>Le b\u00e2timent est achev\u00e9 \u00e0 100 %<br \/>\n\u00c0 la date r\u00e9elle du rapport, le bien immobilier<br \/>\nen objet est toujours en construction et n\u2019est<br \/>\npas pr\u00eat \u00e0 \u00eatre occup\u00e9. L\u2019analyse contenue<br \/>\ndans le rapport est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nque le b\u00e2timent concern\u00e9 est achev\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\n100 % \u00e0 la date r\u00e9elle, \u00e0 la demande<br \/>\ndu cr\u00e9ancier hypoth\u00e9caire. Selon les<br \/>\nprojections actuelles du promoteur, le<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent concern\u00e9 devrait \u00eatre achev\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nles six mois suivant la date r\u00e9elle.<\/p>\n<p>Les valeurs indiqu\u00e9es dans le pr\u00e9sent<br \/>\nrapport seraient diff\u00e9rentes en l\u2019absence<br \/>\nde cette hypoth\u00e8se. Une hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e<br \/>\n(ce qui n\u2019est pas toujours n\u00e9cessaire).<\/p>\n<p>Autre sc\u00e9nario courant : la valeur<br \/>\nactuelle du bien \u00ab comme si achev\u00e9 \u00bb. Il<br \/>\nest essentiel que tout rapport indique tr\u00e8s<br \/>\nclairement d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part que le bien n\u2019est<br \/>\nen fait pas achev\u00e9 \u00e0 la date r\u00e9elle et que<br \/>\nles conclusions du rapport en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\nvaleur sont bas\u00e9es sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que le<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent est achev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 10 :<\/p>\n<p>Maison et cinq acres<br \/>\npour financement hypoth\u00e9caire<br \/>\n\u00c0 la date r\u00e9elle du rapport, le bien<br \/>\nen objet, tel que d\u00e9crit l\u00e9galement,<br \/>\ncomprend 100 acres de terrain et diverses <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9pendances agricoles, ainsi qu\u2019une<br \/>\nmaison individuelle. \u00c0 la demande du<br \/>\nclient (\u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit), le<br \/>\nrapport \u00e9value la maison existante sur<br \/>\nun terrain hypoth\u00e9tique de cinq acres<br \/>\npouvant \u00eatre c\u00e9d\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9ment (tel que<br \/>\nd\u00e9crit dans le rapport), sans tenir compte<br \/>\nde la valeur des d\u00e9pendances agricoles<br \/>\nni de l\u2019utilisation optimale de la parcelle<br \/>\nplus grande. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019entit\u00e9 hypoth\u00e9tique telle qu\u2019\u00e9valu\u00e9e<br \/>\nn\u2019existe pas et ne peut \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9e par<br \/>\ns\u00e9paration, car cela n\u2019est actuellement<br \/>\npas autoris\u00e9 par le r\u00e8glement de zonage.<br \/>\nUne \u00e9valuation de l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019entit\u00e9<br \/>\njuridique aboutirait \u00e0 une conclusion<br \/>\ndiff\u00e9rente en mati\u00e8re de valeur, qui pourrait<br \/>\n\u00eatre sup\u00e9rieure ou inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de<br \/>\nl\u2019entit\u00e9 hypoth\u00e9tique. Une hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e (ce qui<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement obligatoire).<\/p>\n<p>Ce sc\u00e9nario courant peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer<br \/>\nprobl\u00e9matique et les \u00e9valuateurs y sont<br \/>\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement confront\u00e9s. Bien qu\u2019il soit<br \/>\npeu probable que la parcelle plus grande<br \/>\nsoit \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 un prix inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de<br \/>\nla maison hypoth\u00e9tique et des cinq acres,<br \/>\ncela n\u2019est pas impossible (pensez \u00e0 la<br \/>\ncontamination d\u2019une partie de la parcelle<br \/>\nplus grande). Il est conseill\u00e9 de rappeler<br \/>\nouvertement au client que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nn\u2019assume aucune responsabilit\u00e9 quant<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019influence positive ou n\u00e9gative de la<br \/>\nprise en compte de l\u2019ensemble de la<br \/>\nparcelle l\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n<p>Gardez \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que,<br \/>\nm\u00eame si la porcherie sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nse trouve en dehors de la parcelle<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tique de cinq acres, toute analyse<br \/>\ndoit n\u00e9anmoins tenir compte de l\u2019impact<br \/>\nde sa proximit\u00e9 avec une telle influence<br \/>\nn\u00e9gative potentielle.<\/p>\n<p>Comme pour toutes les exclusions<br \/>\nsp\u00e9ciales, soyez tr\u00e8s clair sur les<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses formul\u00e9es et leur impact.<br \/>\nAssurez-vous \u00e9galement que ce type de<br \/>\ndemande correspond \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation que<br \/>\nle client fera du rapport (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que<br \/>\ncela peut \u00eatre tout \u00e0 fait appropri\u00e9 pour<br \/>\nun rapport de financement hypoth\u00e9caire,<br \/>\nmais tout \u00e0 fait inappropri\u00e9 et trompeur <\/p>\n<p>pour une \u00e9valuation dans le cadre d\u2019un<br \/>\ndivorce ou d\u2019un litige entre associ\u00e9s).<\/p>\n<p>EXCEPTIONS JURIDICTIONNELLES<br \/>\nD\u00e9finition des NUPPEC :<\/p>\n<p>3.43 Une condition dans un contrat<br \/>\nde service qui permet au membre <\/p>\n<p>de ne pas tenir compte d\u2019une ou<br \/>\nde plusieurs parties des pr\u00e9sentes <\/p>\n<p>normes qui sont jug\u00e9es contraires \u00e0 la<br \/>\nloi ou \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public dans un territoire <\/p>\n<p>donn\u00e9; seule cette ou ces parties ne<br \/>\nseront pas prises en compte et seront <\/p>\n<p>sans effet dans ce territoire. <\/p>\n<p>La question de juridiction est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la<br \/>\nbase juridique permettant de l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer, <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019appliquer ou d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter les lois<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rales, provinciales ou municipales. <\/p>\n<p>Une exception juridictionnelle doit<br \/>\nd\u00e9couler de la l\u00e9gislation (lois, <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e8glements administratifs, proc\u00e9dures<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9es et \u00e9labor\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements administratifs ou de la <\/p>\n<p>jurisprudence). [v. 19.8].<\/p>\n<p>Dans son rapport, le membre doit<br \/>\npr\u00e9ciser la ou les parties des NUPPEC<br \/>\ndont il n\u2019a pas tenu compte et fournir<br \/>\nune r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la loi, au r\u00e8glement<br \/>\nou \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale qui emp\u00eache<br \/>\nla conformit\u00e9 et appuie l\u2019exception <\/p>\n<p>juridictionnelle. [v. 19.8.3]<\/p>\n<p>Il incombe ultimement au membre et<br \/>\nnon au client autoris\u00e9 ou \u00e0 tout autre <\/p>\n<p>utilisateur autoris\u00e9 de d\u00e9terminer<br \/>\nsi l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une exception <\/p>\n<p>juridictionnelle est appropri\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>Trois exemples d\u2019exceptions juridictionnelles<br \/>\npotentielles concernent la Loi sur<br \/>\nl\u2019expropriation \u2013 Ignorer le r\u00e9gime ; la Loi sur<br \/>\nla taxe d\u2019accise \u2013Auto-approvisionnement<br \/>\naux fins de la TPS\/TVH f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, et ;<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation municipale \u2013 \u00e9quit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>EXEMPLE 11 :<\/p>\n<p>Ignorer le r\u00e9gime<br \/>\n\u00c0 la date r\u00e9elle du rapport, le bien<br \/>\nimmobilier en objet (une habitation rurale) <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 62 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une expropriation d\u2019une<br \/>\n partie du site, le r\u00e9alignement de<br \/>\nl\u2019autoroute 1 rapprochant la chauss\u00e9e<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s de l\u2019habitation.<\/p>\n<p>La Loi sur l\u2019expropriation, L.R.O.<br \/>\n1990, chap. E.26, exige souvent que les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations aux fins d\u2019expropriation<br \/>\nignorent l\u2019incidence de la raison de<br \/>\nl\u2019expropriation elle-m\u00eame (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<br \/>\n\u00ab ignorer le projet \u00bb) lors de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nbiens afin de d\u00e9terminer l\u2019indemnisation<br \/>\nappropri\u00e9e ; c\u2019est le cas ici.<\/p>\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence, certaines parties<br \/>\nde la section 8 des NUPPEC (Norme<br \/>\nrelative aux activit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9valuation de<br \/>\nbiens immobiliers) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9es ou<br \/>\nmodifi\u00e9es, notamment les parties 8.2.3,<br \/>\n8.2.4, 8.2.5, 8.2.6 et 8.2.12.<\/p>\n<p>Les valeurs indiqu\u00e9es dans le pr\u00e9sent<br \/>\ndocument pourraient \u00eatre diff\u00e9rentes<br \/>\nen l\u2019absence de cette exception<br \/>\njuridictionnelle. Des conditions limitatives<br \/>\nexceptionnelles et des conditions<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques associ\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9es<br \/>\nen cons\u00e9quence (voir pages 10 et 11).<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9valuation ne sont<br \/>\nvalables qu\u2019aux fins de la d\u00e9termination de<br \/>\nl\u2019indemnisation r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019expropriation<br \/>\ndu bien immobilier en objet.<\/p>\n<p>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un exemple des d\u00e9tails requis<br \/>\ndans une exception juridictionnelle (EJ)<br \/>\nlorsque la l\u00e9gislation ou la politique nous<br \/>\noblige \u00e0 effectuer une analyse ou une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation diff\u00e9remment de ce qui serait<br \/>\nnormalement fait. Comme indiqu\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nles NUPPEC, une EJ doit faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0<br \/>\nla l\u00e9gislation ou \u00e0 la politique qui conduit<br \/>\n\u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019ignorer ou de modifier la<br \/>\nou les normes, et elle doit faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<br \/>\n\u00e0 la ou aux normes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9es ou<br \/>\nmodifi\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins d\u2019analyse raisonnable.<br \/>\nLa meilleure pratique consisterait \u00e0 inclure<br \/>\nune d\u00e9claration excluant sp\u00e9cifiquement<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation du rapport \u00e0 toute autre fin.<br \/>\nEn outre, il y aura presque certainement<br \/>\nd\u2019autres CLE+ requises dans le rapport<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019EJ qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que les NUPPEC indiquent tr\u00e8s<br \/>\nclairement qu\u2019il incombe au membre de<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer la pertinence d\u2019une exception<br \/>\njuridictionnelle, il est \u00e9galement essentiel <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019en discuter en d\u00e9tail avec le client avant<br \/>\nde r\u00e9diger un rapport dans le cadre d\u2019une<br \/>\ntelle limitation.<\/p>\n<p>SC\u00c9NARIOS \u00c0 PRENDRE<br \/>\nEN CONSID\u00c9RATION<br \/>\nVoici quelques situations courantes<br \/>\nauxquelles les membres de l\u2019ICE peuvent<br \/>\n\u00eatre confront\u00e9s et qui devraient les<br \/>\namener \u00e0 se demander si une demande<br \/>\nest appropri\u00e9e et quelles CLE+ pourraient<br \/>\n\u00eatre invoqu\u00e9es pour \u00e9valuer correctement<br \/>\nun bien. Discutez-en avec vos coll\u00e8gues<br \/>\net \u00e9laborez des formulations appropri\u00e9es<br \/>\n(y compris des CLE+ d\u00e9taill\u00e9es pour les<br \/>\nsc\u00e9narios courants) :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Un CRA \u00e0 qui l\u2019on demande d\u2019\u00e9valuer<br \/>\nune maison situ\u00e9e sur un terrain<br \/>\n\u00e0 vocation commerciale pour un<br \/>\nfinancement bancaire<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00c9valuation d\u2019expropriation pour un<br \/>\nterrain \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper o\u00f9 il n\u2019existe<br \/>\nactuellement aucun service<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Demande d\u2019\u00e9valuation sans inspection<br \/>\n\u2022\t Un avocat demande \u00e0 un CRA d\u2019\u00e9valuer <\/p>\n<p>une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 agricole de 50 acres dans<br \/>\nle cadre d\u2019un r\u00e8glement de divorce<br \/>\n(peut-on \u00e9valuer uniquement la maison<br \/>\net cinq acres si l\u2019avocat est d\u2019accord ?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Demande d\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019une maison o\u00f9<br \/>\nun meurtre a eu lieu r\u00e9cemment<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Un avocat demande l\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019une<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle contamin\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Demande d\u2019effectuer une \u00e9valuation \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du Canada<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Cosignature d\u2019un rapport pour un<br \/>\nstagiaire alors que le cosignataire n\u2019a<br \/>\npas inspect\u00e9 le bien (indice : 9.3.2)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Un AACI inspecte quatre appartements<br \/>\ndans un immeuble de 100 unit\u00e9s pour<br \/>\nun financement hypoth\u00e9caire<\/p>\n<p>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9<br \/>\nIl existe une multitude de circonstances<br \/>\ndans lesquelles l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un ou<br \/>\nde plusieurs CLE+ est essentielle \u00e0 un<br \/>\nrapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation. De m\u00eame, il existe de<br \/>\nnombreuses circonstances dans lesquelles<br \/>\nleur utilisation est inappropri\u00e9e et peut<br \/>\nconduire \u00e0 la publication d\u2019un rapport<br \/>\npotentiellement trompeur, exposant <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9valuateur et l\u2019ICE \u00e0 une responsabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nimportante. Comprendre cette diff\u00e9rence<br \/>\ndans les rapports et dans la pratique<br \/>\nest la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape pour garantir la<br \/>\nconformit\u00e9 des rapports.<\/p>\n<p>Il est important de noter que les<br \/>\nCLE+ ne donnent pas carte blanche<br \/>\naux membres de l\u2019ICE pour faire des<br \/>\nsuppositions ou des hypoth\u00e8ses farfelues<br \/>\nque les clients pourraient demander<br \/>\nafin d\u2019encourager un r\u00e9sultat en leur<br \/>\nfaveur. Il doit toujours y avoir des raisons<br \/>\nrationnelles, justifiables et d\u00e9fendables<br \/>\npour invoquer des CLE+ comme pr\u00e9vu<br \/>\ndans les NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>Veillez \u00e0 mentionner le recours \u00e0 toute<br \/>\nCLE+ chaque fois qu\u2019une conclusion sur<br \/>\nla valeur est \u00e9nonc\u00e9e et que d\u2019autres<br \/>\nconclusions critiques sont tir\u00e9es dans<br \/>\nun rapport (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire analyse de<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation optimale, discussion sur les<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4les d\u2019utilisation des sols). Il ne<br \/>\nsuffit pas que les CLE+ soient correctes et<br \/>\nappropri\u00e9es ; elles doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s claires et \u00e9videntes pour les lecteurs<br \/>\nou les utilisateurs du rapport.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque vous utilisez ces outils<br \/>\nessentiels, soyez clair, prudent, critique<br \/>\net, en fin de compte, assurez-vous<br \/>\nque l\u2019\u00e9valuation qui en r\u00e9sulte n\u2019est<br \/>\npas susceptible d\u2019induire en erreur et<br \/>\nqu\u2019elle correspond \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation que le<br \/>\nclient fera des conclusions du rapport.<br \/>\nJouez le r\u00f4le d\u2019avocat du diable pour<br \/>\ntoutes les hypoth\u00e8ses personnelles ou<br \/>\nd\u2019entreprise contenues dans le rapport<br \/>\n: prenez du recul et \u00e9valuez l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ndes CLE+ de mani\u00e8re froide et objective.<br \/>\nLe fait d\u2019appliquer syst\u00e9matiquement<br \/>\nces \u00e9tapes contribue en fin de compte<br \/>\n\u00e0 maintenir votre cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 en tant que<br \/>\nprofessionnel, ce qui est inestimable.<\/p>\n<p>Il est regrettable de passer rapidement<br \/>\nsur les hypoth\u00e8ses et les conditions<br \/>\nrestrictives ordinaires dans les rapports,<br \/>\nmais il est encore plus risqu\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser<br \/>\nles CLE+ de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire ou<br \/>\nimprudente sans vraiment comprendre<br \/>\nleur impact sur les conclusions en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nde valeur et sur l\u2019utilisation efficace et<br \/>\nappropri\u00e9e des rapports. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 63Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>BY JIM HUANG, P. APP., AACI<\/p>\n<p>Navigating the<br \/>\nAACI Applied<br \/>\nExperience Exam:<br \/>\na field-tested approach<\/p>\n<p>The AACI Applied Experience (AE) Exam is one of the most pivotal<br \/>\nmilestones on the path to earning the P. App., AACI designation.<br \/>\nHaving failed it on the first attempt and recently completed it<br \/>\nwith a high score, I am delighted to share insights that may help <\/p>\n<p>other Candidates navigate this demanding but rewarding process.<\/p>\n<p>UNDERSTANDING THE EXAM FORMAT<br \/>\nThe AE Exam is an experiential assessment designed to evaluate<br \/>\na Candidate\u2019s practical application of the First Principles of Value<br \/>\n(FPV) and overall professional competence. The exam comprises<br \/>\ntwo main components: a case study and three questions based on<br \/>\napplied work experience. Achieving success requires more than<br \/>\ntechnical expertise and practical knowledge; it also demands<br \/>\na thorough understanding of how responses are assessed and<br \/>\npresented in alignment with the established grading criteria.<\/p>\n<p>The case study question accounts for 40% of the total marks,<br \/>\nwhile the three work-experience questions together make up the<br \/>\nremaining 60%. In the case study section, the exam presents four<br \/>\noptions, of which Candidates are required to select one to answer<br \/>\nin detail. For the work experience component, seven questions are<br \/>\nprovided, of which three must be selected to showcase Candidate\u2019s<br \/>\nbreadth of experience and problem-solving skills. <\/p>\n<p>AE EXAM EXPECTATIONS<br \/>\nAlthough the AE Exam measures experiential knowledge, there are<br \/>\nmany accounts of seasoned appraisers failing on their first attempt. <\/p>\n<p>This reminds me of my father, who, despite having over 25 years of<br \/>\nexperience driving complex manual vehicles in our home country,<br \/>\nfailed his first road test after arriving in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>The lesson is clear: experience alone may not be enough<br \/>\nto succeed in this Exam. Strategic preparation and deliberate<br \/>\npractice are essential.<\/p>\n<p>Approaching the AE Exam as one would prepare for a<br \/>\ndriver\u2019s license road test \u2013 by studying the rules, understanding<br \/>\nexpectations, and rehearsing under realistic conditions \u2013 can<br \/>\nsignificantly improve the chances of success.<\/p>\n<p>FINE TUNE THE TECHNICAL SETUP \u2013<br \/>\nFAMILIARIZE WITH THE \u2018ROAD TEST VEHICLE\u2019<br \/>\nJust as a road test candidate may prepare and practice using a basic<br \/>\nno-tech sedan similar to the road test vehicle, it is essential to familiarize<br \/>\nyourself with the University of British Columbia (UBC) Canvas Exam<br \/>\nPlatform and optimize the technical setup before exam day.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Canvas Exam Platform: UBC provides access to a Sample<br \/>\nFormat of the Applied Experience Exam on Canvas, which<br \/>\ncan be accessed by an Exam Candidate repeatedly to gain<br \/>\nfamiliarity with the interface of the actual Exam.