{"id":30012,"date":"2014-03-25T00:49:35","date_gmt":"2014-03-25T04:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2012-volume-56-book-2\/"},"modified":"2014-03-25T00:50:35","modified_gmt":"2014-03-24T20:50:35","slug":"2012-volume-56-tome-2","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2012-volume-56-tome-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2012 &#8211; Volume 56 &#8211; Tome 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>VOLUME  56  |  BOOK 2  |  2012THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE APPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA<\/p>\n<p>REAL VALUE EXPERTS  |  EXPERTS EN \u00c9VALUATION<\/p>\n<p>PM<br \/>\n #<\/p>\n<p>40<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p>82<br \/>\n49<\/p>\n<p>  R<br \/>\net<\/p>\n<p>ur<br \/>\nn <\/p>\n<p>un<br \/>\nde<\/p>\n<p>liv<br \/>\ner<\/p>\n<p>ab<br \/>\nle<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nAd<\/p>\n<p>dr<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p>se<br \/>\ns <\/p>\n<p>to<br \/>\n:  <\/p>\n<p>Ap<br \/>\npr<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nsa<\/p>\n<p>l I<br \/>\nns<\/p>\n<p>tit<br \/>\nut<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nof<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> 4<br \/>\n03<\/p>\n<p>-2<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nat<\/p>\n<p>he<br \/>\nrin<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nSt<\/p>\n<p>.,<br \/>\nO<\/p>\n<p>tt<br \/>\naw<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n O<\/p>\n<p>N<br \/>\n K<\/p>\n<p>2P<br \/>\n 2<\/p>\n<p>K9<br \/>\n. E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\nin<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>EASEMENTS<br \/>\nand agricultural land values<\/p>\n<p> Highest and best use analysis<br \/>\n Underwriter risk requirements  <\/p>\n<p>    versus good appraisal practice<br \/>\n Ground leases: <\/p>\n<p>    rent reset valuation issues<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>ACI is a division of Verisk Analytics (NASDAQ: VRSK), a leading provider of risk assessment solutions to professionals in insurance, health care, mortgage<br \/>\nlending, government, risk management, and human resources. Verisk Analytics includes the holdings of Insurance Services Offi ce, Inc. (ISO) and its<br \/>\nsubsidiaries, which provide essential solutions to the insurance, mortgage lending, and healthcare markets. For more information, visit www.verisk.com.<\/p>\n<p>Raising the Bar in Appraisal Technology<\/p>\n<p>Innovative Technology &#8211; 30 Years and Counting &#8211; ACI has been a pioneer, providing<br \/>\ninnovative tools that save appraisers time and money. Look to ACI to provide the foremost<br \/>\nsolution in the industry.  Visit AppraisersChoice.com for the latest news and information. <\/p>\n<p>Benefi cial Partnerships &#8211; ACI features solid integration with sketch tools, location maps,<br \/>\nfl ood data, and tools that streamline the appraisal report writing process.  It is through these<br \/>\npartnerships that ACI appraisers have many options and why ACI is \u201dThe Appraiser\u2019s Choice.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Premier Service &#8211; Toll-free technical support, LIVE chat operators, and over 140 online<br \/>\nvideos on AppraisersChoice.com provides ACI appraisers with multiple support channels. <\/p>\n<p>Best Value &#8211; Hands-down, ACI offers the most comprehensive real estate appraisal software<br \/>\npackage available in the industry.  We invite you to experience ACI\u2019s industry-leading appraisal<br \/>\ntechnology and service.<\/p>\n<p>Save time and effort <\/p>\n<p>with CRAL\u2019s  Market <\/p>\n<p>Conditions eService. <\/p>\n<p>This service works <\/p>\n<p>with most MLS <\/p>\n<p>providers.<\/p>\n<p>Comps Import Transfer<br \/>\nMLS Data Directly<\/p>\n<p>Worldwide ERC\u00ae Summary<br \/>\nAppraisal Report<\/p>\n<p>The Worldwide <\/p>\n<p>ERC\u00ae Summary <\/p>\n<p>Appraisal Report <\/p>\n<p>is now available in <\/p>\n<p>CRAL2010\u2122.<\/p>\n<p>Easily defi ne <\/p>\n<p>shaded portions <\/p>\n<p>that represent your <\/p>\n<p>subjects\u2019 Market <\/p>\n<p>Area or Boundary.<\/p>\n<p>Neighborhood Boundaries<br \/>\nin MapPoint<\/p>\n<p>MapPoint Neighborhood Boundaries<br \/>\nVisually defi ne your subject property\u2019s<br \/>\nmarket area and save for future use.<\/p>\n<p>New Forms! Worldwide ERC\u00ae<br \/>\nSummary Appraisal Report<br \/>\nNow available for relocation experts.<\/p>\n<p>MLS Import eService<br \/>\nImport MLS data directly into  your reports<br \/>\nwith CRAL\u2019s Market Conditions eService<\/p>\n<p> \u25aa Appraisal Forms Library<br \/>\n \u25aa Order Tracking<br \/>\n \u25aa Photo Management<br \/>\n \u25aa Comps Database<br \/>\n \u25aa ACI Sketch\u2122  <\/p>\n<p> \u25aa Digital Signature (1)<br \/>\n \u25aa ChoiceCredits\u2122 (250)<br \/>\n \u25aa Free PDF Creator<br \/>\n \u25aa Premier Plus Service (1 year)<br \/>\n \u25aa Concierge Service<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.verisk.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.appraiserschoice.com<\/p>\n<p>ACI is a division of Verisk Analytics (NASDAQ: VRSK), a leading provider of risk assessment solutions to professionals in insurance, health care, mortgage<br \/>\nlending, government, risk management, and human resources. Verisk Analytics includes the holdings of Insurance Services Offi ce, Inc. (ISO) and its<br \/>\nsubsidiaries, which provide essential solutions to the insurance, mortgage lending, and healthcare markets. For more information, visit www.verisk.com.<\/p>\n<p>Raising the Bar in Appraisal Technology<\/p>\n<p>Innovative Technology &#8211; 30 Years and Counting &#8211; ACI has been a pioneer, providing<br \/>\ninnovative tools that save appraisers time and money. Look to ACI to provide the foremost<br \/>\nsolution in the industry.  Visit AppraisersChoice.com for the latest news and information. <\/p>\n<p>Benefi cial Partnerships &#8211; ACI features solid integration with sketch tools, location maps,<br \/>\nfl ood data, and tools that streamline the appraisal report writing process.  It is through these<br \/>\npartnerships that ACI appraisers have many options and why ACI is \u201dThe Appraiser\u2019s Choice.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Premier Service &#8211; Toll-free technical support, LIVE chat operators, and over 140 online<br \/>\nvideos on AppraisersChoice.com provides ACI appraisers with multiple support channels. <\/p>\n<p>Best Value &#8211; Hands-down, ACI offers the most comprehensive real estate appraisal software<br \/>\npackage available in the industry.  We invite you to experience ACI\u2019s industry-leading appraisal<br \/>\ntechnology and service.<\/p>\n<p>Save time and effort <\/p>\n<p>with CRAL\u2019s  Market <\/p>\n<p>Conditions eService. <\/p>\n<p>This service works <\/p>\n<p>with most MLS <\/p>\n<p>providers.<\/p>\n<p>Comps Import Transfer<br \/>\nMLS Data Directly<\/p>\n<p>Worldwide ERC\u00ae Summary<br \/>\nAppraisal Report<\/p>\n<p>The Worldwide <\/p>\n<p>ERC\u00ae Summary <\/p>\n<p>Appraisal Report <\/p>\n<p>is now available in <\/p>\n<p>CRAL2010\u2122.<\/p>\n<p>Easily defi ne <\/p>\n<p>shaded portions <\/p>\n<p>that represent your <\/p>\n<p>subjects\u2019 Market <\/p>\n<p>Area or Boundary.<\/p>\n<p>Neighborhood Boundaries<br \/>\nin MapPoint<\/p>\n<p>MapPoint Neighborhood Boundaries<br \/>\nVisually defi ne your subject property\u2019s<br \/>\nmarket area and save for future use.<\/p>\n<p>New Forms! Worldwide ERC\u00ae<br \/>\nSummary Appraisal Report<br \/>\nNow available for relocation experts.<\/p>\n<p>MLS Import eService<br \/>\nImport MLS data directly into  your reports<br \/>\nwith CRAL\u2019s Market Conditions eService<\/p>\n<p> \u25aa Appraisal Forms Library<br \/>\n \u25aa Order Tracking<br \/>\n \u25aa Photo Management<br \/>\n \u25aa Comps Database<br \/>\n \u25aa ACI Sketch\u2122  <\/p>\n<p> \u25aa Digital Signature (1)<br \/>\n \u25aa ChoiceCredits\u2122 (250)<br \/>\n \u25aa Free PDF Creator<br \/>\n \u25aa Premier Plus Service (1 year)<br \/>\n \u25aa Concierge Service<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.appraiserschoice.com<\/p>\n<p>America\u2019s Most Hassle-Free Appraisal Software<br \/>\nIs Now Canada\u2019s Most Hassle-Free Appraisal Software<\/p>\n<p>www.BradfordSoftware.com<br \/>\nVisit our website for Introductory Pricing Specials<\/p>\n<p>800-622-8727<\/p>\n<p>Selected by Centract Settlement Services as<br \/>\nthe only approved appraisal software for report<br \/>\ndelivery, ClickFORMS is now being made<br \/>\navailable to all appraisers in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>ClickFORMS is the software most recognized for being<br \/>\nhassle-free. With intuitive \u201cDrag and Drop\u201d simplicity<br \/>\nyou don\u2019t need special training. In fact you\u2019ll probably<br \/>\ncreate your first report without even reading the<br \/>\nmanual. And it does all the little things you would<br \/>\nexpect from quality software. Like providing all your<br \/>\nforms in English and French with a spell checker that<br \/>\nalso works in English and French. The sketcher is<br \/>\nbuilt-in, but it\u2019ll also work with the one you currently<br \/>\nuse. ClickFORMS is software that works the way you<br \/>\nwould expect software to work &#8211; hassle free!<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re looking for a better way, an easier way to<br \/>\nproduce appraisal reports and want to save some<br \/>\nmoney, switch to ClickFORMS today. Centract<br \/>\nSettlement Services did.<\/p>\n<p>Simplicity at its Best<br \/>\nProductivity at its Highest<\/p>\n<p>only $349<br \/>\nClickFROMS is a trademark of Bradford Technologies, Inc.; Other brand and product names are trademrks of their respective owners.<\/p>\n<p>or<br \/>\n$30\/mo<\/p>\n<p>Canadian_Winter_2011:Canadian Property Valuation Magazine  1\/27\/2011  1:38 PM  Page 1<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.BradfordSoftware.com<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>6 AIC Annual Conference \u2013<br \/>\nSHAPE OF THINGS TO COME<\/p>\n<p>8  Executive Corner \u2013<br \/>\nTransformation is happening\/Do<br \/>\nthey know what we do?<\/p>\n<p>       \u2022 Notre transformation pour le<br \/>\nmieux se poursuit\/Saven-ils ce<br \/>\nque nous faisons?<\/p>\n<p>12 Bob Thompson \u2013<br \/>\nSpecialization and diversification<br \/>\nwork hand-in-hand<\/p>\n<p>16 Highest and best use analysis<\/p>\n<p>18 Underwriter risk requirements<br \/>\nversus good appraisal practice<\/p>\n<p>21  Easements<br \/>\nand<br \/>\nagricultural<br \/>\nland values<br \/>\nrevisited<\/p>\n<p>26 Ground leases:<br \/>\nrent reset valuation issues<\/p>\n<p>30 Candidates \u2013 GET OUT THERE!<\/p>\n<p>31 The challenge of<br \/>\nconsulting assignments<\/p>\n<p>32 Canadian real estate<br \/>\ncases of interest<\/p>\n<p>33 Responding to member questions<\/p>\n<p>34 Terms of Reference for an appraisal<\/p>\n<p>36 Seven reasons to say<br \/>\n\u201cNO\u201d to new business<\/p>\n<p>38 Technology: Using simple<br \/>\nregression analysis \u2013 a strong<br \/>\ncase for taking that stats course<\/p>\n<p>40 The path less travelled:<br \/>\nnon-traditional valuation careers<\/p>\n<p>42  Spotlight on Continuing<br \/>\nProfessional Development<\/p>\n<p>44 Designations\/Candidates\/Students<\/p>\n<p>45 NEWS \u2013 Critical Dates\/In Memoriam<\/p>\n<p>46 Calendar of Events<\/p>\n<p>403-200 Catherine Street,<br \/>\nOttawa, ON  K2P 2K9 <\/p>\n<p>Phone: (613) 234-6533 Fax: (613) 234-7197<br \/>\nWeb site: www.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Contact us at: info@aicanada.ca <\/p>\n<p>Board of Directors<br \/>\nConseil d\u2019administration<\/p>\n<p>President \u2013 Pr\u00e9sidente<br \/>\nMichael Mendela, AACI (ON)<\/p>\n<p>President Elect \u2013 Pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9sign\u00e9<br \/>\nDavid Shum, AACI (AB)<\/p>\n<p>Immediate Past-president \u2013<br \/>\nPr\u00e9sident sortant immediate<\/p>\n<p>Grant Uba, AACI (ON) <\/p>\n<p>Vice-Presidents \u2013 Vice-pr\u00e9sidents<br \/>\nDan Wilson, AACI (BC)<br \/>\nScott Wilson, AACI (PE)<\/p>\n<p>Directors \u2013 Directeurs<br \/>\nJohn Peebles, AACI (BC)<br \/>\nDan Brewer, AACI (ON) <\/p>\n<p>Anne Helliker, AACI (ON)<br \/>\nDaniel Doucet, AACI (NB)<br \/>\nLouis Poirier, AACI (QC)<\/p>\n<p>Greg Bennett, AACI (NL)<br \/>\n Surinder Pal, AACI (MB)<\/p>\n<p>Richard Colbourne, AACI (NS)<br \/>\nThomas Fox, AACI (SK)<br \/>\nJohn Farner, AACI (AB)<\/p>\n<p>Chief Executive Officer<br \/>\nKeith Lancastle, MBA, CAE, Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>Communications Officer<br \/>\nMary-Jane Erickson, Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>Managing Editor \u2013<br \/>\nR\u00e9dacteur administratif<\/p>\n<p>Craig Kelman, Winnipeg<\/p>\n<p>Assistant Editor \u2013<br \/>\nR\u00e9dacteur en chef adjoint<\/p>\n<p>Cheryl Parisien, Winnipeg<\/p>\n<p>Editorial Board<br \/>\nAIC would like to thank the following  <\/p>\n<p>individuals for their assistance and support:<br \/>\nJohn Peebles, AACI \u2013 Chair<\/p>\n<p>Anne Helliker, AACI<br \/>\nRyan Tung, AACI<br \/>\nRob Grycko, CRA<\/p>\n<p>Jane Londerville, B.Sc., M.B.A.,AACI (Hon)<br \/>\nAssociate Professor, University of Guelph<\/p>\n<p>Published by the<br \/>\nVolume 56, Book 2, 2012<\/p>\n<p>Contents<\/p>\n<p>Publication Mails Agreement #40008249.<br \/>\nReturn undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Appraisal Institute of Canada,<br \/>\n403-200 Catherine St., Ottawa, ON  K2P 2K9. Email: info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>The articles printed in this issue represent authors\u2019 opinions only and are not neces-<br \/>\nsarily endorsed by the APPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA. Copyright 2012 by the<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or<br \/>\nin part without written permission is strictly prohibited. Subscription, $40.00 per<br \/>\nyear. Printed in Canada. Les articles imprim\u00e9s dans ce num\u00e9ro ne rep\u00e9sentent que<br \/>\nl\u2019opinion de leur auteur respectif, mais ne sont pas n\u00e9ces\u2013sairement endoss\u00e9s par<br \/>\nL\u2019INSTITUT CANADIEN DES \u00c9vALUATEURS. Tous droits reserv\u00e9s 2012 par L\u2019INSTITUT<br \/>\nCANADIEN DES \u00c9vALUATEURS. La reproduction totale ou partielle sous quelque<br \/>\nform que se soit sans authorisation \u00e9crite est absolument interdite. Abonnement<br \/>\n$40.00 par ann\u00e9e. Imprim\u00e9 au Canada.<br \/>\n* The Appraisal Institute of Canada reserves the right to reject advertising<br \/>\nthat it deems to be inappropriate.<br \/>\n** The publisher and the Appraisal Institute of Canada cannot be held liable for<br \/>\nany material used or claims made in advertising included in this publication.<br \/>\nIndexed in the Canadian Business Index and available on-line in the Canadian<br \/>\nBusiness &#038; Current Af fairs database.<\/p>\n<p>ISSN 0827-2697<\/p>\n<p>Publication management, design and production by:<\/p>\n<p>3rd Floor \u2013 2020 Portage Avenue<br \/>\nWinnipeg, MB r3J 0K4<\/p>\n<p>Phone: 866-985-9780 \u2022 Fax: 866-985-9799<br \/>\nE-mail: info@kelman.ca \u2022 Web: www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Design\/Layout: Theresa Kurjewicz<br \/>\nMarketing Manager: Kris Fillion<\/p>\n<p>Advertising Co-ordinator: Lauren Campbell<\/p>\n<p>America\u2019s Most Hassle-Free Appraisal Software<br \/>\nIs Now Canada\u2019s Most Hassle-Free Appraisal Software<\/p>\n<p>www.BradfordSoftware.com<br \/>\nVisit our website for Introductory Pricing Specials<\/p>\n<p>800-622-8727<\/p>\n<p>Selected by Centract Settlement Services as<br \/>\nthe only approved appraisal software for report<br \/>\ndelivery, ClickFORMS is now being made<br \/>\navailable to all appraisers in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>ClickFORMS is the software most recognized for being<br \/>\nhassle-free. With intuitive \u201cDrag and Drop\u201d simplicity<br \/>\nyou don\u2019t need special training. In fact you\u2019ll probably<br \/>\ncreate your first report without even reading the<br \/>\nmanual. And it does all the little things you would<br \/>\nexpect from quality software. Like providing all your<br \/>\nforms in English and French with a spell checker that<br \/>\nalso works in English and French. The sketcher is<br \/>\nbuilt-in, but it\u2019ll also work with the one you currently<br \/>\nuse. ClickFORMS is software that works the way you<br \/>\nwould expect software to work &#8211; hassle free!<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re looking for a better way, an easier way to<br \/>\nproduce appraisal reports and want to save some<br \/>\nmoney, switch to ClickFORMS today. Centract<br \/>\nSettlement Services did.<\/p>\n<p>Simplicity at its Best<br \/>\nProductivity at its Highest<\/p>\n<p>only $349<br \/>\nClickFROMS is a trademark of Bradford Technologies, Inc.; Other brand and product names are trademrks of their respective owners.<\/p>\n<p>or<br \/>\n$30\/mo<\/p>\n<p>Canadian_Winter_2011:Canadian Property Valuation Magazine  1\/27\/2011  1:38 PM  Page 1<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 5<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=5xBvOLHz5O#?secret=72AeAxHjBk\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE APPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA<br \/>\nOTTAWA, ONTARIO, FAIRMONT CHATEAU LAURIER, JUNE 6-9, 2012<\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Visit Canada\u2019s capital and the historic Chateau Laurier \u2013<br \/>\ncelebrating 100 years in 2012<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Earn 15 CPD credits through our comprehensive<br \/>\neducation sessions including:<br \/>\n&#8211; Dancing with Adjudicating<br \/>\n&#8211; Hotel and Resort valuation<br \/>\n&#8211; The Bridge Between Tax and Appraisals<br \/>\n&#8211; Expert Witness Preparation <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Listen to a keynote address from<br \/>\n   Canada\u2019s chef de mission for the<br \/>\n   London 2012 Olympics<br \/>\n&#8211; Mark Tewksbury <\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Network with colleagues from across the country<br \/>\n&#8211; Golf at one of Ottawa\u2019s premiere golf courses<br \/>\n&#8211; Welcome Reception June 6 at the Chateau Laurier<br \/>\n&#8211; Networking night at Ottawa\u2019s new Convention Centre with a <\/p>\n<p>casino, music and fortune tellers<br \/>\n&#8211; Friday June 8 has the President\u2019s dinner at the Chateau Laurier <\/p>\n<p>with the Johnny Cash Band <\/p>\n<p>Why should you come to AIC 2012 in Ottawa?<\/p>\n<p>AIC 2013 \u2013 SAVE THE DATE<br \/>\nCalgary, Alberta   \u2022   June 6-9, 2013   \u2022   Westin Hotel<\/p>\n<p>For more information<br \/>\ncontact info@aicanada.ca! <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada6<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.mnp.ca<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Executive Corner<\/p>\n<p>Michael Mendela, AACIFrom THe PreSIDenT<\/p>\n<p>Transformation is happening<br \/>\nAs you read this message, the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) will be<br \/>\nmaking final preparations for the annual June<br \/>\nconference and Annual General Meeting (AGM)<br \/>\nin Ottawa. During the AGM, I will step aside as<br \/>\npresident, leaving that job in the capable hands<br \/>\nof David Shum. This transition should be seam-<br \/>\nless, as David continues with his work on the<br \/>\nboard and committees to ensure that we keep<br \/>\nmoving ahead with the ongoing changes that<br \/>\nwe committed to at the inception of my year as<br \/>\npresident. To say that this past year has flown<br \/>\nby is trite, yet, spot on, in describing the past 12<br \/>\nmonths. It has been a year marked by transfor-<br \/>\nmation as we endeavour to adapt and improve<br \/>\nthis association for the benefit of all members.<br \/>\nNot since leaving Winnipeg has the association<br \/>\nbeen faced with so many staff changes and<br \/>\nnew initiatives. Here are some of the initiatives<br \/>\nunderpinning this evolution:<br \/>\n\u2022\t a\trestructured\tinsurance\tprogram\tbased\ton\trisk\t<\/p>\n<p>assessment, rather than the \u2018one size fits all\u2019<br \/>\napproach we currently have;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t a\tnew\toperational\tstructure\tfor\tthe\tInstitute,<br \/>\nwith a more streamlined and responsible<br \/>\ngovernance model that will see the restructur-<br \/>\ning of our multiple committees;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t an\timproved\twebsite\tthat\tbetter\trepresents<br \/>\nAIC in the public domain, while responding<br \/>\nto the needs of members for easily accessed<br \/>\ninformation;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t a\trevamped\tapproach\tto\tour\tmarketing\tand<br \/>\ncommunications programs;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t a\tmandatory\tone-day\tprofessional\tpractice<br \/>\nseminar; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t our\tnew\tresidential\tappraisal\tform.<br \/>\nNone of this work would have been possible<br \/>\nwithout the efforts of the other 14 directors<br \/>\nthat sit with me around the board table. I would<br \/>\nlike to commend them for their commitment to<br \/>\nworking together effectively, despite the fact<br \/>\nthat many of them began their terms<br \/>\nonly last spring. Of course, it also goes<br \/>\nwithout saying that none of the work<br \/>\nthis association accomplishes would<br \/>\nbe possible without the countless<br \/>\nhours of volunteer time our<br \/>\nmany national commit-<br \/>\ntee members selflessly<br \/>\ncontribute.<\/p>\n<p>I would also like to<br \/>\nsincerely thank our entire<br \/>\noffice staff \u2013 not only those who<br \/>\nwere hired this year, but especially the<br \/>\nindividuals who stayed on with the<br \/>\nassociation and were called upon to<br \/>\nperform above and beyond the<br \/>\nrequirements of their typical<br \/>\ndaily routines while the<br \/>\noffice operated well below <\/p>\n<p>staffing complement for many months. Thank<br \/>\nyou for your dedication to the AIC.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, I would also like to recognize Keith<br \/>\nLancastle, our new CEO, who hit the ground<br \/>\nrunning and never stopped after joining the AIC<br \/>\nin September. His capable hands-on response,<br \/>\nas he hired replacement office staff, worked with<br \/>\nthe board, maneuvered the complexities of the<br \/>\ninsurance program, and visited as many of our<br \/>\nprovincial associations as possible, deserves our<br \/>\nappreciation.<\/p>\n<p>Since the AIC was founded 74 years ago, the<br \/>\nsuccess of this organization has been dependent<br \/>\non the combined efforts of volunteers and staff.<br \/>\nThat has not changed. As we work to move this<br \/>\nassociation into the future, we are fortunate<br \/>\nindeed to be able to count on the talent and<br \/>\ncommitment of so many engaged individuals. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs we work to move<br \/>\nthis association into the<br \/>\nfuture, we are fortunate <\/p>\n<p>indeed to be able to<br \/>\ncount on the talent and <\/p>\n<p>commitment of so many<br \/>\nengaged individuals. \u201c<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contentsCanadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada8<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Play a little game the next<br \/>\ntime you are killing time at the airport. We<br \/>\nhave all experienced the hurry up and wait<br \/>\nof airport security and flight delays. Often,<br \/>\nthis absorption of time takes on Twilight Zone<br \/>\nqualities. The experiences range from things<br \/>\nthat cannot be unseen to the mundane act of<br \/>\ncoffee spilling due to a misplaced Tim Horton\u2019s <\/p>\n<p> David Shum, AACIFrom THe PreSIDenT-eleCT<\/p>\n<p>Do they know what we do?<br \/>\nlid. However, if asked to recount what hap-<br \/>\npened between clearing security at 1 pm and<br \/>\nyour 5 pm departure time, the experiences often<br \/>\nevaporate from memory.<\/p>\n<p>During these moments (with an iPod<br \/>\nproviding a soundtrack for the simulation of<br \/>\nlife), select four people in the waiting area and<br \/>\nlet your inquisitive nature take over. What does<br \/>\nthat person do? Where are they going and why?<br \/>\nAre they on a work trip or vacation? What is the<br \/>\nprobability that your answers are correct \u2013 50\/50<br \/>\nat best, 100% wrong is within the realm of pos-<br \/>\nsibility. Having said that, let\u2019s assume the other<br \/>\nfour people are playing the same game.  <\/p>\n<p>What is the probability that one of the players<br \/>\nwould guess your profession correctly: 50\/50?<br \/>\nHigher? Lower? Odds are likely to be at the lower<br \/>\nend of the range. What are the chances that<br \/>\n\u2018appraiser\u2019 makes the short list of possibilities?<br \/>\nIf I passed a cheat sheet to a player listing the<br \/>\nqualities of an appraiser, what are the chances<br \/>\nthat one of the four players would have any idea<br \/>\nwhat that refers to?<\/p>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s change those \u2018players\u2019 to \u2018stake-<br \/>\nholders\u2019 like lenders, government regulators,<br \/>\nlawyers and the general public. Does the prob-<\/p>\n<p>ability of a correct answer increase? By how much?<br \/>\nWhat can the AIC do to increase those odds?<\/p>\n<p>Both the Marketing &#038; Communications<br \/>\nand Government Relations committees are<br \/>\ntasked with increasing the probability that AIC<br \/>\nstakeholders can identify an appraiser, not by<br \/>\nappearance, but by what appraisers do and<br \/>\nhow they contribute. Would a cheat sheet for<br \/>\nstakeholders help? What qualities define our<br \/>\nmembers and how do we effectively convey<br \/>\nthat message to our stakeholders?