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Internet Connection: Prepare to minimize bandwidth usage<br \/>\nfrom other devices on your network to ensure a stable,<br \/>\nuninterrupted connection during the Exam. Keep in mind that<br \/>\nlive camera streaming during the Exam can impact the overall<br \/>\nconnection stability.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 64 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Screen Setup: Since the case study response can range from<br \/>\n1,000 to 2,000 words, a small laptop screen may slow a<br \/>\nCandidate\u2019s progress with excessive scrolling. A large monitor \u2013<br \/>\nideally rotated vertically \u2013 offers a more efficient and familiar<br \/>\nletter-sized workspace, making it easier to navigate and edit<br \/>\nyour work.<\/p>\n<p>UNDERSTAND THE GRADING RUBRIC \u2013<br \/>\nGIVE THE EXAMINER WHAT THEY EXPECT TO SEE<br \/>\nIn a road test, the examiner expects visible mirror checks and<br \/>\nshoulder checks for every lane change or turn. As a result, even if<br \/>\nthe road is 100% clear, a full 180-degree head-turn shoulder check<br \/>\nis still expected for a lane change to demonstrate competence. <\/p>\n<p>The same principle applies to the AE Exam: present the answers<br \/>\nin a clear and structured format that graders are trained to look for.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Case Study: Structure the response around the First<br \/>\nPrinciples of Value (FPV), systematically addressing every<br \/>\nsingle element within the FPV. Keep in mind that Highest<br \/>\nand Best Use, Research, and Economic Approaches to Value<br \/>\ntogether account for half of the marks in the Case Study, so<br \/>\nthese require particular emphasis and thorough analysis.<br \/>\nThe response to the Case Study should be written from the<br \/>\nstandpoint that you have just been given this assignment and<br \/>\nnot that you have already completed it.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Work Experience Questions: Present answers in a clear,<br \/>\nfirst-person, past-tense narrative that guides the reader<br \/>\nthrough the context, rising action, challenges, and outcome.<br \/>\nConsistently using past tense is critical, as it reinforces to the<br \/>\ngrader that these are real-world examples drawn from your<br \/>\nprofessional experience. For clarity, I recommend applying<br \/>\nthe SACP framework (Smart Appraiser Conquers Problem),<br \/>\nwhich I used successfully in the Exam. An infographic<br \/>\naccompanying this article provides further detail on how to<br \/>\napply this method effectively.<\/p>\n<p>By aligning answers with the grading expectations, examiners<br \/>\ncan more readily recognize and credit professional judgment and<br \/>\napplied knowledge exhibited on the Exam. <\/p>\n<p>ENGAGE THE SIMULATION \u2013 PRACTICE ON THE REAL TEST ROUTE<br \/>\nRoad tests become easier with repeated practice along the actual<br \/>\ntest route. If the route includes parallel parking on a steep slope,<br \/>\nrehearsing that scenario repeatedly builds a driver\u2019s confidence<br \/>\nand consistency.<\/p>\n<p>The same principle applies when preparing for the AE Exam. There<br \/>\nis no official practice exam published by the AIC. To bridge that gap,<br \/>\nI created my own simulation by first selecting several challenging<br \/>\nappraisals I had completed in the past. I then role-played the scenario,<br \/>\nimagining I was assigned with the same appraisal again, but needed<br \/>\nto coach a junior appraiser through the process. At a high level, using a<br \/>\nfirst-person, future-tense format, I outlined how the assignment would<br \/>\nbe addressed by me step-by-step using the First Principles of Value.<\/p>\n<p>To rehearse effectively, I opened the UBC Canvas Pre-Exam<br \/>\nSystem Test Module, selected \u2018Take the Quiz,\u2019 and drafted answers<br \/>\nunder real-time conditions, while strictly adhering to my time<br \/>\nmanagement plan. For example, I allocated 90 minutes to the<br \/>\ncase study: 30 minutes dedicated to the First Principles of Value<br \/>\nsections leading up to the Highest and Best Use analysis, and <\/p>\n<p>another 60 minutes focused on Highest and Best Use, Research, and<br \/>\nEconomic analysis. I approached each practice session with these<br \/>\ntime constraints to accurately mirror the demands of the actual exam.<\/p>\n<p>The Canvas system test module automatically closes when the<br \/>\ntime limit expires, erasing all entered responses. To preserve my<br \/>\nwork, I copied my answers into a separate document before time<br \/>\nran out. Unlike the actual Exam, which disables copy-and-paste<br \/>\nfunctions, the practice module permits it. This allows subsequent<br \/>\nreview feedback with study partners, mentors, or large language<br \/>\nmodels, helping to identify gaps and refine future answers. <\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION<br \/>\nSuccess on the A ACI Applied Experience Exam rests on practical<br \/>\nknowledge, focused preparation, and clear communication.<br \/>\nMuch like a road test, experience alone may not be enough.<br \/>\nBy understanding graders\u2019 expectations, rehearsing under realistic<br \/>\nconditions, and presenting well-reasoned answers, Candidates can<br \/>\nconfidently showcase their competence and readiness to earn the<br \/>\nAACI designation. <\/p>\n<p>INFOGRAPHIC<\/p>\n<p>By understanding graders\u2019<br \/>\nexpectations, rehearsing under<br \/>\nrealistic conditions, and presenting<br \/>\nwell-reasoned answers, Candidates<br \/>\ncan confidently showcase their<br \/>\ncompetence and readiness to earn<br \/>\nthe AACI designation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 65Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Naviguer \u00e0 travers<br \/>\nl\u2019examen d\u2019exp\u00e9rience <\/p>\n<p>pratique pour AACI :<br \/>\nune approche \u00e9prouv\u00e9e sur le terrain<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019 examen d\u2019exp\u00e9rience pratique (EP) pour A ACI est l\u2019une des<br \/>\n\u00e9tapes les plus importantes pour obtenir la d\u00e9signation<br \/>\n\u00c9. Pro., A ACI. Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 ma premi\u00e8re tentative<br \/>\net r\u00e9cemment r\u00e9ussi l\u2019examen avec une note \u00e9lev\u00e9e, je suis <\/p>\n<p>ravi de partager des informations qui pourraient aider d\u2019autres<br \/>\nstagiaires \u00e0 naviguer dans ce processus exigeant mais gratifiant.<\/p>\n<p>COMPRENDRE LE FORMAT DE L\u2019EXAMEN<br \/>\nL\u2019examen d\u2019EP est une \u00e9valuation exp\u00e9rientielle con\u00e7ue pour \u00e9valuer<br \/>\nl\u2019application pratique des Principes de base de la valeur (PBV)et la<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence professionnelle globale d\u2019un stagiaire. L\u2019examen comprend<br \/>\ndeux volets principaux : une \u00e9tude de cas et trois questions bas\u00e9es sur<br \/>\nl\u2019exp\u00e9rience professionnelle appliqu\u00e9e. Pour r\u00e9ussir, il ne suffit pas<br \/>\nd\u2019avoir des comp\u00e9tences techniques et des connaissances pratiques, il<br \/>\nfaut \u00e9galement bien comprendre comment les r\u00e9ponses sont \u00e9valu\u00e9es<br \/>\net pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment aux crit\u00e8res de notation \u00e9tablis.<\/p>\n<p>La question de l\u2019\u00e9tude de cas repr\u00e9sente 40 % de la note totale, tandis<br \/>\nque les trois questions sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience professionnelle repr\u00e9sentent les<br \/>\n60 % restants. Dans la section \u00e9tude de cas, l\u2019examen pr\u00e9sente quatre<br \/>\noptions. Les stagiaires doivent choisir une de ces options et y r\u00e9pondre<br \/>\nen d\u00e9tail. Pour la partie exp\u00e9rience professionnelle, sept questions<br \/>\nsont propos\u00e9es, parmi lesquelles trois doivent \u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es afin<br \/>\nde mettre en valeur l\u2019\u00e9tendue de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et les comp\u00e9tences en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re de r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes du stagiaire. <\/p>\n<p>ATTENTES DE L\u2019EXAMEN D\u2019EP<br \/>\nBien que l\u2019examen d\u2019EP porte sur des comp\u00e9tences issues de la<br \/>\npratique, de nombreux \u00e9valuateurs chevronn\u00e9s \u00e9chouent \u00e0 leur<br \/>\npremi\u00e8re tentative. Cela me rappelle mon p\u00e8re qui, malgr\u00e9 plus<br \/>\nde 25 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans la conduite de v\u00e9hicules manuels<br \/>\ncomplexes dans notre pays d\u2019origine, a \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 son premier<br \/>\nexamen de conduite apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>La le\u00e7on est claire : l\u2019exp\u00e9rience seule ne suffit pas pour<br \/>\nr\u00e9ussir cet examen. Une pr\u00e9paration strat\u00e9gique et une pratique<br \/>\nd\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e sont essentielles.<\/p>\n<p>Aborder l\u2019examen d\u2019EP comme on se pr\u00e9parerait \u00e0 l\u2019examen<br \/>\npratique du permis de conduire \u2013 en \u00e9tudiant les r\u00e8gles, en comprenant<br \/>\nles attentes et en s\u2019entra\u00eenant dans des conditions r\u00e9alistes \u2013 peut<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9liorer les chances de r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\n<p>AFFINEZ LA CONFIGURATION TECHNIQUE \u2013<br \/>\nFAMILIARISEZ-VOUS AVEC LE \u00ab V\u00c9HICULE D\u2019EXAMEN PRATIQUE \u00bb<br \/>\nTout comme un stagiaire \u00e0 l\u2019examen pratique peut se pr\u00e9parer et s\u2019entra\u00eener<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une bagnole de base sans technologie similaire \u00e0 celle du<br \/>\nv\u00e9hicule utilis\u00e9 lors de l\u2019examen pratique, il est essentiel de se familiariser<br \/>\navec la plateforme d\u2019examen Canvas de l\u2019University of British Columbia<br \/>\n(UBC) et d\u2019optimiser la configuration technique avant le jour de l\u2019examen.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Plateforme d\u2019examen Canvas : l\u2019UBC donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un exemple<br \/>\nde format d\u2019examen pratique sur Canvas, auquel les stagiaires<br \/>\npeuvent acc\u00e9der \u00e0 plusieurs reprises afin de se familiariser avec<br \/>\nl\u2019interface de l\u2019examen r\u00e9el.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Connexion Internet : Pr\u00e9parez-vous \u00e0 r\u00e9duire au minimum<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation de la bande passante par les autres appareils de<br \/>\nvotre r\u00e9seau interne afin de garantir une connexion stable et<br \/>\nininterrompue pendant l\u2019examen. N\u2019oubliez pas que la diffusion<br \/>\nen direct par cam\u00e9ra pendant l\u2019examen peut avoir un impact sur<br \/>\nla stabilit\u00e9 globale de la connexion.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Configuration de l\u2019\u00e9cran : comme la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de<br \/>\ncas peut compter entre 1 000 et 2 000 mots, un petit \u00e9cran<br \/>\nd\u2019ordinateur portable peut ralentir la progression du stagiaire<br \/>\nen raison d\u2019un d\u00e9filement excessif. Un grand \u00e9cran, id\u00e9alement<br \/>\norient\u00e9 verticalement, offre un espace de travail plus efficace et<br \/>\nplus familier, de la taille d\u2019une feuille de papier, ce qui facilite la<br \/>\nnavigation et la modification de votre travail.<\/p>\n<p>COMPRENEZ LA GRILLE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION :<br \/>\nDONNEZ \u00c0 L\u2019EXAMINATEUR CE QU\u2019IL ATTEND DE VOUS<br \/>\nLors d\u2019un examen pratique, l\u2019examinateur s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que vous<br \/>\nv\u00e9rifiiez vos r\u00e9troviseurs et regardiez par-dessus votre \u00e9paule \u00e0<br \/>\nchaque changement de voie ou virage. Par cons\u00e9quent, m\u00eame si la <\/p>\n<p>PAR JIM HUANG, \u00c9. PRO., AACI<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 66 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>route est 100 % d\u00e9gag\u00e9e, vous devez tout de m\u00eame tourner la t\u00eate \u00e0<br \/>\n180 degr\u00e9s et regarder par-dessus votre \u00e9paule avant de changer de<br \/>\nvoie afin de d\u00e9montrer votre comp\u00e9tence. <\/p>\n<p>Le m\u00eame principe s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019examen d\u2019EP : pr\u00e9sentez les<br \/>\nr\u00e9ponses dans un format clair et structur\u00e9 que les \u00e9valuateurs sont<br \/>\nform\u00e9s \u00e0 rechercher.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00c9tude de cas : structurez votre r\u00e9ponse autour des Principes de<br \/>\nbase de la valeur ((PBV)), en abordant syst\u00e9matiquement chaque<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ment selon les PBV. N\u2019oubliez pas que l\u2019utilisation optimale, la<br \/>\nrecherche et les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9valuation fond\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentent ensemble la moiti\u00e9 des points de l\u2019\u00e9tude de cas. Ces<br \/>\naspects doivent donc faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une attention particuli\u00e8re et<br \/>\nd\u2019une analyse approfondie. La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de cas doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nr\u00e9dig\u00e9e en partant du principe que vous venez de recevoir ce<br \/>\ncontrat de service et que vous ne l\u2019avez pas encore termin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Questions sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience professionnelle : pr\u00e9sentez vos<br \/>\nr\u00e9ponses sous forme de r\u00e9cit clair, \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne et<br \/>\nau pass\u00e9, qui guide le lecteur \u00e0 travers le contexte, l\u2019\u00e9volution<br \/>\nde l\u2019action, les d\u00e9fis et le r\u00e9sultat. Il est essentiel d\u2019utiliser<br \/>\nsyst\u00e9matiquement le pass\u00e9, car cela renforce aupr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur le fait qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019exemples concrets tir\u00e9s de votre<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience professionnelle. Pour plus de clart\u00e9, je recommande<br \/>\nd\u2019appliquer le cadre SACP (Smart Appraiser Conquers Problem),<br \/>\nque j\u2019ai utilis\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s lors de l\u2019examen. Une infographie<br \/>\naccompagnant cet article fournit plus de d\u00e9tails sur la mani\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019appliquer efficacement cette m\u00e9thode.<\/p>\n<p>En alignant les r\u00e9ponses sur les attentes en mati\u00e8re de notation, les<br \/>\nexaminateurs peuvent plus facilement reconna\u00eetre et valoriser le<br \/>\njugement professionnel et les connaissances appliqu\u00e9es d\u00e9montr\u00e9s<br \/>\nlors de l\u2019examen. <\/p>\n<p>PARTICIPEZ \u00c0 LA SIMULATION \u2013<br \/>\nENTRA\u00ceNEZ-VOUS SUR LE PARCOURS R\u00c9EL DE L\u2019EXAMEN<br \/>\nLes examens sur route deviennent plus faciles gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des<br \/>\nentra\u00eenements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s sur le parcours r\u00e9el de l\u2019examen. Si le<br \/>\nparcours comprend un stationnement en parall\u00e8le sur une pente<br \/>\nraide, r\u00e9p\u00e9ter ce sc\u00e9nario \u00e0 plusieurs reprises permet au conducteur<br \/>\nde gagner en confiance et en coh\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n<p>Le m\u00eame principe s\u2019applique \u00e0 la pr\u00e9paration de l\u2019examen d\u2019EP. Il<br \/>\nn\u2019existe pas d\u2019examen blanc officiel publi\u00e9 par l\u2019ICE. Pour combler cette<br \/>\nlacune, j\u2019ai cr\u00e9\u00e9 ma propre simulation en s\u00e9lectionnant d\u2019abord plusieurs<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations difficiles que j\u2019avais r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans le pass\u00e9. J\u2019ai ensuite jou\u00e9<br \/>\nle sc\u00e9nario, en imaginant que l\u2019on m\u2019avait de nouveau confi\u00e9 la m\u00eame<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation, mais que je devais encadrer un \u00e9valuateur novice tout au long<br \/>\ndu processus. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, en utilisant la premi\u00e8re personne et<br \/>\nle futur, j\u2019ai d\u00e9crit comment j\u2019aborderais le contrat de service \u00e9tape par<br \/>\n\u00e9tape en utilisant les principes fondamentaux de la valeur.<\/p>\n<p>Pour m\u2019entra\u00eener efficacement, j\u2019ai ouvert le module de test du<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8me pr\u00e9-examen UBC Canvas, j\u2019ai s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 \u00ab Take the Quiz \u00bb<br \/>\n(Passer le quiz) et j\u2019ai r\u00e9dig\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses en temps r\u00e9el, tout en<br \/>\nrespectant strictement mon plan de gestion du temps. Par exemple,<br \/>\nj\u2019ai allou\u00e9 90 minutes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de cas : 30 minutes consacr\u00e9es aux<br \/>\nsections des principes fondamentaux de la valeur menant \u00e0 l\u2019analyse<br \/>\nde l\u2019utilisation optimale, et 60 minutes suppl\u00e9mentaires consacr\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation optimale, \u00e0 la recherche et \u00e0 l\u2019analyse \u00e9conomique.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai abord\u00e9 chaque session d\u2019entra\u00eenement avec ces contraintes de<br \/>\ntemps afin de refl\u00e9ter fid\u00e8lement les exigences de l\u2019examen r\u00e9el.<\/p>\n<p>Le module de test du syst\u00e8me Canvas se ferme<br \/>\nautomatiquement lorsque le temps imparti est \u00e9coul\u00e9, effa\u00e7ant<br \/>\ntoutes les r\u00e9ponses saisies. Afin de conserver mon travail, j\u2019ai<br \/>\ncopi\u00e9 mes r\u00e9ponses dans un document s\u00e9par\u00e9 avant la fin du temps<br \/>\nimparti. Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019examen r\u00e9el, qui d\u00e9sactive les fonctions<br \/>\nde copier-coller, le module d\u2019entra\u00eenement les autorise. Cela<br \/>\npermet de revoir ensuite les commentaires avec des partenaires<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9tude, des mentors ou de grands mod\u00e8les linguistiques, ce qui<br \/>\naide \u00e0 identifier les lacunes et \u00e0 affiner les r\u00e9ponses futures. <\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION<br \/>\nLa r\u00e9ussite \u00e0 l\u2019examen d\u2019exp\u00e9rience appliqu\u00e9e de l\u2019A ACI repose<br \/>\nsur des connaissances pratiques, une pr\u00e9paration cibl\u00e9e et une<br \/>\ncommunication claire. Tout comme pour un examen pratique,<br \/>\nl\u2019exp\u00e9rience seule peut ne pas suffire. En comprenant les attentes<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs, en s\u2019entra\u00eenant dans des conditions r\u00e9alistes et en<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentant des r\u00e9ponses bien argument\u00e9es, les stagiaires peuvent<br \/>\nd\u00e9montrer avec confiance leurs comp\u00e9tences et leur aptitude \u00e0<br \/>\nobtenir la d\u00e9signation A ACI. <\/p>\n<p>INFOGRAPHIE <\/p>\n<p>En comprenant les attentes des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs, en s\u2019entra\u00eenant dans des<br \/>\nconditions r\u00e9alistes et en pr\u00e9sentant<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9ponses bien argument\u00e9es, les<br \/>\nstagiaires peuvent d\u00e9montrer avec<br \/>\nconfiance leurs comp\u00e9tences et leur<br \/>\naptitude \u00e0 obtenir la d\u00e9signation AACI. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>EXAMEN \u00c9CRIT SUR L&rsquo;EXP\u00c9RIENCE PRATIQUE DE L&rsquo;ICE<\/p>\n<p>EXP\u00c9RIENCE PROFESSIONNELLE<\/p>\n<p>LES \u00c9VALUATEURS AVIS\u00c9S<br \/>\nRELEVENT LES D\u00c9FIS<\/p>\n<p>PertinenceP<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>C<\/p>\n<p>Action \/ Ressources<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9fis<\/p>\n<p>Croissance professionnelle<\/p>\n<p>Fournissez le contexte et expliquez pourquoi<br \/>\nl&rsquo;exemple est pertinent pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question.<\/p>\n<p>Qu&rsquo;avez-vous fait ? Qui avez-vous consult\u00e9 ?<br \/>\nQuelles ressources avez-vous utilis\u00e9es ?<\/p>\n<p>Discutez \u00e0 la fois des obstacles et des r\u00e9ussites, en<br \/>\nparticulier ceux qui se rapport \u00e0 la question pos\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Partagez ce que vous avez appris et comment cette<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 votre pratique.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 67Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>Case Comment:<br \/>\nCowichan Tribes v. Canada<br \/>\n(Attorney General)<\/p>\n<p>BY JOHN SHEVCHUK<br \/>\nBARRISTER &#038; SOLICITOR, C.ARB, AACI(HON), R.I.(B.C.)<\/p>\n<p>This is to be my last contribution to this venerable<br \/>\nperiodical \u2013 time to hand off the torch. I thank the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada and the appraisal<br \/>\ncommunity for the opportunity over the years <\/p>\n<p>to ponder \u201cout loud\u201d legal developments that impact the<br \/>\nappraisal community. It has been a most interesting journey.<\/p>\n<p>A theme in some of my past articles is the evolving jurisprudence<br \/>\naround Aboriginal title and rights in Canada. For this last of my<br \/>\ncontributions, the British Columbia Supreme Court (BCSC) very<br \/>\nrecently provided another compelling chapter that is certain to<br \/>\ngenerate debate, further appeals, no small measure of concern<br \/>\namong the property-owning public, and challenges for the<br \/>\nappraisal community.<\/p>\n<p>In March 2014, Cowichan Nation filed a Notice of Civil Claim in<br \/>\nBCSC asserting Aboriginal title to approximately 1,846 acres of land<br \/>\non the south shore of Lulu Island in Richmond, British Columbia<br \/>\n(the \u201cClaimed Land\u201d). On September 9, 2019, the trial of the action<br \/>\ncommenced. After some 513 days of trial and additional passage<br \/>\nof time for the court\u2019s deliberation, Cowichan Tribes v. Canada<br \/>\n(Attorney General), 2025 BCSC 1490 [Cowichan] was released on<br \/>\nAugust 7, 2025. The court made several declarations including one<br \/>\nthat acknowledged Aboriginal title within the Claimed Lands and<br \/>\none that declared certain fee simple titles and interests within the<br \/>\nClaimed Lands to be defective and invalid.<\/p>\n<p>Not surprisingly, BCSC\u2019s decision in Cowichan is but the first<br \/>\nstage of litigation in this matter. One of the defendants, the Province<br \/>\nof British Columbia, has already announced an intention to appeal<br \/>\nthe decision. Other defendants cannot be far behind. The case is<br \/>\nbeing widely reported in the media raising the spectre of Aboriginal<br \/>\ntitle overtaking fee simple title. <\/p>\n<p>A reading of the actual Cowichan decision would allow one to assess<br \/>\nthe accuracy of the concerns expressed in the media publications, but it<br \/>\nis likely that few will undertake a review of the Reasons for Judgment.<br \/>\nCowichan is a long read \u2013 673 pages according to my printer. The court\u2019s<br \/>\nreview of the evidence is exhaustive, the arguments presented by the<br \/>\nparties are fully canvassed and the court\u2019s analysis is extensive.<\/p>\n<p>In the space of these paragraphs, there is no way I can do justice<br \/>\nto all the evidence, arguments and court analysis that is set out in<br \/>\nCowichan. My purpose in bringing this case to the attention of the<br \/>\nappraisal community is to highlight the potential impact the decision<br \/>\nmay have on appraising the fee simple interest. Cowichan portends a<br \/>\nmore difficult appraisal future.<\/p>\n<p>The Claimed Land<br \/>\nThe Claimed Land is depicted in Schedules A and B of the court\u2019s<br \/>\nReasons for Judgment. In the Executive Summary provided in<br \/>\nCowichan, the court writes that Cowichan Nation:1<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201c\u2026 occupied several winter villages on the east coast of<br \/>\nVancouver Island from what is now Cowichan Bay to the south<br \/>\nas far north as Chemainus \u2026\u201d as well as winter villages in other<br \/>\nlocations. Every summer, they travelled en masse to their<br \/>\npermanent village located on the south arm of the Fraser River.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201cIn 1853, Governor James Douglas told the Cowichan that<br \/>\nthe Queen had given him a special charge to treat them with<br \/>\njustice and humanity, so long as they remained at peace with<br \/>\nthe settlements. This was a solemn promise that engaged<br \/>\nthe honour of the Crown, which is a constitutional principle<br \/>\nthat requires the Crown to act honourably in its dealings with<br \/>\nIndigenous peoples \u2026\u201d2<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Further, in 1859 and 1860, Douglas set apart Indian<br \/>\nsettlements from the Crown\u2019s land disposition processes for<br \/>\nthe purpose of eventual Indian reserve creation. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 68 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Reservations entailing the Claimed Land were never created.<br \/>\nInstead, over the years, the lands were surveyed and there were<br \/>\nnumerous Crown grants of fee simple interest. By 2014, when<br \/>\nthe Cowichan Nation commenced their lawsuit, the Claimed<br \/>\nLand was held by the provincial and federal Crown, the City of<br \/>\nRichmond, and Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, all of whom<br \/>\nwere defendants in the lawsuit. There are also third-party<br \/>\nprivate persons and entities that hold fee simple interests in<br \/>\nparts of the Claimed Land but the Cowichan Nation did not sue<br \/>\nthe third parties.3<\/p>\n<p>Selected points discussed in Cowichan<br \/>\nTo provide context to the court\u2019s declarations in Cowichan, it is useful<br \/>\nto highlight some of the more salient points relied upon by the court:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201cAboriginal title is a sui generis interest [i.e., of its own kind,<br \/>\nnot explainable by reference to common law], grounded in<br \/>\nthe regular and exclusive use of land. If proved, the claimant<br \/>\ngroup retains the right to use and control the land and to reap<br \/>\nany benefits flowing from it. Incursion by the Crown can only<br \/>\noccur with the group\u2019s consent, or if its activities are justified<br \/>\nby a compelling and substantial public purpose and are not<br \/>\ninconsistent with its fiduciary duty to the group \u2026\u201d4<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Aboriginal rights and interests are enshrined in section 35 of<br \/>\nthe Constitution Act, 1982;5<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Proof of Aboriginal title requires proof of occupation at<br \/>\nthe time the Crown first asserted sovereignty.6 The court<br \/>\ndetermined that there was the requisite sufficiency of<br \/>\noccupation, exclusivity of occupation and duration of<br \/>\noccupation to found the claim of Aboriginal title;7<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t The law regarding the effect of fee simple interest on<br \/>\nAboriginal title land is ambiguous and unsettled; neither<br \/>\nAboriginal title nor fee simple title are absolute. Aboriginal<br \/>\ntitle burdens land upon which fee simple estates have been<br \/>\ngranted. The exercise or application of Aboriginal title and fee<br \/>\nsimple title rights require reconciliation;8<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Aboriginal title and fee simple interests are not<br \/>\nunqualified interests;9<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201cAboriginal title \u2026 arises from possession before the assertion<br \/>\nof British sovereignty, whereas estates such as fee simple are<br \/>\nderived from Crown title and arise afterward. Aboriginal title<br \/>\npredates colonization by the British and survives British claims<br \/>\nof sovereignty \u2026\u201d10<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201cBritish Columbia took its underlying title in land in the<br \/>\nprovince subject to Aboriginal title \u2026 Provincial ownership of<br \/>\nland is qualified by Aboriginal title \u2026\u201d11<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u201cAboriginal title confers a right to the land itself.\u201d12<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Aboriginal title means the land cannot be alienated except<br \/>\nto the Crown, it cannot be encumbered so as to prevent<br \/>\nsucceeding generations from use and enjoyment, nor can it be<br \/>\ndeveloped so as to deprive future generations of its benefit.13<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t While the jurisprudence around section 35 of the Constitution<br \/>\nAct, 1982 allows for the possibility of \u201cjustifiable infringement\u201d<br \/>\nof Aboriginal title and rights, the test for such infringement<br \/>\nwas not made out by any of the defendants.<\/p>\n<p>The declarations made by the court<br \/>\nCowichan Nation sought and received from the court relief in the<br \/>\nform of the following declarations:14<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Cowichan Nation has Aboriginal title within the Claimed Lands;<br \/>\n\u2022\t Previous Crown grants of fee simple interest in the Claimed <\/p>\n<p>Lands unjustifiably infringe the Aboriginal title;<br \/>\n\u2022\t Fee simple interest held by Canada and Richmond in the <\/p>\n<p>Claimed Lands is defective and invalid;<br \/>\n\u2022\t Canada owes a duty to Cowichan Nation to negotiate in  <\/p>\n<p>good faith;<br \/>\n\u2022\t British Columbia owes a duty to negotiate in good faith to <\/p>\n<p>reconcile the Crown granted fee simple interests held by<br \/>\nthird parties and the Crown vesting of soil and freehold<br \/>\ninterest to Richmond;<\/p>\n<p>The approach of Verity Claims Management<br \/>\nto every claim will be to provide \u201cFundamental<br \/>\nTrue Value.\u201d Our claims handling services are <\/p>\n<p>grounded in the following principles:<br \/>\n\u2022 Client-focused service<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Collaboration with other service providers<br \/>\n\u2022 Careful and thorough analysis and investigation<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Prompt and clear reporting to clients<\/p>\n<p>1860 Appleby Line-Suite 420,  Burlington, ON  L7L 7H7<br \/>\nKatjaK@verityclaims.ca | 647-884-5065<\/p>\n<p>9776478 Canada Inc.<\/p>\n<p>A properly handled claim can make<br \/>\na large difference in the outcome of the claim<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 69Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:KatjaK@verityclaims.ca<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>There was also a declaration of an Aboriginal right to fish the<br \/>\nsouth arm of the Fraser River that involved a consideration of the<br \/>\nlaw around Aboriginal rights (as opposed to Aboriginal title) that<br \/>\nis not discussed herein.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to note that Cowichan Nation did not claim<br \/>\nmonetary relief. It is unclear what would have been the result had<br \/>\nsuch a claim been made.<\/p>\n<p>Basis for relief<br \/>\nFundamental to the court\u2019s declarations was its view of the<br \/>\nevidence that in exchange for Cowichan Nation agreeing to keep<br \/>\nthe peace with settlers, Governor Douglas, on behalf of the British<br \/>\nCrown, promised to set aside, and effectively did set aside, land<br \/>\nfor Cowichan Nation15 and that there was nothing in the events<br \/>\nfollowing the Douglas commitment that evidenced a resiling<br \/>\nfrom this intention although formal reservation creation did not<br \/>\noccur. In the court\u2019s opinion, the evidence of words and conduct<br \/>\nof government officials supported the view that land had been,<br \/>\nor was to be, set aside for Cowichan Nation and the sequence<br \/>\nof legislation and constitutional documents served to give<br \/>\nexpression to this intention and to solidify the claim to Aboriginal<br \/>\ntitle to the Claimed Land.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to British Columbia becoming a part of Canada, the<br \/>\nlegislation in place dealing with land issues was found by the<br \/>\ncourt to be supportive of the view that land had been or was<br \/>\nintended to be \u201cappropriated\u201d (i.e., set aside) for Cowichan Nation.<br \/>\nThere was never any express statement to countermand what<br \/>\nDouglas had initiated.<\/p>\n<p>The court found that when British Columbia became part of<br \/>\nCanada, its jurisdiction to deal with land set aside for Indigenous<br \/>\npeoples was transferred to the federal Crown with the result that<br \/>\nany provincial attempt to grant fee simple interest in the Claimed<br \/>\nLands was without a constitutional foundation. Further, with the<br \/>\nentry of British Columbia into the Confederation, the federal Crown<br \/>\nassumed the obligations British Columbia had incurred in relation<br \/>\nto Indigenous peoples including Cowichan Nation.<\/p>\n<p>The court found that Cowichan Nation\u2019s Aboriginal title burdens<br \/>\nthe land over which the Crown grants of fee simple interest were<br \/>\nissued. Change in the fee simple ownership over the years has not<br \/>\ndisplaced Aboriginal title. \u201c \u2026 where Aboriginal title and fee simple<br \/>\ninterests exist in the same land, the respective interests must<br \/>\nbe addressed within the broader framework of reconciliation \u2026\u201d<br \/>\nAboriginal title is a limit on private ownership; it is a prior and senior<br \/>\nright to land.16<\/p>\n<p>For the court, the correct question to pose is \u201cwhat remains<br \/>\nof fee simple title after Aboriginal title is recognized in the<br \/>\nsame lands?\u201d17<\/p>\n<p>It was argued by the City of Richmond that the Torrens system<br \/>\nfor land titles implemented in the Land Title Act of British Columbia<br \/>\n(in particular sections 23 and 25) created indefeasible title for<br \/>\nthe registered owner of the fee simple interest and, therefore,<br \/>\nthe City argued, the current fee simple interests prevailed over<br \/>\nthe Cowichan Nation claims. The court made short order of this<br \/>\nargument. It held that the Legislature did not intend that section<br \/>\n23 would be a bar to a claim of Aboriginal title. The court held that<br \/>\nAboriginal title does not derive from Crown title. It was the court\u2019s<br \/>\nview that the Land Title Act is aimed at a system of registration only. <\/p>\n<p>Closing: what does this mean for appraisers?<br \/>\nFor an appraiser, there are immediate consequences flowing from<br \/>\nCowichan. Does the possibility of a claim of Aboriginal title require<br \/>\nan appraiser to add to the list of extraordinary assumptions in an<br \/>\nappraisal report? If a client asks an appraiser to incorporate into an<br \/>\nopinion of value the possibility of a successful claim of Aboriginal<br \/>\ntitle, how would the appraiser go about doing this? <\/p>\n<p> How will an appraiser even go about identifying who might have<br \/>\nan Aboriginal title claim, what the boundaries of the land claim<br \/>\nmight be, what form of relief might be sought (e.g., declarations<br \/>\nof entitlement, monetary claims, etc.) and whether there are<br \/>\ncompeting or overlapping claims? The land title system provides<br \/>\nno assistance. As the court notes in Cowichan, \u201cNo caveats, lis<br \/>\npendens, or certificates of pending litigation can be registered to<br \/>\nalert purchasers to the existence of an unproven claim to the land<br \/>\nby Aboriginal people.\u201d18<\/p>\n<p>Network Management for Valuations<br \/>\nThe right appraiser on every order, every time.<\/p>\n<p>Solidifi\u00ae provides appraisal services to the residential<br \/>\nmortgage lending industry. Our clients include<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s top lending institutions. <\/p>\n<p>TRUSTED BY THE NATION\u2019S LARGEST MORTGAGE LENDERS<\/p>\n<p>support@solidifi.com  |  866.583.3983  |  solidifi.ca<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 70 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:support@solidifi.com<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/solidifi.ca<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>In Cowichan, the court did not provide precise boundaries over<br \/>\nwhich Cowichan Nation has Aboriginal title.19 Presumably, this<br \/>\nhas been left by the court in the ardent hope that the parties will<br \/>\nnegotiate the boundaries. This points to the fact that in every<br \/>\nclaim of Aboriginal title, if the claim is proven, there remains the<br \/>\nneed of a fact-finding exercise to determine boundaries that will<br \/>\neither result from negotiation or litigation, both of which are very<br \/>\nlikely to be protracted. <\/p>\n<p> We will not know for quite some time whether the Cowichan<br \/>\ndecision will be upheld on appeal. The process will not be quick.<br \/>\nIn the interim, there will be uncertainty. Risks associated with land<br \/>\npurchasing, development and use have been exacerbated.<\/p>\n<p>End notes<br \/>\n1\t Cowichan, para. 6<br \/>\n2\t Cowichan, paras. 1657-2081 for the evidence and analysis <\/p>\n<p>leading to this finding of the Douglas promise and appropriation<br \/>\nincluding post-Douglas events<\/p>\n<p>3\t Cowichan, para. 44<br \/>\n4\t Cowichan, para. 525<br \/>\n5\t Cowichan, para. 527<\/p>\n<p>6\t Cowichan, para. 530<br \/>\n7\t Cowichan, paras. 525-1656<br \/>\n8\t Cowichan, para. 2141<br \/>\n9\t Cowichan, paras. 2176-2181<br \/>\n10\t Cowichan, para. 2183<br \/>\n11\t Cowichan, para. 2186<br \/>\n12\t Cowichan, para. 2308<br \/>\n13\t Cowichan, para. 2310<br \/>\n14\t Cowichan, paras. 7, 75, 3724<br \/>\n15\t Cowichan, paras. 1811-1838<br \/>\n16\t Cowichan, paras. 2188-2194<br \/>\n17\t Cowichan, para. 2193<br \/>\n18\t Cowichan, para. 2252<br \/>\n19\t Cowichan, para. 31<\/p>\n<p>This article is provided for the purposes of generating<br \/>\ndiscussion and to make practitioners aware of certain<br \/>\nchallenges presented in the law. It is not to be taken as legal<br \/>\nadvice. Any questions relating to the applicability of cases<br \/>\nreferred to in the article in particular circumstances should be<br \/>\nput to qualified legal and appraisal practitioners. <\/p>\n<p>OUR VISION<\/p>\n<p>To be the most trusted association of <\/p>\n<p>residential appraisal firms in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>OUR MANDATE<\/p>\n<p>BAREA protects and promotes the <\/p>\n<p>business interests of our member firms <\/p>\n<p>through a strong and cohesive voice <\/p>\n<p>as well as the sharing of best practices.<\/p>\n<p>Business Association of Real Estate Appraisers<\/p>\n<p>barea.ca<\/p>\n<p>Stronger together<\/p>\n<p>DON\u2019T GO IT ALONE<\/p>\n<p>OUR VISION<\/p>\n<p>To be the most trusted association of <\/p>\n<p>residential appraisal firms in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>OUR MANDATE<\/p>\n<p>BAREA protects and promotes the <\/p>\n<p>business interests of our member firms <\/p>\n<p>through a strong and cohesive voice <\/p>\n<p>as well as the sharing of best practices.<\/p>\n<p>Business Association of Real Estate Appraisers<\/p>\n<p>barea.ca<\/p>\n<p>Stronger together<\/p>\n<p>DON\u2019T GO IT ALONE<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 71Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/barea.ca<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>Commentaire sur l\u2019affaire<br \/>\nCowichan Tribes c. Canada<br \/>\n(Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral)<\/p>\n<p>PAR JOHN SHEVCHUK<br \/>\nAVOCAT ET PROCUREUR, C. ARB, \u00c9. PRO., AACI, R.I. (B.C.)<\/p>\n<p>C et article sera ma derni\u00e8re contribution \u00e0 ce<br \/>\nv\u00e9n\u00e9rable p\u00e9riodique \u2013 il est temps de passer<br \/>\nle flambeau. Je remercie l\u2019Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) et la communaut\u00e9 des <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9valuateurs de m\u2019avoir donn\u00e9 l\u2019occasion, au fil des ans, de<br \/>\nr\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00ab \u00e0 haute voix \u00bb sur les d\u00e9veloppements juridiques qui<br \/>\nont une incidence sur la communaut\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs. Ce fut<br \/>\nun parcours des plus int\u00e9ressants.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019un des th\u00e8mes r\u00e9currents de mes articles pass\u00e9s est l\u2019\u00e9volution<br \/>\nde la jurisprudence relative aux titres et aux droits ancestraux des<br \/>\nAutochtones au Canada. Pour cette derni\u00e8re contribution, la Cour<br \/>\nsupr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique (BCSC) a tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment<br \/>\najout\u00e9 un nouveau chapitre passionnant qui ne manquera pas<br \/>\nde susciter des d\u00e9bats, de nouveaux appels, une inqui\u00e9tude non<br \/>\nn\u00e9gligeable parmi les propri\u00e9taires fonciers et des d\u00e9fis pour la<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs.<\/p>\n<p>En mars 2014, la nation Cowichan a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une demande civile<br \/>\ndevant la BCSC pour faire valoir son titre aborig\u00e8ne sur environ<br \/>\n1 846 acres de terres situ\u00e9es sur la rive sud de l\u2019 \u00eele Lulu, \u00e0<br \/>\nRichmond, en Colombie-Britannique (les \u00ab terres revendiqu\u00e9es \u00bb).