<\/p>\n<p>From the national association level to the<br \/>\nindividual level, collectively and individually,<br \/>\nwe need to assess our qualities and skills<br \/>\nagainst the changing market needs of our<br \/>\nstakeholders. How do we convey our message<br \/>\nto stakeholders in a manner that gets past the<br \/>\nsuperficial glance at an airport and gets to the<br \/>\ncontribution appraisers can make? There are<br \/>\na multitude of possibilities and the solutions<br \/>\nrequire input from all facets of our member-<br \/>\nship. At the end of the game, if we can get<br \/>\na meaningful increase in the probability of<br \/>\nstakeholder recognition, the airport player\u2019s<br \/>\nodds will be as trivial as the time spent at the<br \/>\nairport lounge. <\/p>\n<p> \u201cHow do we convey our message to<br \/>\nstakeholders in a manner that gets to the <\/p>\n<p>contribution appraisers can make?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 9<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>le CoIn De l\u2019Ex\u00e9cutif<\/p>\n<p>Michael Mendela, AACImeSSage Du Pr\u00e9SIDenT<\/p>\n<p>Notre transformation<br \/>\npour le mieux se poursuit<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque vous lirez ces lignes,<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (IC\u00c9) en sera aux<br \/>\n\u00e9tapes finales de la pr\u00e9paration de sa conf\u00e9rence<br \/>\nannuelle et de son Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale annuelle<br \/>\n(AGA) qui se tiendront en juin \u00e0 Ottawa. Durant<br \/>\nl\u2019AGA, je c\u00e8derai mon poste de pr\u00e9sident au tr\u00e8s<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tent  David Shum. Cette transition devrait<br \/>\nse faire en douceur \u00e0 mesure que David poursuit<br \/>\nson travail aupr\u00e8s du Conseil et des comit\u00e9s<br \/>\npour assurer que les changements convoit\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\nmon arriv\u00e9e comme pr\u00e9sident se poursuivent. Il<br \/>\npeut sembler clich\u00e9 de dire que cette ann\u00e9e s\u2019est<br \/>\nenvol\u00e9e rapidement, mais c\u2019est de cette fa\u00e7on que<br \/>\nce sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s les 12 derniers mois. Ce fut une<br \/>\nann\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e par la transformation compte<br \/>\ntenu des efforts que nous d\u00e9ployons pour adapter<br \/>\net am\u00e9liorer cette association dans les meilleurs<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats de ses membres. Ce n\u2019est que lorsque nous<br \/>\navons quitt\u00e9 Winnipeg que nous avons connu<br \/>\nautant de changements dans la dotation et de<br \/>\nnouvelles initiatives. En voici quelques-unes qui ont<br \/>\ncertes marqu\u00e9 cette \u00e9volution\u00a0: <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t un\tprogramme\td\u2019assurance\trestructur\u00e9\tet<br \/>\nfond\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un<br \/>\nprogramme g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tel que c\u2019est le cas<br \/>\nactuellement; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t une\tnouvelle\tstructure\top\u00e9rationnelle\tpour<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut, dot\u00e9e d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de gouver-<br \/>\nnance plus rationalis\u00e9 et responsable qui<br \/>\nfera aussi appel \u00e0 la restructuration de nos<br \/>\nmultiples comit\u00e9s; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t un\tsite\tWeb\tam\u00e9lior\u00e9\tqui\trepr\u00e9sente<br \/>\ndavantage l\u2019IC\u00c9 dans le secteur public tout<br \/>\nen r\u00e9pondant aux besoins des membres en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019acc\u00e8s facile \u00e0 l\u2019information; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t une\tnouvelle\tapproche\taux\tprogrammes\tde<br \/>\ncommunication et de marketing;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t un\ts\u00e9minaire\tobligatoire\td\u2019un\tjour\tsur\tla<br \/>\npratique professionnelle; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t notre\tnouveau\tformulaire\td\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentielle.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r\u00e9alisations n\u2019auraient pu \u00eatre possibles<br \/>\nsans les efforts des 14 autres administrateurs qui<br \/>\nsi\u00e8gent avec moi \u00e0 la table du Conseil. Je profite<br \/>\ndonc de cette occasion pour faire l\u2019\u00e9loge de leur<br \/>\nengagement \u00e0 collaborer efficacement en d\u00e9pit<br \/>\ndu fait que plusieurs ont entrepris leur mandat au<br \/>\nprintemps dernier seulement. Bien entendu,<br \/>\nil va sans dire que le travail accompli par<br \/>\nl\u2019association ne pourrait l\u2019\u00eatre sans les<br \/>\nnombreuses heures que consacrent<br \/>\n\u00e9galement les membres b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de nos<br \/>\nnombreux comit\u00e9s nationaux. <\/p>\n<p>Je veux remercier tr\u00e8s sinc\u00e8rement l\u2019ensemble<br \/>\ndu personnel de notre bureau, non seulement ceux<br \/>\nqui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9s cette ann\u00e9e, mais surtout ceux<br \/>\net celles qui sont rest\u00e9(e)s au service de l\u2019asso-<br \/>\nciation et qui ont tenu le coup m\u00eame lorsque <\/p>\n<p>plusieurs postes sont demeur\u00e9s libres pendant<br \/>\nplusieurs mois. Merci pour votre d\u00e9vouement \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019endroit de l\u2019IC\u00c9. <\/p>\n<p>Enfin, je veux aussi faire mention de Keith<br \/>\nLancastle, notre nouveau chef de la direction, qui<br \/>\ns\u2019est joint \u00e0 la course et n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 de courir<br \/>\ndepuis qu\u2019il s\u2019est joint \u00e0 l\u2019IC\u00c9 en septembre. Son<br \/>\ntravail comp\u00e9tent et pratique lorsqu\u2019il a engag\u00e9<br \/>\nde nouveaux membres du personnel, son \u00e9troite<br \/>\ncollaboration avec le Conseil, sa fa\u00e7on de traiter<br \/>\nles complexit\u00e9s du programme d\u2019assurance et ses<br \/>\nnombreuses visites aux associations provinciales<br \/>\nm\u00e9ritent certes notre appr\u00e9ciation. <\/p>\n<p>Depuis la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019IC\u00c9 il y a 74 ans, le succ\u00e8s<br \/>\nde l\u2019organisme a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 proportionnel aux<br \/>\nefforts du personnel et des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles. Les choses<br \/>\nn\u2019ont pas chang\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui. Tourn\u00e9s vers l\u2019avenir,<br \/>\nnous sommes fortun\u00e9s de pouvoir compter sur<br \/>\nle talent et l\u2019engagement de tant de gens aussi<br \/>\nd\u00e9vou\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Tourn\u00e9s vers l\u2019avenir,<br \/>\nnous sommes fortun\u00e9s<br \/>\nde pouvoir compter sur <\/p>\n<p>le talent et l\u2019engagement<br \/>\nde tant de gens aussi <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9vou\u00e9s. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contentsCanadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada10<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p> David Shum, AACImeSSage Du Pr\u00e9SIDenT \u00e9lu<\/p>\n<p>Savent-ils ce que nous faisons?<\/p>\n<p>La prochaine fois que vous<br \/>\nattendrez \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport, faites un petit test. Nous<br \/>\navons tous connu l\u2019empressement de franchir la<br \/>\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les vols retard\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport. Souvent,<br \/>\ncette perte de temps nous donne un sentiment<br \/>\nd\u2019incertitude. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience peut aller de choses<br \/>\nqu\u2019on ne peut cacher au d\u00e9versement d\u2019un caf\u00e9<br \/>\nen raison d\u2019un couvercle mal ferm\u00e9. Toutefois, si<br \/>\nl\u2019on vous demande ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 apr\u00e8s avoir<br \/>\nfranchi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 13 h jusqu\u2019\u00e0 votre d\u00e9part<br \/>\n\u00e0 17 h, ces petites exp\u00e9riences semblent \u00eatre<br \/>\noubli\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>Durant ces p\u00e9riodes d\u2019attente<br \/>\n(avec un iPod qui procure<br \/>\nune simulation de vie),<br \/>\nchoisissez quatre <\/p>\n<p>personnes dans la zone d\u2019attente et c\u00e9dez aux<br \/>\ncaprices de votre imagination. Que fait cette<br \/>\npersonne dans la vie? Est-elle en vacances ou en<br \/>\nvoyage d\u2019affaires? Quelle est la probabilit\u00e9 que<br \/>\nvos r\u00e9ponses soient exactes \u2013 50-50 tout au plus.<br \/>\n\u00catre dans l\u2019erreur \u00e0 100 % est aussi possible. Ceci<br \/>\n\u00e9tant dit, disons que les quatre autres personnes<br \/>\njouent le m\u00eame jeu. <\/p>\n<p>Dans quelle mesure est-il probable que l\u2019un<br \/>\ndes joueurs devine votre profession correctement :<br \/>\n50-50?  Plus? Moins? En toute probabilit\u00e9, sa<br \/>\nr\u00e9ponse sera probablement \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 inf\u00e9-<br \/>\nrieure de l\u2019\u00e9chelle. Quelles sont les chances que le<br \/>\nmot \u00ab \u00e9valuateur \u00bb fasse partie des possibilit\u00e9s?<br \/>\nSi je distribue un aide-m\u00e9moire \u00e0 un joueur<br \/>\n\u00e9num\u00e9rant les qualit\u00e9s d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur, quelles<br \/>\nsont les chances que l\u2019un des joueurs sache de<br \/>\nquoi il s\u2019agit?<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant, rempla\u00e7ons ces joueurs par<br \/>\ndes intervenants comme les pr\u00eateurs, les r\u00e9gies<br \/>\ngouvernementales, les avocats et le grand public.<br \/>\nLa probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une bonne r\u00e9ponse augmente-<br \/>\nt-elle? De combien?  Que peut faire l\u2019IC\u00c9 pour<br \/>\naccro\u00eetre ces chances?<\/p>\n<p>Le Comit\u00e9s du marketing et des communi-<\/p>\n<p>cations et le Comit\u00e9 des relations gouvernemen-<br \/>\ntales sont charg\u00e9s de faire cro\u00eetre la probabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nque les intervenants de l\u2019IC\u00c9 puissent identifier<br \/>\nun \u00e9valuateur, non pas par son apparence, mais<br \/>\nplut\u00f4t par ce qu\u2019il fait et ce qu\u2019il contribue. Un<br \/>\naide-m\u00e9moire pour les intervenants serait-il<br \/>\nutile? Quelles sont les qualit\u00e9s qui d\u00e9finissent nos<br \/>\nmembres et comment transmettre ce message<br \/>\nefficacement \u00e0 nos intervenants?<\/p>\n<p>Du niveau national de l\u2019association jusqu\u2019au<br \/>\nniveau des particuliers, collectivement et<br \/>\nindividuellement, nous devons \u00e9valuer nos<br \/>\nqualit\u00e9s et nos comp\u00e9tences par rapport aux<br \/>\nbesoins changeants du march\u00e9 de nos inter-<br \/>\nvenants. Comment pouvons-nous transmettre<br \/>\nnotre message aux intervenants d\u2019une fa\u00e7on qui<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas superficielle comme \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport, mais<br \/>\nqui refl\u00e8te vraiment ce que font les \u00e9valuateurs?<br \/>\nCela peut \u00eatre accompli de plusieurs fa\u00e7ons et les<br \/>\nsolutions doivent venir de nos membres \u00e0 tous<br \/>\nles paliers. \u00c0 la fin du jeu, si la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\nreconnaissance par les intervenants augmente,<br \/>\nles chances du joueur \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport seront aussi<br \/>\nfutiles que le temps pass\u00e9 \u00e0 attendre dans le<br \/>\nsalon d\u2019un a\u00e9roport. <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Comment pouvons-nous transmettre notre<br \/>\nmessage aux intervenants d\u2019une fa\u00e7on qui refl\u00e8te <\/p>\n<p>vraiment ce que font les \u00e9valuateurs?  \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 11<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Member ProFIle<\/p>\n<p>Bob Thompson, AACI<br \/>\nSpecialization and<br \/>\ndiversification work hand-in-hand<\/p>\n<p>armers know that a mixed use operation<br \/>\ncan protect them from fluctuations in<br \/>\nthe economy. When the value of wheat <\/p>\n<p>drops, they can rely on their oilseeds. If the cost<br \/>\nof working the land increases, they might derive<br \/>\nmore profit from their livestock operation.<\/p>\n<p>This is the kind of farm on which Bob Thomp-<br \/>\nson, AACI was born and raised. Throughout his<br \/>\ncareer, he has applied this same approach to his<br \/>\nappraisal practice, creating a careful balance of<br \/>\ndiversification and specialization that continues<br \/>\nto serve him well.<\/p>\n<p> \u201cYour toolbox should have different tools,\u201d <\/p>\n<p>says Thompson. \u201cYou should try to organize<br \/>\nyour practice so that you are busy at all differ-<br \/>\nent points in the economic cycle.\u201d He notes that<br \/>\nsome aspects of his practice are more active in<br \/>\na down cycle, while others become active when<br \/>\nthe economy picks up.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, during the mid-1980s recession,<br \/>\nThompson was busy helping farmers address<br \/>\nissues such as debt, assets, liabilities, and cash<br \/>\nflow, and advising them on modifications that<br \/>\nmight make their operations more economically<br \/>\nviable. Today, he is more focused on expropria-<br \/>\ntions related to the development of highways <\/p>\n<p>and reservoirs on agricultural land.<br \/>\nThe common thread is the nature of the <\/p>\n<p>properties involved. \u201cIt is all related to rural<br \/>\nissues,\u201d explains Thompson. \u201cWhen we get a call<br \/>\nto do an appraisal in an urban area, we refer the<br \/>\ncaller to someone else.\u201d  <\/p>\n<p>Growing up on a farm in southern Alberta<br \/>\njust outside of Calgary, the appraiser learned<br \/>\nabout agriculture from an early age. Along<br \/>\nwith cultivating canola, wheat and barley, the<br \/>\nmixed use operation produced calves for Alberta<br \/>\nfeedlots. Thompson received his first cow when<br \/>\nhe was six years old.  <\/p>\n<p>While he was studying agriculture at the<br \/>\nUniversity of Alberta, Thompson developed an<br \/>\ninterest in land value and how it related to farming.<br \/>\nThen, in his fourth year, potential employers came<br \/>\nto campus to meet with students. One of the<br \/>\npresenters was an agrologist who also had his<br \/>\nAACI designation. He told the class: \u201cAnyone who<br \/>\nis interested in combining farming with cash flow<br \/>\nfrom a career standpoint should consider appraisal<br \/>\nwork.\u201d It was something Thompson never forgot.  <\/p>\n<p>After graduation, he accepted a position<br \/>\nin the marketing department of Imperial Oil\u2019s<br \/>\nFertilizer and Fuels Division. But, the job would<br \/>\nbe short lived. In 1977, when a former university<br \/>\nprofessor called him about an employment<br \/>\nopportunity in the agricultural consulting and<br \/>\nappraisal division at Deloitte and Touche, Thomp-<br \/>\nson jumped at the opportunity. Since then, he<br \/>\nhas never turned back.<\/p>\n<p>During his seven years working with<br \/>\nDeloitte\u2019s rural consulting arm in both Edmonton<br \/>\nand Calgary, Thompson completed a Masters in<br \/>\nAgricultural Economics and his AACI appraisal <\/p>\n<p>F<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada12<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>accreditation \u2013 all while raising two young<br \/>\nchildren with his high school sweetheart, who he<br \/>\nhad married a few years before. He remembers<br \/>\nwhen, having finished his graduate studies and<br \/>\nAACI, he realized that it was the first evening in<br \/>\nyears that he had nothing planned. \u201cI did not<br \/>\nknow what to do with myself,\u201d he laughs.<\/p>\n<p>Soon, he had plenty to keep him busy. In<br \/>\n1984, Thompson left Deloitte to found AFC Agra<br \/>\nServices Ltd. He also continued his family\u2019s cow\/<br \/>\ncalf operation 15 km from his ancestral home<br \/>\nand 35 km from Calgary. <\/p>\n<p>Commuting to the city, he tackled a wide<br \/>\nvariety of rural consulting and valuation work,<br \/>\nincluding market value appraisals and high level<br \/>\nmediation on complex property matters for<br \/>\nbrokers and financial institutions. For the latter,<br \/>\nhe relied heavily on his agricultural economics<br \/>\nbackground. The firm grew steadily, encompass-<br \/>\ning up to a half dozen appraisers and two to<br \/>\nthree real estate brokers, depending on demand.  <\/p>\n<p>Thompson also became involved in apprais-<br \/>\ning conservation easements. Environment<br \/>\nCanada has a program whereby individuals<br \/>\nreceive a tax receipt for donating a gift of land to<br \/>\na qualified recipient organization that is trying to<br \/>\npreserve ecologically sensitive areas. An appraisal<br \/>\nis necessary in order to determine the amount of<br \/>\nthe tax receipt. <\/p>\n<p>In fact, when he was in graduate school,<br \/>\nThompson wrote his thesis on the impact of<br \/>\neasements on agricultural land value. When the<br \/>\nidea of conservation easements caught on in<br \/>\nCanada, Public Works in Edmonton contacted<br \/>\nThompson to ask him if he would write a course<br \/>\nfor appraisers on calculating land values for that<br \/>\npurpose. \u201cWe put that on for Alberta, Saskatch-<br \/>\newan and Manitoba,\u201d he recalls. The model was<br \/>\nthen applied in Ontario, the Maritimes and British<br \/>\nColumbia.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, Thompson became<br \/>\nincreasingly involved in matters involving expro-<br \/>\npriation for highways and reservoirs for irrigation,<br \/>\nmunicipal water supply, recreation or mixed<br \/>\nuse. For this work, he performed appraisals for<br \/>\nlawyers representing either the government or<br \/>\nthe landowner.  <\/p>\n<p>It was not long after the founding of AFC Agra<br \/>\nServices Ltd. that a young Calgary lawyer named<br \/>\nJim Prentice came to Thompson with a novel <\/p>\n<p> \u201cYour toolbox should<br \/>\nhave different tools. You <\/p>\n<p>should try to organize<br \/>\nyour practice so that you<br \/>\nare busy at all different<br \/>\npoints in the economic <\/p>\n<p>cycle.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canada&rsquo;s BEST source of<br \/>\nenvironmental risk information <\/p>\n<p>for real estate<br \/>\nAn ERIS Report includes and identifies:<br \/>\n\u2022 Waste disposal sites<br \/>\n\u2022 PCB storage sites<br \/>\n\u2022 Spills<br \/>\n\u2022 Contaminated sites<br \/>\n\u2022 Underground tanks<br \/>\n\u2022 Nearby industrial facilities<\/p>\n<p>Information Services include:<br \/>\n\u2022 Aerial photographs \u2022 City Directory Search<br \/>\n\u2022 Fire Insurance Maps \u2022 Property Title Search <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Topographic Maps <\/p>\n<p>Before any property transaction<br \/>\nor site assessment, identify your<br \/>\nenvironmental risks&#8230;get ERIS.<\/p>\n<p>Visit www.eris.ca<br \/>\nCall toll free: 1-888-245-5460 <\/p>\n<p>Email: info@eris.ca<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 13<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.eris.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@eris.ca<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>idea. \u201cHe told me: \u2018You give us the same answer,<br \/>\nno matter who you are retained by,\u2019\u201d he recalls.<br \/>\n\u201cAnd I told him: \u2018That is exactly what appraisers<br \/>\nare supposed to do, tell you objectively what they<br \/>\nthink.\u2019\u201d The lawyers then asked Thompson if he<br \/>\nwould accept working for both the crown and the<br \/>\nlandowner, to arrive at a proposal for compensa-<br \/>\ntion. This is what the appraiser has been doing<br \/>\never since.<\/p>\n<p>Thompson uses a phased approach to<br \/>\naddress the issue. In the first phase, he collects<br \/>\nfacts by talking to the government and the land-<br \/>\nowner, and looking at the operation. The firm<br \/>\nthen prepares a preliminary report describing<br \/>\nthe facts, including the impact of the highway or<br \/>\nreservoir on the operation. \u201cWe have meetings<br \/>\nwith everyone to ensure we have everything<br \/>\nright,\u201d explains Thompson. \u201cThen, we describe<br \/>\nhow we see the compensation going. But, we<br \/>\ndo not have any compensation numbers. \u201c<\/p>\n<p>In the next phase, Thompson and his team<br \/>\nquantify both market value and damages. They<br \/>\nthen present the report to both parties for fur-<br \/>\nther input. \u201cI have done a hundred of these and<br \/>\nthere is only one that did not get resolved with<br \/>\nthis process,\u201d says Thompson. \u201cThe key is to take<br \/>\nsmall steps. If each party\u2019s expectations are very<br \/>\ndifferent, it is better to address and resolve one<br \/>\nissue at a time before moving onto the next.\u201d<br \/>\nThe government likes the process because it is<br \/>\nless costly. The farmers appreciate it because<br \/>\nthere is no pressure for them to argue their point<br \/>\nof view. They know the appraisal report will be<br \/>\nneutral and fair.<\/p>\n<p>When Jim Prentice was asked to co-chair<br \/>\nthe Indian Claims Commission, he brought the<br \/>\nprocess with him. At the same time, Thompson<br \/>\nhad also become involved in First Nations land<br \/>\nclaims. Over the years, Dallas Maynard, an<br \/>\nappraisal colleague in Edmonton, had reviewed<br \/>\nseveral of Thompson\u2019s appraisals related to<br \/>\nexpropriations. \u201cHe kept telling me that we did<br \/>\nnot have enough appraisers involved in doing<br \/>\nFirst Nations valuation work,\u201d recalls Thompson.<br \/>\n\u201cWhen I first started doing it, the work only <\/p>\n<p>Member ProFIle<\/p>\n<p>involved appraisals. Now, I am doing some<br \/>\nconsulting as well.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes when he was doing First Nations<br \/>\nwork, economic issues would come up. At times,<br \/>\nhe has been retained jointly by the federal<br \/>\ngovernment and different First Nations groups<br \/>\nto analyze issues from an economic perspective<br \/>\nrelated to compensation on claims for treaty<br \/>\nrights. For this work, he is part of a team of<br \/>\nhistorians, lawyers and other professionals. \u201cThe<br \/>\nteam changes depending on what part of the<br \/>\ncountry you are in and what issues exist,\u201d notes<br \/>\nThompson. In the past, he has travelled to BC,<br \/>\nAlberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba to perform<br \/>\nFirst Nations appraisal and consulting work,<br \/>\nalthough, lately, the work has taken him mainly<br \/>\nto Ontario.<\/p>\n<p>But, these days, while he still travels across<br \/>\nthe country, he is no longer commuting to<br \/>\nCalgary for work. In 2005, he sold AFC Agra<br \/>\nServices Ltd., in order to relocate his appraisal<br \/>\nbusiness to a home office. \u201cWhen I moved<br \/>\nhome, one of my sons, who has a degree in eco-<br \/>\nnomics from the University of Calgary, indicated<br \/>\nthat he wanted to get involved in the appraisal<br \/>\nfield,\u201d notes Thompson.  <\/p>\n<p>Like his father, Jeff Thompson splits his time<br \/>\nbetween the appraisal business and helping<br \/>\nmanage the family\u2019s 2,000-acre farm, which still<br \/>\nincludes a cow\/calf operation. \u201cWe do not fatten<br \/>\nthe calves,\u201d notes Thompson. \u201cWe sell them in<br \/>\nthe fall and they go to a feedlot.\u201d The Thomp-<br \/>\nsons also hire a number of people to do the<br \/>\nseeding, spraying and combining on their land.  <\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, agriculture continues to be an <\/p>\n<p>important part of everything they do. Recently,<br \/>\nJeff \u2013 who worked on a 20,000 feed-lot after<br \/>\nhigh school \u2013 noticed a lame cow while he was<br \/>\nconducting a ranch appraisal. It was an opportu-<br \/>\nnity for him to share his insight and background.  <\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll of a sudden, Jeff had instant credibility<br \/>\nwith the rancher,\u201d recalls his father, adding.<br \/>\n\u201cWhen we are out doing an appraisal, there is<br \/>\na certain level of trust if you can relate to the<br \/>\nfarmer and he can relate to you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>After almost 35 years in the appraisal indus-<br \/>\ntry, Thompson is still very passionate about his<br \/>\nwork and its many possibilities. \u201cI enjoy trying to<br \/>\napply our training to create a positive outcome<br \/>\nthat resolves a problem,\u201d he explains. \u201cI get<br \/>\ntremendous satisfaction when folks are happy<br \/>\nthat we have been able to address their issues.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, he is slowing down, taking<br \/>\nmore time to \u201cenjoy the cottonwoods\u201d outside<br \/>\nhis front door. These days, Thompson rarely<br \/>\nbrokers real estate, unless it is a particularly large<br \/>\nranch. Likewise, he is no longer active with the<br \/>\nAlberta Institute of Agrologists or the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada (AIC) \u2013 where he was<br \/>\ninvolved with the Professional Liability Insurance<br \/>\nProgram for five years \u2013 although he and his<br \/>\nwife still try to attend the national conference<br \/>\nevery year.<\/p>\n<p>As his role in the industry winds down, he<br \/>\nis only too pleased to pass the torch to Jeff, who<br \/>\ncompleted his AACI in the spring of 2011. He<br \/>\nknows that, with his accreditation and his diverse<br \/>\nexperience in agriculture, appraisal and consulting,<br \/>\nhis son will continue to grow the family business,<br \/>\nwhile enjoying a fruitful and fulfilling career.  <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we are out doing an appraisal, there<br \/>\nis a certain level of trust if you can relate to <\/p>\n<p>the farmer and he can relate to you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada14<\/p>\n<p>www.caamp.org<\/p>\n<p>recommend your<br \/>\nclients to an AMP<\/p>\n<p>Refer with<br \/>\nConfidence<\/p>\n<p>The Accredited Mortgage Professional<br \/>\ndesignation is Canada\u2019s national <\/p>\n<p>proficiency standard for the mortgage<br \/>\nindustry. Ensure your clients deal with<br \/>\na mortgage professional who has met <\/p>\n<p>the highest industry standards.<\/p>\n<p>CAAMP 192403 AMP Referral Ad 8.25&#215;10.75.indd   1 12-03-30   4:21 PM<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.caamp.org<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>We all know what highest and best use is \u2013<br \/>\nor at least we know enough to think of it as<br \/>\n\u2018maximum potential use.