<br \/>\nLe 9 septembre 2019, le proc\u00e8s a commenc\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s quelque<br \/>\n513 jours de proc\u00e8s et un d\u00e9lai suppl\u00e9mentaire pour la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration<br \/>\nde la cour, l\u2019affaire Cowichan Tribes c. Canada (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral),<br \/>\n2025 BCSC 1490 [Cowichan] a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue publique le 7 ao\u00fbt 2025.<br \/>\nLa cour a rendu plusieurs d\u00e9clarations, dont une reconnaissant<br \/>\nle titre autochtone sur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es et une autre<br \/>\nd\u00e9clarant que certains titres en fief simple et int\u00e9r\u00eats sur les terres<br \/>\nrevendiqu\u00e9es \u00e9taient vici\u00e9s et invalides.<\/p>\n<p>On ne s\u2019\u00e9tonnera pas que la d\u00e9cision de la BCSC dans l\u2019affaire<br \/>\nCowichan constitue que la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape du litige dans cette affaire. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019un des d\u00e9fendeurs, la province de la Colombie-Britannique, a<br \/>\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 annonc\u00e9 son intention de faire appel de la d\u00e9cision. Les autres<br \/>\nd\u00e9fendeurs ne devraient pas tarder \u00e0 faire de m\u00eame. L\u2019affaire est<br \/>\nlargement relay\u00e9e par les m\u00e9dias, qui \u00e9voquent le spectre d\u2019un<br \/>\ntitre aborig\u00e8ne ayant pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance sur le titre en fief simple.<\/p>\n<p>La lecture de la d\u00e9cision Cowichan permettrait d\u2019\u00e9valuer la<br \/>\njustesse des pr\u00e9occupations exprim\u00e9es dans les publications<br \/>\nm\u00e9diatiques, mais il est probable que peu de personnes<br \/>\nse donneront la peine d\u2019examiner les motifs du jugement.<br \/>\nCowichan est un document volumineux \u2013 673 pages selon mon<br \/>\nimprimante. L\u2019examen des preuves par le tribunal est exhaustif,<br \/>\nles arguments pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par les parties sont examin\u00e9s en d\u00e9tail<br \/>\net l\u2019analyse du tribunal est approfondie.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les quelques paragraphes d\u2019espace dont je dispose<br \/>\nici, il m\u2019est impossible de rendre justice \u00e0 toutes les preuves,<br \/>\narguments et analyses du tribunal pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans Cowichan.<br \/>\nMon objectif en portant cette affaire \u00e0 l\u2019attention de la<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs est de souligner l\u2019impact potentiel<br \/>\nque cette d\u00e9cision pourrait avoir sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des droits en<br \/>\nfief simple. Cowichan laisse pr\u00e9sager un avenir plus difficile pour<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuations.<\/p>\n<p>Les terres revendiqu\u00e9es<br \/>\nLes terres revendiqu\u00e9es sont d\u00e9crites dans les annexes A et B<br \/>\ndes motifs du jugement rendu par le tribunal. Dans le r\u00e9sum\u00e9<br \/>\nfourni dans Cowichan, le tribunal \u00e9crit que la nation Cowichan :1<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab &#8230; occupait plusieurs villages d\u2019hiver sur la c\u00f4te est de<br \/>\nl\u2019 \u00eele de Vancouver, depuis l\u2019actuelle baie de Cowichan au<br \/>\nsud jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Chemainus au nord&#8230; \u00bb ainsi que des villages<br \/>\nd\u2019hiver dans d\u2019autres endroits. Chaque \u00e9t\u00e9, ils se rendaient<br \/>\nen masse dans leur village permanent situ\u00e9 sur le bras sud<br \/>\ndu fleuve Fraser.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 72 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab En 1853, le gouverneur James Douglas a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aux<br \/>\nCowichan que la reine lui avait confi\u00e9 la mission sp\u00e9ciale de<br \/>\nles traiter avec justice et humanit\u00e9, tant qu\u2019ils restaient en paix<br \/>\navec les colonies. Il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une promesse solennelle qui<br \/>\nengageait l\u2019honneur de la Couronne, principe constitutionnel<br \/>\nqui exige que la Couronne agisse de mani\u00e8re honorable dans<br \/>\nses relations avec les peuples autochtones&#8230; \u00bb 2<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t De plus, en 1859 et 1860, Douglas a exclu les \u00e9tablissements<br \/>\nindiens des processus de cession des terres de la Couronne<br \/>\ndans le but de cr\u00e9er \u00e0 terme des r\u00e9serves indiennes. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Les r\u00e9serves correspondant aux terres revendiqu\u00e9es n\u2019ont<br \/>\njamais \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es. Au lieu de cela, au fil des ans, les terres ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 arpent\u00e9es et de nombreuses concessions domaniales ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9es en pleine propri\u00e9t\u00e9. En 2014, lorsque la nation<br \/>\nCowichan a intent\u00e9 son proc\u00e8s, les terres revendiqu\u00e9es \u00e9taient<br \/>\nd\u00e9tenues par la Couronne provinciale et f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, la ville de<br \/>\nRichmond et l\u2019autorit\u00e9 portuaire de Vancouver Fraser, qui<br \/>\n\u00e9taient toutes parties d\u00e9fenderesses dans le proc\u00e8s. Il existe<br \/>\n\u00e9galement des tiers, personnes physiques et morales, qui<br \/>\nd\u00e9tiennent des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple sur certaines<br \/>\nparties des terres revendiqu\u00e9es, mais la nation Cowichan n\u2019a<br \/>\npas poursuivi ces tiers.3<\/p>\n<p>Points s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s abord\u00e9s dans l\u2019affaire Cowichan<br \/>\nAfin de replacer dans leur contexte les d\u00e9clarations de la cour dans<br \/>\nl\u2019affaire Cowichan, il est utile de souligner certains des points les<br \/>\nplus saillants sur lesquels s\u2019est appuy\u00e9e la cour :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab Le titre aborig\u00e8ne est un droit sui generis [c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<br \/>\nunique en son genre, qui ne peut s\u2019expliquer par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au<br \/>\ndroit commun], fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019utilisation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et exclusive<br \/>\ndes terres. S\u2019il est prouv\u00e9, le groupe demandeur conserve le<br \/>\ndroit d\u2019utiliser et de contr\u00f4ler les terres et d\u2019en tirer tous les <\/p>\n<p>avantages qui en d\u00e9coulent. L\u2019intrusion de la Couronne ne<br \/>\npeut se produire qu\u2019avec le consentement du groupe, ou si<br \/>\nses activit\u00e9s sont justifi\u00e9es par un objectif public imp\u00e9rieux<br \/>\net important et ne sont pas incompatibles avec son obligation<br \/>\nfiduciaire envers le groupe\u2026 \u00bb; 4<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Les droits et int\u00e9r\u00eats aborig\u00e8nes sont consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019article<br \/>\n 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 ; 5<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t La preuve du titre aborig\u00e8ne n\u00e9cessite la preuve de<br \/>\nl\u2019occupation au moment o\u00f9 la Couronne a revendiqu\u00e9 pour la<br \/>\npremi\u00e8re fois sa souverainet\u00e9. 6 Le tribunal a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 qu\u2019il<br \/>\ny avait suffisamment d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments pour \u00e9tablir l\u2019occupation,<br \/>\nl\u2019exclusivit\u00e9 de l\u2019occupation et la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019occupation<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour fonder la revendication du titre aborig\u00e8ne ; 7<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t La loi concernant l\u2019effet des droits en fief simple sur les<br \/>\nterres vis\u00e9es par le titre autochtone est ambigu\u00eb et incertaine ;<br \/>\nni le titre aborig\u00e8ne ni le titre en fief simple ne sont absolus.<br \/>\nLe titre aborig\u00e8ne gr\u00e8ve les terres sur lesquelles des domaines<br \/>\nen fief simple ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conc\u00e9d\u00e9s. L\u2019exercice ou l\u2019application des<br \/>\ndroits li\u00e9s au titre aborig\u00e8ne et au titre en fief simple n\u00e9cessite<br \/>\nune conciliation ; 8<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Le titre aborig\u00e8ne et les droits en fief simple ne sont pas des<br \/>\ndroits sans r\u00e9serve ; 9<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab Le titre aborig\u00e8ne [&#8230;] d\u00e9coule de la possession avant<br \/>\nl\u2019affirmation de la souverainet\u00e9 britannique, tandis que les<br \/>\ndomaines tels que le domaine en fief simple d\u00e9coulent du titre<br \/>\nde la Couronne et apparaissent apr\u00e8s coup. Le titre aborig\u00e8ne<br \/>\nest ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la colonisation britannique et survit aux<br \/>\nrevendications de souverainet\u00e9 britanniques [&#8230;] \u00bb 10<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab La Colombie-Britannique a acquis son titre sous-jacent sur<br \/>\nles terres de la province soumises au titre aborig\u00e8ne [&#8230;]<br \/>\nLa propri\u00e9t\u00e9 provinciale des terres est conditionn\u00e9e par le titre<br \/>\naborig\u00e8ne [&#8230;] \u00bb 11<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 73Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t \u00ab Le titre aborig\u00e8ne conf\u00e8re un droit sur la terre elle-m\u00eame. \u00bb 12 <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Le titre aborig\u00e8ne signifie que la terre ne peut \u00eatre ali\u00e9n\u00e9e<br \/>\nsauf \u00e0 la Couronne, qu\u2019elle ne peut \u00eatre grev\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00e0<br \/>\nemp\u00eacher les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures de l\u2019utiliser et d\u2019en jouir, ni<br \/>\n\u00eatre am\u00e9nag\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 priver les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures de<br \/>\nses avantages; 13 <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Bien que la jurisprudence relative \u00e0 l\u2019article 35 de la<br \/>\nLoi constitutionnelle de 1982 permette la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\n\u00ab atteinte justifiable \u00bb au titre et aux droits ancestraux, aucun<br \/>\ndes d\u00e9fendeurs n\u2019a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 \u00e9tablir l\u2019existence d\u2019une telle atteinte.<\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9clarations faites par le tribunal<br \/>\nLa nation Cowichan a demand\u00e9 et obtenu du tribunal une r\u00e9paration<br \/>\nsous la forme des d\u00e9clarations suivantes : 14<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t La nation Cowichan d\u00e9tient un titre aborig\u00e8ne sur les terres<br \/>\nrevendiqu\u00e9es ;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Les concessions ant\u00e9rieures de la Couronne concernant les<br \/>\ndroits en fief simple sur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es constituent<br \/>\nune atteinte injustifi\u00e9e au titre aborig\u00e8ne ;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Les droits en fief simple d\u00e9tenus par le Canada et Richmond<br \/>\nsur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es sont vici\u00e9s et invalides ;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Le Canada a l\u2019obligation de n\u00e9gocier de bonne foi avec<br \/>\nla nation Cowichan ;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t La Colombie-Britannique a le devoir de n\u00e9gocier de bonne foi<br \/>\nafin de concilier les droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple accord\u00e9s<br \/>\npar la Couronne et d\u00e9tenus par des tiers et les droits fonciers<br \/>\net de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 libre accord\u00e9s par la Couronne \u00e0 Richmond ; <\/p>\n<p>Il y a \u00e9galement eu une d\u00e9claration du droit aborig\u00e8ne de p\u00eacher<br \/>\ndans le bras sud du fleuve Fraser, qui impliquait un examen de la<br \/>\nl\u00e9gislation relative aux droits aborig\u00e8nes (par opposition au titre<br \/>\naborig\u00e8ne), qui n\u2019est pas abord\u00e9 dans le pr\u00e9sent document.<\/p>\n<p>Il importe de noter que la nation Cowichan n\u2019a pas r\u00e9clam\u00e9 de<br \/>\ncompensation financi\u00e8re. On ne sait pas quel aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 le r\u00e9sultat<br \/>\nsi une telle demande avait \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Fondement de la r\u00e9paration<br \/>\nLa d\u00e9claration de la cour reposait essentiellement sur son<br \/>\ninterpr\u00e9tation des preuves selon lesquelles, en \u00e9change de<br \/>\nl\u2019accord de la nation Cowichan de maintenir la paix avec les colons,<br \/>\nle gouverneur Douglas, au nom de la Couronne britannique,<br \/>\navait promis de r\u00e9server, et avait effectivement r\u00e9serv\u00e9, des<br \/>\nterres pour la nation Cowichan15 et que rien dans les \u00e9v\u00e9nements<br \/>\nqui ont suivi l\u2019engagement de Douglas ne prouvait un renoncement<br \/>\n\u00e0 cette intention, m\u00eame si la cr\u00e9ation officielle de la r\u00e9serve<br \/>\nn\u2019avait pas eu lieu. De l\u2019avis de la cour, les preuves fournies par les<br \/>\nparoles et le comportement des repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement<br \/>\nconfirmaient l\u2019opinion selon laquelle des terres avaient \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nou devaient \u00eatre mises de c\u00f4t\u00e9 pour la nation Cowichan, et la<br \/>\nsuccession de lois et de documents constitutionnels servait \u00e0<br \/>\nexprimer cette intention et \u00e0 consolider la revendication du titre<br \/>\naborig\u00e8ne sur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Avant que la Colombie-Britannique ne fasse partie du<br \/>\nCanada, la Cour a estim\u00e9 que la l\u00e9gislation en vigueur en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nfonci\u00e8re appuyait l\u2019id\u00e9e que les terres avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ou devaient<br \/>\n\u00eatre \u00ab appropri\u00e9es \u00bb (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire r\u00e9serv\u00e9es) pour la nation<br \/>\nCowichan. Il n\u2019y a jamais eu de d\u00e9claration expresse contredisant<br \/>\nce que Douglas avait initi\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La cour a estim\u00e9 que lorsque la Colombie-Britannique a<br \/>\nrejoint le Canada, sa comp\u00e9tence en mati\u00e8re de terres mises de<br \/>\nc\u00f4t\u00e9 pour les peuples autochtones a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 la Couronne<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rale, de sorte que toute tentative provinciale d\u2019accorder un<br \/>\ndroit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple sur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es \u00e9tait<br \/>\nd\u00e9pourvue de fondement constitutionnel. En outre, avec l\u2019entr\u00e9e<br \/>\nde la Colombie-Britannique dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, la Couronne<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rale a assum\u00e9 les obligations que la Colombie-Britannique<br \/>\navait contract\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des peuples autochtones, y compris la<br \/>\nnation Cowichan.<\/p>\n<p>La Cour a conclu que le titre aborig\u00e8ne de la nation Cowichan<br \/>\ngr\u00e8ve les terres sur lesquelles la Couronne a accord\u00e9 des droits<br \/>\nen fief simple. Les changements intervenus au fil des ans dans<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple n\u2019ont pas supplant\u00e9 le titre aborig\u00e8ne.<br \/>\nPar cons\u00e9quent, \u00ab &#8230; lorsque le titre aborig\u00e8ne et les droits en<br \/>\nfief simple coexistent sur une m\u00eame terre, les int\u00e9r\u00eats respectifs<br \/>\ndoivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s dans le cadre plus large de la r\u00e9conciliation&#8230; \u00bb<br \/>\nLe titre aborig\u00e8ne limite la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e ; il s\u2019agit d\u2019un droit<br \/>\nant\u00e9rieur et sup\u00e9rieur sur la terre.16<\/p>\n<p>Pour la Cour, la question qu\u2019il convient de poser est la<br \/>\nsuivante : \u00ab Que reste-t-il du titre en fief simple apr\u00e8s la<br \/>\nreconnaissance du titre aborig\u00e8ne sur les m\u00eames terres ?17 <\/p>\n<p>La ville de Richmond a fait valoir que le syst\u00e8me Torrens<br \/>\npour les titres fonciers mis en \u0153uvre dans la Land Title Act de la<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique (en particulier les articles 23 et 25) cr\u00e9ait<br \/>\nun titre inali\u00e9nable pour le propri\u00e9taire enregistr\u00e9 du droit de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple et, par cons\u00e9quent, la ville a fait valoir<br \/>\nque les droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple actuels pr\u00e9valaient sur<br \/>\nles revendications de la nation Cowichan. La cour a rapidement<br \/>\nrejet\u00e9 cet argument. Elle a estim\u00e9 que le l\u00e9gislateur n\u2019avait pas<br \/>\nl\u2019intention de faire de l\u2019article 23 un obstacle \u00e0 une revendication de<br \/>\ntitre aborig\u00e8ne. La cour a estim\u00e9 que le titre aborig\u00e8ne ne d\u00e9coule<br \/>\npas du titre de la Couronne. Elle a estim\u00e9 que la Land Title Act vise<br \/>\nuniquement \u00e0 mettre en place un syst\u00e8me d\u2019enregistrement.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion : qu\u2019est-ce que cela signifie pour les \u00e9valuateurs ?<br \/>\nPour un \u00e9valuateur, l\u2019affaire Cowichan entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diates. La possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une revendication du titre aborig\u00e8ne<br \/>\noblige-t-elle l\u2019\u00e9valuateur \u00e0 en faire l\u2019ajout sur la liste des<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires dans un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation ? Si un<br \/>\nclient demande \u00e0 un \u00e9valuateur d\u2019int\u00e9grer dans son opinion sur la<br \/>\nvaleur la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une revendication r\u00e9ussie du titre aborig\u00e8ne,<br \/>\ncomment l\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit-il s\u2019y prendre ? <\/p>\n<p>Comment un \u00e9valuateur pourrait-il m\u00eame identifier qui<br \/>\npourrait revendiquer un titre aborig\u00e8ne, quelles pourraient <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 74 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>\u00eatre les limites de la revendication fonci\u00e8re, quelle forme<br \/>\nde r\u00e9paration pourrait \u00eatre demand\u00e9e (par exemple, des<br \/>\nd\u00e9clarations de droit, des r\u00e9clamations p\u00e9cuniaires, etc.) et s\u2019il<br \/>\nexiste des revendications concurrentes ou qui se chevauchent<br \/>\n? Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019enregistrement des titres fonciers n\u2019apporte<br \/>\naucune aide. Comme le souligne la Cour dans l\u2019affaire Cowichan,<br \/>\n\u00ab aucune mise en garde, litispendance ou attestation de litige<br \/>\nen cours ne peut \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9e pour avertir les acheteurs de<br \/>\nl\u2019existence d\u2019une revendication territoriale non prouv\u00e9e par les<br \/>\npeuples autochtones \u00bb.18<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019affaire Cowichan, la Cour n\u2019a pas fourni de limites<br \/>\npr\u00e9cises quant au territoire sur lequel la nation Cowichan d\u00e9tient<br \/>\nun titre aborig\u00e8ne.19  On peut supposer que la cour a laiss\u00e9 cette<br \/>\nquestion en suspens dans l\u2019espoir ardent que les parties n\u00e9gocient<br \/>\nles limites. Cela souligne le fait que dans chaque revendication de<br \/>\ntitre aborig\u00e8ne, si la revendication est prouv\u00e9e, il reste n\u00e9cessaire<br \/>\nde mener une enqu\u00eate pour d\u00e9terminer les limites qui r\u00e9sulteront<br \/>\nsoit de n\u00e9gociations, soit d\u2019un litige, deux processus qui risquent<br \/>\nfort d\u2019\u00eatre longs.<\/p>\n<p>Nous ne saurons pas avant un certain temps si la d\u00e9cision<br \/>\nCowichan sera confirm\u00e9e en appel. Le processus ne sera pas rapide.<br \/>\nDans l\u2019intervalle, l\u2019incertitude r\u00e8gnera. Les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019achat, \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019am\u00e9nagement et \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des terres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Notes en fin de texte<br \/>\n1\t Cowichan, paragraphe 6<br \/>\n2\t Cowichan, paragraphes 1657-2081 pour les preuves et l\u2019analyse <\/p>\n<p>ayant conduit \u00e0 cette conclusion concernant la promesse <\/p>\n<p>et l\u2019appropriation de Douglas, y compris les \u00e9v\u00e9nements<br \/>\npost\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 Douglas<\/p>\n<p>3\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 44<br \/>\n4\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 525<br \/>\n5\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 527<br \/>\n6\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 530<br \/>\n7\t  Cowichan, paragraphes 525-1656<br \/>\n8\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2141<br \/>\n9\t  Cowichan, paragraphes 2176-2181<br \/>\n10\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2183<br \/>\n11\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2186<br \/>\n12\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2308<br \/>\n13\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2310<br \/>\n14\t  Cowichan, paragraphes 7, 75, 3724<br \/>\n15\t  Cowichan, paragraphes 1811-1838<br \/>\n16\t  Cowichan, paragraphes 2188-2194<br \/>\n17\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2193<br \/>\n18\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 2252<br \/>\n19\t  Cowichan, paragraphe 31<\/p>\n<p>Cet article a pour but de susciter la discussion et d\u2019amener les<br \/>\npraticiens \u00e0 prendre conscience des enjeux dans le domaine du<br \/>\ndroit . Il ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un conseil juridique.<br \/>\nToute question relative \u00e0 cet article dans des circonstances<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res devrait \u00eatre pos\u00e9e \u00e0 des praticiens qualifi\u00e9s du<br \/>\ndroit et de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation.  <\/p>\n<p>Interactive Edition<br \/>\navailable online<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9dition<br \/>\ninteractive<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant disponible<\/p>\n<p>Mobile,<br \/>\n iPad, iPhone <\/p>\n<p>versions<br \/>\nincluded!<\/p>\n<p>Versions pour<br \/>\nles appareils<br \/>\nmobiles, iPad <\/p>\n<p>et iPhone<br \/>\nincluses.<\/p>\n<p>Visit www.aicanada.ca&emsp;|&emsp;En savoir plus www.aicanada.ca\/fr<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 75Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\ufffd|\ufffdEn<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr<\/p>\n<p>EDUCATION<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s new at UBC?<br \/>\nFirst Principles and First Nations:<br \/>\nReframing Canada\u2019s Real Estate<br \/>\nthrough an Indigenous Lens<\/p>\n<p>BY MAGEE WALKER<br \/>\nASSOCIATE DIRECTOR &#8211; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, UBC SAUDER SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, REAL ESTATE DIVISION<\/p>\n<p>F rom Indigenous assessment and<br \/>\ntaxation, to Treaty negotiations,<br \/>\nto valuing leasehold interests<br \/>\nand Reserve and Treaty <\/p>\n<p>settlement lands, there are countless<br \/>\nopportunities for Canadian real estate<br \/>\nvaluation experts to work alongside First<br \/>\nNations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit communities.<br \/>\nMaybe you have the technical know-how<br \/>\nneeded to work on these assignments \u2013 but<br \/>\ndo you have a foundational understanding<br \/>\nof how to build meaningful relationships<br \/>\nwith Indigenous Peoples?<\/p>\n<p>This latter skill was the focus we had<br \/>\nin mind when we set out to develop UBC\u2019s<br \/>\nnewest CPD course, CPD 165 \u2013 First Principles<br \/>\nand First Nations: Reframing Canada\u2019s Real<br \/>\nEstate through an Indigenous Lens. <\/p>\n<p>First, we invited a panel of experts \u2013 a<br \/>\nmix of Indigenous\/non-Indigenous and AIC<br \/>\nMembers\/non-Members \u2013 to host a webinar<br \/>\ndiscussing how Indigenous perspectives<br \/>\non land and language impact the Canadian<br \/>\nvaluation profession. Next, a team of<br \/>\nIndigenous real estate professionals, along<br \/>\nwith real estate professionals who work<br \/>\nclosely with Indigenous groups in a variety of<br \/>\ncontexts, helped build out a written lesson to<br \/>\naccompany the webinar. In September 2025,<br \/>\nwe proudly launched CPD 165 in its entirety<br \/>\n(including the archived webinar), worth<br \/>\n4 CPD credits for AIC Members.<\/p>\n<p>This course begins by clarifying its purpose:<br \/>\nto consider the valuation professional\u2019s role in<br \/>\nreconciliation and in creating mutually<br \/>\nrespectful relationships between Aboriginal and<br \/>\nnon-Aboriginal peoples.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 76 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EDUCATION<\/p>\n<p>As Courtnee Helem, a contributing<br \/>\nauthor to the course and member of the<br \/>\nNlaka\u2019pamux Nation, states, \u201cBuilding<br \/>\neffective relationships requires an<br \/>\napproach rooted in respect and openness<br \/>\nto learning. Collaboration starts with<br \/>\ndialogue based on mutual respect and<br \/>\nrecognition of rights. It\u2019s about finding<br \/>\ncommon ground and shared values.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Using AIC\u2019s First Principles of Value<br \/>\nas a framework, CPD 165 examines<br \/>\nthe perspectives of First Nations and<br \/>\nIndigenous peoples with respect to real<br \/>\nestate in Canada. Here\u2019s a look at how the<br \/>\ncourse is structured:<\/p>\n<p>Problem identification: Just as all<br \/>\nvaluation assignments begin by<br \/>\nestablishing the context of the work to be<br \/>\ncompleted, this course begins by clarifying<br \/>\nits purpose: to consider the valuation<br \/>\nprofessional\u2019s role in reconciliation and in<br \/>\ncreating mutually respectful relationships<br \/>\nbetween Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal<br \/>\npeoples. The pursuit of reconciliation is<br \/>\nthe key driver behind UBC\u2019s Indigenous<br \/>\nStrategic Plan (ISP), which highlights the<br \/>\nimportance of intercultural understanding,<br \/>\nempathy, and respect for the rights of all<br \/>\npeoples. This CPD course is our way of<br \/>\nfostering important conversations within<br \/>\nthe valuation profession.<\/p>\n<p>Property content: This course compares<br \/>\nand contrasts Indigenous and Western<br \/>\nperspectives on various aspects of real<br \/>\nestate, from ownership to land use<br \/>\nand management. Broadening your<br \/>\nunderstanding of these viewpoints can<br \/>\nhelp identify potential areas of challenge<br \/>\nor conflict, while working towards finding<br \/>\nways to bridge gaps.<\/p>\n<p>Legal considerations: Canadian real estate<br \/>\nis built on a legal framework that is steeped<br \/>\nin colonization \u2013 but what happens when<br \/>\nyou flip the script and re-examine legal<br \/>\nconcepts using an Indigenous framework? Is<br \/>\nit possible to abide by Western legal systems<br \/>\nwhile honouring Indigenous perspectives?<br \/>\nThis course may not have all the answers,<br \/>\nbut it invites you to reconsider concepts and<br \/>\nframeworks that are rarely questioned.<\/p>\n<p>Highest and Best Use: The HBU analysis is<br \/>\nthe heart of most valuation assignments \u2013<br \/>\nand it takes on a whole new meaning when<br \/>\nthe land is viewed not just as a commodity or<br \/>\nresource, but as the foundation of identity,<br \/>\nculture, and community. <\/p>\n<p>Research: Every valuation professional<br \/>\nknows the importance of being well-<br \/>\nprepared and well-researched when<br \/>\napproaching a new assignment. Building a <\/p>\n<p>This course will help you understand how Indigenous perspectives can impact<br \/>\nyour day-to-day work and equip you with the knowledge needed to interact<br \/>\nrespectfully. This course encourages reflection on your own perspectives and<br \/>\nexperiences, building cultural awareness that benefits both professional<br \/>\nand personal contexts.<\/p>\n<p>Is it possible to abide by Western legal systems<br \/>\nwhile honouring Indigenous perspectives?<\/p>\n<p>relationship with an Indigenous group is no<br \/>\ndifferent. This section of the course will help<br \/>\nyou develop your knowledge base so that you<br \/>\ncome to the table informed and prepared.<\/p>\n<p>Economic analysis: Applying the Seventh<br \/>\nGeneration Principle \u2013 the idea that today\u2019s<br \/>\nchoices should consider impacts for seven<br \/>\ngenerations to come \u2013 CPD 165 students<br \/>\nare invited to reconsider how the economic<br \/>\nvalue of land is measured.<\/p>\n<p>To be perfectly transparent, this course will<br \/>\nnot teach you the technical skills needed to<br \/>\nwork on valuation assignments, nor will it tell<br \/>\nyou everything you need to know about the<br \/>\nIndigenous communities near you \u2013 after all,<br \/>\nthere are over 630 First Nations across Canada. <\/p>\n<p>It will, however, help you understand<br \/>\nhow Indigenous perspectives can impact<br \/>\nyour day-to-day work and equip you with the<br \/>\nknowledge needed to interact respectfully.<br \/>\nThis course encourages reflection on your<br \/>\nown perspectives and experiences, building<br \/>\ncultural awareness that benefits both<br \/>\nprofessional and personal contexts.<\/p>\n<p>In the future, we hope to develop<br \/>\nadditional CPD courses that focus on specific<br \/>\nvaluation assignments related to Indigenous<br \/>\ncommunities. If you have experience in these<br \/>\nareas and are willing to share with your AIC<br \/>\nMembers, please do not hesitate to reach<br \/>\nout at magee.walker@sauder.ubc.ca. This<br \/>\ncourse is intended to be the first of many,<br \/>\nas AIC Members continue to exploring<br \/>\nthe opportunities that come with working<br \/>\nalongside Indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n<p>To register for CPD 165, please visit<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/cpd and search \u2018CPD 165.\u2019 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 77Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:magee.walker@sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Quoi de neuf \u00e0 l\u2019UBC ?<br \/>\nLes premiers principes et les Premi\u00e8res<br \/>\nNations : repenser l\u2019immobilier canadien<br \/>\ndans une optique autochtone <\/p>\n<p>PAR MAGEE WALKER<br \/>\nDIRECTRICE ADJOINTE &#8211; D\u00c9VELOPPEMENT DES PROGRAMMES,<br \/>\nUNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA SAUDER SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, DIVISION DE L\u2019IMMOBILIER<\/p>\n<p>De l\u2019\u00e9valuation et de la taxation<br \/>\nautochtones aux n\u00e9gociations<br \/>\nde trait\u00e9s, en passant par<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation des droits de bail et <\/p>\n<p>des terres de r\u00e9serve et des terres vis\u00e9es par<br \/>\nun trait\u00e9, les experts canadiens en \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re ont d\u2019innombrables occasions<br \/>\nde travailler aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s des<br \/>\nPremi\u00e8res Nations, des M\u00e9tis et des Inuits.<br \/>\nVous disposez peut-\u00eatre du savoir-faire<br \/>\ntechnique n\u00e9cessaire pour mener \u00e0 bien<br \/>\nces contrats de service, mais avez-vous une<br \/>\ncompr\u00e9hension fondamentale de la mani\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9tablir des relations significatives avec les<br \/>\npeuples autochtones ? <\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est cette derni\u00e8re comp\u00e9tence qui \u00e9tait<br \/>\nau centre de nos pr\u00e9occupations lorsque<br \/>\nnous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er le tout nouveau<br \/>\ncours de formation continue de l\u2019University<br \/>\nof British Columbia (UBC), PPC 165 \u2013 First<br \/>\nPrinciples and First Nations: Reframing<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s Real Estate through an Indigenous<br \/>\nLens (Premiers principes et Premi\u00e8res<br \/>\nNations : repenser l\u2019immobilier canadien<br \/>\ndans une optique autochtone). <\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, nous avons invit\u00e9 un<br \/>\npanel d\u2019experts \u2013 compos\u00e9 de membres<br \/>\nautochtones et non autochtones, membres<br \/>\net non membres de l\u2019ICE \u2013 \u00e0 animer un<br \/>\nwebinaire sur l\u2019impact que les perspectives<br \/>\nautochtones sur la terre et la langue exercent<br \/>\nsur la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur au Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Ce cours commence par clarifier son objectif qui<br \/>\nconsiste \u00e0 examiner le r\u00f4le des professionnels<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation dans la r\u00e9conciliation et dans la<br \/>\ncr\u00e9ation de relations mutuellement respectueuses<br \/>\nentre les peuples autochtones et non autochtones.<\/p>\n<p>FORMATION<\/p>\n<p>Ensuite, une \u00e9quipe de professionnels<br \/>\nimmobiliers autochtones, ainsi que des<br \/>\nprofessionnels immobiliers qui travaillent<br \/>\nen \u00e9troite collaboration avec des groupes<br \/>\nautochtones dans divers contextes, ont<br \/>\ncontribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un cours \u00e9crit pour<br \/>\naccompagner le webinaire. En septembre<br \/>\n2025, nous avons fi\u00e8rement lanc\u00e9 le cours<br \/>\nPPC 165 dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 (y compris <\/p>\n<p>le webinaire archiv\u00e9), qui vaut 4 cr\u00e9dits de<br \/>\nformation continue pour les membres de l\u2019ICE. <\/p>\n<p>Selon Courtnee Helem, coauteure du<br \/>\ncours et membre de la nation Nlaka\u2019pamux,<br \/>\n\u00ab l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de relations efficaces<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessite une approche fond\u00e9e sur le<br \/>\nrespect et l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage. La<br \/>\ncollaboration commence par un dialogue bas\u00e9<br \/>\nsur le respect mutuel et la reconnaissance des <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 78 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>droits. Il s\u2019agit de trouver un terrain d\u2019entente et<br \/>\ndes valeurs communes \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>En s\u2019appuyant sur les premiers principes de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE, le cours PPC 165 examine les perspectives<br \/>\ndes Premi\u00e8res Nations et des peuples<br \/>\nautochtones en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immobilier au Canada.<br \/>\nVoici un aper\u00e7u de la structure du cours :<\/p>\n<p>Identification du probl\u00e8me : Tout contrat de<br \/>\nservice d\u2019\u00e9valuation commence par la d\u00e9finition<br \/>\ndu contexte du travail \u00e0 accomplir, ce cours<br \/>\ncommence aussi par clarifier son objectif qui<br \/>\nconsiste \u00e0 examiner le r\u00f4le des professionnels<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation dans la r\u00e9conciliation et<br \/>\ndans la cr\u00e9ation de relations mutuellement<br \/>\nrespectueuses entre les peuples autochtones<br \/>\net non autochtones. La recherche de la<br \/>\nr\u00e9conciliation est le principal moteur du plan<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gique autochtone (PSA)de l\u2019UBC, qui<br \/>\nsouligne l\u2019importance de la compr\u00e9hension<br \/>\ninterculturelle, de l\u2019empathie et du respect<br \/>\ndes droits de tous les peuples. Ce cours de<br \/>\nformation continue est notre fa\u00e7on de favoriser<br \/>\ndes conversations importantes au sein de la<br \/>\nprofession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. <\/p>\n<p>Contenu immobilier : Ce cours compare<br \/>\net oppose les perspectives autochtones et<br \/>\noccidentales sur divers aspects de l\u2019immobilier, du<br \/>\ndroit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation et \u00e0 la gestion des<br \/>\nterres. \u00c9largir votre compr\u00e9hension de ces points<br \/>\nde vue peut vous aider \u00e0 identifier les domaines<br \/>\npotentiels de difficult\u00e9 ou de conflit, tout en<br \/>\ncherchant des moyens de combler les \u00e9carts. <\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00e9rations juridiques : L\u2019immobilier<br \/>\ncanadien repose sur un cadre juridique<br \/>\nimpr\u00e9gn\u00e9 de colonisation, mais que<br \/>\nse passe-t-il lorsque l\u2019on renverse le<br \/>\nsc\u00e9nario et que l\u2019on r\u00e9examine les concepts<br \/>\njuridiques \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un cadre autochtone ?<br \/>\nEst-il possible de respecter les syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\njuridiques occidentaux tout en honorant<br \/>\nles perspectives autochtones ? Ce cours<br \/>\nn\u2019apporte peut-\u00eatre pas toutes les r\u00e9ponses,<br \/>\nmais il vous invite \u00e0 reconsid\u00e9rer des<br \/>\nconcepts et des cadres qui sont rarement<br \/>\nremis en question. <\/p>\n<p>Utilisation optimale : L\u2019analyse de<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation optimale est au c\u0153ur de la<br \/>\nplupart des contrats de service d\u2019\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\net elle prend un tout nouveau sens lorsque<br \/>\nla terre est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e non seulement<br \/>\ncomme une marchandise ou une ressource,<br \/>\nmais aussi comme le fondement de<br \/>\nl\u2019identit\u00e9, de la culture et de la communaut\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Recherche : Tous les professionnels de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation savent qu\u2019il est important<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00eatre bien pr\u00e9par\u00e9 et d\u2019avoir effectu\u00e9 des<br \/>\nrecherches approfondies avant d\u2019aborder<br \/>\nun nouveau contrat de service. Il en va de<br \/>\nm\u00eame pour l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de relations<br \/>\navec un groupe autochtone. Cette partie<br \/>\ndu cours vous aidera \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper vos<br \/>\nconnaissances afin que vous puissiez vous<br \/>\npr\u00e9senter \u00e0 la table des n\u00e9gociations bien<br \/>\ninform\u00e9 et bien pr\u00e9par\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Ce cours vous aidera \u00e0 comprendre comment les perspectives autochtones<br \/>\npeuvent influencer votre travail quotidien et vous fournira les connaissances<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour interagir de mani\u00e8re respectueuse. Il vous encourage \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir<br \/>\n\u00e0 vos propres perspectives et exp\u00e9riences, en d\u00e9veloppant une conscience<br \/>\nculturelle qui vous sera utile tant sur le plan professionnel que personnel.<\/p>\n<p>Est-il possible de respecter les syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\njuridiques occidentaux tout en honorant les<br \/>\nperspectives autochtones ?<\/p>\n<p>Analyse \u00e9conomique : En appliquant le<br \/>\nprincipe de la septi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, selon<br \/>\nlequel les choix d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui doivent<br \/>\ntenir compte de leur impact sur les sept<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir, les \u00e9tudiants du cours<br \/>\nPPC 165 sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 reconsid\u00e9rer la<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re dont la valeur \u00e9conomique des<br \/>\nterres est mesur\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>En toute transparence, ce cours ne vous<br \/>\nenseignera pas les comp\u00e9tences techniques<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour travailler sur des contrats<br \/>\nde service d\u2019\u00e9valuation, ni ne vous dira<br \/>\ntout ce que vous devez savoir sur les<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9s autochtones pr\u00e8s de chez<br \/>\nvous \u2013 apr\u00e8s tout, il existe plus de 630<br \/>\nPremi\u00e8res Nations \u00e0 travers le Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Il vous aidera toutefois \u00e0 comprendre<br \/>\ncomment les perspectives autochtones<br \/>\npeuvent influencer votre travail quotidien et<br \/>\nvous fournira les connaissances n\u00e9cessaires<br \/>\npour interagir de mani\u00e8re respectueuse. Ce<br \/>\ncours vous encourage \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 vos propres<br \/>\nperspectives et exp\u00e9riences, en d\u00e9veloppant<br \/>\nune conscience culturelle qui vous sera utile<br \/>\ntant sur le plan professionnel que personnel. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019avenir, nous esp\u00e9rons d\u00e9velopper<br \/>\nd\u2019autres cours de PPC ax\u00e9s sur des contrats<br \/>\nde service d\u2019\u00e9valuation sp\u00e9cifiques li\u00e9s aux<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9s autochtones. Si vous avez de<br \/>\nl\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans ces domaines et que vous<br \/>\n\u00eates pr\u00eat \u00e0 la partager avec les membres<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019adresse magee.walker@sauder.ubc.ca. Ce<br \/>\ncours est le premier d\u2019une longue s\u00e9rie, car<br \/>\nles membres de l\u2019ICE continuent d\u2019explorer<br \/>\nles possibilit\u00e9s offertes par la collaboration<br \/>\navec les peuples autochtones. <\/p>\n<p>Pour vous inscrire au PPC 165, consultez<br \/>\nle site realestate.ubc.ca\/cpd et cherchez<br \/>\n \u00ab CPD 165\u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>FORMATION<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 79Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:magee.walker@sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Will your business be better powered by TopDog? <\/p>\n<p>If you answered yes to any one of the above questions, you owe it to yourself, your associates, your clients to investigate and try TopDog<br \/>\nAppraisal O\ufffdce Software. For a two month free no obligation trial use Promo Code STARTER on our website: topdogappraisal.com<\/p>\n<p>Do you have more than 3 appraisers? <\/p>\n<p>Would you like to have a rewards program<br \/>\nto keep your good customers regular?<\/p>\n<p>Would you like to have more 5 star google<br \/>\nreviews?<\/p>\n<p>Would you like a system that accommodates<br \/>\nreferral assignments and inspectors? <\/p>\n<p>Do you have inspectors in addition to<br \/>\nappraisers? <\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>Would you like to reduce the cost of<br \/>\nyour O\ufffdce Appraisal Software and<br \/>\nsave money? <\/p>\n<p>Would you like your admin sta\ufffd to<br \/>\nsave on o\ufffdce task time leaving more<br \/>\ntime to communicate with Clients<br \/>\nand Appraisers? <\/p>\n<p>Would you like to grow your appraisal<br \/>\nbusiness?<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a8YES \uf0a8NO<\/p>\n<p>O\ufffdering powerful, easy-to-<br \/>\nuse features perfect for<br \/>\nappraisal \ufffdrms of all sizes<br \/>\n\u2022 Save time and money<br \/>\n\u2022 Improve client satisfaction<br \/>\n\u2022 Take control of your future<br \/>\n\u2022 Improve o\ufffdce\/sta\ufffd e\ufffdciency<br \/>\n\u2022 E\ufffdective order tracking<br \/>\n\u2022 Order stats and insight<br \/>\n\u2022 Customer management<br \/>\n\u2022 Rewards program<br \/>\n\u2022 Data protection<\/p>\n<p>To \ufffdnd out  how Top Dog can save<br \/>\nyou money, grow your business<br \/>\nand improve your o\ufffdce e\ufffdciency,<br \/>\nscan the QR code or visit us at<br \/>\ntopdogappraisal.com<\/p>\n<p>APPRAISAL OFFICE SOFTWARE<\/p>\n<p>APPRAISAL SOFTWARE<\/p>\n<p>\uf0ad P<br \/>\nROU<\/p>\n<p>DLY CANADIAN \uf0ad<\/p>\n<p>F I\u00c8 R EM E N T  C A N ADIE N<br \/>\nS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/topdogappraisal.com<\/p>\n<p>T he AIC 2025 National Conference, held from May 22-25 in<br \/>\nMontreal, brought together AIC Members for an impactful<br \/>\nexperience of learning, networking, and collaboration.<br \/>\nThe event featured 18 educational sessions led by AIC <\/p>\n<p>Professional Appraisers (P. App.), four plenary sessions and panels,<br \/>\na keynote address by Dr. Samantha Nutt, and a range of networking<br \/>\nopportunities. The program offered valuable insights and discussions<br \/>\non the evolving trends within the valuation profession.<\/p>\n<p>The Conference showcased the continued growth and<br \/>\ntransformation of Canada\u2019s valuation sector, addressing<br \/>\nemerging developments and the opportunities that come with<br \/>\nan ever-changing market. We extend our thanks to the Members, <\/p>\n<p>AIC 2025 National Conference Recap<br \/>\nvolunteers, sponsors, and speakers whose contributions were key to<br \/>\nthe success of this event. <\/p>\n<p>Looking ahead, we are excited to welcome you to Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nlargest valuation Conference again next year in Toronto, Ontario,<br \/>\nfrom May 27-30, 2026. This is your opportunity to inspire peers,<br \/>\nshare diverse perspectives, and showcase innovative approaches<br \/>\nthat will help strengthen our profession and communities.<\/p>\n<p>We are still welcoming conference presentation proposals and<br \/>\nsponsorship support. To submit your ideas and explore sponsorship<br \/>\nopportunities, please visit aicanada.ca. The deadline for presentation<br \/>\nsubmissions is Friday, December 5, 2025, at 5:00 p.m. ET. Visit the<br \/>\nwebsite regularly for the latest updates to the Conference program.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 81Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Volunteer Recognition Awards<br \/>\nA major highlight of the AIC National Conference each year is the celebration of excellence<br \/>\nin professional appraisal, marked by the presentation of the following awards.<\/p>\n<p>2025 Tyler Beatty Award for Rising Stars Recipients<br \/>\nSince 2016, the Tyler Beatty Award for Rising Stars has recognized exceptional Professional Appraisers who have achieved significant<br \/>\naccomplishments in their career and who have made noteworthy contributions to the appraisal profession. In 2022, the award was renamed<br \/>\nin honour of Tyler Beatty, P. App., A ACI, who passed away in March of that year. Tyler was an exemplary volunteer with the AIC and a very<br \/>\nsuccessful appraisal professional. This year\u2019s recipients are:<\/p>\n<p>NICHOLAS JANG, P. APP., AACI<br \/>\nNicholas started his career at LW Property Advisors and later moved to Garnett Wilson Realty<br \/>\nAdvisors. Both are respected boutique appraisal firms in Vancouver known for handling<br \/>\ncomplex valuation work. During this time, he worked on a wide range of IC&#038;I appraisals,<br \/>\nfocusing especially on expropriation cases involving partial and full takings.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>He now works on the Acquisitions team at BC Housing. In this role, he finds and acquires<br \/>\nproperties to help the organization provide affordable housing across the province. Nicholas<br \/>\nis also an active volunteer with AIC-BC. He served two years on the Board of Directors and has<br \/>\nbeen involved in several provincial committees. Most recently, he served as Secretary for the<br \/>\nAIC Vancouver Chapter.<\/p>\n<p>JONATHAN HYNES, B.COMM, P. APP., AACI, MAI, MRICS<br \/>\nJonathan began his real estate career in 2015 while attending university, joining Altus Group as<br \/>\na Junior Analyst. After graduating with a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 2016, he continued<br \/>\nto grow his expertise, earning his A ACI designation in 2019. Jonathan now manages a cross-<br \/>\nborder team within Altus Group\u2019s Valuation Advisory practice, focusing on commercial real<br \/>\nestate valuation management services across Canada and the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>In 2024, Jonathan earned both the MAI designation from the Appraisal Institute (U.S.) and<br \/>\nthe MRICS designation from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. He is among the very<br \/>\nfew valuation professionals to hold both the A ACI and MAI designations. Jonathan actively<br \/>\nmentors several AIC Candidates and also serves as a Candidate Advisor with the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute (U.S.). He has been an active member of his provincial AIC Board of Directors since<br \/>\n2019, serving in various positions, including President from 2023 to 2024.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 82 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DENA KNOPP, P. APP., CRA, FELLOW<br \/>\nDena began her professional career as a legal assistant, working primarily in real estate and<br \/>\nforeclosures. Seeking further opportunities, she joined the Appraisal Institute of Canada in 2003<br \/>\nand earned her CRA designation in 2007. She continues to practice as a fee appraiser in the Calgary<br \/>\nregion and manages her firm, Advantage Valuation, completing a broad range of assignments for<br \/>\nboth financing and non-financing purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Always looking for ways to contribute to the appraisal profession, Dena received a Presidential<br \/>\nCitation from the Alberta Association of the AIC in 2012 in recognition of her efforts. Her service<br \/>\nincludes the Calgary MLC (2009\u20132016), the Alberta Board of Directors (since 2012), the National<br \/>\nBoard (since 2019), numerous National Committees, and serving as National President for<br \/>\nthe 2024\u20132025 term. She has also volunteered with her Community Association\u2019s Planning &#038;<br \/>\nDevelopment Committee.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to entering the appraisal profession, Dena worked as a Legal Assistant for 10 years, in<br \/>\nthe areas of real estate, foreclosures and litigation. She is Alberta-born, raised on a farm in rural<br \/>\nAlberta, and has called Calgary home since 1989.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>50-Year Members<br \/>\nThis year, 12 AIC Professional Appraisers celebrated their 50-year anniversary as Members of the AIC! Their longevity as Members is a<br \/>\ntestament to their dedication to the appraisal profession. Congratulations to:<\/p>\n<p>Fellowship Recipients<br \/>\nThe title of\u00a0Fellow\u00a0is granted to Designated Members who have distinguished themselves by their exemplary contributions to the appraisal<br \/>\nprofession. This is demonstrated by a high degree of excellence and achievement which contributes to the profession\u2019s advancement.<br \/>\nThis year\u2019s recipient is:<\/p>\n<p>President\u2019s Citation<br \/>\nThe\u00a0President\u2019s Citation\u00a0is one of most prestigious awards that is granted to volunteers of the AIC. The award is granted at the discretion of the<br \/>\noutgoing President to long-standing committee volunteers who have demonstrated leadership and commitment. This year\u2019s recipient is:<\/p>\n<p>TERRY BROOKE, P. APP., AACI<br \/>\nManaging Partner (Calgary) of Bourgeois Brooke Chin Associates, Terry has 47 years of real estate<br \/>\nvaluation experience. He began his career with CMHC in early 1978 and has been a commercial<br \/>\nfee appraiser since 1979, completing commercial advisory and appraisal\u00a0assignments in Alberta,<br \/>\nBritish Columbia and Manitoba. A member of the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) since 1977,<br \/>\nTerry has volunteer experience as a Director of AIC-Alberta since 2012. He was President of<br \/>\nAIC-Alberta from 2019 to 2021. He is currently Vice President and Treasurer. Terry was an AIC<br \/>\nProfessional Competency Interviewer (PCI) from 2011 to 2024. At the National level, he is currently<br \/>\nChair of the Investigating Working Group. In November 2016, he was awarded an MSc in Real Estate<br \/>\nInvestment\u00a0and Finance from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Brian Flood, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Daryl Genereux, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Edward Gorski, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Graydon Butt, P. App., A ACI<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Jerome Kirkland, P. App., A ACI, Fellow<br \/>\n\u2022\t Leonard Carty, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Robert Carruthers, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Sam Butkovich, P. App., A ACI<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Stephen Rayner, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Victor Sweett, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t William Brunsdon, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t William Spackman, P. App., CRA<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 83Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Merci \u00e0 nos commanditaires<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE remercie sinc\u00e8rement les commanditaires suivants pour leur<br \/>\nsoutien exceptionnel, qui rend possible le Congr\u00e8s national de l\u2019ICE.<br \/>\nNous vous remercions de votre incroyable g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement<br \/>\nle plus important au Canada pour les professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re n\u2019est possible que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 votre soutien continu.<\/p>\n<p>Thank you, sponsors<br \/>\nThe AIC extends its sincere thanks to the following sponsors for<br \/>\ntheir exceptional support, which makes the AIC National Conference<br \/>\npossible. Thank you for your incredible generosity. Canada\u2019s premier<br \/>\nevent for real estate valuation professionals is only possible with<br \/>\nyour ongoing support. <\/p>\n<p>HVI Appraisal<br \/>\nOrder Tracking System<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 84 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L e Congr\u00e8s national 2025 de l\u2019ICE, qui s\u2019est tenu du<br \/>\n22 au 25 mai \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, a r\u00e9uni les membres de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\npour une exp\u00e9rience enrichissante d\u2019apprentissage,<br \/>\nde r\u00e9seautage et de collaboration. L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement <\/p>\n<p>comprenait 18 s\u00e9ances \u00e9ducatives anim\u00e9es par des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nprofessionnels de l\u2019ICE (\u00c9. Pro.), quatre s\u00e9ances pl\u00e9ni\u00e8res et<br \/>\npanneaux, un discours liminaire de la Dre Samantha Nutt et de<br \/>\nnombreuses occasions de r\u00e9seautage. Le programme offrait des<br \/>\nperspectives et des discussions enrichissantes sur les tendances<br \/>\nen \u00e9volution dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Le Congr\u00e8s a mis en \u00e9vidence la croissance et la<br \/>\ntransformation continues du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada,<br \/>\nen abordant les d\u00e9veloppements \u00e9mergents et les opportunit\u00e9s<br \/>\nd\u2019un march\u00e9 en constante \u00e9volution. Nous remercions<br \/>\nles membres, les b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, les commanditaires et les <\/p>\n<p>Bilan du Congr\u00e8s national 2025 de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nconf\u00e9renciers dont la contribution a \u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle au succ\u00e8s de<br \/>\ncet \u00e9v\u00e9nement. <\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes ravis de vous accueillir \u00e0 nouveau l\u2019ann\u00e9e<br \/>\nprochaine \u00e0 Toronto, en Ontario, du 27 au 30 mai 2026, pour<br \/>\nla plus grande conf\u00e9rence sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada. Ce<br \/>\nsera l\u2019occasion d\u2019inspirer vos pairs, de partager des points de<br \/>\nvue diversifi\u00e9s et de pr\u00e9senter des approches innovantes qui<br \/>\ncontribueront \u00e0 renforcer notre profession et nos communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Nous acceptons toujours les propositions de pr\u00e9sentations<br \/>\npour le Congr\u00e8s et les demandes de commandites. Pour<br \/>\nsoumettre vos id\u00e9es et explorer les possibilit\u00e9s de commandite,<br \/>\nveuillez consulter le site aicanada.ca. La date limite pour<br \/>\nsoumettre vos pr\u00e9sentations est le vendredi 5 d\u00e9cembre 2025<br \/>\n\u00e0 17 h (heure de l\u2019Est). Consultez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le site web pour<br \/>\nconna\u00eetre les derni\u00e8res mises \u00e0 jour du programme du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 85Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Chaque ann\u00e9e, l\u2019un des points marquants du Congr\u00e8s national de l\u2019ICE est la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de<br \/>\nl\u2019excellence dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation professionnelle, marqu\u00e9e par la remise des prix suivants.<\/p>\n<p>Le Prix \u00e9toiles montantes Tyler Beatty<br \/>\nDepuis 2016, le Prix \u00e9toiles montantes Tyler Beatty reconna\u00eet les \u00c9valuateurs Professionnels (\u00c9. Pro.) exceptionnels qui ont accompli des<br \/>\nr\u00e9alisations importantes au cours de leur carri\u00e8re et qui ont apport\u00e9 des contributions notables \u00e0 la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. En 2022, le prix<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 renomm\u00e9 en l\u2019honneur de Tyler Beatty, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI, qui est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en mars de cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0. Tyler \u00e9tait un b\u00e9n\u00e9vole exemplaire de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et un professionnel de l\u2019\u00e9valuation tr\u00e8s performant. Les r\u00e9cipiendaires de cette ann\u00e9e sont :<\/p>\n<p>NICHOLAS JANG, \u00c9. PRO., AACI<br \/>\nNicholas a commenc\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re chez LW Property Advisors, puis a rejoint Garnett Wilson<br \/>\nRealty Advisors. Ces deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sont des cabinets d\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e0 Vancouver, connus<br \/>\npour traiter des travaux d\u2019\u00e9valuation complexes. Au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, il a travaill\u00e9 sur un<br \/>\nlarge \u00e9ventail d\u2019\u00e9valuations industrielles, commerciales et institutionnelles, en se concentrant<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8rement sur les cas d\u2019expropriation impliquant des acquisitions partielles et totales.<\/p>\n<p>Il travaille maintenant au sein de l\u2019\u00e9quipe Acquisitions de BC Housing. \u00c0 ce titre, il recherche<br \/>\net acquiert des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s afin d\u2019aider l\u2019organisation \u00e0 fournir des logements abordables dans<br \/>\ntoute la province. Nicholas est \u00e9galement un b\u00e9n\u00e9vole actif au sein de l\u2019ICE-BC. Il a si\u00e9g\u00e9<br \/>\npendant deux ans au conseil d\u2019administration et a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs comit\u00e9s provinciaux.<br \/>\nPlus r\u00e9cemment, il a occup\u00e9 le poste de secr\u00e9taire de la section de Vancouver de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>JONATHAN HYNES, B. COMM, \u00c9. PRO., AACI, MAI, MRICS<br \/>\nJonathan a commenc\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re dans l\u2019immobilier en 2015, alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait encore \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019universit\u00e9, en rejoignant Altus Group en tant qu\u2019analyste junior. Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu son<br \/>\nbaccalaur\u00e9at en commerce en 2016, il a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper son expertise et a obtenu la<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation A ACI en 2019. Jonathan dirige aujourd\u2019hui une \u00e9quipe transfrontali\u00e8re au sein du<br \/>\nservice de conseil en \u00e9valuation d\u2019Altus Group, o\u00f9 il se concentre sur les services de gestion de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re commerciale au Canada et aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p>En 2024, Jonathan a obtenu \u00e0 la fois le titre de MAI de l\u2019Appraisal Institute (\u00c9tats-Unis) et celui<br \/>\nde MRICS de la Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Il fait partie des rares professionnels de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 d\u00e9tenir \u00e0 la fois les titres d\u2019AACI et de MAI. Jonathan encadre activement plusieurs<br \/>\nstagiaires \u00e0 l\u2019ICE et occupe \u00e9galement le poste de conseiller des stagiaires aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute (\u00c9tats-Unis). Il est un membre actif du conseil d\u2019administration provincial de l\u2019ICE depuis<br \/>\n2019, o\u00f9 il a occup\u00e9 divers postes, dont celui de pr\u00e9sident de 2023 \u00e0 2024.