\u2019 Of course, there is a<br \/>\nprocess to be followed, but this is not about the<br \/>\nprocess \u2013 this is about the analysis, which is<br \/>\npart of the process. <\/p>\n<p>We sometimes tend to think of the highest<br \/>\nand best use in terms of current use and that<br \/>\ncan lead us to form a conclusion that might be<br \/>\n\u2018inconclusive\u2019 to the client. An example of this<br \/>\nwould be a 40-year-old former \u2018gas station\u2019<br \/>\n\u2013 the ones that used to be common \u2013 with <\/p>\n<p>By RoBeRt tipple, aaci, fellow<\/p>\n<p>fueling pumps outside and two or three vehicle<br \/>\nrepair bays inside. It may well be that, for<br \/>\nphysical, economic and environmental reasons,<br \/>\ncontinuation as a \u2018gas station\u2019 may no longer<br \/>\nbe the highest and best use of this property.<br \/>\nHowever, are we providing the best advice to<br \/>\nour client if we conclude that demolition of<br \/>\nthe building and redevelopment of the site is<br \/>\nthe highest and best use? That may be so, but<br \/>\nnot necessarily, since many of these properties<br \/>\nremediate the contaminated sites, retain the<br \/>\nbuildings and renovate them so that they have <\/p>\n<p>a new life as convenience stores and\/or fast<br \/>\nfood takeouts (usually service stations were in<br \/>\ngreat locations). <\/p>\n<p>What about a 50-year-old neighbourhood<br \/>\nsupermarket that looks tired inside and out, its<br \/>\nheating, electrical and A\/C systems are totally<br \/>\nout of date, and the parking lot is decrepit.<br \/>\nShould the building be demolished and the site<br \/>\nredeveloped \u2018as permitted by current zoning?\u2019<br \/>\nMaybe, but maybe not. It is usually outside<br \/>\nthe scope of an appraisal to complete a cost\/<br \/>\nbenefit analysis that compares refurbishing <\/p>\n<p>HigHest    Best<br \/>\nuse analysis<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contentsCanadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada16 Canadian Property Valuation                                                     \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>a building to the cost of new construction.<br \/>\nBut, consideration should at least be given to<br \/>\ninforming the client that there are options. By<br \/>\nthe way, that 50-year-old tired supermarket is<br \/>\nnow a modern and attractive office building.  <\/p>\n<p>Another example would be a fairly large<br \/>\nnational chain auto repair garage that became<br \/>\nthe victim of the shift in retail from being near<br \/>\nresidential areas to being within \u2018big box\u2019 areas.<br \/>\nIt is easy to quickly conclude that, if a national<br \/>\nchain decided that this property is no longer<br \/>\nsuitable for its retail use, the property is ready<br \/>\nfor a change in use from retail. Again, maybe<br \/>\nso, but for one thing, retail is one of many<br \/>\nforms of commercial use and we likely do not<br \/>\nhave the information to conclude that retail is<br \/>\nor is not a highest and best use. Therefore, we<br \/>\nshould avoid using the term \u2018retail,\u2019 and instead<br \/>\nuse the more generic term \u2018commercial.\u2019 <\/p>\n<p>Second, we should not be unduly influenced<br \/>\nby one property user, even if that user is very<br \/>\nwell known and established. <\/p>\n<p>Third, we should consider all the factors<br \/>\nwhich affect highest and best use \u2013 physical,<br \/>\nlegal, economic \u2013 and inform the client that,<br \/>\nsubject to cost, the subject property may have<br \/>\nalternate uses, possibly alternate commercial<br \/>\nuses, but, potentially, other types of use <\/p>\n<p>depending on zoning and permitted uses. It<br \/>\nmay even be that the current use is a legal non-<br \/>\nconforming use and, if so, this should definitely<br \/>\nbe identified and addressed so that the client is<br \/>\nfully informed. <\/p>\n<p>What happened to that former repair garage?<br \/>\nUsing the existing building steel frame, it was<br \/>\ntotally refurbished into three separate rental<br \/>\nspaces, each occupied by national companies,<br \/>\nnone of them having anything at all to do with<br \/>\nvehicle repair.<\/p>\n<p>The above are only three examples that<br \/>\nshould make us think carefully and be thorough<br \/>\nin our analysis of highest and best use. It is this<br \/>\nanalysis that clients seek in our valuation reports.<br \/>\nSo, how can we provide a more meaningful<br \/>\nanalysis that will better serve our clients?<\/p>\n<p>When we are completing our inspection<br \/>\nof the property, be diligent, because the<br \/>\ninformation we are obtaining on-site is important<br \/>\nand forms part of the basis for our highest and<br \/>\nbest use analysis and conclusions.<\/p>\n<p>When writing our report, specifically the<br \/>\nproperty description section, state the relevance<br \/>\nof what is being described, rather than simply<br \/>\nproviding a factual description. Clients are relying<br \/>\non us to inform them of what we are thinking. <\/p>\n<p>Use the description section of our report<br \/>\nto provide the basis for the highest and best<br \/>\nuse section. \u2018Connect\u2019 them. For example, the<br \/>\ncondition of the building and the location of the<br \/>\nproperty, as stated in the description section,<br \/>\nshould be among the physical factors referred<br \/>\nto in the highest and best use analysis.  <\/p>\n<p>Remind ourselves that highest and best use<br \/>\nis a very important component of our report<br \/>\nin that it effectively determines the property<br \/>\nbeing appraised and forms the basis for its<br \/>\nvaluation. That is to say, is the property a tired<br \/>\nbuilding that has reached the end of its physical<br \/>\nlife, regardless of other factors, or is it a tired<br \/>\nbuilding that has adaptive use potential?<\/p>\n<p>Clearly address highest and best use of<br \/>\nboth the site as-if-vacant and highest and<br \/>\nbest use of the improved property. The<br \/>\nbenefit of our report to the client is that<br \/>\nit provides our opinion of the \u2018maximum<br \/>\npotential use\u2019 of both the site and the<br \/>\nimproved property based on a combination <\/p>\n<p>\u201cit is usually outside the <\/p>\n<p>scope of an appraisal <\/p>\n<p>to complete a cost\/<\/p>\n<p>benefit analysis that <\/p>\n<p>compares refurbishing <\/p>\n<p>a building to the cost of <\/p>\n<p>new construction. But, <\/p>\n<p>consideration should <\/p>\n<p>at least be given to <\/p>\n<p>informing the client that <\/p>\n<p>there are options.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>of factual information, our knowledge and our<br \/>\nexperience.  <\/p>\n<p>When completing our analysis, specifically<br \/>\nconsider physical, legal and economic factors as<br \/>\nthey relate to the property being appraised. This<br \/>\nincludes the usual description and condition of<br \/>\nthe property, as well as zoning and permitted<br \/>\nuses. But, equally important are local market<br \/>\ndevelopment trends, demographics, rental<br \/>\nrates, costs of construction, costs of renovation,<br \/>\navailability of financing and others.  <\/p>\n<p>Above are three examples that should<br \/>\nmake us think carefully and be thorough in<br \/>\nour analysis of highest and best use. To our<br \/>\nprofession, these are the technical issues that<br \/>\nare part of the work we are trained to do, but,<br \/>\nto our clients, the analysis of these factors is<br \/>\nthe essence of what they seek in our appraisal<br \/>\nreports. It is the value \u2013 pardon the pun \u2013 of<br \/>\nour reports to the clients, many of whom (e.g.,<br \/>\nlenders or out-of-town investors) may not have<br \/>\nseen the properties and are relying on us to<br \/>\nprovide the analysis they require for important<br \/>\ndecision-making. Highest and best use is critical<br \/>\nto the number, or range of numbers, which we<br \/>\nrefer to as \u2018value\u2019 at the end of our report.<\/p>\n<p>about the author<br \/>\nRobert Tipple, AACI, Fellow (Retired) is a long-time<br \/>\nmember of the Appraisal Institute of Canada who<br \/>\nserved as an AIC Board member and as Director for<br \/>\nNL. He retired from private practice in 2010, but has<br \/>\ncontinued to contribute to AIC as a member of the<br \/>\nNominating Committee and as a peer reviewer.  <\/p>\n<p>\u201cHighest and best <\/p>\n<p>use is critical to the <\/p>\n<p>number, or range of <\/p>\n<p>numbers, which we <\/p>\n<p>refer to as \u2018value\u2019 at <\/p>\n<p>the end of our report.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 17Canadian Property Valuation                                                      \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Property appraisal is an important component in<br \/>\nthe loan assessment process. The most common<br \/>\ntool used for risk management is the appraisal<br \/>\nreport, particularly key areas of the report such <\/p>\n<p>as the remaining economic life and condition of<br \/>\nthe property. For example, underwriters may<br \/>\nmatch up a loan\u2019s amortization period with the<br \/>\nremaining economic life estimates from the <\/p>\n<p>property appraisal to make sure the life of the<br \/>\nproperty is longer than the life of the loan. The<br \/>\nappraiser\u2019s description of the condition or quality<br \/>\nof a certain aspect of a property may raise a red<br \/>\nflag to the underwriter if the condition is rated<br \/>\n\u2018poor\u2019 rather than \u2018good,\u2019 as it may represent a<br \/>\nrisk to the lender.<\/p>\n<p>Automated underwriting has streamlined<br \/>\nthe mortgage process by providing analysis of<br \/>\ncredit and loan terms in minutes rather than<br \/>\ndays. For borrowers, it reduces the amount of<br \/>\ndocumentation needed and may even require no<br \/>\ndocumentation of employment, income, assets, <\/p>\n<p>Underwriter risk requirements<br \/>\nversus good appraisal practice<br \/>\n      The conflict and how to address it<\/p>\n<p>Mortgage underwriting in Canada is the process a lender<br \/>\nuses to determine if the risk of offering a mortgage loan to a<br \/>\nborrower under certain parameters is acceptable. To help the<br \/>\nunderwriter assess the quality of the loan, banks and lenders<br \/>\ncreate guidelines and even computer models that analyze the<br \/>\nvarious aspects of the mortgage and provide recommendations<br \/>\nregarding the risks involved.<\/p>\n<p>By Daniel Jones, AACI<\/p>\n<p>This article is reprinted with permission from INPUT magazine published by the Real Estate Institute of British Columbia (Volume 40 Number 1).<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contentsCanadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada18<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>or even the value of the property. Automated<br \/>\nunderwriting tailors the amount of necessary<br \/>\ndocumentation in proportion to the risk of the<br \/>\nloan. It is more common to see the use of such<br \/>\nautomated valuation models (AvMs) when<br \/>\nthe underwriting is looking to low loan-to-<br \/>\nvalue ratios. However, it is still always up to<br \/>\nthe underwriter to make the final decision on<br \/>\nwhether to approve or decline a loan.<\/p>\n<p>Appraisal is key to high-risk loans<br \/>\nWhen the underwriter or lender determines<br \/>\nthat the loan-to-value ratio is higher and thus<br \/>\nhas an increased risk, a full appraisal report is<br \/>\nrequired. The appraisal report is completed by a<br \/>\nqualified appraiser, sent out to view and assess<br \/>\nthe subject property, undertaking a full and<br \/>\ncomplete appraisal report describing in writing<br \/>\neverything from the city and neighbourhood<br \/>\ndemographics and local city bylaws to the more<br \/>\ndirect description of the land being considered<br \/>\nfor collateral and the residence or building that is<br \/>\naffixed to the land.<\/p>\n<p>Many lenders in Canada, including banks,<br \/>\ncredit unions, trust companies and brokerage<br \/>\nhouses, utilize the services of an appraisal<br \/>\nmanagement company (AMC). The AMC<br \/>\nperforms independent appraisal services, thereby<br \/>\nremoving any direct link between appraiser,<br \/>\napplicant, and the lending party. The many<br \/>\nservices AMCs provide also include underwriting<br \/>\nservices and risk management on the loans<br \/>\nhanded out by financial institutions. The<br \/>\nappraiser today must also be aware that many<br \/>\nof the new AMCs now scan or mine information<br \/>\nfrom uploaded appraisal reports to provide<br \/>\nlenders with additional risk management tools<br \/>\nthat help underwriters make the most prudent<br \/>\ndecisions they can when deciding on a loan<br \/>\napplication. <\/p>\n<p>Experienced appraisers find themselves<br \/>\nhaving to be cognizant of each lending<br \/>\ninstitution\u2019s Terms of Reference\u2014the document<br \/>\ndescribing the minimum content requirements <\/p>\n<p>of the appraisal report and the characteristics<br \/>\nof comparable sales used to determine a final<br \/>\nestimate of value. For example, a common Terms<br \/>\nof Reference (TOR) includes:<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t photographs\tof\tall\tinterior\trooms\tof\tthe\t<\/p>\n<p>dwelling;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t maps\tdepicting\tthe\tsubject\tproperty\tand\t<\/p>\n<p>comparable sales relied upon in the appraisal<br \/>\nreport;, both of which are long-establishesal<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t photos\tof\tthe\tfronting\tstreet\tlooking\tboth<br \/>\nways, the front and rear of the dwelling, and<br \/>\nrear yard views;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t complete\tdescription\tof\tany\tinternal\tinfluences<br \/>\nregarding quality and condition and a full<br \/>\ninventory of what is inside the dwelling;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t comments\tregarding\tfloor\tplan,\tsizes,\tand<br \/>\nany positive or negative impacts found by the<br \/>\nappraiser; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t comments\ton\tany\texternal\tinfluences\twhich<br \/>\nmay affect the property value, noted clearly<br \/>\nand then accounted for in the final valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Where the conflict lies<br \/>\nThe above are just a few examples of TOR<br \/>\nrequirements provided by financial institutions to<br \/>\nstructure appraisal reports. The high standards<br \/>\nare generally in concert with the standards<br \/>\npracticed by BC appraisers who follow Canadian<br \/>\nUniform Standards of Professional Appraisal<br \/>\nPractice (CUSPAP) and in reality meet the lender\u2019s<br \/>\nTOR most of the time. However, appraisers<br \/>\nsometimes find themselves in conflict with<br \/>\ngood appraisal practice when they are asked<br \/>\nby a lender\u2019s TOR to meet certain underwriting<br \/>\nrequirements. Examples of this conflict occur<br \/>\nwhere the following criteria are asked for, but the <\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 19<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>appraiser finds that the best sale comparables do<br \/>\nnot meet these criteria:<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t sale\tcomparables\tused\tby\tthe\tappraiser\tshould\t<\/p>\n<p>not exceed 20\u201325% of the net adjusted<br \/>\namount or the sale price after all adjustments;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t land\tvalue\tof\tthe\tsubject\tproperty\tshould\tnot<br \/>\nexceed 25% of the total market value;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t appraised\tvalue\tshould\tbe\tbracketed\tby<br \/>\nunadjusted comparable sales of which one is<br \/>\nbelow the appraised value and at least one is<br \/>\nhigher than the appraised value;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t comparable\tsales\tused\tto\tsupport\tthe<br \/>\nappraised value should not have occurred<br \/>\nlonger than 90 days since the date of appraisal;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t seven-year\tsale\tand\tlisting\thistory\tof\tthe\tsubject<br \/>\nproperty is to be included in the report (three<br \/>\nyears is standard and is a requirement of CUSPAP<br \/>\nthat is used by most appraisal firms); and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t sales\tof\tall\thomes\ton\tthe\tsame\tstreet\tas\tthe<br \/>\nsubject property over the past year (not a<br \/>\nCUSPAP requirement).<\/p>\n<p>Many of the above TOR requirements find their<br \/>\nway into the appraiser\u2019s report during strong<br \/>\neconomic cycles in urban areas where high<br \/>\nvolumes of real estate are being consumed with <\/p>\n<p>high demand and adequate supply. The more<br \/>\nhomogeneous the real estate is and the more<br \/>\nvolume of that type of property there is in the<br \/>\nmarketplace, the easier it is for the appraiser to<br \/>\nmeet the lender\u2019s underwriting criteria.<\/p>\n<p>An example of an appraiser finding that he or<br \/>\nshe is in conflict with TOR requirements would be<br \/>\nwhen dealing with a unique or out-of-the-box<br \/>\nproperty, especially during a slower real estate<br \/>\nmarket. The more unique a property, the more<br \/>\nconflict there is with the appraiser attempting to<br \/>\nmeet the underwriter\u2019s requirements while at the<br \/>\nsame time producing a report that employs best<br \/>\npractices by using the very best sale comparables<br \/>\nfrom a real estate point of view and not a<br \/>\nfinancial risk point of view.<\/p>\n<p>How to solve the conflict<br \/>\nThe usual approach our appraisal firm takes to<br \/>\nmitigate such conflict uses three steps. First, we<br \/>\ngain an intimate understanding of the TOR of<br \/>\neach lender. This is necessary because lenders<br \/>\nvary in their TOR requirements depending on<br \/>\nwhat type of lending they perform. Second,<br \/>\nwe find the very best comparables (from a <\/p>\n<p>real estate appraisal point of view) for the first<br \/>\nthree sale comparables selected. Third, we<br \/>\nselect the next three comparables to meet<br \/>\nthe underwriting requirements. This way, the<br \/>\nappraiser can satisfy the lender and CUSPAP<br \/>\nrequirements and ultimately provide the most<br \/>\nprofessional appraisal report possible.<\/p>\n<p>Appraisers today must not only be experts<br \/>\nin the real estate they appraise, but also must be<br \/>\non top of the latest in risk rules and underwriting<br \/>\nrequirements that vary from lender to lender.<br \/>\nAppraisers who strive to achieve this professional<br \/>\nbalance will find that they are achieving best<br \/>\npractices that satisfy not only their professional<br \/>\nassociation, but also the lender and the general<br \/>\npublic as well.<\/p>\n<p>About the author<br \/>\nDaniel Jones, AACI is President of Campbell &#038;<br \/>\nPound Residential Appraisals Ltd. and the majority<br \/>\nshareholder\/partner of Campbell &#038; Pound<br \/>\nCommercial, both of which are long-established<br \/>\nappraisal and real estate consulting firms serving<br \/>\nBC\u2019s Lower Mainland, Sea to Sky Corridor and<br \/>\nFraser valley since 1939. <\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contentsCanadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada20<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>By David Enns, AACI<\/p>\n<p>and<br \/>\nEasEmEnts  <\/p>\n<p>agricultural  <\/p>\n<p>land<br \/>\nrevisited<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 21<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>EasEmEnts and right-of-ways<br \/>\nEasements represent an interest in real prop-<br \/>\nerty that is less than fee simple ownership. An<br \/>\neasement is defined as a right acquired by an<br \/>\nindividual (or a group or a corporation) to use<br \/>\nsomeone else\u2019s land for a special or particular<br \/>\npurpose. While they can be created for a<br \/>\nnumber of reasons, they often involve pipe-<br \/>\nlines, pole lines, or drainage ditches. A right-<br \/>\nof-way is a particular type of easement that<br \/>\ngrants an individual (or a group) the right or<br \/>\nthe privilege to pass over the land of another.<br \/>\nUsually, but not always, the right-of-way (as<br \/>\nwith other easements), takes the form of a<br \/>\nstrip of land with clearly defined boundaries.1<\/p>\n<p> Easements can certainly impact property<br \/>\nvalues. A single easement or several easements<br \/>\nover a tract of land can limit or eliminate<br \/>\nthe choice of building sites and, thus, have a<br \/>\nnegative affect on a property\u2019s market value.<br \/>\nEasements for pipelines and power lines can<br \/>\nbe contencious, for reasons far beyond a right<br \/>\nof use, as we saw with Canada\u2019s proposed <\/p>\n<p>Keystone pipeline running through Nebraska.<br \/>\nOur interest here, however, is the effect on <\/p>\n<p>the market value of farmland that is subject to<br \/>\nan easement. Property owners are compen-<br \/>\nsated for the loss of rights associated with the<br \/>\ngranting of an easement, but do they really<br \/>\naffect the market value of such a property? <\/p>\n<p>Background<br \/>\nSome time ago, an article was published in<br \/>\nCanadian Appraiser magazine that dealt with<br \/>\nthe issue of power line and pipeline ease-<br \/>\nments and their effect on the market value of<br \/>\nagricultural farmland.2 <\/p>\n<p>In that article, it was observed that, if these<br \/>\neasements were to negatively affect market<br \/>\nvalue at the time of easement acquisition,<br \/>\nthen they should do so at the time of resale. If<br \/>\nthat is the case, then apprasiers should make<br \/>\nadjustments when conducting appraisals<br \/>\non properties that are subject to such ease-<br \/>\nments. Indeed, Appraisal Standard Rule 6.2.9<br \/>\nof CUSPAP requires that appraisers consider<br \/>\nthe effect of easements, as they might affect<br \/>\nmarket value.3 <\/p>\n<p>One conclusion in that article, based on a<br \/>\nnumber of sales of farmland in Lancaster Town-<br \/>\nship (Glengarry County, Ont.), was that vacant<br \/>\nfarmland subject to such easements does not<br \/>\nsuffer a negative effect on market value. <\/p>\n<p>The method used to support that conclu-<br \/>\nsion was an examination of sales of vacant (tile<br \/>\ndrained) farmland both with and without such<br \/>\neasements. <\/p>\n<p>PairEd salEs<br \/>\nand markEt EvidEncE<br \/>\nIn a perfect world, a generous number of<br \/>\npaired sales4 would be the best market evi-<br \/>\ndence to draw such a conclusion, however, the<br \/>\nsales used in that study were not truly \u2018paired<br \/>\nsales.\u2019 Paired sales involve the sale of two<br \/>\nproperties whose characteristics are highly<br \/>\nsimilar. The only difference between them is<br \/>\nthe passage of time. Paired sales can also be<br \/>\nused to support other adjustments, if there<br \/>\nare sales of two properties at the same time <\/p>\n<p>PHOTOCOPY OF THE AERIAL PHOTO<br \/>\nParcels 1 and 2 have frontage on their east<br \/>\nside, along the same travelled road, and<br \/>\nparcel 1 also has frontage on the north side.<br \/>\nParcels 2 and 3 have frontage on a travelled<br \/>\nroad between them. Parcels 3 and 5 are<br \/>\nseparated by an abandoned rail line. The<br \/>\napproximate location of the power line is<br \/>\nshown by the orange dotted line.<br \/>\nImage is courtesy of Google Earth \u00a9.<\/p>\n<p>whose characteristics are highly similar except<br \/>\nfor one feature. The difference in sale price<br \/>\nwould be attributable to the different feature<br \/>\n(such as soil type or location). Generally, the<br \/>\nmarket needs to be active (a large number of<br \/>\nsales) and also deep (a high degree of similar-<br \/>\nity among properties) to find paired sales. This<br \/>\nis certainly not true of agricultural markets and<br \/>\nmany other markets.<\/p>\n<p>As an aside, in a proper mathematical<br \/>\nsense, the appraiser needs one more compara-<br \/>\nble sale than the number of adjustments being<br \/>\nmade.5 This fact is often ignored in discussions<br \/>\nabout paired sales, but the reason is obvious<br \/>\non reflection. If an identical property (to the<br \/>\nsubject) had just sold at almost the same time<br \/>\nas the effective date (hence no time adjust-<br \/>\nment was required), no adjustment would be<br \/>\nwarranted to that comparable to reflect the<br \/>\nmarket value of the subject. If another almost<br \/>\nidentical property had also just sold but had<br \/>\none different feature (say building age), then<br \/>\nthe different feature would explain the differ-<br \/>\nent sale price and, of course, it would support<br \/>\nthe adjustment for the difference in age. Now<br \/>\nwe have two sales and one adjustment. For<br \/>\nyet another adjustment, another paired sale is<br \/>\nrequired and so on. <\/p>\n<p>In our investigation of easements and farm-<br \/>\nland, while we have found a number of sales of<br \/>\nsimilar parcels of farmland, with and without<br \/>\nsuch easements, selling for similar amounts per<br \/>\nacre (the benchmark for agricultural farmland),<br \/>\nnone have been truly paired sales. For example,<br \/>\nin Finch Township (about 50 kilometres south-<br \/>\neast of Ottawa) in early 2010, we investigated<br \/>\na sale of 200 acres of farmland that sold for<br \/>\n$1,000,000 or $5,000\/acre. We recorded the<br \/>\nsale with the following notation: <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis Index represents the sale of vacant<br \/>\nfarmland (the worked area was tiled at the<br \/>\ntime of purchase). The cash crop purchaser was<br \/>\nadding to his holdings, but did not reside or<br \/>\nown farmland in the immediate area. Based on<br \/>\na review of the soil map for Stormont County,<br \/>\nthe soil is a mixture of Wolford loam and Carp<br \/>\nclay loam. The land base was all clear, there <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada22<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>were no buildings or bush, and there was one<br \/>\nfield. The property was subject to a power<br \/>\nline easement (there is one steel transmission<br \/>\ntower on this property). This sale was dis-<br \/>\ncussed with the buyer.