<\/p>\n<p>Prix de reconnaissance des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 86 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DENA KNOPP, \u00c9. PRO., CRA, FELLOW<br \/>\nDena a commenc\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re professionnelle en tant qu\u2019assistante juridique, travaillant principalement<br \/>\ndans l\u2019immobilier et les saisies immobili\u00e8res. \u00c0 la recherche de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s, elle a rejoint<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs en 2003 et a obtenu la d\u00e9signation CRA en 2007. Elle continue d\u2019exercer<br \/>\nen tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuatrice \u00e0 honoraires dans la r\u00e9gion de Calgary et g\u00e8re son cabinet, Advantage Valuation, o\u00f9<br \/>\nelle r\u00e9alise un large \u00e9ventail de contrats de service \u00e0 des fins de financement et autres fins. <\/p>\n<p>Toujours \u00e0 la recherche de moyens de contribuer \u00e0 la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur, Dena a re\u00e7u une<br \/>\nmention pr\u00e9sidentielle de l\u2019Association de l\u2019Alberta de l\u2019ICE en 2012 en reconnaissance de ses efforts.<br \/>\nElle a notamment si\u00e9g\u00e9 au MLC de Calgary (2009-2016), au conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019Alberta<br \/>\n(depuis 2012), au conseil national (depuis 2019) et \u00e0 de nombreux comit\u00e9s nationaux, et elle occupe le<br \/>\nposte de pr\u00e9sidente nationale pour le mandat 2024-2025. Elle a \u00e9galement fait du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat au sein du<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9 de planification et de d\u00e9veloppement de son association communautaire. <\/p>\n<p>Avant de se lancer dans la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuatrice, Dena a travaill\u00e9 pendant 10 ans comme<br \/>\nassistante juridique dans les domaines de l\u2019immobilier, des saisies immobili\u00e8res et des litiges. Elle est<br \/>\nn\u00e9e en Alberta, a grandi sur une ferme rurale de la province et vit \u00e0 Calgary depuis 1989.<\/p>\n<p>Membres du club des 50 ans<br \/>\nCette ann\u00e9e, 12 \u00e9valuateurs professionnels de l\u2019ICE ont f\u00eat\u00e9 leur 50e anniversaire en tant que membres de l\u2019ICE ! Leur long\u00e9vit\u00e9 en tant que<br \/>\nmembres t\u00e9moigne de leur d\u00e9vouement \u00e0 la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. F\u00e9licitations \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p>Nouveaux Fellows<br \/>\nLe titre de Fellow est d\u00e9cern\u00e9 aux membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par leur contribution exemplaire \u00e0 la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur.<br \/>\nCela se traduit par un haut degr\u00e9 d\u2019excellence et de r\u00e9ussite qui contribue \u00e0 l\u2019avancement de la profession. Le r\u00e9cipiendaire de cette ann\u00e9e est : <\/p>\n<p>Citation du Pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\nLa Citation du Pr\u00e9sident est l\u2019un des prix les plus prestigieux d\u00e9cern\u00e9s aux b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de l\u2019ICE. Elle est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e, \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion du<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident sortant, \u00e0 des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de longue date qui ont fait preuve de leadership et d\u2019engagement. Le r\u00e9cipiendaire de cette ann\u00e9e est :<\/p>\n<p>TERRY BROOKE, \u00c9. PRO., AACI<br \/>\nAssoci\u00e9 directeur (Calgary) de Bourgeois Brooke Chin Associates, Terry a 47 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re. Il a commenc\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 la SCHL au d\u00e9but de 1978 et est \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\ncommercial depuis 1979, r\u00e9alisant des contrats de consultation et d\u2019\u00e9valuation commerciale en<br \/>\nAlberta, en Colombie-Britannique et au Manitoba. Membre de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\n(ICE) depuis 1977, Terry est b\u00e9n\u00e9vole en tant que directeur de l\u2019ICE-Alberta depuis 2012. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE-Alberta de 2019 \u00e0 2021. Il est actuellement vice-pr\u00e9sident et tr\u00e9sorier. Terry<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 intervieweur en comp\u00e9tences professionnelles (ICP) de l\u2019ICE de 2011 \u00e0 2024. Au niveau<br \/>\nnational, il est actuellement pr\u00e9sident du groupe de travail sur les enqu\u00eates. En novembre<br \/>\n2016, il a obtenu une ma\u00eetrise en investissement immobilier et finance \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Heriot-Watt<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00c9dimbourg, en \u00c9cosse. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Brian Flood, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Daryl Genereux, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Edward Gorski, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Graydon Butt, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Jerome Kirkland, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI, Fellow<br \/>\n\u2022\t Leonard Carty, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Robert Carruthers, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Sam Butkovich, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Stephen Rayner, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t Victor Sweett, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t William Brunsdon, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n\u2022\t William Spackman, \u00c9. Pro., CRA<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 87Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Colleagues &#038; Friends<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 88 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Coll\u00e8gues et ami\u2022e\u2022s<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 89Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Colleagues &#038; Friends<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 90 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Coll\u00e8gues et ami\u2022e\u2022s<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 91Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>The Personal refers to The Personal Insurance Company. Certain conditions, exclusions<br \/>\nand limitations may apply. Auto insurance is not available in Manitoba, Saskatchewan<br \/>\nand British Columbia due to government-run plans. The Personal\u00ae and related<br \/>\ntrademarks are trademarks of The Personal Insurance Company, used under license.<\/p>\n<p>La Personnelle d\u00e9signe La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. Certaines conditions,<br \/>\nexclusions et limitations peuvent s\u2019appliquer. L\u2019assurance auto n\u2019est pas offerte au Manitoba,<br \/>\nen Saskatchewan ni en Colombie-Britannique, o\u00f9 il existe des r\u00e9gimes d\u2019assurance<br \/>\ngouvernementaux. La Personnelle\u2009MD et les marques de commerce associ\u00e9es sont<br \/>\ndes marques de commerce de La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. <\/p>\n<p>Stand out with<br \/>\nexclusive home and<br \/>\nauto insurance rates<\/p>\n<p>Tirez profit de tarifs<br \/>\nexclusifs pour<br \/>\nvos assurances<br \/>\nauto et habitation<\/p>\n<p>You could save more when<br \/>\nyou bundle home + auto<\/p>\n<p>Vous pourriez \u00e9conomiser<br \/>\nplus en combinant assurances<br \/>\nauto et habitation<\/p>\n<p>Obtenez une soumission aujourd\u2019hui.<br \/>\nlapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<br \/>\n1 888 476-8737<\/p>\n<p>Get your quote now.<br \/>\nthepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\n1-888-476-8737<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/thepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/lapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Journ\u00e9e sur la Colline du<br \/>\nParlement 2025 : amplifier la<br \/>\nvoix des \u00e9valuateurs \u00e0 Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>La Journ\u00e9e sur la Colline du<br \/>\nParlement 2025 a permis aux<br \/>\nmembres et \u00e0 la direction de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nde rencontrer directement des<br \/>\nministres f\u00e9d\u00e9raux, des d\u00e9put\u00e9s<br \/>\net des hauts fonctionnaires afin<br \/>\nde r\u00e9affirmer le r\u00f4le central des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs comme source fiable<br \/>\npour les secteurs du logement et<br \/>\ndes finances au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>La campagne percutante de<br \/>\ncette ann\u00e9e a non seulement<br \/>\nr\u00e9affirm\u00e9 l\u2019engagement de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nenvers la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats,<br \/>\nl\u2019innovation et la r\u00e9ussite \u00e0<br \/>\nlong terme des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nprofessionnels du Canada, mais <\/p>\n<p>elle a \u00e9galement fait progresser le dossier de mani\u00e8re significative,<br \/>\njetant les bases d\u2019un \u00e9lan encore plus fort dans les mois et les ann\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nvenir. Nous sommes stimul\u00e9s par nos progr\u00e8s et enthousiastes face \u00e0 ce<br \/>\nqui s\u2019en vient. <\/p>\n<p>Parliament Hill Day 2025:<br \/>\nAmplifying the Voices<br \/>\nof Appraisers in Ottawa<br \/>\nParliament Hill Day 2025<br \/>\nbrought AIC Members and<br \/>\nleadership face-to-face<br \/>\nwith federal Ministers,<br \/>\nMPs, and senior staff to<br \/>\nreinforce appraisers\u2019<br \/>\ncentral role as a trusted<br \/>\nresource for Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nhousing and financial<br \/>\nsectors.<\/p>\n<p>This year\u2019s impactful<br \/>\ncampaign not only<br \/>\nreaffirmed AIC\u2019s<br \/>\ncommitment to advocacy,<br \/>\ninnovation, and the long-<br \/>\nterm success of Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nProfessional Appraisers \u2013<br \/>\nit also moved the ball forward in a meaningful way, laying the<br \/>\ngroundwork for even greater momentum in the months and<br \/>\nyears ahead. We\u2019re energized by our progress and excited<br \/>\nabout what\u2019s to come. <\/p>\n<p>Stay sharp. Stay relevant. Stay ahead.<br \/>\nAppraisalCoaches.com | Elevating Commercial AppraisersTM.<\/p>\n<p>CLIMB FASTER.<br \/>\nSTAND TALLER.<\/p>\n<p>APPRAISAL<br \/>\nCOACHES<\/p>\n<p>Many commercial real estate appraisers struggle with analysis<br \/>\nparalysis, revisions, and fuzzy data reconciliations that their<br \/>\nclients can\u2019t follow.<br \/>\nCoaching re-ignites your growth. We\u2019ll show you how to:<br \/>\n\u2022\t Structure your data to strengthen your ability to analyze,<br \/>\n\u2022\t Sharpen your writing,<br \/>\n\u2022\t Achieve industry-best reports,<br \/>\n\u2022\t Use advanced tools to turn complexity into clarity. <\/p>\n<p>You\u2019ll deliver stronger reports, faster, and elevate your judgment.<br \/>\nYour clients will notice the difference. So will you. <\/p>\n<p> 250-859-6233<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 93Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"CBw7DtDMnb\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/appraisalcoaches.com\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Coaches\" src=\"https:\/\/appraisalcoaches.com\/embed\/#?secret=kbkWzsqI38#?secret=CBw7DtDMnb\" data-secret=\"CBw7DtDMnb\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>2026 calendar features<br \/>\namazing AIC photo<br \/>\ncontest images<br \/>\nAccompanying this issue<br \/>\nof CPV magazine is our<br \/>\nstriking new 2025 AIC<br \/>\ncalendar. Once again, the<br \/>\ncalendar features some<br \/>\nof the outstanding AIC<br \/>\nphoto contest entries<br \/>\nfrom Members across the<br \/>\ncountry. Included in these<br \/>\namazing images are the<br \/>\nphoto contest winning<br \/>\nentries submitted by<br \/>\nChelsea Zarft, P. App.,<br \/>\nA ACI (1st Place);<br \/>\nDaniel Gerein, P. App.,<br \/>\nCRA (2nd Place); and<br \/>\nSanjit Singh, P. App., A ACI<br \/>\n(3rd Place). Thank you to<br \/>\nall AIC Members who took this opportunity to showcase the built<br \/>\nand natural beauty of Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Le calendrier 2026 pr\u00e9sente<br \/>\nles images splendides du<br \/>\nconcours de photo de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Comme encart \u00e0 ce num\u00e9ro<br \/>\nde la revue EIC, vous<br \/>\ntrouverez le remarquable<br \/>\nnouveau calendrier 2025<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE. Encore une fois, le<br \/>\ncalendrier met en vedette<br \/>\ncertaines des plus belles<br \/>\nphotos du concours de l\u2019ICE,<br \/>\nprises par les membres<br \/>\nun peu partout au pays.<br \/>\nEntre autres, vous verrez<br \/>\nles photos gagnantes de<br \/>\nChelsea Zarft, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n(1\u00e8re\u00a0place); Daniel Gerein,<br \/>\n\u00c9. Pro., CRA (2e place); and<br \/>\nSanjit Singh, \u00c9. Pro., A ACI<br \/>\n(3e place). Nous remercions<br \/>\ntous et toutes les membres <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019ICE qui ont profit\u00e9 de l\u2019occasion pour faire valoir le patrimoine<br \/>\net la beaut\u00e9 naturelle du Canada.<\/p>\n<p>2026<\/p>\n<p>Growth &#038;<br \/>\nopportunity<br \/>\nThat\u2019s your Altus Experience<\/p>\n<p>Join a team of appraisers, economists,<br \/>\nmarket researchers, advisors and planners. <\/p>\n<p>View opportunities at altusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 94 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KWrd6ldAeM\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fnf.ca\/\">FNF Canada<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;FNF Canada&#8221; &#8212; FNF Canada - A Symbol of Strength with a Passion to Serve\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fnf.ca\/embed#?secret=cHSqxN1ozZ#?secret=KWrd6ldAeM\" data-secret=\"KWrd6ldAeM\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/altusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Important Dates<br \/>\n\u2022\t November 1, 2025 \u2013 Financial Literacy Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t November 2, 2025 \u2013 Daylight Saving Time Ends<br \/>\n\u2022\t November 11, 2025 \u2013 Remembrance Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 14, 2025 \u2013 Hanukkah starts (Judaism)<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 21, 2025 \u2013 Winter solstice<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 24, 2025 \u2013 Christmas Eve<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 25, 2025 \u2013 Christmas Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 26, 2025 \u2013 Boxing Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t December 31, 2025 \u2013 Professional Liability  <\/p>\n<p>Insurance Deadline<br \/>\n\u2022\t January 1, 2026 \u2013 New Year\u2019s Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t January 27, 2026 \u2013 Holocaust Memorial Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t February 1, 2026 \u2013 Black History Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t February 14, 2026 \u2013 Valentine\u2019s Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t February 16, 2026 \u2013 Family Day (AB, BC, NB, ON, SK), <\/p>\n<p>Islander Day (PEI), Louis Riel Day (MB),<br \/>\nNova Scotia Heritage Day<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t February 17, 2026 \u2013 Chinese Lunar New Year<br \/>\n\u2022\t February 17, 2026 \u2013 Ramadan begins<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 1, 2026 \u2013 Fraud Prevention Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 3, 2026 \u2013 Purim (Judaism)<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 4, 2026 \u2013 Holi (Hinduism)<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 8, 2026 \u2013 International Women\u2019s Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 8, 2026 \u2013 Daylight savings begins<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 17, 2026 \u2013 St Patricks Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 20, 2026 \u2013 Spring Equinox<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 20, 2026 \u2013 International Francophonie Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t March 20, 2026 \u2013 Eid al-Fitr (Islam)<br \/>\n\u2022\t April 1, 2026 \u2013 Sikh Heritage Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t April 1, 2026 \u2013 Passover (Judaism)<br \/>\n\u2022\t April 5, 2026 \u2013 Easter<br \/>\n\u2022\t April 6, 2026 \u2013 Easter Monday<br \/>\n\u2022\t April 22, 2026 \u2013 Earth Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 1, 2026 \u2013 Asian Heritage Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 1, 2026 \u2013 Jewish Heritage Month<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 10, 2026 \u2013 Mothers Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 18, 2026 \u2013 Victoria Day<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 24, 2026 \u2013 National Access Ability Week begins<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 27, 2026 \u2013 Eid al-Adha (Islam)<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 27-30, 2026 \u2013 AIC National Conference in Toronto<br \/>\n\u2022\t May 29, 2026 \u2013 Annual Meeting of Members <\/p>\n<p>Dates importantes<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 novembre 2025 \u2013 Mois de la litt\u00e9ratie financi\u00e8re<br \/>\n\u2022\t 2 novembre 2025 \u2013 Heure normale d\u00e9bute<br \/>\n\u2022\t 11 novembre 2025 \u2013 Jour du Souvenir<br \/>\n\u2022\t 14 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 Hanukkah commence (Juda\u00efsme)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 Solstice d\u2019hiver<br \/>\n\u2022\t 24 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 Veille de No\u00ebl<br \/>\n\u2022\t 25 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 No\u00ebl<br \/>\n\u2022\t 26 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 L\u2019Apr\u00e8s No\u00ebl<br \/>\n\u2022\t 31 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u2013 Date limite pour l\u2019assurance  <\/p>\n<p>responsabilit\u00e9 professionnelle<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 janvier 2026 \u2013 Jour de l\u2019An<br \/>\n\u2022\t 27 janvier 2026 \u2013 Jour de l\u2019Holocauste<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 f\u00e9vrier 2026 \u2013 Mois de l\u2019histoire des Noirs<br \/>\n\u2022\t 14 f\u00e9vrier 2026 \u2013 Saint-Valentin<br \/>\n\u2022\t 16 f\u00e9vrier 2026 \u2013 Journ\u00e9e de la famille (AB, BC, NB, ON, SK),  <\/p>\n<p>Jour de L&rsquo;\u00cele en f\u00eate (PEI), Journ\u00e9e Louis Riel (MB),<br \/>\nJour du patrimoine de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026 \u2013 Nouvel an chinois (lunaire)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 17 f\u00e9vrier 2026 \u2013 Ramandan d\u00e9bute (Islam)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 mars 2026 \u2013 Mois de la pr\u00e9vention de la fraude<br \/>\n\u2022\t 3 mars 2026 \u2013 Pourim (Juda\u00efsme)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 4 mars 2026 \u2013 Holi (Hindouisme)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 8 mars 2026 \u2013 Journ\u00e9e internationale des femmes<br \/>\n\u2022\t 8 mars 2026 \u2013 Heure avanc\u00e9e d\u00e9bute<br \/>\n\u2022\t 17 mars 2026 \u2013 Saint-Patrick<br \/>\n\u2022\t 20 mars 2026 \u2013  \u00c9quinoxe de printemps<br \/>\n\u2022\t 20 mars 2026 \u2013 Journ\u00e9e internationale de la Francophonie<br \/>\n\u2022\t 20 mars 2026 \u2013 Eid al-Fitr (Islam)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 avril 2026 \u2013 Mois du patrimoine sikh<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 avril 2026 \u2013 Pessah (Juda\u00efsme)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 5 avril 2026 \u2013 P\u00e2ques<br \/>\n\u2022\t 6 avril 2026 \u2013 Lundi de P\u00e2ques<br \/>\n\u2022\t 22 avril 2026 \u2013 Journ\u00e9e de la Terre<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 mai 2026 \u2013 Mois du patrimoine asiatique<br \/>\n\u2022\t 1 mai 2026 \u2013 Mois du patrimoine juif<br \/>\n\u2022\t 10 mai 2026 \u2013 F\u00eate des M\u00e8res<br \/>\n\u2022\t 18 mai 2026 \u2013 Journ\u00e9e nationale des patriotes<br \/>\n\u2022\t 24 mai 2026 \u2013 Semaine nationale de l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 d\u00e9bute<br \/>\n\u2022\t 27 mai 2026 \u2013 Eid al-Adha (Islam)<br \/>\n\u2022\t 27-30 mai 2026 \u2013 Congr\u00e8s national de l\u2019ICE 2026 \u00e0 Toronto<br \/>\n\u2022\t 29 mai 2026 \u2013 Assembl\u00e9es annuelles des membres<\/p>\n<p>These AIC Members have passed away. On\u00a0behalf of everyone<br \/>\nconnected with the  AIC and the profession, we extend our<br \/>\nsincerest sympathies to their families, friends and associates. <\/p>\n<p>In Memoriam \/ En m\u00e9moire<\/p>\n<p>Bruce Simpson, P. App., AACI<br \/>\nEdmonton, AB<\/p>\n<p>Larry Brewer, P. App., AACI<br \/>\nBarrie, ON<\/p>\n<p>George Maurice, P. App., AACI<br \/>\nOshawa, ON<\/p>\n<p>Ces membres de l&rsquo;ICE sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Au\u00a0nom de tous ceux qui oeuvrent<br \/>\nde pr\u00e8s ou de loin au sein de l&rsquo;ICE et de la profession, nous