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>There were a few sales of farmland in Finch<br \/>\nTownship in that year that would support the<br \/>\nconclusion that the powerline easement had<br \/>\nno effect on the market value of the farmland.<br \/>\nHowever, none of these sales was a paired<br \/>\nsale. There would always be some factor that<br \/>\ncould have affected the sale price. Perhaps the<br \/>\n\u2019other\u2019 farmland, although it sold for a similar<br \/>\nprice per acre without an easement, was a<br \/>\ndifferent soil type, or it was tile drained, or the<br \/>\npurchaser owned adjacent farmland (and paid<br \/>\na premium for location) and on and on.<\/p>\n<p>thE salE<br \/>\nIn early 2011, in a rural area in Eastern Ontario,<br \/>\nthe author investigated a sale of about 259 <\/p>\n<p>acres of farmland, including some brush<br \/>\nareas, that sold for $1,830,000 (registered<br \/>\n04\/29\/2011). While there were a total of five<br \/>\nparts (5 PINs), the five parcels were in three<br \/>\ngroups separated by a travelled road and a<br \/>\nformer rail line. This separation can be seen<br \/>\nin the accompanying aerial photo. The sale was<br \/>\nregistered under two documents for the stated<br \/>\ntotal amount of $1,830,000. While the overall<br \/>\nprice was about $7,000\/acre, it is inappropriate to<br \/>\nuse that benchmark for each parcel because there<br \/>\nwas some brush on two of the five properties<br \/>\n(parcels 4 and 5), and one of the properties with<br \/>\nsome brush cover also required tile drainage<br \/>\nwork (parcel 5). As an aside, since the date of the<br \/>\nsale, all of the brush has been removed and all of<br \/>\nthe tile work has been completed. <\/p>\n<p>land usE controls<br \/>\nand highEst and BEst usE<br \/>\nAll of the land was designated as being in an <\/p>\n<p>Agricultural Resource Area under the appro-<br \/>\npriate official plan, and it was also zoned as<br \/>\nagricultural. It had been rented and used as<br \/>\nfarmland for a number of years, and, although<br \/>\nnear Ottawa, it was not close to a village or a<br \/>\nbuilt up urban area for there to be a specula-<br \/>\ntive interest in the property at this time.<br \/>\nAccordingly, in terms of legal constraints and also<br \/>\nhighest and best use, the five properties were<br \/>\nidentical. Given the definition of highest and best<br \/>\nuse,6 it is appropriate at this point to ask if the<br \/>\nhighest and best use of this property is farmland.<br \/>\nThe answer is yes, without question. <\/p>\n<p>sErvicEs<br \/>\nWhile services might impact the value of farm-<br \/>\nland, usually this is not a factor because of the<br \/>\nlower order intensity of use. With the excep-<br \/>\ntion of parcel 5, the services, such as electrical<br \/>\npower, were idential (although not required<br \/>\nat the time). Parcel 5, which was not under <\/p>\n<p>Parcel no. Acres +\/-Cult.             Uncult.<br \/>\nPresent<\/p>\n<p>use Topography Soil type<br \/>\nNo. of<br \/>\nfields<\/p>\n<p>Tiled<br \/>\nacres Nature of easement<\/p>\n<p>estimated sale<br \/>\nprice per acre<\/p>\n<p>1 76 Crops Level Castor fine sandy loam 1 76<br \/>\nPower line + <\/p>\n<p>tower $7,375<\/p>\n<p>2 53 Crops Level Castor fine sandy loam 2 53 Power line $7,375<\/p>\n<p>3 62 Crops Level Castor fine sandy loam 3 62 None $7,375<\/p>\n<p>4 8 Bush Level Castor fine sandy loam &#8211; &#8211; None $5,275*<\/p>\n<p>5 53 7 Crops Bush Level<br \/>\nCastor fine<br \/>\nsandy loam 3<\/p>\n<p>See note<br \/>\nbelow None<\/p>\n<p>$6,475*<br \/>\n$5,275*<\/p>\n<p>Total<br \/>\nacres        244       +       15    = 259                                                                                                                    Total sale price (rounded) $1,830,000<\/p>\n<p>PARCELs 1 TO 5 \u2013 THE LAND BAsE AND sITE ImPROVEmENTs<\/p>\n<p>Note: The colour coded cells represent differences among the parcels (namely the two areas with easements). <\/p>\n<p>*The adjustment for the non-tiled portion (the 53 acres of parcel 5 that needed to be retiled) is based on the current cost to tile of about $900\/acre. The adustment to clear the brush and<br \/>\nthen tile drain the 15 acres (parcels 4 and 5) is based on an estimated cost of about $2,100\/acre ($1,200\/acre to clear and clean the brush and about $900\/acre to then tile the land). These<br \/>\nadjustments for the cost to tile and clear brush reflect about $79,000. Prior to the purchase, the buyer estimated the cost to be about $70,000. <\/p>\n<p>This price per acre allocation differs from the total allocation as recorded in the registry office since the recorded allocation was made for \u2018other\u2019 purposes and does not reflect the true nature<br \/>\nof the land base. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 23<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>consideration as part of a paired sale, had no<br \/>\nfrontage on a road, and it had no electricity. <\/p>\n<p>thE vEndor, PurchasEr,<br \/>\nand ownErshiP<br \/>\nIf one examines the two transfer instruments,<br \/>\nthe properties appear to have sold from differ-<br \/>\nent parties to different purchasers, however, as<br \/>\nis sometimes the case with sales, this does not<br \/>\ntell the whole story. The negotiations for the<br \/>\nsale took place between two individuals, and<br \/>\nalthough registered otherwise, the purchaser<br \/>\nand the vendor, for all intents and purposes,<br \/>\nwere the same.7 This is seldom the case with<br \/>\npaired sales, and it usually goes unoticed<br \/>\nbecause the emphasis is on the properties and<br \/>\nnot on the vendors or on the purchasers.8<\/p>\n<p>ParcEl charactEristics<br \/>\nEasements<br \/>\nOur interest is in parcels 1, 2, and 3 because<br \/>\nparcels 1 and 2 were crossed by an easement<br \/>\nfor a 230,000-volt powerline, while parcel 3 <\/p>\n<p>was not crossed by a powerline and was not<br \/>\nsubject to any easement. Parcel 1 had a single<br \/>\nsteel transmission tower, while parcel 2 was also<br \/>\ncrossed by the same power line but had no tower. <\/p>\n<p>In all other aspects, parcels 1, 2, and 3 were<br \/>\nalmost identical as described below. <\/p>\n<p>soil characteristics<br \/>\nDifferences in soil types (these differences can<br \/>\nrange from clay through loam to sandy soils)<br \/>\ncan influence soil productivity (both input<br \/>\ncosts and yields) and, therefore, influence the<br \/>\nmarket value of farmland. Heavy clay soils are<br \/>\nmore costly to work while lighter sandy soils<br \/>\nare easier work but will generally require more<br \/>\nfertilizer. <\/p>\n<p>The soil was identical on all of these parcels<br \/>\nand was a Castor fine sandy loam. This is a<br \/>\nstone-free soil and is considered to be a class<br \/>\n2 soil under the Soil Capability for Agriculture<br \/>\nIndex.9 Accordingly, parcels 1, 2, and 3 were<br \/>\nidentical in this important aspect. Parcels 4 and<br \/>\n5 also had this same soil type.<\/p>\n<p>site improvements<br \/>\nTile drainage allows earlier planting, and it also<br \/>\nresults in warmer soil. As with all soil types, the<br \/>\nsoil type found on these parcels (Castor very<br \/>\nfine sandy loam) needs tile drainage for best<br \/>\ncrop production. All of parcels 1, 2, and 3 were<br \/>\ntile drained with systematic tile at 40\u2019 spacing,<br \/>\nmaking them identical in this important aspect.<br \/>\nParcel 4 was covered with brush and parcel 5<br \/>\nhad some brush cover, and while it had some<br \/>\nrandom tile drainage, it needed to be retiled.<\/p>\n<p>topography<br \/>\nWhile farmland is often level, some farmland<br \/>\nis hilly. While this difference could be reflected<br \/>\nin the market value, more often than not, it is<br \/>\nreflected in the soil type (hilly areas usually<br \/>\nreflect a soil with a stone component that<br \/>\nfarmers wish to avoid). Parcels 1, 2, and 3 were<br \/>\nidentical in terms of topography and were level<br \/>\nparcels. Parcels 4 and 5 were also level. <\/p>\n<p>Parcel size<br \/>\nDifferences in parcel size can add to or detract<br \/>\nfrom the marketability of farmland, and it is<br \/>\ndifficult to definitively predict the effect this<br \/>\nmight have on market value. Less costly (in an<br \/>\noverall sense), small parcels can be added to<br \/>\nan expanding farm operation in the immedi-<br \/>\nate area, but they lack appeal to an expanding<br \/>\noperation located some distance away. A<br \/>\nlarger parcel, although more costly to purchase<br \/>\nbecause of its size, would appeal to a more dis-<br \/>\ntant farm operation in need of more farmland<br \/>\nbecause the economies of its larger size might<br \/>\noffset some of the extra travel costs. <\/p>\n<p>Parcels 1, 2, and 3, although not identical,<br \/>\nwere quite similar in size (76 acres, 53 acres,<br \/>\nand 62 acres). Since farmland sells on a per<br \/>\nacre basis, there is no known market data that<br \/>\nwould suggest that these different sizes would<br \/>\nwarrant different prices on a per acre basis. <\/p>\n<p>Parcel shape<br \/>\nMost farms in Southern Ontario were laid out<br \/>\nin rectangular configurations, and, as a result,<br \/>\nfields generally follow that same general<br \/>\npattern being either square or rectangular. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada24<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Exceptions might occur because of natural<br \/>\nfeatures, such as streams, ponds, or forced<br \/>\nroads. In one instance, for example, I encoun-<br \/>\ntered a sitution where an irregular parcel sold<br \/>\nfor about 10% less because a drainage ditch<br \/>\ncrossed the middle of a property and created<br \/>\ntwo triangular fields. <\/p>\n<p>Parcels 1, 2, and 3, however, were remarkably<br \/>\nsimilar in shape.<\/p>\n<p>number of fields<br \/>\nIn light of the ever increasing size of field machin-<br \/>\nery, cash crop farmers like large fields, as there is<br \/>\nless time wasted in turning. <\/p>\n<p>Although not identical in terms of the<br \/>\nnumber of fields (and hence field size), the field<br \/>\nsize was still quite similar on these parcels. Parcel<br \/>\n1 had one field, parcel 2 had two fields and parcel<br \/>\n3 had three fields at the time of sale. Indeed, with<br \/>\nvery minimal work, parcel 2 could also be made<br \/>\ninto one field, and parcel 3 could be made into<br \/>\ntwo fields by removing two fencelines. <\/p>\n<p>location<br \/>\nOften farmers will pay a premium for farmland<br \/>\nbecause of a close location to their home opera-<br \/>\ntion. In one recent instance, a farm operation<br \/>\nnear Winchester, ON paid about 40% above the<br \/>\nmarket for some additional farmland that was<br \/>\nalready surrounded on three sides by its existing<br \/>\nfarmland base. <\/p>\n<p>While no two properties can have an identical<br \/>\nlocation (each property is unique in space), par-<br \/>\ncels 1, 2, and 3 are also almost identical in terms<br \/>\nof their location. Parcels 1 and 2 are adjacent to<br \/>\none another, and parcel 3 is across a road from<br \/>\nparcels 1 and 2. The purchaser was not adjacent<br \/>\nto any of these parcels and was, in fact, located<br \/>\nabout 10 kilometres away so that the location of<br \/>\none parcel relative to the others had no bearing<br \/>\non the purchase price.<\/p>\n<p>road frontage<br \/>\nThe amount of road frontage is not significant in<br \/>\nterms of pricing farmland, as long as there is rea-<br \/>\nsonable access for field machinery. Even seasonal<br \/>\nroads (on a non-maintained road allowance) can<br \/>\nbe acceptable for access, and, in fact, quiet rural <\/p>\n<p>roads are preferred to busy roads. Parcels 1, 2,<br \/>\nand 3 had some frontage on a travelled (rural)<br \/>\nroad and would be considered as being identical<br \/>\nin this regard.<\/p>\n<p>thE nEarly \u2018PErfEct\u2019 PairEd salE<br \/>\nGiven this demonstrated high degree of similarity<br \/>\namong the three properties (parcels 1, 2, and 3),<br \/>\nit seems reasonable to consider them as paired<br \/>\nsales. For all intents and purposes, the three<br \/>\nparcels are nearly identical in terms of soil type,<br \/>\ntile drainage, topography, field shape, field size,<br \/>\nand location. Certainly, they are identical in terms<br \/>\nof the attributes that impact on market value,<br \/>\nand they all sold for the same price per acre.<\/p>\n<p>They do differ in that two are subject to a<br \/>\npower line easement (parcels 1 and 2) and one<br \/>\nwas not (parcel 3), however, they showed no<br \/>\ndifference in sale price.<\/p>\n<p>conclusions<br \/>\nThese sales support the conclusion that farmland,<br \/>\nsubject to this type of easement, does not suffer<br \/>\na change in market value. Once the easement is<br \/>\nin place, it seems to be minimized. Based on this<br \/>\nsales analysis, the inconvenience of having to<br \/>\nwork around a tower, such as the one on parcel 1,<br \/>\ndoes not appear to influence the market value of<br \/>\nthe surrounding farmland. <\/p>\n<p>Just as one sale does not make a market,<br \/>\none \u2018perfect\u2019 paired sale is not conclusive for all<br \/>\nsuch easments. But in this instance, it supports<br \/>\nthe conclusion that no adjustment for such<br \/>\neasements would be warranted in appraising<br \/>\nfarmland until we have other market evidence to<br \/>\nthe contrary.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, within a farming area that is subject<br \/>\nto some urban influence, this conclusion might be<br \/>\ndifferent if there was a potential for a change in<br \/>\nland use to a higher order, and an easement of this<br \/>\nnature was hindering such a change.<\/p>\n<p>EndnotEs:<br \/>\n1  See Principles of Right of Way Acquisition, The <\/p>\n<p>American Right of Way Association, 1972, pp.<br \/>\n27-28 (a right-of-way can be over a whole<br \/>\nproperty and not just a portion)<\/p>\n<p>2  J. D. Enns, AACI, Easements and Agricultural <\/p>\n<p>Land Values, The Canadian Appraiser, Fall<br \/>\n2000, pp. 22-25<\/p>\n<p>3  See Appraisal Standard Rule 6.2.9 CUSPAP 2011<br \/>\nEdition, and Appraisal Standard \u2013 Comments<br \/>\n7.10, Characteristics of the Property, 7.10.1v<br \/>\n\u201cany known or apparent title restrictions, ease-<br \/>\nments.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>4  See Appraisal Institute of Canada, Use of Compa-<br \/>\nrables Bulletin CP \u2013 17, March 1996, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p>5  R. H. Zerbst, A Caution on the Adjustment of<br \/>\nComparable Sales, The Real Estate Appraiser,<br \/>\nNovember, December 1977.<\/p>\n<p>6 A property\u2019s present use will more likely rep-<br \/>\nresent highest and best use in a stable market<br \/>\nthan in a transitional market. The highest and<br \/>\nbest use has also been defined as \u2018the most<br \/>\nprobable use.<\/p>\n<p>7  Two of the parcels sold from an individual (A)<br \/>\nto a couple (B), while three of the parcels sold<br \/>\nfrom a couple (that included individual A) to a<br \/>\nlimited company (C). The two purchasers (B)<br \/>\nof parcel 1 and 5, however, also owned the<br \/>\nlimited company (C \u2013 the other purchaser)<br \/>\nthat purchased parcels 2, 3, and 4. As indi-<br \/>\ncated, the negotiations for the sale took place<br \/>\nbetween two individuals so that the purchaser<br \/>\nfor all five parcels was really the same and the<br \/>\nvendor for all five parcels was also the same. <\/p>\n<p>8 For some paired sales, the purchaser can<br \/>\nbecome the vendor on a resale, but usually<br \/>\nthey are different parties with perhaps dif-<br \/>\nferent motivations giving rise to some doubt<br \/>\nabout the validity of this tool.<\/p>\n<p>9  See Soil Capability For Agriculture, Canada<br \/>\nLand Inventory, Ottawa 31 G, Department of<br \/>\nthe Environment, 1967. The index ranges from<br \/>\n1 to 7 where Class 1 soil has no significant<br \/>\nlimitations in terms of crop use to Class 7 soil<br \/>\nthat has no capability for arable culture or<br \/>\npermanent pasture.<\/p>\n<p>aBout thE author<br \/>\nDavid Enns, B.Sc. Agr., M. B. A., AACI, is<br \/>\nfounder and now a senior appraiser at Enns,<br \/>\nMacEachern, Pace, Maloney &#038; Associates Inc.,<br \/>\nwhich is a full-service real estate appraisal<br \/>\nfirm servicing Eastern Ontario. He can be<br \/>\nreached at www.empm.ca. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 25<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kKE0qgPFvA\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/empm.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Enns, MacEachern, Pace, Maloney &amp; Associates Inc.\" src=\"https:\/\/empm.ca\/embed\/#?secret=xau0ugx0Qu#?secret=kKE0qgPFvA\" data-secret=\"kKE0qgPFvA\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>While there are recognized and well-established valuation methods and<br \/>\ntechniques, the application of a particular valuation procedure to resolve<br \/>\na ground lease problem is always a function of the language contained in<br \/>\nthe ground lease \u2013 in particular, the rent reset clause \u2013 and any constraints<br \/>\nimposed by the quality and quantity of available market data. Problem<br \/>\nidentification always starts with a thorough reading of the lease, paying<br \/>\nparticular attention to relevant provisions, definitions, and descriptions of<br \/>\nterms essential to the valuation process.<\/p>\n<p>All opinions of value involve some aspect of real estate law. In specialized<br \/>\nareas, such as ground lease valuation, an awareness of relevant case law is<br \/>\nparamount in developing and applying appropriate valuation methods. A<br \/>\nbasic understanding of contract law and an ability to interpret various legal<br \/>\ndocuments, including leases, are important. Appraisal assignments involving<br \/>\npotential arbitration and litigation often require the guidance of legal coun-<br \/>\nsel. Conflicting interpretations of lease provisions at the time of rent review<br \/>\noften lead to divergent and irreconcilable opinions of value, and resolution<br \/>\nof a ground lease valuation dispute may require the court\u2019s intervention and<br \/>\nguidance.<\/p>\n<p> Ground leases<br \/>\nA ground lease is an enforceable contract that creates a lessor\u2019s interest and<br \/>\na lessee\u2019s interest in a legally defined parcel of land, where virtually all of the<br \/>\nincidents of ownership are transferred from the landowner to the lessee for<br \/>\nthe entire term of the ground lease. The landowner retains the reversionary<br \/>\ninterest in the land realizable upon expiration of the ground lease. The les-<br \/>\nsor\u2019s interest is known as the \u2018leased fee\u2019 interest, while the tenant\u2019s interest<br \/>\nis referred to as the \u2018leasehold\u2019 interest. Both the lessor and the lessee enjoy<br \/>\nrights and privileges and are subject to obligations and restrictions, as<br \/>\nagreed upon and spelled out in the executed ground lease, and which the<br \/>\ncourts strictly interpret. <\/p>\n<p>A ground lease is variously defined as follows:<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t a\tlease\tof\tvacant\tland,\tor\tland\texclusive\tof\tany\tbuildings\ton\tit,\tor\tunim-<\/p>\n<p>proved real property \u2013 usually a net lease;1<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t usually\ta\tlong-term\tlease\tof\tland\twith\tthe\tlessee\tpermitted\tto\timprove\tor<br \/>\nbuild on the land and to enjoy those benefits for the term of the lease;2 or<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t a\tlease\tthat\tgrants\tthe\tright\tto\tuse\tand\toccupy\tland.\tImprovements\tmade\t<\/p>\n<p>By Tony Sevelka, AACI<br \/>\nReprinted with permission from The Appraisal Journal (2011, Fall) \u00a92011 by the Appraisal Institute, Chicago, Illinois. All Rights Reserved.<\/p>\n<p>by the ground lessee typically revert to the ground lessor at the end of<br \/>\nthe lease term.3<\/p>\n<p>Aside from the financial benefits available to the landowner for entering<br \/>\ninto a long-term lease, there must be sufficient financial incentive (reward)<br \/>\nfor a prospective lessee (developer) to commit time, effort, and capital into<br \/>\nundertaking site and building improvements, and marketing the finished<br \/>\nproduct, if the developer is not an end user. The lease term must be of a<br \/>\nsufficient length so the prospective lessee (developer) can amortize or<br \/>\nrecapture his or her investment. Moreover, the term of the ground lease<br \/>\nmust be of sufficient length to allow the lessee (developer) to obtain third-<br \/>\nparty leasehold mortgage financing on terms and conditions that make the<br \/>\nproposed development financially feasible and to accommodate sub-tenant<br \/>\noccupancy leases. Sometimes, the length of the ground lease is tied to the<br \/>\nexpected economic life of the proposed leasehold improvements.<\/p>\n<p>A leasehold interest in unimproved land is less valuable than the cor-<br \/>\nresponding freehold interest in the same land. Likewise, a 99-year lease<br \/>\nwill have a value much higher than a 40-year lease, relative to the freehold<br \/>\nvalue of the same land. The degree of relativity, expressed as a percentage<br \/>\nof the freehold value, will vary between one type of property and another<br \/>\nand from area to area, with the predominant factor being the length of the <\/p>\n<p>rent reset valuation issues (PART I)<br \/>\nGround leASeS: <\/p>\n<p>NOTE: A complete version of this article, including both Part I and Part II can be viewed on the Appraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\nwebsite at http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/cmsPage.aspx?id=168<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada26<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/cmsPage.aspx?id=168<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>term, especially in a mortgage-dependent market. Over time, the value of a<br \/>\nleasehold position gets progressively less as the lease approaches the expi-<br \/>\nration date, when the income from existing or future sub-tenant occupan-<br \/>\ncies ceases and the land (including existing leasehold improvements) reverts<br \/>\nto the freeholder (landowner).4<\/p>\n<p> rent reset clauses<br \/>\nRent reset clauses provide the mechanism to adjust the ground rent payable<br \/>\nby the lessee at predetermined intervals throughout the life of a long-term<br \/>\nground lease. In Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council v. Host Group Ltd.,5<br \/>\nthe court describes the mechanism and objective of rent review clauses, and<br \/>\nthe role of the appraiser:<\/p>\n<p>The means by which rent review clauses afford landlords relief in respect<br \/>\nof increases in property values or falls in the value of money is by providing,<br \/>\nnormally, for a valuer, in default of agreement, to assess the up-to-date rent<br \/>\nfor the demised premises at successive review dates. In making that assess-<br \/>\nment, the valuer will be achieving the intended purpose of keeping the rent in<br \/>\nline with current property values, having regard to the current value of money<br \/>\nif, but only if, he assesses the up-to-date rent on the same terms (other than as<br \/>\nto the quantum of rent) as the terms still subsisting between the parties under<br \/>\nthe actual, existing lease. <\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, the parties to a ground lease are free to deviate from reality<br \/>\nand structure a rent reset clause in any manner they deem appropriate, even<br \/>\nif the basis for determining rent bears no relationship to what has actually<br \/>\nbeen leased or to any of the other subsisting clauses in the ground lease,<br \/>\nincluding the remaining term of the lease.6 Also, there is no prescribed<br \/>\nlength of time between rent reviews, which largely depends on the length<br \/>\nof the overall term of the ground lease. Generally, ground leases with terms<br \/>\nless than 40 years have scheduled rental payments established at the com-<br \/>\nmencement of the lease that cover the entire term of the ground lease. <\/p>\n<p>Development on leased land for which ground rents have not been<br \/>\npredetermined is difficult to finance. Ground rent payments, unless specifi-<br \/>\ncally subordinated, take priority over any mortgage payments associated<br \/>\nwith leasehold improvements. Unless ground rents are fixed throughout<br \/>\nthe term of the ground lease, the mortgage lender has no practical way of<br \/>\nprotecting its financial interest against unanticipated spikes in future ground<br \/>\nrent payments that may overwhelm the earning capacity of the leasehold<br \/>\nimprovements and cause the lessee to default on the ground lease, putting<br \/>\nthe leasehold mortgagee at financial risk. Many lenders refuse to underwrite<br \/>\nloans for leasehold improvements unless the ground rent has been prepaid<br \/>\nor the amount of ground rent can be reasonably ascertained throughout <\/p>\n<p>the entire term of the ground lease and sustained by the potential income<br \/>\ngenerated from sub-tenant occupancies. <\/p>\n<p>Leasehold mortgagees are extremely cautious and apply conservative<br \/>\nunderwriting standards that typically require repayment of self-liquidating<br \/>\nmortgage loans at least 10 years before the expiration of the existing lease<br \/>\nterm. Leases whose unexpired terms are less than 20 years are generally not<br \/>\nconsidered suitable for mortgage financing. Leasehold mortgages, as com-<br \/>\nmercial mortgage-backed securities, also carry greater financial risk. <\/p>\n<p>Amortization of the costs of leasehold improvements requires that the<br \/>\nground lease be of a sufficient length for the lessee (developer) to recover<br \/>\nhis or her entire investment in the leasehold improvements while in pos-<br \/>\nsession of the land, which will revert to the landowner upon expiration of<br \/>\nthe ground lease. Depending on the use of the land and scale of develop-<br \/>\nment, amortization of major leasehold improvements, in most instances,<br \/>\nwill require a minimum of 40 years to permit the lessee (developer) to<br \/>\nrecover the investment and facilitate leasehold mortgage financing; most<br \/>\nlong-term leases run 50 to 99 years. Low-order uses, such as gas stations<br \/>\nand fast food outlets with low floor area ratios (FARs), may only require a<br \/>\n20-year ground lease. <\/p>\n<p> Highest and best use7<br \/>\nA rent reset clause may instruct an appraiser to ignore both the improve-<br \/>\nments and the lease itself, valuing the land in fee simple and as if unencum-<br \/>\nbered and available for ground-up development in perpetuity. This type of<br \/>\nrent reset clause facilitates an unrestricted highest and best use analysis,8<br \/>\nwhich may or may not result in the highest or most probable ground rent at<br \/>\nthe time the rent is to be reset. <\/p>\n<p>A restricted highest and best use analysis flowing from the provisions<br \/>\nof a lease that dictate a specific or limited number of uses (which may or<br \/>\nmay not be legally permissible under the land use controls prevailing at the<br \/>\ndate of the rent review) can result in rental payments that are either lower or<br \/>\nhigher than those achievable, based on an unrestricted highest and best use<br \/>\nanalysis. Similarly, where a lease dictates scale of development either less<br \/>\nthan or greater than permitted under the provisions of the prevailing land<br \/>\nuse controls, it too leads to a restricted highest and best use analysis, and<br \/>\ncan result in rental payments that are lower or higher than those achievable<br \/>\nbased on an unrestricted highest and best use analysis. <\/p>\n<p>A rent reset clause that fails to specifically state that the lease itself is to<br \/>\nbe ignored imposes time constraints on the investment horizon, resulting<br \/>\nin a restricted highest and best use analysis. The length of time remaining<br \/>\non the lease, including any extension of the lease term exercisable at the <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe parties to a ground lease are free to deviate from <\/p>\n<p>reality and structure a rent reset clause in any manner <\/p>\n<p>they deem appropriate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 27<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>discretion of the tenant at the time of the rent review, may cause some or all<br \/>\nof the uses permitted under the prevailing land use controls or those strictly<br \/>\ndictated by the lease to be financially infeasible for ground-up development.<br \/>\nThis results in rental payments lower than those achievable, based on an<br \/>\nunrestricted highest and best use analysis. In this sense, a ground lease is<br \/>\nsimilar to a space lease, whose length of occupancy available to the tenant<br \/>\nis determined by the term of the lease. In defining a ground lease valua-<br \/>\ntion problem in the context of highest and best use, the most critical and<br \/>\ninterrelated issues confronting the appraiser are as follows:<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t the\tidentification\tof\twhat\tis\tto\tbe\tappraised\t(i.e.,\tland\tonly\tor\tland\t<\/p>\n<p>and improvements), based on a thorough reading of the lease or as<br \/>\ninstructed by legal counsel;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tconstraints\tof\tthe\tlease,\tif\tany,\timposed\ton\thighest\tand\tbest\tuse<br \/>\nanalysis, to determine whether the valuation is of the fee simple inter-<br \/>\nest or of the estate for years,9 reflecting the period remaining on the<br \/>\nlease at the time of the rent review; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tlegally\tpermissible\tuse(s)\tgoverned\tby\tthe\tprevailing\tland\tuse<br \/>\ncontrols or the use(s) dictated by the language of the lease;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tscale\tof\tdevelopment\tlegally\tpermissible\tpursuant\tto\tthe\tprovisions<br \/>\nof the prevailing land use controls or the scale of development dictated<br \/>\nby the language of the lease;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tphysical\tconstraints\tof\tthe\tland,\tif\tany,\timposed\ton\tthe\tscale\tof\tdevel-<br \/>\nopment either legally permissible or dictated by the language of the lease;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tremaining\tterm\tof\tthe\tlease,\tincluding\tany\trenewal\toptions\texercis-<br \/>\nable at the discretion of the lessee; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t\t the\tmarketability\tand\tfinancial\tfeasibility\tof\tthe\tlegally\tpermissible<br \/>\nuse(s) or the use(s) dictated by the language of the lease, and achiev-<br \/>\nable in the context of the remaining term of the lease, including any<br \/>\nrenewal options available to the lessee.<\/p>\n<p> Market analysis<br \/>\nThrough supply and demand analysis, the appraiser identifies and tests the<br \/>\nlevel of market support for legally permissible and physically possible uses,<br \/>\nwhile recognizing any restrictions or constraints imposed by the lease. Suf-<br \/>\nficient market demand is a precursor of highest and best use analysis in the<br \/>\ncontext of financial feasibility of a particular use and scale of development <\/p>\n<p>that has passed the initial tests of legal permissibility and physical possibility.<br \/>\nFor example, in Michelson,10 insufficient demand for office space ren-<\/p>\n<p>dered the hypothetical development of an office tower on the leased land<br \/>\nunfeasible at the date of the rent review, reinforcing the critical role of supply<br \/>\nand demand in highest and best use analysis. The ground lease was for a<br \/>\nterm of 55 years, with the rent scheduled to be reset initially at the end of<br \/>\nthe 25th year of the lease term. The lease provided as follows: <\/p>\n<p>Upon the expiration of the twenty-fifth (25th) year &#8230; of the term of this<br \/>\nlease, the basic rental shall be adjusted to that sum which the lessor could<br \/>\nderive from said property if it were made available on the open market for new<br \/>\nleasing purposes for &#8230; [office] use (exclusive of the value of lessee\u2019s improve-<br \/>\nments thereon); <\/p>\n<p>On the date of the first rent review, the remainder of the initial lease term<br \/>\nwas 30 years, with the parties reaching consensus on the following issues: <\/p>\n<p>The parties agree the lease requires the rent adjustment, \u2018if any,\u2019 to be<br \/>\ndecided on the basis of a valuation of a hypothetical transaction. &#8230; First, it<br \/>\nmust be imagined the improvements to the property do not exist, because<br \/>\nthe rent for the property must be determined \u2018exclusive of the value of lessee\u2019s<br \/>\nimprovements thereon.\u2019 Second, the relevant question is the market valuation<br \/>\nof a new 55-year ground lease in 2002, with the same terms and conditions<br \/>\nas those contained in the original ground lease (other than an adjustment of<br \/>\ndates). This interpretation follows from the lease\u2019s directive to adjust the rent<br \/>\nbased on making the property available \u2018on the open market for new leasing<br \/>\npurposes&#8230;.\u2019 Neither party contends the lease demands a valuation of a 30-year<br \/>\nground lease (the remainder of the actual term), which would presumably<br \/>\nreduce the value of the leasehold. The parties stipulate that the only permit-<br \/>\nted use of the property in 2002 was for an office building similar in size to the<br \/>\nbuilding actually in existence. <\/p>\n<p>The rent adjustment clause called for an estimate of basic rent, but as no<br \/>\nprovision in the lease instructed the appraisers to assume a 55-year term,<br \/>\napplication of land residual analysis should have reflected an economic life<br \/>\nof 30 years for the hypothetical leasehold improvements, consistent with the<br \/>\nremaining term of the lease. The court considered what was the appropriate<br \/>\nvaluation methodology and what assumptions were appropriate in applying<br \/>\nthat methodology to the ground lease at issue. <\/p>\n<p>In Michelson, the landowner\u2019s appraiser relied on a land residual analysis<br \/>\nas a check against the freehold land value estimate derived from the sales<br \/>\ncomparison approach. The lessee\u2019s appraiser relied on land residual analysis<br \/>\nsolely to demonstrate a lack of financial feasibility stemming from a lack of<br \/>\ndemand for office space, a position supported by an absence of any new<br \/>\noffice development and an extremely high office vacancy rate in the local<br \/>\nmarket. The appeals court upheld the trial court\u2019s ruling that no increase in<br \/>\nbasic rent was warranted: <\/p>\n<p>We agree with Michelson that &#8230; [its appraiser\u2019s] approach measures<br \/>\nthe economic feasibility of the ground lease transaction proposed in the rent<br \/>\nadjustment provision. We further agree that the court was entitled to rely on<br \/>\na measurement of economic feasibility as a prerequisite to the assumption <\/p>\n<p>\u201cSufficient market demand is a <\/p>\n<p>precursor of highest and best use <\/p>\n<p>analysis in the context of financial <\/p>\n<p>feasibility of a particular use and <\/p>\n<p>scale of development that has passed <\/p>\n<p>the initial tests of legal permissibility <\/p>\n<p>and physical possibility.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada28<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>that a ground lease transaction would actually be consummated on the \u2018open<br \/>\nmarket.\u2019\u2026 [I]n the statement of facts, the cap rate used by the experts in<br \/>\ncalculating the feasibility of a ground lease at the property is issue determina-<br \/>\ntive&#8230;. The lease calls for an upward adjustment of rent if the rent that could be<br \/>\nderived exceeds $88,165. Using [the landowner\u2019s appraiser\u2019s] cost ($13,497,000)<br \/>\nand NOI (ignoring ground rent, $1,525,838) assumptions, the margin for<br \/>\npaying ground rent gradually evaporates upon increases in the assumed [build-<br \/>\ning] cap rate:<\/p>\n<p>[The lessee\u2019s appraiser\u2019s] methodology does not directly determine market rent;<br \/>\nit determines whether sufficient income would be generated to make the deal<br \/>\nrational for both the ground lessor and ground lessee. <\/p>\n<p> end noTeS<br \/>\n1  Black\u2019s Law Dictionary, Centennial Ed. (1891\u20131991), 6th ed., 704.<br \/>\n2  International valuation Standards (IvS) Glossary, in Appraisal Institute, Diction-<\/p>\n<p>ary of Real Estate Appraisal, 5th ed. (Chicago: Appraisal Institute, 2010), 249.<br \/>\n3  Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, 92.<br \/>\n4  In Canada, the Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) <\/p>\n<p>considers a 60-year land lease intended to accommodate residential use<br \/>\nas being equivalent to 75% of the value of outright ownership. See, http:\/\/<br \/>\nwww.cmhc-schl.gc.ca\/en\/inpr\/afhoce\/tore\/afhoid\/fite\/lale\/lale_001.cfm.<br \/>\nResearch conducted by Capozza and Sick indicated that 80-year to 90-year<br \/>\nprepaid land leases with single-family dwellings in the Salish Park area<br \/>\nof the City of vancouver, Canada, sold for a 20% to 40% discount from<br \/>\ncomparable fee-simple properties in the adjacent Dunbar and Kerrisdale<br \/>\nareas. See \u201cvaluing Long-Term Leases: The Option to Redevelop,\u201d Journal<br \/>\nof Real Estate Finance and Economics 4 (1991): 209.<\/p>\n<p>5  Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council v. Host Group Ltd., [1988] 1 WLR<br \/>\n348, 56 P&#038;CR 31, 284 EG.<\/p>\n<p>6  In McDonalds Real Estate Ltd Liability Partnership v. Arundel Corporation,<br \/>\n[2008] 2 EGLR 53, [2008] EWHC 377 (Ch), McDonalds entered into a<br \/>\n50-year ground lease for a 1.3-acre site in 1985 for the purpose of devel-<br \/>\noping its first drive-thru restaurant in the UK. The lease contains covenants<br \/>\nto comply with the Planning Acts and to use the demised premises only as<br \/>\na restaurant, together with ancillary office accommodation, storage, staff<br \/>\nfacilities, and car-parking space in connection therewith, or for such other <\/p>\n<p>retail uses the landlord might authorize, such authority not to be unrea-<br \/>\nsonably withheld or delayed. The rent is to be reset at five-year intervals<br \/>\nthroughout the term of the lease on the understanding that the second<br \/>\nmethod of estimating market rent at each rent review is to assume a term<br \/>\nof 20 years, regardless of the actual remaining term, and is to apply to<br \/>\nboth the land and a hypothetical \u201cmodern single-storey warehouse<br \/>\ncomprising 20,000 net useable square feet of which 15% were useable<br \/>\nas ancillary offices and constructed to a high standard in accordance<br \/>\nwith all statutory and other relevant consents with all usual amenities,<br \/>\nincluding adequate parking and loading facilities.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>7  Whether highest and best use analysis of land is undertaken on an<br \/>\nunrestricted or restricted basis, the highest and best use must still be<br \/>\nlegally permissible, physically possible, financially feasible, and maxi-<br \/>\nmally productive. Appraisal Institute, The Appraisal of Real Estate, 13th<br \/>\ned. (Chicago: Appraisal Institute, 2008), 278\u2013279. <\/p>\n<p>8  This is analogous to valuing a property as if vacant, unimproved, and<br \/>\nunencumbered, and, in the absence of a jurisdictional exception, may<br \/>\nrequire the appraiser to impose a hypothetical condition on the highest<br \/>\nand best use analysis.<\/p>\n<p>9 Also known as a \u2018tenancy for years,\u2019 and defined as \u201ca leasehold interest<br \/>\nin real estate established by a contract for possession for a specified<br \/>\nperiod of time.\u201d The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, 195. <\/p>\n<p>10  2151 Michelson, L.P., v. Corp. of The Presiding Bishop of The Church of Jesus<br \/>\nChrist of Latter-Day Saints, G039654, 2008 Cal. App. Unpub. LEXIS 10002.<\/p>\n<p> WeB ConneCTIonS<br \/>\nThe following Internet resources are suggested by the Y. T. and Louise Lee<br \/>\nLum Library:<br \/>\n\u2022\t National\tAssociation\tof\tRealtors,\tField\tGuide\tto\tGround\tLeases\t <\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.realtor.org\/library\/library\/fg410<br \/>\n\u2022\t National\tRetail\tProperties\tNet\tLease\tExchange\thttp:\/\/www.nnnex.com\/<br \/>\n\u2022\t NCREIF\u2014database\twith\tvaluation\/lease\tdata\tand\ttransaction\tdata\t <\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.ncreif.org\/data.aspx<br \/>\n\u2022\t Society\tof\tIndustrial\tand\tOffice\tRealtors\thttp:\/\/www.sior.com  <\/p>\n<p>Cap Rate (RB)<br \/>\n Feasibility Income to Support<br \/>\nResidual Construction Costs<\/p>\n<p>Ground Rent<\/p>\n<p>8.25% $1,113,502 $412,336<br \/>\n9% $1,214,730 $311,108<\/p>\n<p>9.70% $1,309,209 $216,629<br \/>\n10% $1,349,700 $176,138<br \/>\n11% $1,484,670 $41,168<br \/>\n15% $2,024,550 -$498,712<\/p>\n<p> ConTInued onlIne<br \/>\nTo read the remainder of this article, including:<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Testing\tthe\tlegal\tpermissibility\tof\tland\tas\tthough\tvacant;\u2022\t\t Testing\tthe\tfinancial\tfeasibility\tof\tland\tas\tthough\tvacant;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Financeability\tof\tleasehold\timprovements;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Distinguishing\tbetween\tmarket\tvalue\tand\tmarket\trent;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Considering\tthe\tremaining\tterms\tof\tlease;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Zoning\tchanges;<br \/>\n\u2022\t\t Appraisal\tprocedures;\tand\tmore;<br \/>\nplease visit http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/cmsPage.aspx?id=168<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 29<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca\/en\/inpr\/afhoce\/tore\/afhoid\/fite\/lale\/lale_001.cfm<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca\/en\/inpr\/afhoce\/tore\/afhoid\/fite\/lale\/lale_001.cfm<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.realtor.org\/library\/library\/fg410<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.nnnex.com\/<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.ncreif.org\/data.aspx<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.sior.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/cmsPage.aspx?id=168<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>By Simon J.h. Chin, AACI<br \/>\nMember, Marketing and Communications Committee<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \u2013 GET OUT THERE!<\/p>\n<p>Marketing and Communications<\/p>\n<p>marketing &#038; Communications<br \/>\nCommittee<br \/>\nLaura Kemp, CRA \u2013 Chair<br \/>\nJoanne Hayes, AACI<br \/>\nKathleen Ellis, AACI<br \/>\nLora Wylie, CRA<br \/>\nSimon Chin, AACI<br \/>\nRick Colbourne, AACI \u2013 Board Liaison<br \/>\nTo contact this committee, email:<br \/>\ncommunications@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>aving been a Candidate myself<br \/>\nand having watched others in the<br \/>\noffice, it is easy to understand the <\/p>\n<p>intricacy and struggles in obtaining the AACI<br \/>\nor CRA designation, as with other professional<br \/>\naccreditations. <\/p>\n<p>Our time as Candidates is spent restlessly<br \/>\nworking during the days \u2013 learning and trying<br \/>\nto absorb new concepts and information that is<br \/>\npresented to us \u2013 while saving enough energy<br \/>\nfor our studies and personal commitments<br \/>\nduring the evenings, nights and weekends.<br \/>\nOften, we are faced with the dilemma of<br \/>\nchoosing between staying late after work to<br \/>\nfinish our appraisal or heading to the library<br \/>\nto complete our course assignments; thus,<br \/>\nsacrificing some parts of our personal lives.<br \/>\nAs we juggle all of this, it is hard to imagine<br \/>\nspending time on anything else.  <\/p>\n<p>However, with our industry undergoing a<br \/>\ntransformation, it is imperative now, more than<br \/>\never, that all Candidates become more active<br \/>\nand involved with their profession.  <\/p>\n<p>According to a recent study completed<br \/>\nby the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC),<br \/>\nover 60% of the existing AIC members with<br \/>\nan AACI designation are over the age of 50<br \/>\nyears, suggesting that a majority anticipate<br \/>\nretiring within the next 10 to 15 years.<br \/>\nThis large percentage of future retirees<br \/>\ndefinitely represents various opportunities<br \/>\nand challenges, but, at the same time, it will<br \/>\nundoubtedly change the face of our industry.  <\/p>\n<p>It is no longer acceptable for Candidates to<br \/>\nremain status quo and take on a passive role.<br \/>\nYou are the future. Our profession is undergoing<br \/>\na change in leadership and branding, and it<br \/>\nis important for all Candidates to take part in<br \/>\nthis. Candidates must challenge their current <\/p>\n<p>image and take an active role in promoting<br \/>\nthemselves as well as their profession. Only by<br \/>\nactively engaging in this, can we expect our<br \/>\nindustry and, hence, your profession to grow<br \/>\nand flourish.  <\/p>\n<p>While it is not uncommon to feel<br \/>\nuncomfortable about promoting yourself,<br \/>\ndue to a lack of confidence or a self-perceived<br \/>\nsense of lack of knowledge and expertise,<br \/>\nthere are several methods for getting involved<br \/>\nand promoting yourself:<br \/>\n\u2022\t Attending\tlocal\tluncheons,\tprovincial\t<\/p>\n<p>meetings or national conferences \u2013 These<br \/>\nare great events at which to meet other<br \/>\nCandidates and designated members<br \/>\nin the industry.  Moreover, the events<br \/>\nusually include seminars or meetings, thus<br \/>\nallowing you to partake in current issues<br \/>\nrelated to the industry or the real estate<br \/>\nmarket.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Volunteering\twith\tlocal,\tprovincial\tor<br \/>\nnational committees \u2013 This is another great<br \/>\nway to meet your peers as well as other<br \/>\nprofessionals in the real estate market, <\/p>\n<p>while also learning and contributing to the<br \/>\nissues pertaining to your profession and the<br \/>\nAIC. This is an excellent choice for those who<br \/>\nwant to be actively involved.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Attending\tlocal\treal\testate\tforums\tand<br \/>\nnetworking events \u2013 This is a good<br \/>\nopportunity to meet other professionals,<br \/>\nalthough these events may require more<br \/>\ninteraction and self-promotion.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Volunteering\twith\tother\torganizations\t\u2013<br \/>\nThis is a great way to contribute to your<br \/>\ncommunity and, at the same time, promote<br \/>\nyourself and your profession.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Doing\tgood\tquality\twork\tand\tpresenting<br \/>\noneself professionally \u2013 Probably the simplest<br \/>\nand best way of promoting oneself, there<br \/>\nis no better way of promoting yourself<br \/>\nthan by providing good quality work in a<br \/>\ntimely fashion. Develop a good rapport<br \/>\nwith your clients, and always dress and act<br \/>\nprofessionally and with integrity. <\/p>\n<p>The face of our industry is changing and it is<br \/>\nimportant that all Candidates are involved<br \/>\nin this process. Candidates, get out there! Be<br \/>\ninvolved and be the leaders of tomorrow. Your<br \/>\nfuture depends on it.  <\/p>\n<p>H  \u201cCandidates must<br \/>\nchallenge their <\/p>\n<p>current image and<br \/>\ntake an active role in <\/p>\n<p>promoting themselves<br \/>\nas well as their <\/p>\n<p>profession.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada30<\/p>\n<p>mailto:communications@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Standards<br \/>\nBy Iain hyslop, AACI<\/p>\n<p>Chair, Standards Committee<\/p>\n<p>The challenge of<br \/>\nconsulting assignments<\/p>\n<p>standards Committee<br \/>\nIain Hyslop, AACI \u2013 Chair<br \/>\nChris Perret, AACI<br \/>\nDavid van der vis, AACI<br \/>\nPaul Olscamp, AACI<br \/>\nJayne Patterson, CRA<br \/>\nGreg Bennett, AACI \u2013 Board Liaison<br \/>\nTo contact this committee, email:<br \/>\nstandards@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>A ppraisers can bring a wealth of expertise to a wide ranging clientele. However, the broad category of<br \/>\nconsulting services is sometimes overlooked, while<br \/>\nwe focus on valuation assignments. The Canadian<br \/>\nUniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice<br \/>\n(CUSPAP) (2.18) defines consulting as \u201cthe act or<br \/>\nprocess of analysis of real estate data and recom-<br \/>\nmendations or conclusions on diversified problems<br \/>\nin real estate other than an appraisal or review<br \/>\nassignment.\u201d Consulting Standard Comment (CSC)<br \/>\n11.1.1 elaborates on this definition to include land<br \/>\nutilization studies, highest and best use analysis<br \/>\nor research-related assignments, but the scope<br \/>\nof consulting and research assignments can also<br \/>\ninclude market rental studies, housing studies and<br \/>\ntechnical project analyses. <\/p>\n<p>Like appraisal work, following CUSPAP rules,<br \/>\ncomments and practice notes allows us to under-<br \/>\ntake professional consulting services for clientele<br \/>\nranging from all levels of government, private<br \/>\ninvestors, and lenders, to non-profit bodies and<br \/>\nprivate land holders, to name a few. Like appraisal<br \/>\nwork, Ethics Standard Comment 5.12 and Practice<br \/>\nNote 12.9 impose the fundamental rule of compe-<br \/>\ntency, which must be the initial consideration prior<br \/>\nto accepting a consulting assignment. The question<br \/>\nto be asked is whether or not you have the training,<br \/>\nrequired knowledge and experience to complete<br \/>\nthe assignment competently. If the answer is no,<br \/>\nthen the appraiser must take the necessary and<br \/>\nappropriate steps to complete an assignment com-<br \/>\npetently, including personal study by the appraiser,<br \/>\nassociation with an appraiser reasonably believed<br \/>\nto have the necessary knowledge or experience,<br \/>\nor retention of others who possess the required<br \/>\nknowledge and experience.  <\/p>\n<p>There are 14 consulting standard rules (CSR)<br \/>\nand 12 appraisal standard rules. It is important to <\/p>\n<p>review these and test your report for compliance<br \/>\nbefore signing off. With respect to consulting,<br \/>\nsome of the standards are common to appraisal<br \/>\nassignments (e.g., identifying the client, intended<br \/>\nusers, purpose, effective date), however, others<br \/>\nsuch as assumptions and limiting conditions and<br \/>\nthe scope of work require extra due diligence to<br \/>\nsupport the exclusions of any information or proce-<br \/>\ndure that would appear to be relevant to the client,<br \/>\nan intended user or the \u2018reasonable appraiser.\u2019  <\/p>\n<p>Beyond the core standards are also the due<br \/>\ndiligence requirements imposed by CSRs 10.2.10<br \/>\nto 10.2.13, which refer to \u201ccollecting, verifying,<br \/>\nreconciling and reporting all pertinent data as may<br \/>\nbe required to complete the consulting service.\u201d<br \/>\nIt is also important to note that, for circumstances<br \/>\nwhere providing an opinion of value is necessary as<br \/>\npart of a consulting assignment, Consulting Stan-<br \/>\ndard Comment 11.1.1 states that \u201cif an appraisal is<br \/>\nrequired within the consulting assignment, it must<br \/>\nbe developed under the Appraisal Standard.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Consulting standards comments also outline<br \/>\nthe requirements with respect to specific types of<br \/>\nassignments such as: <\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t real\tproperty\tconsulting\t(CSC\t11.7),<br \/>\n\u2022\t market\tanalysis\t(CSC\t11.8.1),<br \/>\n\u2022\t cash\tflow\/investment\tanalysis\t(CSC\t11.9.1),<br \/>\n\u2022\t feasibility\tanalysis\t(CSC\t11.10.1),\tand<br \/>\n\u2022\t reserve\tfund\tstudy\t(CSC\t11.11).