exprimons<br \/>\nnos plus sinc\u00e8res condol\u00e9ances \u00e0 leurs familles, amis et associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 69 | Book 2 \/ Tome 2 | 2025 95Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC), together with the provincial associations and<br \/>\nthe provincial bodies affiliated with the AIC, commend the following Members who<br \/>\ncompleted the rigorous requirements for accreditation as a Designated Member of the<br \/>\nAIC during the period March 26, 2025 to October 7, 2025:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE), en collaboration avec les associations<br \/>\nprovinciales et les organismes provinciaux affili\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ICE, f\u00e9licitent les membres<br \/>\nsuivants qui ont compl\u00e9t\u00e9 le programme rigoureux d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation \u00e0 titre de<br \/>\nmembre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE durant la p\u00e9riode du 26\u00a0mars 2025 au 7 octobre 2025\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>AIC designations granted \/ D\u00e9signations obtenues de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>P. App. \/ \u00c9. Pro., AACI<br \/>\nAccredited Appraiser Canadian Institute<br \/>\n\u00c9valuateur accr\u00e9dit\u00e9 de l\u2019Institut canadien<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \/ Stagiaires<br \/>\nAIC welcomed the following new Candidate Members during the period March 26, 2025<br \/>\nto October 7, 2025:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE souhaite la bienvenue aux personnes suivantes qui ont joint les rangs des<br \/>\nmembres stagiaires durant la p\u00e9riode du26\u00a0mars 2025 au 7 octobre 2025\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>P. App. \/ \u00c9. Pro., CRA<br \/>\nCanadian Residential Appraiser \/ \u00c9valuateur r\u00e9sidentiel canadien<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nJonathan Adam<br \/>\nPaul Christensen<br \/>\nSamson Ejeta<br \/>\nSahar Gasman<br \/>\nDevin Gerstenbuhler<br \/>\nVincent Kenneth Gervais<br \/>\nDale Grandbois<br \/>\nByron Halbersma<br \/>\nVincent H. K. Kim<br \/>\nSumeet Mundi<br \/>\nGavin Joshua Valeny<br \/>\nJessi Visscher Zimmer<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia\/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nThomas Harrison Abrahams<br \/>\nAndrew Colin David Baldwin<br \/>\nGavin Crandall<br \/>\nKulbir Singh Dhaliwal<br \/>\nBradley Elliott<br \/>\nTimothy Holzhauer<br \/>\nJim Huang<br \/>\nRachel Lambert<br \/>\nTrevor James Leong<br \/>\nShi Bo Liu<br \/>\nIshaan Mohan<br \/>\nSimone B. Simpson<br \/>\nBronwen Smith<br \/>\nCallista Stavnitzky<br \/>\nAshish Verma<br \/>\nAlice Chih-Yun Wang<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nBenjamin Kaczmarek<br \/>\nSteven Aaro Kanerva<br \/>\nAndrea McKen<br \/>\nMark J. Slobodan<br \/>\nLixing Wu<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia\/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nHyun Woo (Rick) Cho<br \/>\nLisa Clarke<br \/>\nJan Lynn Egge<br \/>\nShannon L. Howlett<br \/>\nThomas James Ker<br \/>\nSean Moon Suk Kim<br \/>\nChristopher Norman Lynch<br \/>\nJeremy Claudius Amelius<br \/>\nMcCrea<br \/>\nBaoting Nie<br \/>\nReece Pollock<br \/>\nArash Pouran<br \/>\nAustin Sager<br \/>\nHolly Saxton<br \/>\nAdrian Tiberiu Stanese<br \/>\nSam (Shunxing) Su<br \/>\nAnderson Wai Fung Wong<br \/>\nLiang (Lisa) Zou<br \/>\nDarren Zovko<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nGurjinder Aulakh<br \/>\nBrendan Derksen<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nRajasekar Balakrishnan<br \/>\nLukasz Chelminiak<br \/>\nHui Wen Chen<br \/>\nEthan D. Doak<br \/>\nJung Woo Kim<br \/>\nTing Fung Lee<br \/>\nChelsea MacMillan<br \/>\nMonika Miljanovic<br \/>\nPeter Omorogbe<br \/>\nHermina Paull<br \/>\nMax Salpeter<br \/>\nReinaldo Viccini Gutierrez<br \/>\nWenjing Wang<br \/>\nJames Douglas Welstead<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia\/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nMaryum Yasmeen Ahmed<br \/>\nBrennan Markus Bates<br \/>\nMaximus Berkeley<br \/>\nKevin Lee Bian<br \/>\nBrandon Nicholas Paul Borgo<br \/>\nAndrew Cann<br \/>\nLevina Yen Chew<br \/>\nJonghyun Choi<br \/>\nEmily Crooks<br \/>\nAmanda H. Davison<br \/>\nKate Alexandra Dee<br \/>\nBrent Stefan Grohme<br \/>\nDivyam Gupta<br \/>\nCal James Haddow<br \/>\nTobias Hanzl<br \/>\nRachel ReAnne Hicks<br \/>\nBrady Hiemstra<br \/>\nFrancois Joubert<br \/>\nRaheleh Karimzadeh Araghi<br \/>\nPatricia A. Kempster<br \/>\nWesley Anthony Koroluk<br \/>\nNiccolo Laguerta<br \/>\nKa Shing Lukas Lam<br \/>\nSunny Siu Fung Leung<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nOlubunmi Afolabi<br \/>\nTolulope Atoyebi<br \/>\nJazer Buan<br \/>\nCindy Chiasson<br \/>\nTushar Vitthal Dhokale<br \/>\nMichael Iatridis<br \/>\nEthan Mackie<br \/>\nJane Mercier<br \/>\nDiana Nabeta<br \/>\nPadraic O\u2019Neill<br \/>\nKirk Pasatiempo<br \/>\nTaeho Ro<br \/>\nCory Sanders<br \/>\nJon Sookocheff<br \/>\nWaylan W. Watson<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia\/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nMeghan L. Adams<br \/>\nSandeep Singh Bawa<br \/>\nMichelle Xiaojuan Chen<br \/>\nStephanie Chiu<br \/>\nMurray Elliott<br \/>\nOwens Emma-Okah<br \/>\nNatalie (Natty) CJ Fox<br \/>\nCharles Benjamin Glassman<br \/>\nAndrew Gowman<br \/>\nJiajian Ken Liu<br \/>\nTyler Sean Lowey<br \/>\nMarjan Mahmoudi<br \/>\nChristos Panagiotis Mavroidis<br \/>\nJiwon Michelle Park<br \/>\nMelina Rousselle<br \/>\nHyun Woo David Si<br \/>\nMisagh Atef Zafarmand<br \/>\nQihang Zhang<\/p>\n<p>Students \/ \u00c9tudiants<br \/>\nThis category of membership serves as the first step on the path to designation for those<br \/>\ncompleting their requirements for Candidate membership. Students considering the<br \/>\nappraisal profession as a career option are also welcomed to this category of membership.<\/p>\n<p>Cette cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019adh\u00e9sion constitue la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape sur la voie de la d\u00e9signation pour<br \/>\nceux qui s\u2019affairent \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les exigences de la cat\u00e9gorie de membres stagiaire.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9tudiants qui contemplent une carri\u00e8re comme \u00e9valuateur professionnel sont accueillis<br \/>\ndans cette cat\u00e9gorie de membres.<\/p>\n<p>Lovepreet Litt<br \/>\nIshgun Matta<br \/>\nCohen McCormack<br \/>\nMehrdad Mirhosseini<br \/>\nBryan A. Murao<br \/>\nParham Nazemzomorodi<br \/>\nAiden Ross Poehnell<br \/>\nJason Richard Schwagele<br \/>\nMatthew Sherlaw<br \/>\nRon So<br \/>\nDylan Wells<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nDanielle Demetrioff<br \/>\nJu Suk Han<br \/>\nEric N. Janzen Roth<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia\/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nAndrew James Patrick Anthony<br \/>\nPeter F. Laureijs<br \/>\nAnn Nancy Lindanger<br \/>\nDonald Colton MacAdam<br \/>\nMarcela Pereira De Fran\u00e7a Paiva<br \/>\nSamuel Joseph Curtis Thompson<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nDavid Adeyemi<br \/>\nSoonyoung Chae<br \/>\nLucas Chow<br \/>\nGabriel Daoud<br \/>\nMehran Dehghan-Banadaki<br \/>\nXinxin Deng<br \/>\nStefano Di Blasio<br \/>\nSaman Esmaeili<br \/>\nSalman Feroz<br \/>\nPaul Fulham<br \/>\nGurjodh Singh Ghag<br \/>\nPatrick Justin Godin<br \/>\nParthrajsinh Gohil<br \/>\nJustin Greaves<br \/>\nLeena Grotra<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nMichael B. Adams<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick\/<br \/>\nNouveau-Brunswick<br \/>\nMiguel Girouard Babineau<br \/>\nCory A. Keith<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia\/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nKristopher B. Campbell<br \/>\nJonathon Blake Gallagher<br \/>\nMitchell R. Griffiths<br \/>\nAndrew James Russell<br \/>\nFan Yang<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nAndrew Akpoguma<br \/>\nMahir Ahmed Chaudhry<br \/>\nMaureen Chon Rumantir<br \/>\nChristopher Chung<br \/>\nJody Catheline Collins<br \/>\nKevin Donald Davis<br \/>\nYuefang Deng<br \/>\nSamanth Reddy<br \/>\nGaggenapally<br \/>\nAnish Gupta<br \/>\nTyler Hampel<br \/>\nMason L. Hewitt<br \/>\nAlexis Johansen<br \/>\nLinda Joseph<br \/>\nAdam Kapteyn<br \/>\nJesse Leshtsinski<br \/>\nJennie Lim<br \/>\nEmma Lo<br \/>\nZarmand Malik<br \/>\nAbtin Meschian<\/p>\n<p>Jake Mondrow<br \/>\nCole James Murray<br \/>\nKamran Omar<br \/>\nJoseph Onuoha<br \/>\nShefali Patel<br \/>\nMohini Persaud<br \/>\nTheresa Pigeon<br \/>\nEnsieh Rahmani<br \/>\nRony Ramiah<br \/>\nBaba Sal Satar<br \/>\nBhumika Shah<br \/>\nJoravar Singh<br \/>\nGursimrat Sond<br \/>\nJan Sooriyakumar<br \/>\nAfshin Soroudi<br \/>\nMurugaseelan Thambiappah<br \/>\nYatin Vij<br \/>\nPriscilla Anne Marie Vogl<br \/>\nLijunteng Wang<br \/>\nZhi Zhou<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward Island\/<br \/>\n\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard<br \/>\nKimberly H. Reid<br \/>\nMicah Thomas<\/p>\n<p>Quebec\/Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nJoseph Gerace<br \/>\nAria Khaksar<br \/>\nNoeline McCarthy<br \/>\nRobitsher Simon<\/p>\n<p>Yukon<br \/>\nMarc-Andre Chartrand<\/p>\n<p>DESIGNATIONS CANDIDATES STUDENTS \/ D\u00c9SIGNATIONS STAGIAIRES \u00c9TUDIANTS<\/p>\n<p>Ju Hee Han<br \/>\nThomas Handrigan<br \/>\nRiaz Hasan<br \/>\nDwayne Kerr<br \/>\nArsalan Khaki<br \/>\nKayden Kujansuu<br \/>\nOn Ki (Angel) Lai<br \/>\nPierre Lego<br \/>\nReese Lester<br \/>\nHo Long Liu<br \/>\nCody Alphonse MacEachern<br \/>\nDante Macri<br \/>\nBettina Mannhardt<br \/>\nWendy Mckee<br \/>\nDavid Ongeri<br \/>\nTanmaya Patel<br \/>\nLaurin Paterson<br \/>\nAlexander Pavlyk<br \/>\nKyle Petterson<br \/>\nZaid Rahman<br \/>\nDanyal Rennie<br \/>\nVanessa Robinson<br \/>\nAnas Muhammad Saleh<br \/>\nReuven Shem-Tov<br \/>\nAdrian Solivan<br \/>\nPanagiota Stroutzas<br \/>\nNilan Thurairajasingam<br \/>\nDylan Kristian Tomljanovich<br \/>\nTugba Turedi<br \/>\nMai Anh Vu<br \/>\nCharles Samuel Walls<br \/>\nCliff Wang<br \/>\nYuzhou Xie<br \/>\nKlim Yastrebov<br \/>\nXiangrong Zhou<\/p>\n<p>Quebec\/Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nNo\u00e9mie Drolet<br \/>\nTom West<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nDarrin Sych<\/p>\n<p>Newfoundland<br \/>\nand Labrador\/<br \/>\nTerre-Neuve-et-Labrador<br \/>\nCarol Kean<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia\/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nDarcy MacDonald<br \/>\nMichael Joseph Tubrett<br \/>\nJonathan Wetmore<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nRonak Amirnia<br \/>\nSahana Ballal<br \/>\nAlison Bond<br \/>\nAlexandra Bremner<br \/>\nDaljeet Singh Chahal<br \/>\nTyler Chan<br \/>\nDheeraj Chawla<br \/>\nSheena Christie<br \/>\nShawna Cleary<br \/>\nSherry Davidson<br \/>\nAdam B. French<br \/>\nAlireza Ghaffary-Hagh<br \/>\nJessica Hooper<br \/>\nZishan Huang<br \/>\nBilal Hussain<br \/>\nArun Khanna<br \/>\nLillian Koby<br \/>\nSusan Korol<br \/>\nJoseph Macaluso<br \/>\nNipan Neil Macwan<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nCarson John Horsburgh<br \/>\nAlexander Ruta<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick\/<br \/>\nNouveau-Brunswick<br \/>\nChristopher Connors<br \/>\nAdam Robert Thorne<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia\/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nMegan Atwell<br \/>\nGeoff Coderre<br \/>\nJordan Flemming<br \/>\nPatrick Kenneth Mitchell<br \/>\nChenxin Zhao<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nBaraq Balanovsky<br \/>\nMichael Campanella<br \/>\nAayush Chouhan<br \/>\nMeagan DeGernier<br \/>\nRyan Donovan<br \/>\nLori L. Elliott<br \/>\nRobert Rankin Gardiner<br \/>\nKen Glasier<br \/>\nRob Harrison<br \/>\nRichard (Quang) Ho<br \/>\nAaron Hornick<br \/>\nFung Hui<br \/>\nFaissal Hussain<br \/>\nLindsay Jarvis<br \/>\nConrad Kim <\/p>\n<p>Austin Drew Lennard<br \/>\nXiang Lin<br \/>\nTaylor Little<br \/>\nAudrey Litwiller<br \/>\nAndrea Low<br \/>\nCarson Lui<br \/>\nReid Masters<br \/>\nColeman McDonald<br \/>\nChun Fung Tony Ng<br \/>\nNiven Pannu<br \/>\nHao Ren<br \/>\nJames Rowan<br \/>\nAdeyemi Salami<br \/>\nAdam Schoones<br \/>\nMahek Shah<br \/>\nJungho Shon<br \/>\nMoninder Singh-Virk<br \/>\nJashen So<br \/>\nEktor Stroutzas<br \/>\nMercedes Weber<br \/>\nJing (Jamie) Zhang<br \/>\nLucas Zomparelli<\/p>\n<p>Quebec\/Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nSteve Cesar<br \/>\nAnthony Di Lorenzo<br \/>\nZeth Oakes-Bryden<br \/>\nMathieu Pariseault<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nAdebolanle Adelakun<br \/>\nJeffrey Bueckert<br \/>\nBrad Hollman<\/p>\n<p>Ihor Mazur<br \/>\nJarrett Mohns<br \/>\nSvetlana Patel<br \/>\nBridget Postuma<br \/>\nJacalyn Ridley<br \/>\nChristopher Rober<br \/>\nTarang Shah<br \/>\nBrenda Sheppard<br \/>\nRory J. Siu<br \/>\nBrooke Skinner<br \/>\nRobert Theodosiou<br \/>\nLyndon Thorne<br \/>\nLisa E. Vincent<br \/>\nBrett R. Walker<br \/>\nJessica Williamson<br \/>\nYuanyuan Zhang<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward Island\/<br \/>\n\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard<br \/>\nHannah M. Steele<\/p>\n<p>Quebec\/Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nYves Gaudette<\/p>\n<p>Yukon<br \/>\nNicole McAllister<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada 96 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s successful real estate professional is committed to<br \/>\nlifelong learning. UBC\u2019s\u00a0Continuing Professional Development Courses<br \/>\nmeet your needs.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Convenient online course format<br \/>\n\u2022 Broad range of valuation and real estate business topics<br \/>\n\u2022 Guaranteed Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Continuing  <\/p>\n<p>Professional Development credits<\/p>\n<p>Featured courses:<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Real Estate for Everyone: Working Towards a Positive and  <\/p>\n<p>Thoughtful Profession with an ESG Perspective (CPD 164)<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Project Management and Real Estate (CPD 161)<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Insurance Valuation (CPD 163)<br \/>\n\uf0f0 More than Just Form-Filling: Creating Professional  <\/p>\n<p>Residential Appraisal Reports (CPD 132)<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, visit:<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\ntel:  604.822.2227 \/ 1.877.775.7733<br \/>\ncpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Creative<br \/>\nAdaptable<br \/>\nAnalytical <\/p>\n<p>Canadian_App_Valuation-2025.indd   1Canadian_App_Valuation-2025.indd   1 3\/20\/2025   2:02:42 PM3\/20\/2025   2:02:42 PM<\/p>\n<p>mailto:cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/realestate.ubc.ca\/cpd<\/p>\n<p>EARN CPD CREDITS AND<br \/>\nADVANCE OUR APPRAISAL PROFESSION<\/p>\n<p>Do you want to contribute<br \/>\nto the next issue of<br \/>\nCanadian Property Valuation?<\/p>\n<p>OBTENEZ DES CR\u00c9DITS PPC ET<br \/>\nMODERNISONS NOTRE PROFESSION D\u2019\u00c9VALUATEUR<\/p>\n<p>Voulez-vous contribuer au<br \/>\nprochain num\u00e9ro d\u2019\u00c9valuation<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re au Canada?<\/p>\n<p>Si vous aimeriez faire publier un article dans un prochain<br \/>\nnum\u00e9ro de la revue \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada<br \/>\net contribuer de fa\u00e7on significative \u00e0 l\u2019avancement de la<br \/>\nprofession, veuillez contacter :<\/p>\n<p>BRANDYN HAYES<br \/>\nGestionnaire, Affaires publiques<br \/>\nInstitut canadiens des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nbrandynh@aicanada.ca \u2022 1-613-234-6533 x230<br \/>\n*Remarque : Nous fournirons les d\u00e9tails suppl\u00e9mentaires et toute l\u2019aide<br \/>\ndont vous pourriez avoir besoin pour assurer un processus de contribution<br \/>\nharmonieux et efficace.<\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019articles qui traitent de sujets<br \/>\npertinents, opportuns et informatifs, r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nd\u00e9sireux de partager leurs connaissances et leur\u00a0expertise ou<br \/>\npartager leurs exp\u00e9riences uniques en contribuant un article dans<br \/>\nla revue \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada. C\u2019est une fa\u00e7on id\u00e9ale :<\/p>\n<p>\t d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les connaissances de vos coll\u00e8gues<\/p>\n<p>\t de moderniser la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur dans son ensemble<\/p>\n<p>\t de profiter d\u2019une exposition et d\u2019\u00eatre reconnu par vos pairs<\/p>\n<p>\t d&rsquo;obtenir des cr\u00e9dits de PPC<\/p>\n<p>We are looking for topical, timely and informative<br \/>\narticles provided by appraisers who are willing<br \/>\nto share their knowledge and expertise or unique<br \/>\nexperiences by contributing an article to Canadian<br \/>\nProperty Valuation. It is an ideal way to:<\/p>\n<p>\t enhance the knowledge of your colleagues <\/p>\n<p>\t advance the appraisal profession as a whole<\/p>\n<p>\t gain exposure and recognition with your peers<\/p>\n<p>\t earn CPD credits<\/p>\n<p>If you are interested in being published in a future<br \/>\nissue of Canadian Property Valuation and contributing<br \/>\nsignificantly to the advancement of the profession,<br \/>\nplease contact:  <\/p>\n<p>BRANDYN HAYES<br \/>\nManager, Public Affairs<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\nbrandynh@aicanada.ca \u2022 1-613-234-6533 x230<br \/>\n*Note: We will provide additional details and any assistance you require<br \/>\nto ensure a smooth and efficient contribution process.<\/p>\n<p>mailto:brandynh@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:brandynh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019articles qui traitent de sujets<br \/>\npertinents, opportuns et informatifs, r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nd\u00e9sireux de partager leurs connaissances et leur\u00a0expertise ou<br \/>\npartager leurs exp\u00e9riences uniques en contribuant un article dans<br \/>\nla revue \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada. C\u2019est une fa\u00e7on id\u00e9ale :<\/p>\n<p>\t d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les connaissances de vos coll\u00e8gues<\/p>\n<p>\t de moderniser la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur dans son ensemble<\/p>\n<p>\t de profiter d\u2019une exposition et d\u2019\u00eatre reconnu par vos pairs<\/p>\n<p>\t d&rsquo;obtenir des cr\u00e9dits de PPC<br \/>\nProud professional liability<br \/>\ninsurance partner of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<\/p>\n<p>File name: 2024_Trisura_Canadian Property Valuation_8.25&#215;10.75 Client: TRISURA<\/p>\n<p>Size: Custom Created: February 15, 2022<\/p>\n<p>Trim: 8.25\u201d W x10.75\u201d H with .125\u201d bleed Modified: April 11, 2024 9:50 am<\/p>\n<p>Colour Mode: CMYK Resolution: at least 300 DPI<\/p>\n<p>trisura.com<\/p>\n<p>2024_Trisura_Canadian Property Valuation_8.25&#215;10.75.indd   12024_Trisura_Canadian Property Valuation_8.25&#215;10.75.indd   1 2024-04-11   9:51\u202fAM2024-04-11   9:51\u202fAM<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"FmRbLrPXgV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/\">Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0&#8221; &#8212; Trisura\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/embed\/#?secret=lI3nVHFIkj#?secret=FmRbLrPXgV\" data-secret=\"FmRbLrPXgV\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Forge<br \/>\nyour own<br \/>\npath to<br \/>\nsuccess<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation &#038;<br \/>\nAdvisory Services Team<br \/>\nAt CBRE, you are empowered to take your career <\/p>\n<p>where you want it to go. Enjoy workplace flexibility <\/p>\n<p>with tremendous scale\u2014in an inclusive, collaborative <\/p>\n<p>environment with supportive teammates. Work on <\/p>\n<p>an industry-leading national team that provides <\/p>\n<p>unmatched client service by leveraging best in class <\/p>\n<p>research, superior technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Adam Hannah, P. App, AACI, MBA<br \/>\nHead of Valuation &#038; Advisory Services (Canada) <\/p>\n<p>adam.hannah@cbre.com | +1 416 815 2393 <\/p>\n<p>cbre.ca<\/p>\n<p>mailto:adam.hannah@cbre.com<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/cbre.ca<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":154726,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":""},"class_list":["post-154727","issue","type-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/154727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/154726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=154727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}