<br \/>\nAll of the consulting standard rules and comments<br \/>\nrequire some level of specialized appraisal knowl-<br \/>\nedge and training. Before undertaking consulting<br \/>\nassignments, appraisers should familiarize them-<br \/>\nselves with these standards. Educational programs<br \/>\nare a must to ensure competency, and mentoring<br \/>\noffers great learning and working opportunities<br \/>\nwith subject matter experts. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 31<\/p>\n<p>mailto:standards@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Canadian real estate cases of interest <\/p>\n<p>Legal newS &#038; VIewS<\/p>\n<p>Case:    1556724 Ontario Inc. v. Bogart Corporation (Superior Court of Justice &#8211; Ontario).<br \/>\nHearing date: March 29, 2011.<br \/>\nProperty:  A small take-out restaurant on Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario.<br \/>\nIssues:  This case involves a tenant\u2019s application to the Court with respect to its option to renew under its lease. The landlord\u2019s position is<br \/>\n  that the tenant has materially breached the lease and, thus, they are not obligated to grant the renewal option.<br \/>\nJudgement:  Tenant\u2019s application dismissed.<br \/>\nWeb link to case:      http:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2011\/2011onsc2204\/2011onsc2204.html<\/p>\n<p>Case:    Fairweather Ltd. v. Riocan Yec Holdings Inc. (Superior Court of Justice &#8211; Ontario).<br \/>\nHearing date:  November 18, 2010.<br \/>\nProperty:  A retail store at a shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario.<br \/>\nIssues:  This case involves the interpretation of a termination clause in the lease. The landlord exercised their rights under the Termination<br \/>\n  Clause in preparation to renovate the shopping centre, while the tenant applies that the circumstances do not warrant the<br \/>\n  Termination Clause to be exercised.<br \/>\nJudgement:  Court rules in favour of landlord.<br \/>\nWeb link to case:      http:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2010\/2010onsc6445\/2010onsc6445.html<\/p>\n<p>Case:    CCS Corporation v. Assessor of Area #11 \u2013 Richmond\/Delta (Property Assessment Appeal Board).<br \/>\nHearing date:  December 23, 2011.<br \/>\nProperty:  Industrial facility in Richmond, BC.<br \/>\nIssues:  This is a classification case involving the determination of Class 5 versus Class 6, particularly on the interpretation of \u2018products.\u2019<br \/>\nJudgement:  Board rules in favour of appellant.<br \/>\nWeb link to case:  http:\/\/www.assessmentappeal.bc.ca\/Decisions\/Dfull\/dec_2011-11-00046_20112707.asp<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada32<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2011\/2011onsc2204\/2011onsc2204.html<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2010\/2010onsc6445\/2010onsc6445.html<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.assessmentappeal.bc.ca\/Decisions\/Dfull\/dec_2011-11-00046_20112707.asp<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Responding to member questions<br \/>\nBy Darrell Thorvaldson, AACI<br \/>\nCounsellor, Professional Practice<\/p>\n<p>From the Counsellor\u2019s Desk<\/p>\n<p>t is indeed a privilege to serve as Counsel-<br \/>\nlor, Professional Practice and speak with<br \/>\nmembers from coast to coast. After assum-<\/p>\n<p>ing this position in November 2011, I must give<br \/>\nrecognition to the years of dedication and hard<br \/>\nwork contributed by my predecessors, David F.<br \/>\nHildebrand AACI, Retired and Robert Patchett<br \/>\nLL.B., CD. Moving forward into 2012, we all<br \/>\nwelcome Nathalie Roy-Patenaude, AACI to the<br \/>\nposition of Director-Professional Practice.  <\/p>\n<p>This is my opportunity to provide you with<br \/>\ncontinual feedback and briefly summarize some<br \/>\nof the questions and issues that our members<br \/>\nhave called about \u2013 everything from seeking out<br \/>\nbusiness practices to better serving our clients<br \/>\nand ensuring compliance with the Canadian Uni-<br \/>\nforms Standards of Professional Practice (CUSPAP).<\/p>\n<p>Advertising guidelines<br \/>\nRecent changes to CUSPAP 2012 have included<br \/>\nrules on advertising. Please review Ethical<br \/>\nStandard Comments 5.4 and, in particular, note<br \/>\n5.4.7.ix found on page 15 of CUSPAP, which makes<br \/>\nit very clear that advertising using laudatory<br \/>\nstatements, superlatives or claims of superiority<br \/>\nare not acceptable. Also, recent changes to the<br \/>\nConsolidated Regulations allow the counsellor<br \/>\nto act on advertising matters without need for a<br \/>\nformal complaint. I have had to make more than<br \/>\na few telephone calls to advise members of this<br \/>\nchange and we are approaching a point in time<br \/>\nwhere cautionary advice will no longer be issued.<br \/>\nPlease review your advertisements, including<br \/>\nyour website, for compliance.  <\/p>\n<p>Reserve fund studies<br \/>\nCondominium reserve fund studies are identified<br \/>\nin CUSPAP (page 41) as being one of the consult-<br \/>\ning reports which AIC members can complete. <\/p>\n<p>Ethics Standard Comment 5.5.3 provides the<br \/>\ntypes of properties for which CRA members<br \/>\ncan complete appraisal, review or consulting<br \/>\nreports. It is important for all of our members to<br \/>\nremember that AIC Professional Excellence Bulletin<br \/>\n(PP-24-E) allows CRA members to complete<br \/>\nany reserve fund study report that falls outside<br \/>\nof the scope of the CRA designation, so long as<br \/>\nit is co-signed with a qualified AACI member.<br \/>\nOur competence provisions are detailed with<br \/>\nEthics Standard Comment 5.12. This matter was<br \/>\nbrought up at the recent Board of Directors meet-<br \/>\ning this past February in Ottawa and is being<br \/>\nconsidered by both the Standards Committee and<br \/>\nthe Insurance Advisory Committee.   <\/p>\n<p>Form reports<br \/>\nThe AIC has published a paper regarding suggested<br \/>\nlimiting conditions to be included when complet-<br \/>\ning AMC forms. http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/images\/<br \/>\ncontent\/docs\/Limited_Liability_Clauses.pdf<\/p>\n<p>There is also an AMC resource page on the<br \/>\nwebsite which can be found at http:\/\/www.<br \/>\naicanada.ca\/members\/cmsPage.aspx?id=283<\/p>\n<p>Hypothetical conditions<br \/>\nThere are many different types of questions that<br \/>\nmembers have in this area. One of the theme<br \/>\nquestions put forward by members revolves<br \/>\naround a request to appraise a commercial<br \/>\nproperty as if it were a single-family residential<br \/>\nproperty. It is important to know that Appraisal<br \/>\nStandard Rule 6.2.11 requires all appraisal reports<br \/>\nto identify any hypothetical conditions. Further,<br \/>\nAppraisal Standard Comment 7.12 provides<br \/>\nexcellent and detailed information that you must<br \/>\nconsider.  <\/p>\n<p>In particular, we all must be careful to con-<br \/>\ntemplate the last sentence in Appraisal Standard <\/p>\n<p>Comment 7.12.5, which states that, \u201cAn analysis<br \/>\nbased on a hypothetical condition must not result<br \/>\nin an appraisal report that is misleading.\u201d In other<br \/>\nwords, simply invoking a hypothetical condition<br \/>\ndoes not preclude you from also meeting Ethics<br \/>\nStandard Comment 5.2.1, which essentially<br \/>\nstates that AIC members must perform assign-<br \/>\nments ethically, objectively and competently in<br \/>\na meaningful manner in accordance with the<br \/>\nStandards. Further, simply invoking a hypotheti-<br \/>\ncal condition does not preclude you from being<br \/>\nin a position to explain how you have met Ethics<br \/>\nStandard Comment 5.3.1, which clearly states<br \/>\nthat, \u201cIt is unethical for a member to develop,<br \/>\nuse or permit others to use, for any purpose, any<br \/>\nreport which the member knows or ought to<br \/>\nknow is misleading.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Please ensure that you carefully consider<br \/>\nEthics Standard Rules related to qualifications<br \/>\n(Ethics Standard Rule 4.2.6 and Ethics Standard<br \/>\nComment 5.5) and competence (Ethics Standard<br \/>\nRule 4.2.7 and Ethics Standard Comment 5.12). <\/p>\n<p>The reasonableness, appropriateness and<br \/>\nimminence of the surrounding valuation fac-<br \/>\ntors with any hypothetical condition must be<br \/>\ncontemplated and explained in your report. (See<br \/>\nEthics Standard Rule 4.2.3).<\/p>\n<p>We all have to remember that Standard Rules<br \/>\nand Standard Comments are requirements in<br \/>\nyour reports and govern your activities as AIC<br \/>\nmembers.  <\/p>\n<p>As professionals, we recognize that matters<br \/>\nof professional practice are embedded in our day-<br \/>\nto-day business operations. The professionalism<br \/>\nof our members defines the AIC brand and one<br \/>\nof my and Nathalie\u2019s priorities will be to continue<br \/>\ncontacting members by telephone to initiate<br \/>\nopen communication and respectful relationships<br \/>\nmoving forward.    <\/p>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 33<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/images\/content\/docs\/Limited_Liability_Clauses.pdf<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/members\/cmsPage.aspx?id=283<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Terms of Reference for an appraisal<\/p>\n<p>Appeal<br \/>\nBy Peter Lawrek, AACI<\/p>\n<p>Member, Appeal Committee<\/p>\n<p>proper Terms of Reference for an<br \/>\nappraisal report can help avoid<br \/>\nappraisals that are not completely <\/p>\n<p>appropriate for the particular situation. Quite<br \/>\noften, the clients (owners or buyers) are not quite<br \/>\nsure what they need and even lenders are unsure,<br \/>\nespecially those with limited experience.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<br \/>\n1) An appraisal is requested of an office <\/p>\n<p>building or warehouse that is extremely<br \/>\nlarge for the local market. It is occupied<br \/>\nby the owner and the owner is the client. <\/p>\n<p>The appraiser should ask if the appraisal will<br \/>\nbe based on a sale with a lease back or on the<br \/>\nbuilding being sold as vacant. The value could be <\/p>\n<p>quite different when an extremely large building<br \/>\nis sold as vacant compared to fully occupied.<\/p>\n<p>2) A client asks for an appraisal of a<br \/>\nconvenience store. The client owns the free<br \/>\nstanding building, but does not know how<br \/>\nto value the property and the business.<\/p>\n<p>A separate appraisal for the land and building<br \/>\nwould be the preferred option since that is<br \/>\nthe value the lender understands best and can<br \/>\nmore easily mortgage. A separate value of the<br \/>\nfixtures and equipment could perhaps be done<br \/>\nby a company that sells new and used items of<br \/>\nthis type.<\/p>\n<p>A separate value of the business, (which<br \/>\nwould include the fixtures and equipment) can<br \/>\nbe done based on the income and expenses<br \/>\nand allowing a rent expense for the building.<br \/>\nDepreciation and debt service are not included<br \/>\nas expenses. Quite often, once all the expenses<br \/>\nare totalled (including a realistic wage for the<br \/>\nowner\/manager\u2019s time spent), there is little or<br \/>\nno net income to capitalize, which results in<br \/>\nno business value other than the fixtures and<br \/>\nequipment.<\/p>\n<p>Appraisers must remember that there<br \/>\nis no AIC insurance coverage for business<br \/>\nvaluations where no real estate is included in<br \/>\nthe value, and this lack of insurance coverage<br \/>\nmust be prominently noted in any such report.<br \/>\nAppraisers should give careful thought to<br \/>\ndetermining if they are qualified to do a business<br \/>\nvaluation.<\/p>\n<p>3) There are two partners in a commercial<br \/>\ndevelopment with several freestanding<br \/>\nbuildings. One of the partners wants to<br \/>\nbuild a restaurant building and would<br \/>\nlike to get a separate mortgage on the<br \/>\nbuilding rather than have the developer<br \/>\nprovide a turnkey finished restaurant. <\/p>\n<p>The mortgage lender who had the mortgage<br \/>\non the development was unsure how this<br \/>\ncould be done, since a small business loan was<br \/>\nnot enough money to build the restaurant.<br \/>\nThe lender was searching for ways to finance<br \/>\nthis restaurant and wondered how it could be<br \/>\nappraised. The appraiser suggested an acre of<br \/>\nland be subdivided out of the big parcel and a<br \/>\nland lease be created with the annual rent based<br \/>\non 10% of the value of the one acre. Since a title<br \/>\nwas created, the same lender could provide a<br \/>\nmortgage on the leasehold title. The mortgage<br \/>\non the real estate development could also be<br \/>\nlarger due to the higher income created by the<br \/>\nland lease.<\/p>\n<p>4) A developer buys a property which was<br \/>\na former college and is slowly leasing<br \/>\nout space as an office complex which<br \/>\nincludes a leased restaurant. There is also<br \/>\na 1,000 seat theatre and approximately 150<br \/>\ndormitory rooms. The developer intends to<br \/>\nrun the theatre as a business operation and <\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada34<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Appeal Committee<br \/>\nAllan Beatty, AACI, Fellow \u2013 Chair<br \/>\nJohn Shevchuk, Associate<br \/>\nGordon Tomiuk, AACI, Fellow<br \/>\nDavid Babineau, AACI, Fellow<br \/>\nPeter Lawrek, AACI<br \/>\nTo contact this committee, email:<br \/>\nappeal@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>use the 150 dormitory rooms like a motel<br \/>\nbusiness, with room rates that include<br \/>\nmeals which the restaurant will provide.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of trying to mix a real estate appraisal<br \/>\nwith two business operations, the appraiser<br \/>\nsuggests applying a market rent for the theatre<br \/>\nand the dormitory rooms. The developer then<br \/>\ndecides he will create two new companies. One<br \/>\nwill rent the theatre and then run it as a business.<br \/>\nThe other company will rent the dormitories<br \/>\nand run it like a business. The mortgage lender<br \/>\nis pleased with this approach since it is now<br \/>\nknown that it is real estate being mortgaged and<br \/>\nnot business operations. The appraisal is based<br \/>\nstrictly on leases.<\/p>\n<p>5) The mortgage lender asks the appraiser<br \/>\nto appraise a building where the owner<br \/>\nruns a business centre with numerous<br \/>\nsmall month-to-month tenants and<br \/>\nthe owner provides office services<br \/>\nsuch as telephone answering, faxing,<br \/>\nphotocopying and secretarial. The owner<br \/>\nand inexperienced lender think the<br \/>\nappraisal will be based on the income<br \/>\nand expenses of the business centre.<\/p>\n<p>The appraiser points out that the land and<br \/>\nbuilding have a certain value based on the typical<br \/>\nrent per square foot for buildings of this type.<br \/>\nUsing the rent paid to the business centre, less<br \/>\nthe operating expenses, to establish net income<br \/>\nwould result in a value that includes the business<br \/>\ncentre value and not just the real estate. The<br \/>\nlender then agrees the appraisal will be based on <\/p>\n<p>market rent for office space of this type with no<br \/>\nbusiness centre rental rates used.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion<br \/>\nAppraisers should not always assume the client<br \/>\nand lender know the ideal procedure. Appraisers<br \/>\nshould make the effort to discuss the Terms of<br \/>\nReference with the client and the lender to agree<br \/>\non a procedure that best fits the situation.<\/p>\n<p>The Canadian Uniform Standards of<br \/>\nProfessional Appraisal Practice (CUSPAP) requires<br \/>\nthat the appraiser design an appropriate scope of<br \/>\nwork to address the intended use of the report.\u00a0A<br \/>\nbetter understanding of the client\u2019s intended<br \/>\nuse is a critical first step in the process.\u00a0Clearly <\/p>\n<p>explaining these aspects of the assignment<br \/>\nin the report will also assist greatly in limiting<br \/>\nthe possibility that the report could mislead a<br \/>\nreader and thus lead to potential insurance or<br \/>\nstandards-related problems. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cClearly explaining these aspects of the assignment in the report will also assist<br \/>\ngreatly in limiting the possibility that the report could mislead a reader and thus <\/p>\n<p>lead to potential insurance or standards-related problems.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 35<\/p>\n<p>mailto:appeal@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Cm2AKBe2Dj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ara.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; ARA - Atlantic Realty Advisors\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ara.ca\/embed\/#?secret=PJs3N8Gqhn#?secret=Cm2AKBe2Dj\" data-secret=\"Cm2AKBe2Dj\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>By Debbie Bermont<br \/>\n(www.outrageousbusinessgrowth.com)<\/p>\n<p>Your Business<\/p>\n<p>Seven reasons to<br \/>\nsay \u201cNO\u201d to new business<\/p>\n<p>f your company is dependent on larger fees<br \/>\nfrom fewer customers, you could put your-<br \/>\nself at financial risk by taking on the wrong <\/p>\n<p>customer. One of the most common mistakes <\/p>\n<p>business owners make is to accept money from<br \/>\nanyone who is willing to pay for their service<br \/>\n\u2013 even if the customer is not the ideal fit for<br \/>\ntheir business. Whether your company is in the <\/p>\n<p>startup stage or is well established, taking on a<br \/>\nnew customer who does not match your ideal<br \/>\ncustomer profile can be a big mistake. Here are<br \/>\nseven situations that indicate you should say no<br \/>\nto new business. <\/p>\n<p>#1: Your gut instinct says no.<br \/>\nThis reason is at the top of the list. Your gut<br \/>\ninstinct or intuition is the most powerful<br \/>\nweapon you own that is always correct\u2026even<br \/>\nif it is not always a logical thought. You should<br \/>\nnever ignore a nagging feeling something is<br \/>\nnot right. When you hear that little voice inside<br \/>\ntelling you to turn away the new business, you<br \/>\nshould follow it or you could regret your deci-<br \/>\nsion later. Here is a common scenario that raises<br \/>\nthe gut instinct red flag. You are involved in a<br \/>\nnew business meeting and everything on the<br \/>\nsurface seems to be going well, but you cannot<br \/>\nignore a sinking feeling in the pit of your stom-<br \/>\nach. You can\u2019t put your finger on it, but you<br \/>\nknow something is not right. Then your head<br \/>\ngets in the way. Your rational voice talks you<br \/>\nout of those feelings and instead you dismiss<br \/>\nyour instincts as ridiculous, so you take on the<br \/>\nnew customer. Ultimately, that customer does<br \/>\nnot pay his or her bill or makes unreasonable<br \/>\ndemands that take away any profits you could<br \/>\nmake on the deal. You then realize you should<br \/>\nhave listened to your original gut instinct.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, there does not have to be a<br \/>\nlogical explanation why you do not trust the<br \/>\nsituation.  Just remember that, if you get that<br \/>\ninner message, do not let financial motives<br \/>\nsway you from your first impression. Your gut<br \/>\ninstinct is the best resource you have. Listen to<br \/>\nit at all times.<\/p>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada36<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.outrageousbusinessgrowth.com<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>#2: The customer does not appreciate<br \/>\nthe value of what you offer.<\/p>\n<p>While some people make decisions based<br \/>\nupon price, the most profitable business for<br \/>\nyour company will be from customers who<br \/>\nappreciate the value of what you offer. Value<br \/>\ncould include your expertise, credibility, service,<br \/>\nknowledge, reliability, and guarantee. Anybody<br \/>\nwho selects your company based on price alone<br \/>\nviews you as a commodity, not a valued service.<br \/>\nA disloyal customer who is more concerned<br \/>\nwith price rather than value will readily switch<br \/>\nto any competitor who undercuts your price.<br \/>\nYour chances are greatly diminished for repeat<br \/>\nbusiness from a customer who does not appre-<br \/>\nciate the value of your services.<\/p>\n<p>#3: The customer expects you to invest<br \/>\ntime and resources into pursuing<br \/>\nhis or her business without making<br \/>\nany financial commitment.<\/p>\n<p>Anyone who is shopping around and looking<br \/>\nfor free advice is not going to be a good cus-<br \/>\ntomer. You should determine how much time<br \/>\nand energy you are willing to spend for free<br \/>\nbefore you ask the prospect to make a com-<br \/>\nmitment. Giving away services for free before<br \/>\nthe prospect makes any financial commitment<br \/>\ndiminishes the value of your company. It also<br \/>\nraises the level of what he or she expects you<br \/>\nto deliver beyond what you would normally<br \/>\noffer for a specific price, because something has<br \/>\nalready been provided by you for free.<\/p>\n<p>#4: The customer does not<br \/>\ntreat you in a courteous<br \/>\nor professional manner.<\/p>\n<p>Profitable business is based on strong<br \/>\nrelationships between you and your customer.<br \/>\nThis does not mean your customer has to be<br \/>\nyour best friend, but, in essence, your best<br \/>\ncustomers will be those who respect and value<br \/>\nyour professionalism. Anybody who constantly<br \/>\nquestions your recommendations, nit-picks<br \/>\nat your pricing, or questions your credibility or<br \/>\njudgement, is not interested in developing a<br \/>\nlong-term relationship with your business. There<br \/>\nis no opportunity for trust here. Your business is <\/p>\n<p>being viewed as a commodity and the customer<br \/>\nis clearly showing that he or she does not value<br \/>\nyour business or want to establish a long-term<br \/>\nrelationship.<\/p>\n<p>#5: The customer asks<br \/>\nfor services you do not provide.<\/p>\n<p>There are times when someone will approach<br \/>\nyour business for services you already provide<br \/>\nand also request additional services you do<br \/>\nnot already provide. He or she values your<br \/>\nrelationship and asks if you would be willing to<br \/>\nventure out into new opportunities. If this new<br \/>\nopportunity is a stretch on your capital resources<br \/>\nor your existing operational structure, or is not<br \/>\ncongruent with the mission of your company, it is<br \/>\nbest to decline this business. Before you instantly<br \/>\naccept a new challenge and opportunity, make<br \/>\nsure it will not stretch your resources and develop<br \/>\ninto more headaches than successes for your<br \/>\ncompany.<\/p>\n<p>#6: The customer\u2019s requests<br \/>\nare too large for your operation.<\/p>\n<p>If a company approaches you to provide services<br \/>\nthat stretch beyond your current capabilities,<br \/>\nconsider the cost to expand your operation<br \/>\nversus the profit potential. Take into account<br \/>\nany additional employees, training expenses, <\/p>\n<p>and material costs, as well as other business<br \/>\nlost while you are meeting the needs of this new<br \/>\ncustomer. Controlled growth for your company is<br \/>\nmore manageable and, typically, more profitable<br \/>\nthan a large increase in business within a short<br \/>\ntimeframe, if you are not currently set up to<br \/>\nmanage that quick growth. <\/p>\n<p>#7:  The customer does not<br \/>\nshare the same values as you.<\/p>\n<p>The right customer for you is someone who<br \/>\nshares your values. By the manner in which the<br \/>\ncustomer treats you, it will be very apparent<br \/>\nwhether or not you share common values. Do not<br \/>\nlose sight of your company\u2019s mission and values,<br \/>\neven if it means turning down potential business.<br \/>\nWhen you compromise your values to pick up<br \/>\nnew business, it will not result in profitable busi-<br \/>\nness for your company in the long run.  <\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 Source Communications <\/p>\n<p>About the author<br \/>\nDebbie Bermont is president of Source<br \/>\nCommunications, a marketing consulting firm.<br \/>\nDebbie is a leading expert on helping businesses<br \/>\nreduce their marketing costs and accelerate their<br \/>\nsales growth. For more information go to<br \/>\nwww.outrageousbusinessgrowth.com  <\/p>\n<p>Manual for the Estimating the Replacement<br \/>\nCost of Single Family Dwellings<\/p>\n<p>NEW<br \/>\nResidential Costing Manual<\/p>\n<p>Call, Fax or Email for Details<br \/>\nWebsite: www.douglascostguide.com      Email: karldouglas@hay.net<\/p>\n<p>Telephone: (877) 284-0028      Fax: (519) 238-6214<\/p>\n<p>1 Storey<br \/>\nTri-Level<\/p>\n<p>1-3\/4 Storey<br \/>\n2-1\/2 Storey<\/p>\n<p>Raised Ranch<br \/>\n1-1\/2 Storey<\/p>\n<p>2 Storey<br \/>\nGarages<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 37<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.outrageousbusinessgrowth.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gElRa3yOd0\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.douglascostguide.com\/\">Douglas Cost Guide: Estimate Rebuild &#038; Replacement Costs<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Douglas Cost Guide: Estimate Rebuild &#038; Replacement Costs&#8221; &#8212; Douglas Cost Guide\" src=\"https:\/\/www.douglascostguide.com\/embed\/#?secret=IgsWNFuIhd#?secret=gElRa3yOd0\" data-secret=\"gElRa3yOd0\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nmailto:karldouglas@hay.net<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Using simple regression<br \/>\nanalysis \u2013 a strong case<br \/>\nfor taking that stats course<\/p>\n<p>Technology<\/p>\n<p>everal years ago, I was asked to value a<br \/>\nlakefront residential lot. I gathered all of<br \/>\nthe lakefront sales from the previous three <\/p>\n<p>years and a few current listings. During the course of<br \/>\ninvestigating the sales, a realtor commented about<br \/>\nthe typical prices per front foot for lakefront lots in<br \/>\nour area. This was the second time in a year that I<br \/>\nhad heard a market participant use price\/front foot<br \/>\nfor lake front lots. I was going to render my sales data<br \/>\ninto price\/acre and I started to wonder if I was going<br \/>\nabout this in the wrong way.  <\/p>\n<p>I had been using spreadsheets ever since I moved<br \/>\nfrom residential forms to narrative appraisals. They<br \/>\nwere effective for keeping track of adjustments and,<br \/>\nas long as there were no errors in my formulas, they<br \/>\nwere accurate and much faster than simple text<br \/>\ntables and calculators. So, I decided to rank the sale <\/p>\n<p>data first by ascending lot area, then by ascending<br \/>\nfront footage. If I first adjusted all data for the usual<br \/>\ncriteria of time, and then for locational and physi-<br \/>\ncal differences between the data and the subject<br \/>\n(topography, access, services, beach quality etc.), I<br \/>\ncould calculate the adjusted price\/front foot and the<br \/>\nadjusted price\/acre and see if there were patterns.<br \/>\nMaybe price\/front foot was the most appropriate<br \/>\nway to measure and compare lake front lot values.<br \/>\nIn my tables, it looked like some kind of pattern was<br \/>\nemerging for one of the units of comparison, but<br \/>\nvisualizing the form of the pattern by staring at the<br \/>\nnumbers was difficult.  <\/p>\n<p>I knew that I should be able to graph these sale<br \/>\ndata somehow, to show adjusted price\/front foot<br \/>\nvs. front footage and adjusted price\/acre vs. lot size.<br \/>\nAfter some experimenting, I was able to produce <\/p>\n<p>basic scatter plots. Immediately, the differences<br \/>\nbetween the two charts were obvious and very<br \/>\nrevealing. One scatter plot gave a relatively uniform<br \/>\npattern in the shape of a curve. The other pattern<br \/>\nlooked random. visually, it became apparent that the<br \/>\nadjusted price\/acre comparison was likely far more<br \/>\nmeaningful.  <\/p>\n<p>That answered the question of what unit of mea-<br \/>\nsurement I should use, but here is where the analysis<br \/>\nbecame interesting. After creating the scatter plot,<br \/>\nI was trying to format it. If you right click on a data<br \/>\npoint in a scatter plot in Excel, the \u2019add trendline\u2019<br \/>\ncommand appears. Interesting, I thought; a line that<br \/>\nshows a trend \u2013 this could be useful. That was an<br \/>\nunderstatement.  <\/p>\n<p>Adding a trendline is done by some hefty,<br \/>\nbehind-the-scenes computing. Excel (and other <\/p>\n<p>Comp Sale Date Sale Price Area (Ac) Fr. Ft. Adj\u2019d $\/Ac<br \/>\n1 Active $125,000 0.42 211 $297,619<br \/>\n2 9\/19\/01 $104,000 0.43 125 $288,222<br \/>\n3 4\/1\/03 $249,500 0.66 119 $151,212<br \/>\n4 8\/27\/01 $252,500 0.68 200 $445,588<br \/>\n5 Active $166,900 0.74 95 $226,152<br \/>\n6 5\/15\/03 $225,000 1.00 119 $225,000<br \/>\n7 8\/4\/00 $153,500 1.05 170 $102,333<br \/>\n8 05\/31\/03 $140,000 1.10 170 $127,273<br \/>\n9 Active $194,000 1.47 190 $131,973<br \/>\n10 09\/10\/02 $87,000 1.81 170 $100,939<br \/>\n11 06\/13\/02 $200,000 1.90 275 $115,789<br \/>\n12 Active $320,000 2.63 237.9 $121,766<br \/>\n13 06\/19\/2003 $160,000 4.37 203 $47,597<br \/>\n14 11\/9\/03 $190,000 5.93 240 $41,653<br \/>\n15 12\/8\/02 $425,000 10.22 280 $31,189<\/p>\n<p>Comp Sale Date Sale Price Area (Ac) Fr. Ft. Adj\u2019d $\/Ac<br \/>\n5 Active $166,900 0.74 95 $1,757<br \/>\n3 4\/1\/03 $249,500 0.66 119 $839<br \/>\n6 5\/15\/03 $225,000 1.00 119 $1,891<br \/>\n2 9\/19\/01 $104,000 0.43 125 $998<br \/>\n7 8\/4\/00 $153,500 1.05 170 $632<br \/>\n8 05\/31\/03 $140,000 1.10 170 $824<br \/>\n10 09\/10\/02 $87,000 1.81 170 $1,075<br \/>\n9 Active $194,000 1.47 190 $1,021<br \/>\n4 8\/27\/01 $252,500 0.68 200 $1,515<br \/>\n13 06\/19\/2003 $160,000 4.37 203 $1,025<br \/>\n1 Active $125,000 0.42 211 $592<br \/>\n12 Active $320,000 2.63 237.9 $1,345<br \/>\n14 11\/9\/03 $190,000 5.93 240 $1,029<br \/>\n11 06\/13\/02 $200,000 1.90 275 $800<br \/>\n15 12\/8\/02 $425,000 10.22 280 $1,138<\/p>\n<p>S<\/p>\n<p>Table 2 &#8211; Ascending lot frontage<\/p>\n<p>Table 1 \u2013 Ascending lot size   <\/p>\n<p>(For presentation, the addresses and adjustments in these tables have been hidden.)<\/p>\n<p>By Jeff Godfrey, AACI<br \/>\nStrand &#038; Godfrey Appraisals Ltd., Castlegar, BC<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada38<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>spreadsheet and statistical software) mathematically<br \/>\nfits the trendline to the data to best fit its dispersion.<br \/>\nYou can see that the trendline on the left fits the<br \/>\ndata much better than the one on the right. Another<br \/>\nname for this trendline is a regression line and this<br \/>\nprocess, as it turns out, is one of the many forms of<br \/>\nregression analysis.  <\/p>\n<p>Regression analysis is a powerful statistical tool<br \/>\nthat is widely used in the sciences for prediction<br \/>\nand forecasting. It can tell you if there is or is not a<br \/>\ncorrelation between two (or more) variables. With<br \/>\nreal estate analysis, we are always asking how<br \/>\ncertain characteristics \u2013 building size, floor location<br \/>\nin a high rise, quality and condition ranking, lot size,<br \/>\ntime \u2013 affect price or value. In this case, it enabled<br \/>\nme to determine not only that lot size had a great<br \/>\neffect on price, but just as importantly, that front<br \/>\nfootage variation did not. Clearly, there was very<br \/>\ngood correlation in the first comparison and limited<br \/>\ncorrelation in the second. (The R\u00b2 \u2013 the coefficient<br \/>\nof determination \u2013 measures how much of the vari-<br \/>\nability in the adjusted price\/acre and price\/front foot<br \/>\nis explained by the regression line. In the first chart,<br \/>\n85% of the variability in price is explained by size; in<br \/>\nthe second, only 10% is explained by lot frontage.)<\/p>\n<p>Taking it a step further, if you remember your<br \/>\nhigh school algebra, these lines and curves are<br \/>\nmathematically defined by an equation (Excel can<br \/>\ncalculate and display the equation, as shown above).<br \/>\nUsing the equation of the line\/curve allows you to<br \/>\ninput an x value (lot size in this case) to find the y<br \/>\nvalue (price\/acre). This equation can be used to great<br \/>\neffect in your analysis. In the first chart, the equation<br \/>\nof the curve is shown as:<\/p>\n<p>y = 168,666 x -0.736<\/p>\n<p>By inputting subject lot area (x), the regression equa-<br \/>\ntion can be solved for price\/acre (y). For example,<br \/>\nif the subject is 2.5 acres, solving for y is done as<br \/>\nfollows:<\/p>\n<p>if x (subject lot size) = 2.5 acres, then<br \/>\ny (subject price\/acre) = 168,666 (2.5) -0.736 or,<br \/>\ny = $85,930\/acre<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the resulting estimate of market value<br \/>\nis $215,000 ($85,930 x 2.5 acres, rounded). Using<br \/>\nthe same equation, a subject area of 2.0 acres<br \/>\nresults in a value estimate of $205,000 and a 5.0-<br \/>\nacre lot has a market value of $260,000.<\/p>\n<p>Regression analysis can answer difficult<br \/>\nquestions with far more certainty than traditional<br \/>\nvaluation reconciliations that favour one or two<br \/>\ncomparables from a table of sales. It allows<br \/>\na wider set of data to meaningfully influence<br \/>\nyour analysis. It can be used to value vacant and<br \/>\nimproved properties in the direct comparison<br \/>\napproach when you have good data across a<br \/>\nwide range of sizes (typical in small or specialty<br \/>\nmarkets). It can effectively differentiate lot values<br \/>\nin a potential subdivision when there is lot size<br \/>\nvariation in the proposed layout (which is usually<br \/>\nthe case). It can estimate the added value of a<br \/>\nbuilding expansion or evaluate the division of a<br \/>\nbuilding into various rental size scenarios. It can<br \/>\nestimate the before and after effects of partial<br \/>\ntakings. It can expose outliers or errors in data<br \/>\nand send you back for further investigation. It can <\/p>\n<p>reveal patterns in data and it can show you what<br \/>\nis just noise.  <\/p>\n<p>I believe so strongly in the power of regres-<br \/>\nsion analysis as a fundamental valuation tool that<br \/>\nI wanted to write about this topic for an earlier<br \/>\nCanadian Property Valuation issue. But, as I was<br \/>\nwriting, I quickly realized I was not (and still am<br \/>\nnot) an expert and had far too many questions of<br \/>\nmy own. So, I shelved the article and looked to the<br \/>\nAIC\u2019s educational offerings to see if I could find a<br \/>\ncourse that would give me some formal instruc-<br \/>\ntion. I enrolled in University of British Columbia\u2019s<br \/>\nBUSI 344 \u2013 Statistical and Computer Applications in<br \/>\nValuation \u2013 one of the core courses in the current<br \/>\nAACI program.  <\/p>\n<p>I am most of the way through this course<br \/>\nnow and have to say that it has been far more<br \/>\ninteresting and illuminating than I could have ever<br \/>\nanticipated. The course content is easy to relate to,<br \/>\nas it includes typical real estate analysis problems<br \/>\nand situations that many of us face on a daily<br \/>\nbasis. It not only introduced incredibly useful tools<br \/>\nand methods, but also repeatedly emphasized<br \/>\nthe potential pitfalls and dangers of applying<br \/>\nrote formulae to the study of the marketplace. It<br \/>\nreconfirmed the adage that real estate valuation is<br \/>\nboth science and art.  <\/p>\n<p>If you are working in the field of real estate<br \/>\nappraisal and you wish to have a deeper under-<br \/>\nstanding of the use and interpretation of data, you<br \/>\nowe it to yourself to take this course. If you want<br \/>\nto advance your ability to discover and reveal the<br \/>\nmeaning of your market to your clientele, you owe<br \/>\nit to them. <\/p>\n<p>Adj\u2019d $\/Acre vs Lot size Adj\u2019d $\/Acre vs Lot size<\/p>\n<p>y = 168666x-0.736<br \/>\nR\u00b2 = 0.84778<\/p>\n<p>y = 5855.2x-0.333<br \/>\nR\u00b2 = 0.10364<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 39<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>AIC member: Undisclosed name,<br \/>\nCandidate<\/p>\n<p>Michael, Candidate Michael,<br \/>\nrecent AACI<\/p>\n<p>Mark, Candidate Tim, Candidate<\/p>\n<p>specialization: municipal<br \/>\nassessment<\/p>\n<p>Investment sales<br \/>\nbrokerage<\/p>\n<p>Property tax<br \/>\nrecovery consulting<\/p>\n<p>mortgage invest-<br \/>\nments<\/p>\n<p>Real estate<br \/>\ninvestment analysis<\/p>\n<p>A typical day in my<br \/>\njob involves\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u2026working in the field<br \/>\ndoing maintenance inspec-<br \/>\ntions, and, in the office,<br \/>\npreparing, entering data<br \/>\nand auditing my field work.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026meeting with clients,<br \/>\ncold calling, and keeping up<br \/>\nto date with news and local<br \/>\nmarket knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026meeting with clients<br \/>\nand municipalities, writ-<br \/>\ning reports, and attending<br \/>\nassessment hearings.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026evaluating both new<br \/>\nloans and existing portfo-<br \/>\nlio, appraising properties,<br \/>\nand conducting property<br \/>\ninspections.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026completing appraisals,<br \/>\nreviewing external valu-<br \/>\nations, internal reporting,<br \/>\nand risk management.<\/p>\n<p>What do you enjoy<br \/>\nmost about your job? <\/p>\n<p>The diversity of properties<br \/>\nand flexibility of working<br \/>\nboth in the office and in<br \/>\nthe field.  <\/p>\n<p>The potential for significant<br \/>\npersonal and financial<br \/>\ngrowth and freedom.  <\/p>\n<p>Dealing with clients in<br \/>\nperson and working in<br \/>\nthe field.<\/p>\n<p>The range of responsibili-<br \/>\nties, the geographic scope<br \/>\nof our portfolio, and<br \/>\nworking both in the field<br \/>\nand office.  <\/p>\n<p>Working with all major<br \/>\nasset classes in every major<br \/>\nmarket across the country.<\/p>\n<p>Have you worked in<br \/>\nfee appraisal before? <\/p>\n<p>Yes, and I would have loved<br \/>\nto continue, but it was hard<br \/>\nto find steady work as a<br \/>\ncandidate appraiser.  <\/p>\n<p>Yes, for roughly eight years<br \/>\nprior to moving to com-<br \/>\nmercial brokerage.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, I entered the industry<br \/>\nas a candidate fee<br \/>\nappraiser.<\/p>\n<p>No. Yes. Starting out in a small<br \/>\nshop allowed me to work<br \/>\non assignments that I may<br \/>\nnot have had the chance to<br \/>\nat a larger appraisal firm.<\/p>\n<p>Do you have any<br \/>\ninterest in working<br \/>\nin fee appraisal? <\/p>\n<p>If not, why?<\/p>\n<p>Yes, I would like to eventu-<br \/>\nally. The freedom of being<br \/>\nyour own boss and making<br \/>\nyour own schedule is<br \/>\nappealing.  <\/p>\n<p>Not at the moment.\u00a0I was<br \/>\nlooking for a different<br \/>\nchallenge in brokerage; one<br \/>\nwith a limitless potential<br \/>\nfor personal and financial<br \/>\ngrowth.<\/p>\n<p>It is a great business to be<br \/>\nin, however, I really enjoy<br \/>\nthe work I am doing now. <\/p>\n<p>Less so right now, as one<br \/>\nof my goals during the<br \/>\nAEP is to obtain a broader<br \/>\noutlook of the industry.  <\/p>\n<p>I don\u2019t think so; though I<br \/>\nhighly value the experience<br \/>\nI gained in fee appraisal.<\/p>\n<p>Why pursue an<br \/>\nappraisal<br \/>\ndesignation?\u00a0 <\/p>\n<p>I inherited the passion for<br \/>\nreal estate from my father,<br \/>\nand the appraisal niche<br \/>\nseemed like a great option<br \/>\nfor me.<\/p>\n<p>Among commercial bro-<br \/>\nkers, the AACI designation<br \/>\ncarries a lot of weight and<br \/>\ncredibility.<\/p>\n<p>A means to differentiate<br \/>\nmyself in the work force<br \/>\nand to better serve the<br \/>\nhighly sophisticated end<br \/>\nof the real estate market.  <\/p>\n<p>It was a great way to gain<br \/>\nknowledge and an edge<br \/>\nfor someone starting out<br \/>\nin an often competitive<br \/>\nindustry.  <\/p>\n<p>It provides a strong<br \/>\nunderstanding of real<br \/>\nestate, applicable to a<br \/>\nvariety of jobs throughout<br \/>\nthe industry.<\/p>\n<p>Learning Advisory<br \/>\nBy erica Giesbrecht, AACI<\/p>\n<p>Member, Learning Advisory Committee<\/p>\n<p>The path less travelled:<br \/>\nnon-traditional valuation careers <\/p>\n<p>he transition from school to career can<br \/>\nbe a stressful time, but, with a little<br \/>\nresearch into the possibilities out there <\/p>\n<p>for an appraiser, the prospects are exciting. Some<br \/>\nwill choose fee appraisal, while others explore<br \/>\nso-called \u2018non-fee\u2019 opportunities \u2013 government,<br \/>\ninstitutional, and advisory work. Some specialize<br \/>\nand stick to their specialty for their careers, while<br \/>\nothers move around and apply gained knowl-<br \/>\nedge and experience to a variety of different <\/p>\n<p>roles. To shed some light on these alternative,<br \/>\nnon-traditional paths, five AIC members have<br \/>\nagreed to participate in a short Q&#038;A. <\/p>\n<p>Two of these Candidates, Mark and Tim,<br \/>\nhave chosen different paths, though both work<br \/>\nfor large, competing institutional firms. Mark has<br \/>\nnever worked as a fee appraiser and currently<br \/>\nspecializes in underwriting and analysis of<br \/>\ncommercial mortgage investments. Tim started<br \/>\nout in fee appraisal, but has since moved to the <\/p>\n<p>non-fee side, specializing in real estate invest-<br \/>\nment analysis. Though their backgrounds and<br \/>\nspecializations vary, they share a few similarities. <\/p>\n<p>Motivation to pursue an appraisal designation:<br \/>\nBoth feel an AACI provides an edge in a com-<br \/>\npetitive job market, and, furthermore, that the<br \/>\nAIC curriculum and training offers an excellent<br \/>\nknowledge base for the micro and macro factors<br \/>\nthat drive value. <\/p>\n<p>Work variety: Both state variety is what they <\/p>\n<p>T<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada40<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Learning Advisory Committee<br \/>\nClifford Smirl, AACI \u2013 Chair<br \/>\nPeter MacLellan, AACI<br \/>\nErica Giesbrecht, AACI<br \/>\nGlenn Fletcher, CRA<br \/>\nJohn Bridal, UBC<br \/>\nAndre Gravelle, UBC<br \/>\nSigne Holstein, ED, AIC \u2013 ON<br \/>\nThomas Fox, AACI \u2013 Board Liaison<br \/>\nTo contact this committee, email:<br \/>\nlac@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>enjoy most about their jobs. They both cover vast<br \/>\ngeographic areas, and work with a variety of<br \/>\nsizes and types of investment properties. Their<br \/>\ndaily responsibilities include valuations of owned<br \/>\nor mortgaged properties, reviewing third-party<br \/>\nappraisals, and assessing risk involved with<br \/>\npotential and existing investments. Mark enjoys<br \/>\nthat a typical day in mortgage investments could<br \/>\ninvolve working in the office or out in the field<br \/>\ninspecting properties all over British Columbia.<br \/>\nTim enjoys being able to work on projects involv-<br \/>\ning properties from vancouver Island to Halifax.<\/p>\n<p>Fee versus non-fee work: Despite Tim having<br \/>\nprevious fee appraisal experience and Mark not,<br \/>\ntheir views on the appeal of non-fee versus fee<br \/>\nwere similar. They both felt that fee appraisal <\/p>\n<p>lacks the variety of responsibilities they love<br \/>\nabout their current non-fee roles. From what<br \/>\nthey knew of the larger appraisal shops, neither<br \/>\nof them wanted to be limited to working on just<br \/>\none or two property types or a particular purpose,<br \/>\nsuch as strictly for tax appeals or expropriation. Tim<br \/>\nhighly values the experience he gained starting out<br \/>\nin fee appraisal but doesn\u2019t see himself returning<br \/>\nto it, while Mark expressed more openness to the<br \/>\npossibility of a future in fee appraisal.<\/p>\n<p>The high level of fluidity in all valuation work<br \/>\ncontributes to its appeal. AIC Candidates who<br \/>\nchoose to specialize in investment properties<br \/>\ncould find themselves in a number of exciting fee<br \/>\nand non-fee roles throughout their careers. For<br \/>\nthose of us who are just starting out in the busi-<\/p>\n<p>ness, the potential for such variety and flexibility<br \/>\nis very reassuring. <\/p>\n<p>experience our new online interactive edition<\/p>\n<p>ACI and its p<br \/>\nroducts are t<\/p>\n<p>rademarks o<br \/>\nr registered <\/p>\n<p>trademarks o<br \/>\nf ACI. | Copy<\/p>\n<p>right \u00a9 2011<br \/>\n ACI | Other b<\/p>\n<p>rand and pro<br \/>\nduct names <\/p>\n<p>are tradema<br \/>\nrks or registe<\/p>\n<p>red tradema<br \/>\nrks of their r<\/p>\n<p>espective ow<br \/>\nners.<\/p>\n<p>ACISketch<br \/>\n\u2122 is newly en<\/p>\n<p>hanced to i<br \/>\nnclude feat<\/p>\n<p>ures <\/p>\n<p>appraisers a<br \/>\nsked for. 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It\u2019s ju<br \/>\nst that easy<\/p>\n<p>!<\/p>\n<p>* Payable in<br \/>\nUS dollars.<\/p>\n<p>now<br \/>\nonly<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Trace scanne<br \/>\nd fl oor plans<\/p>\n<p> with Photom<br \/>\netrics.<\/p>\n<p>Photometric<br \/>\ns<\/p>\n<p>Auto-close y<br \/>\nour sketch u<\/p>\n<p>sing the F9 k<br \/>\ney.<\/p>\n<p>Complete A<br \/>\nrea Tool<\/p>\n<p>Unit of Mea<br \/>\nsure <\/p>\n<p>Switch betw<br \/>\neen standard<\/p>\n<p> feet or <\/p>\n<p>inches and s<br \/>\ntandard dec<\/p>\n<p>imal or <\/p>\n<p>metric units<br \/>\n, quickly and<\/p>\n<p> easily<\/p>\n<p>CRAL2010\u2122 U<br \/>\nsers<\/p>\n<p>Need a new<br \/>\n angle on sk<\/p>\n<p>etching?<\/p>\n<p>49$<br \/>\nIncludes CRA<\/p>\n<p>L Integration<\/p>\n<p>AppraisersC<br \/>\nhoice.com | <\/p>\n<p>800-234-872<br \/>\n7<\/p>\n<p>Call ACI Sa<br \/>\nles Today!<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Pr<br \/>\noperty<\/p>\n<p>VALUATION<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATION<\/p>\n<p>Immobili\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p> au Canada<br \/>\nVOLUME  55<\/p>\n<p>  |  BOOK 3<br \/>\n|  2011<\/p>\n<p>THE OFFICI<br \/>\nAL PUBLICA<\/p>\n<p>TION OF TH<br \/>\nE APPRAISA<\/p>\n<p>L INSTITUT<br \/>\nE OF CANA<\/p>\n<p>DA<\/p>\n<p>REAL VALU<br \/>\nE EXPERTS<\/p>\n<p>  |  EXPERT<br \/>\nS EN \u00c9VALU<\/p>\n<p>ATION<\/p>\n<p>The <\/p>\n<p>PrOfessION<br \/>\nAL<\/p>\n<p>VALUer<br \/>\nof the future<\/p>\n<p>PM<br \/>\n #<\/p>\n<p>40<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p>82<br \/>\n49<\/p>\n<p>  R<br \/>\net<\/p>\n<p>ur<br \/>\nn <\/p>\n<p>un<br \/>\nde<\/p>\n<p>liv<br \/>\ner<\/p>\n<p>ab<br \/>\nle<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nAd<\/p>\n<p>dr<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p>se<br \/>\ns <\/p>\n<p>to<br \/>\n:  <\/p>\n<p>Ap<br \/>\npr<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nsa<\/p>\n<p>l I<br \/>\nns<\/p>\n<p>tit<br \/>\nut<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nof<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> 4<br \/>\n03<\/p>\n<p>-2<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nat<\/p>\n<p>he<br \/>\nrin<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nSt<\/p>\n<p>.,<br \/>\nO<\/p>\n<p>tta<br \/>\nw<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n O<\/p>\n<p>N<br \/>\n K<\/p>\n<p>2P<br \/>\n 2<\/p>\n<p>K9<br \/>\n. E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\nin<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>What does bra<br \/>\nnding really m<\/p>\n<p>ean?<br \/>\nWhat does bra<\/p>\n<p>nding really m<br \/>\nean?Valuation as<\/p>\n<p> a global profe<br \/>\nssion<\/p>\n<p>Valuation as a<br \/>\n global profess<\/p>\n<p>ion<\/p>\n<p>CPV_Fall201<br \/>\n1_Book3.indd<\/p>\n<p>   1<\/p>\n<p>11-08-05   1:1<br \/>\n5 PM<\/p>\n<p>Mobile,<br \/>\niPad, iPhone <\/p>\n<p>versions<br \/>\nincluded!<\/p>\n<p>1. A realistic reading experience \u2013 This digital edition looks and feels like a real book:<br \/>\nflip-through pages, the sounds of turning pages, and even shading along the spine all<br \/>\nenhance your reading experience. This is the world\u2019s first full html5 solution on the market<br \/>\ngiving you the same interactive experience as the flash version. In addition to the book<br \/>\nlayout, you can also select a presentation view that presents single pages rather than the<br \/>\ntraditional double page layout.<\/p>\n<p>2. mobile, iPad, iPhone compatibility \u2013 The html5 resizes the publication<br \/>\nautomatically so that you can view the magazine on most mobile devices.<\/p>\n<p>3. eReader output \u2013 The eReader output option allows you to download \u2018eBook\u2019 files so<br \/>\nthat you can read the magazine on the growing number of eReaders such as Kindle, Nook<br \/>\nand iBooks.<\/p>\n<p>Our exciting new, user-friendly, interactive edition of Canadian Property Valuation includes:<br \/>\n4. Thumbnail view \u2013 You can select to show a thumbnail-style navigation panel that allows you to <\/p>\n<p>view the entire publication at once.<br \/>\n5. A share feature \u2013 You can share the digital publication with friends and colleagues via social <\/p>\n<p>networks, including Facebook and Twitter, or via email or google.<br \/>\n6. Active hyper-links connect you with all websites and emails contained in the publication.<br \/>\n7. Active links connect you to specific stories from the front cover and contents page.<br \/>\n8. Active links connect you to advertiser websites from their ads and the ad index.<br \/>\n9. Searchable and zoomable content allows you to search the entire issue for specific words, phrases, <\/p>\n<p>subjects, etc.<br \/>\n10. You can make CPV\u2019s content even more valuable by adding your own personal notes and bookmarks <\/p>\n<p>throughout each issue.<\/p>\n<p>To experience CPV online, visit www.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 41<\/p>\n<p>mailto:lac@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=5xBvOLHz5O#?secret=72AeAxHjBk\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Learning Advisory<\/p>\n<p>Spotlight on Continuing Professional Development<\/p>\n<p>FEED YOUR FUTURE<br \/>\nwith CPD FRIDAYS<\/p>\n<p>he UBC Real Estate Division continues its<br \/>\nseries of live online webinars on Friday,<br \/>\nJune 1 from 9 am-11 am Pacific time <\/p>\n<p>(12 pm-2 pm Eastern time). The webinars are<br \/>\ntwo-hour presentations by expert instructors, in<br \/>\nan interactive online classroom environment. By<br \/>\nattending the session and completing two hours<br \/>\nof pre-reading on your own, you will receive four<br \/>\nAIC CPD credit hours. There is no quiz or exam<br \/>\nrequired to receive these credits.<\/p>\n<p>This article highlights one upcoming webinar<br \/>\nin the UBC Real Estate Division\u2019s CPD Fridays<br \/>\nseries, CPD 135 Buy Smart &#8211; Commercial Property<br \/>\nInvestment. Feed Your Future! <\/p>\n<p>CPD 135: Buy Smart &#8211;<br \/>\nCommercial Property Investment<br \/>\nAnyone involved in real estate will occasionally<br \/>\ncome across deals that do not seem to make<br \/>\nsense: some real estate deals do not seem to<br \/>\nmake sense to appraisers.:<br \/>\n\u2022\t A\tprivate\tinvestor\tbuys\tan\tapartment\tbuilding\t<\/p>\n<p>for an exceptionally high price.<br \/>\n\u2022\t A\tREIT\tbuys\tseveral\trun-down\tretail\tplazas\tin\t<\/p>\n<p>a suburban neighbourhood. A Pension Fund<br \/>\nsells a well-performing office building in the<br \/>\ndowntown core, with little exposure to the<br \/>\nmarket.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t A\tLimited\tPartnership\tbuys\ta\tlargely\tvacant<br \/>\noffice building after a tenant with 80% of the<br \/>\nspace did not renew its lease.  <\/p>\n<p>You follow the market quite closely, you have as <\/p>\n<p>good a grasp of the fundamentals as anyone, and<br \/>\nyet you are at a loss to explain why these deals<br \/>\nhappened and at the prices they commanded.<br \/>\nYou know these are sophisticated market players<br \/>\nand they are anything but stupid \u2013 so what<br \/>\ndo they know that you don\u2019t? If these sales<br \/>\nare brought up as potential comparables in an<br \/>\nappraisal, the easiest solution might be to ignore<br \/>\nthem as non-market transactions. However, in<br \/>\ndoing so, you may be losing valuable market<br \/>\ninsight \u2013 the optimal solution is to dig a little<br \/>\ndeeper and try to better understand the motiva-<br \/>\ntion of the parties involved.<\/p>\n<p>Typically, any given commercial real estate<br \/>\ninvestor will follow a consistent decision model.<br \/>\nThey develop a game plan for how to out-<br \/>\ncompete the market, such as a niche where they<br \/>\ncan generate value above that of their com-<br \/>\npetitors \u2026 and once they have this successful<br \/>\nstrategy, they tend to stick to it. To the outsider,<br \/>\ntheir actions may appear to generate reported<br \/>\nsale prices and overall cap rates out of sync with<br \/>\ngeneral market trends. But, what appear to be<br \/>\nanomalies may, in fact, be a decision model that<br \/>\ndiffers from the market. Peeling apart these deals<br \/>\nis the key to understanding the behaviour and<br \/>\nmotivation of buyers and sellers of commercial<br \/>\nreal estate.  That is the basis for this webinar \u2013<br \/>\nunlocking the decision model puzzle within these<br \/>\ninvestment actions.<\/p>\n<p>This webinar will explore how each investor\u2019s<br \/>\ninvestment objectives are linked to a defined <\/p>\n<p>approach to balancing risks and rewards. Using<br \/>\nexamples of recent transactions, we will progress<br \/>\nto uncover elements of an acquisition deci-<br \/>\nsion model: identifying investment opportuni-<br \/>\nties and filtering out options with a combination<br \/>\nof investment metrics, market analysis, and<br \/>\nexperience. We also touch on the nuances in<br \/>\ndrafting contracts of purchase and sale and the<br \/>\ndue diligence process.   <\/p>\n<p>The primary focus in the webinar will be the<br \/>\nvarious investment metrics and tools used by<br \/>\ninvestors to measure the benefits of a potential<br \/>\nacquisition project. Of particular interest are the<br \/>\nmetrics commonly used by institutional inves-<br \/>\ntors, such as REITs and large private and public<br \/>\nreal estate investment corporations. We will<br \/>\nalso discuss the impact of financing on invest-<br \/>\nment viability and the importance of the spread<br \/>\nbetween loan rates and return on equity.<\/p>\n<p>At the conclusion of this webinar, students<br \/>\nshould have a greater appreciation for the invest-<br \/>\nment decision process and the approach that<br \/>\nlarge investment entities often take in adding or<br \/>\npruning properties from their portfolios.<\/p>\n<p>Webinar objective: provide a general<br \/>\nunderstanding of the investment decision model<br \/>\nfor larger commercial real estate investments.<br \/>\nStudents should have some knowledge or experi-<br \/>\nence with commercial real estate issues, includ-<br \/>\ning leasing and simple real estate metrics (e.g.,<br \/>\ncap rates and net operating income).<\/p>\n<p>After completing this webinar, students <\/p>\n<p>T<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada42<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>should be able to:<br \/>\n\u2022\t explain\tthe\tdecision\tmaking\tprocess\tfor\t<\/p>\n<p>acquisition of investment grade commercial<br \/>\nreal estate;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t describe\tthe\tdue\tdiligence\tprocess;<br \/>\n\u2022\t identify\tand\tmeasure,\tusing\thigh-level\tanalysis\t<\/p>\n<p>tools (metrics), the pros and cons of various<br \/>\ninvestment options;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t explain\tthe\timpact\tof\tfinancing\ton\tinvestment<br \/>\nreturn; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t develop\ta\tsimple\tbusiness\tcase\tfor\tthe\tdecision\t<\/p>\n<p>to buy or sell a commercial real estate asset.<br \/>\nSee you online!<\/p>\n<p>Upcoming CPD Friday webinars<br \/>\n\u2022\t Friday,\tJune\t1,\t2012:\tCPD 135: Buy Smart &#8212; <\/p>\n<p>Commercial Property Acquisition<br \/>\n\u2022\t Friday,\tSeptember\t7,\t2012:\tCPD 108: Seniors <\/p>\n<p>Facilities Valuation<br \/>\n\u2022\t Friday,\tOctober\t5,\t2012:\t<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; CPD 112: Real Estate Consulting \u2013 Forecasting<br \/>\n&#8211; CPD 128: Retail Property Valuation<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Friday,\tNovember\t2,\t2012:<br \/>\n&#8211; CPD 143: Automated Valuation Models <\/p>\n<p>(AVMs)<br \/>\n&#8211; CPD 122: Expropriation Valuation<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\t Friday,\tDecember\t7,\t2012:<br \/>\n&#8211; CPD 113: Request for Proposals (RFPs)<br \/>\n&#8211; CPD 129: Industrial Property Valuation<\/p>\n<p>For more information on these and other UBC<br \/>\nCPD offerings, please visit our website at   www.<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/webinar or www.realestate.ubc.<br \/>\nca\/cpd <\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeeling apart these deals is the key to understanding the behaviour<br \/>\nand motivation of buyers and sellers of commercial real estate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>PUB AIC 7\u201dx4.625\u201d<\/p>\n<p>New version of the Digital Signature Kit.<\/p>\n<p>Reduced annual subscription fees since January 2012.<\/p>\n<p>New volume discounts available on annual subscription fees.<\/p>\n<p>New partnerships forged with professional associations.<\/p>\n<p>Special limited-time sign-up promotion.<\/p>\n<p>Notarius is evolving\u2026<\/p>\n<p>To book an appointment for a live demonstration of our Digital Signature<br \/>\nKit, call us at 1-888-588-0011 (select option 3, followed by 1) or email<br \/>\nus at sales@notarius.com.<\/p>\n<p>Come see it all on our new website at www.notarius.com\/AIC<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 43<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/webinar<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/webinar<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/cpd<br \/>\nmailto:sales@notarius.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.notarius.com\/AIC<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Designations\/Candidates\/Students<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC), together with the provincial associations and the provincial bodies affiliated with the AIC, commend the following<br \/>\nmembers who completed the rigorous requirements for accreditation as a designated member of the AIC during the period January 28 to April 12, 2012:<br \/>\nL\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE), en collaboration avec les associations provinciales et les organismes provinciaux affili\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ICE, f\u00e9licitent les membres<br \/>\nsuivants qui ont compl\u00e9t\u00e9 le programme rigoureux d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation \u00e0 titre de membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE durant la p\u00e9riode du 28 janvier, 2012 au 12 avril, 2012 :<\/p>\n<p>AIC designations granted \/ D\u00e9signations obtenues de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \/ Stagiaires<br \/>\nAIC welcomed the following new Candidate members during the period January 28, 2012 to April 12, 2012:<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE souhaite la bienvenue aux personnes suivantes qui ont joint les rangs des membres stagiaires durant la p\u00e9riode du 28 janvier, 2012 au 12 avril, 2012 :<\/p>\n<p>ALBERTA<br \/>\nAbbas Hamzeh<br \/>\nTyler Hansen<br \/>\nMichael Luxton<br \/>\nKyle Malcolm<br \/>\nDylan Sidwell <\/p>\n<p>BRITIsH COLUmBIA<br \/>\nPhilippa Ahrens-Henrichsen<br \/>\nTheodore Chuang<br \/>\nSean Cranston<br \/>\nDonald Danbrook<br \/>\nScott E. Little<br \/>\nChris S. Maddalozzo<br \/>\nJessica Ryczkiewicz<br \/>\nJennifer Strauss<br \/>\nIan Yu-Yang Su<br \/>\nGraham Wood<br \/>\nFang Zou<\/p>\n<p>mANITOBA<br \/>\nRyan D. Bickerton<br \/>\nMark W. McDill<br \/>\nRobert James Penner<br \/>\nAnne M. Wowchuk<\/p>\n<p>NEWFOUNDLAND &#038;<br \/>\nLABRADOR<br \/>\nTerence Griffin <\/p>\n<p>NOVA sCOTIA<br \/>\nAlison Montena<br \/>\nWendell Sampson<br \/>\nChris Tanner<\/p>\n<p>ONTARIO<br \/>\nMichael R. Connell<br \/>\nAmit Dhand<br \/>\nCraig England<br \/>\nNick Jurich<\/p>\n<p>Students \/ \u00c9tudiants<br \/>\nThis category of membership serves as the first step on the path to designation for those completing their requirements for Candidate membership.<br \/>\nStudents considering the appraisal profession as a career option are also welcomed to this category of membership.<\/p>\n<p>Cette cat\u00e9gorie de membre  constitue la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape sur la voie de la d\u00e9signation pour ceux qui s\u2019affairent \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les exigences de la cat\u00e9gorie de membre stagiaire.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9tudiants qui contemplent une carri\u00e8re comme \u00e9valuateur professionnel sont bienvenus \u00e0 joindre cette cat\u00e9gorie de membre.<\/p>\n<p>Stephen Kerr<br \/>\nIrena Lechnowsky<br \/>\nDennis A. Montagnese<br \/>\nBenjamin Olugbemiro<br \/>\nGianmario Pighin<br \/>\nRajesh Rathi<br \/>\nAdam Schoones<br \/>\nNorma Siroski<br \/>\nThomas Tereshyn<br \/>\nMarco Torchia <\/p>\n<p>Accredited Appraiser  Canadian Institute<br \/>\nWe welcome and congratulate these individuals as fully accredited members of the<br \/>\nInstitute through the granting of their AACI designation.<br \/>\nAccueillons et f\u00e9licitons comme membres pleinement accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s de l\u2019Institut et leur<br \/>\naccordons avec fiert\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation AACI.<\/p>\n<p>ALBERTA<br \/>\nMark Berestiansky<br \/>\nSimon Chin<br \/>\nJesse Kramps<\/p>\n<p>BRITIsH COLUmBIA<br \/>\nDavid Deng<br \/>\nNicholas J. Mirsky<br \/>\nRupinder Rai<br \/>\nBrian C. Smith<\/p>\n<p>AACI<\/p>\n<p>mANITOBA<br \/>\nMelissa Shaw  <\/p>\n<p>ONTARIO<br \/>\nJonathan G. Bannister<br \/>\nRod Bowers<br \/>\nMatthew J. Bruchkowsky<br \/>\nJanine Haanstra<br \/>\nE Glenn Mariano<br \/>\nCameron A. McAlpine<\/p>\n<p>Qaiser S. Mian<br \/>\nRyan Richard Parker<br \/>\nMatthew J. Telford<br \/>\nLianne K. Weatherup<\/p>\n<p>QUEBEC<br \/>\nDiane Pr\u00e9vost<\/p>\n<p>CRA<\/p>\n<p>ALBERTA<br \/>\nAmandeep S. Dhanju<br \/>\nKatherine A. Hudson<br \/>\nDarren A. Ingram<br \/>\nDan MacDonell<br \/>\nScott David MacFarlane<br \/>\nDirk Erwin Schotz<br \/>\nMarc Tralnberg <\/p>\n<p>BRITIsH COLUmBIA<br \/>\nJason Paul Bristow<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Residential Appraiser<br \/>\nThese members are congratulated on the successful completion of the CrA<br \/>\ndesignation requirements.<br \/>\nNous f\u00e9licitons ces membres pour avoir compl\u00e9t\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s le programme menant \u00e0 la<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation CRA.<\/p>\n<p>Paul C. Ellis<br \/>\nJesse Song Jing<\/p>\n<p>NOVA sCOTIA<br \/>\nCathy-Lynn How <\/p>\n<p>ONTARIO<br \/>\nRobert D. Daum<br \/>\nDerrick Dupuis<br \/>\nDanny Gaskas<br \/>\nMichelle S. Landsperger<br \/>\nJennifer J. Long<\/p>\n<p>Stefano F. Pantarotto<br \/>\nTony P. Petruzzo<br \/>\nClarisse M. Williams  <\/p>\n<p>QUEBEC<br \/>\nPaul Ligeti<\/p>\n<p>sAskATCHEWAN<br \/>\nPaul Spriggs<\/p>\n<p>YUkON<br \/>\nCara Liane Campion<\/p>\n<p>QUEBEC<br \/>\nPhilippe Julien<\/p>\n<p>sAskATCHEWAN<br \/>\nScott Cheston<br \/>\nDerek Ramage<br \/>\nJeremy Sibley<\/p>\n<p>ALBERTA<br \/>\nRebecca A. Mulak <\/p>\n<p>BRITIsH COLUmBIA<br \/>\nRyan Kenis Peterson<br \/>\nSharon Xiao Dong Zhang <\/p>\n<p>ONTARIO<br \/>\nQinghai Hou<br \/>\nJiannan Max Ma<\/p>\n<p>Christopher J. Mason<br \/>\nJohn Smulders<br \/>\nMichael B. Yeo  <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada44<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>News<\/p>\n<p> IN MEMORIAM<br \/>\nThe following members of the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada have passed away. On<br \/>\nbehalf of everyone connected with the<br \/>\nInstitute and the profession, we extend<br \/>\nour sincerest sympathies to their families,<br \/>\nfriends and associates.<br \/>\nLes membres suivant de l\u2019Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Au nom de<br \/>\ntous ceux qui oeuvrent de pr\u00e8s ou de loin<br \/>\nau sein de l\u2019Institut et de la profession, nous<br \/>\nexprimons nos plus sinc\u00e8res condol\u00e9ances \u00e0<br \/>\nles familles, amis et associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Donald mcCallum, CRA, Ottawa, ON<br \/>\nJohn stetler, Candidate, Innisfil, ON<\/p>\n<p>SAVE THE DATE!<br \/>\nANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE  <\/p>\n<p>APPRAISAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA<\/p>\n<p>OTTAWA, ONTARIO, FAIRMONT CHATEAU LAURIER,<br \/>\nJUNE 6-9, 2012<\/p>\n<p>CRITICAL DATES<br \/>\nThe AIC would like to remind members that they have until Decem-<br \/>\nber 31, 2012, the end of the current five-year Continuing Professional<br \/>\nDevelopment (CPD) cycle, to complete the mandatory Professional<br \/>\nPractice Seminar.\u00a0Designated members earn 14 CPD credits upon<br \/>\nsuccessful completion of the seminar. <\/p>\n<p>Multiple two-day classroom sessions are being offered across<br \/>\nthe country, between now and the end of the year, by the provincial<br \/>\nassociations and affiliated provincial organizations. The AIC national<br \/>\noffice also offers members the option to complete the seminar<br \/>\nthrough distance education. Please visit the Conference &#038; Events<br \/>\nsection of the AIC website for more details and to register. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>mid-August 2012 &#8211; Member dues invoices notification emailed to<br \/>\nmembers<\/p>\n<p>september 30, 2012 &#8211; Member dues payable<\/p>\n<p>september 30, 2012 &#8211; Candidates must report their successfully<br \/>\ncompleted university courses taken between October 1, 2011 and<br \/>\nSeptember 30, 2012 using the online CPY reporting tool.<\/p>\n<p>December 31, 2012 &#8211; Final date for completion of 60 credits for<br \/>\ncurrent five-year CPD cycle. <\/p>\n<p>If you require CPD credits, attend the Annual Conference in Ottawa<br \/>\nJune 6-9 to obtain a minimum of 15 CPD credits.<\/p>\n<p>OUr CONCerN FOr<br \/>\nthe environment<br \/>\nIS MOre ThAN JUST TALK<br \/>\nThis magazine is printed on Forest Stewardship Council\u00ae (FSC\u00ae) certified<br \/>\npaper with vegetable oil-based inks. Please do your part for the<br \/>\nenvironment by reusing and recycling.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 45<\/p>\n<p>click here to return to table 0f contents<\/p>\n<p>Calendar of Events<\/p>\n<p>ON Professional Practice seminars<br \/>\nMay 25 &#038; 26                                 Mississauga<br \/>\nJune 1 &#038; 2                                     Hamilton<br \/>\nJune 13 &#038; 14                                 Mississauga<br \/>\nJune 15 &#038; 16                                 Mississauga<br \/>\nJuly 6 &#038; 7                                      Ottawa<br \/>\nSeptember 14 &#038; 15                      Renfrew<br \/>\nSeptember 28 &#038; 29                     Owen Sound<br \/>\nOctober 12 &#038; 13                           Barrie<br \/>\nOctober 19 &#038; 20                           Mississauga<br \/>\nNovember 2 &#038; 3                           Peterborough<br \/>\nNovember 16 &#038; 17                       Mississauga<br \/>\nNovember 30 &#038; December 1     London<br \/>\nDecember 7 &#038; 8                           Mississauga<br \/>\nDecember 14 &#038; 15                       Toronto<br \/>\nFor information or to register please log onto www.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nunder Provincial Site Click Ontario \u2013 Events, or contact Lorraine<br \/>\nAzzopardi at lorraine@oaaic.on.ca (416) 695-9333 Ext 222<\/p>\n<p>QC Professional Practice seminar<br \/>\nInstructor:  Laurent Brosseau<br \/>\nOctober 26 &#038; 27 (French) &#8211; Montreal<br \/>\nFor information contact aqice@aicanada.ca or<br \/>\n(866) 726-6916 or (613) 234-6533 or visit http:\/\/qc.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>NB For information please contact Jennifer Nemeth-MacArthur at<br \/>\nnbarea@nb.aibn.com or check www.nbarea.org<\/p>\n<p>Ns Professional Practice seminar<br \/>\nSeptember 27 &#038; 28, 2012<br \/>\nPark Place Hotel &#038; Conference Centre, Dartmouth<br \/>\nFor information contact Davida Mackay at nsreaa@nsappraisal.ns.ca or<br \/>\n(902) 422-4077 or check http:\/\/nsreaa.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>PE For information contact Suzanne Pater at peiaic@xplornet.com or<br \/>\n(902) 368-3355 or check http:\/\/pe.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>NL For information contact Susan Chipman at naaic@nf.aibn.com or<br \/>\n(709) 753-7644 or check http:\/\/newfoundland.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>AIC 2012 Annual AIC Conference<br \/>\nTheme: shape of Things to Come \u2013 strategies for success<br \/>\nJune 6 \u2013 9 2012<br \/>\nFairmont Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, Ontario<\/p>\n<p>BC Professional Practice seminars<br \/>\nMay 29 &#038; 30, 2012                       Fraser valley<br \/>\nJune 1 &#038; 2, 2012                           Lower Mainland<br \/>\nSeptember 14 &#038; 15, 2012           Prince George<br \/>\nOctober 26 &#038; 27, 2012                 Lower Mainland<br \/>\nNovember 23 &#038; 24, 2012            Okanagan<br \/>\nFor information contact info@appraisal.bc.ca<br \/>\nor  (604) 284-5515 or check www.appraisal.bc.ca<\/p>\n<p>AB For registration or further information, go to the Events section of our<br \/>\nwebsite: http:\/\/ab.aicanada.ca  or email us at aic.alberta@shawlink.ca<br \/>\nor call (403) 207-7892<\/p>\n<p>sk For information contact Marilyn Steranka at skaic@sasktel.net<br \/>\nor (306) 352-4195 or check http:\/\/saskatchewan.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>mB For information contact Pamela Wylie at mbaic@mts.net<br \/>\nor (204) 771-2982 or check http:\/\/manitoba.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>ON Principles of Wealth: The Wealth Code Decoded \u2122<br \/>\nJune 18, 2012 \u2013 Mississauga<br \/>\n9:00 am \u2013 12:00 pm<br \/>\nLending and Appraising<br \/>\n1:00 pm \u2013 4:00 pm<br \/>\nLitigation and the Real Estate Professional (Practice Case<br \/>\nstudies to Protect Yourself)<br \/>\nJune 22, 2012 \u2013 London<br \/>\n9:00 am \u2013 4:00 pm <\/p>\n<p>*If you are viewing an electronic version of this issue on the AIC web site, please click on these listings for active links to the advertisers\u2019 web sites.<\/p>\n<p>Advertiser Information Centre<\/p>\n<p>Please  <\/p>\n<p>support<br \/>\nour  <\/p>\n<p>advertisers<\/p>\n<p>www.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nvISIT US AT:<\/p>\n<p>Company    Page   Phone Number Website<br \/>\nACI 2,3 800-234-8727 www.appraiserschoice.com<br \/>\nAltus Group 47 416-221-1200 www.altusgroup.com<br \/>\nAtlantic Realty Advisors 35 www.ara.ca<\/p>\n<p>Bradford Technologies 4 800-622-8727 www.bradfordsoftware.com<br \/>\nCanadian Association of<br \/>\n   Accredited Mortgage Professionals 15 416-385-2333 www.caamp.org<br \/>\nCanadian Resource valuation Group 19 780-424-8856 www.crvg.com<br \/>\nCBRE Limited 48 416 494 0600 www.cbre.com<br \/>\nDouglas Cost Guides Inc. 37 877-284-0028 www.douglascostguide.com<br \/>\nECOLOG ERIS 13 888-245-5460 www.eris.ca<br \/>\nMeyers Norris Penny 7 403-444-0150 www.mnp.ca<br \/>\nNotarius 43 800-567-6703 www.notarius.com\/AIC<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation Volume 56 | Book 2 | 2012 \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada46<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=5xBvOLHz5O#?secret=72AeAxHjBk\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nmailto:lorraine@oaaic.on.ca<br \/>\nmailto:aqice@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/qc.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:nbarea@nb.aibn.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.nbarea.org<br \/>\nmailto:nsreaa@nsappraisal.ns.ca<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1sG7D2OtMZ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/nsreaa.ca\/\">Homepage<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Homepage&#8221; &#8212; Nova Scotia Real Estate Appraisers Association\" src=\"https:\/\/nsreaa.ca\/embed\/#?secret=YQaiAgTQic#?secret=1sG7D2OtMZ\" data-secret=\"1sG7D2OtMZ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nmailto:peiaic@xplornet.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/pe.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:naaic@nf.aibn.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/newfoundland.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@appraisal.bc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.appraisal.bc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/ab.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:aic.alberta@shawlink.ca<br \/>\nmailto:skaic@sasktel.net<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/saskatchewan.aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:mbaic@mts.net<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/manitoba.aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=5xBvOLHz5O#?secret=72AeAxHjBk\" data-secret=\"72AeAxHjBk\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.appraiserschoice.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.altusgroup.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Cm2AKBe2Dj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ara.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; ARA - Atlantic Realty Advisors\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ara.ca\/embed\/#?secret=PJs3N8Gqhn#?secret=Cm2AKBe2Dj\" data-secret=\"Cm2AKBe2Dj\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.bradfordsoftware.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.caamp.org<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"og7Noq3Q5Z\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/\">CRVG Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;CRVG Home&#8221; &#8212; CRVG - Canadian Resource Valuation Group\" src=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/embed\/#?secret=CrTu00G7he#?secret=og7Noq3Q5Z\" data-secret=\"og7Noq3Q5Z\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cbre.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gElRa3yOd0\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.douglascostguide.com\/\">Douglas Cost Guide: Estimate Rebuild &#038; Replacement Costs<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Douglas Cost Guide: Estimate Rebuild &#038; Replacement Costs&#8221; &#8212; Douglas Cost Guide\" src=\"https:\/\/www.douglascostguide.com\/embed\/#?secret=IgsWNFuIhd#?secret=gElRa3yOd0\" data-secret=\"gElRa3yOd0\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.eris.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.mnp.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.notarius.com\/AIC<\/p>\n<p>altusgroup.com     groupealtus.com<\/p>\n<p>info@altusgroup.com <\/p>\n<p>416.641.9500<\/p>\n<p>As Canada\u2019s most diverse consultants in the industry,<br \/>\nAltus has unparalleled expertise in:<\/p>\n<p>n Real estate market forecasting and analysis<\/p>\n<p>n Market information and perspective<\/p>\n<p>n Annual property and portfolio valuation<\/p>\n<p>n Financial due diligence<\/p>\n<p>n Legal support (including expert witness)<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 titre de soci\u00e9t\u00e9-conseil canadienne la plus diversifi\u00e9e<br \/>\nde l\u2019industrie, Altus  poss\u00e8de une expertise in\u00e9gal\u00e9e dans<br \/>\nles domaines suivants :<\/p>\n<p>n Analyse et pr\u00e9visions relatives au march\u00e9 immobilier<\/p>\n<p>n Renseignements et perspectives sur le march\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>n \u00c9valuation annuelle de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et de portefeuilles<\/p>\n<p>n  V\u00e9rification fonci\u00e8re pr\u00e9alable<\/p>\n<p>n Soutien juridique (notamment t\u00e9moin expert)<\/p>\n<p>Recherche, \u00e9valuation et services-conseils<br \/>\nServices-conseils en imp\u00f4t foncier<br \/>\nConsultation en analyse des co\u00fbts et gestion de projets<br \/>\nG\u00e9omatique<br \/>\nARGUS Software<\/p>\n<p>Research, Valuation and Advisory<br \/>\nRealty Tax Consulting<br \/>\nCost Consulting and Project Management<br \/>\nGeomatics<br \/>\nARGUS Software<\/p>\n<p>Market intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>Industry leadership.<\/p>\n<p>National Coverage. <\/p>\n<p>Connaissance approfondie<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Leader de l\u2019industrie. <\/p>\n<p>Port\u00e9e nationale.<\/p>\n<p>mailto:nationale.info@altusgroup.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.altusgroup.com<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca<br \/>\nCBRE Limited, Real Estate Brokerage<\/p>\n<p>The central precept of appraisal is a simple one:<\/p>\n<p>to reflect the actions and attitudes of the market<br \/>\nas accurately as possible.<\/p>\n<p>By virtue of the depth and scale of the CBRE platform, the <\/p>\n<p>Valuation and Advisory Services group is in a position to <\/p>\n<p>better understand the actions of the Canadian market-<\/p>\n<p>place than any other service provider in Canada. The goal <\/p>\n<p>of CBRE VAS is to lever this advantage and to provide the <\/p>\n<p>Canadian commercial industry with a unique offering: <\/p>\n<p>independent valuation services informed by CBRE\u2019s <\/p>\n<p>best in class research and market data coupled with <\/p>\n<p>industry leading expertise and a commitment to the <\/p>\n<p>highest level of client service.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\n416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>Gerald  McCrindle<br \/>\nSenior Vice President<br \/>\n416 495 6244<\/p>\n<p>CBRE CANADA<br \/>\nValuation and Advisory Services<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.cbre.ca<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":14163,"menu_order":18,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":""},"class_list":["post-30012","issue","type-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/30012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}