{"id":63793,"date":"2019-03-28T09:06:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-28T13:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=63793"},"modified":"2019-03-28T09:07:18","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T05:07:18","slug":"2019-volume-63-tome-1","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2019-volume-63-tome-1\/","title":{"rendered":"2019 &#8211; Volume 63 &#8211; Tome 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<br \/>\nVol 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 2019<\/p>\n<p>A FORENSIC APPRAISER\u2019S<br \/>\nPERSPECTIVE:<br \/>\nGOVERNMENT OVERPAID<br \/>\nFOR LAND RELYING<br \/>\nON UNAUTHORIZED<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL<br \/>\nPerspective d\u2019un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\nLe gouvernement a<br \/>\nsurpay\u00e9 un terrain en<br \/>\nse fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nnon autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>COMPETENCY AND THE<br \/>\nAPPRAISER<br \/>\nLa comp\u00e9tence et<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>VALUING THE TOUGH<br \/>\nONES: A PARTIALLY<br \/>\nRENOVATED, OLDER,<br \/>\nCUSTOM FOUR-PLEX<br \/>\nBUILDING<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation des plus<br \/>\ncomplexes : un vieux<br \/>\nquadruplex partiellement<br \/>\nr\u00e9nov\u00e9, fait sur mesure <\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>INSTALLATIONS<br \/>\nDE CANNABIS<\/p>\n<p>CANNABIS<br \/>\nFACILITIES <\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Learn how you can experience the difference at  avisonyoung.com\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>Avison Young Valuation &#038; Advisory Services<br \/>\nWe offer comprehensive real estate valuation and advisory<br \/>\nconsulting services, with all property types in major markets.  <\/p>\n<p>Our services include:<\/p>\n<p>Paul Stewart BA, AACI, P. App.<br \/>\nPrincipal &#038; Practice Leader<\/p>\n<p>paul.stewart@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\n905.968.8030<\/p>\n<p>Terry Taylor  B. Comm, AACI, P. App.<br \/>\nPrincipal &#038; Director<\/p>\n<p>terry.taylor@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\n403.228.4001 x 210<\/p>\n<p>Office IndustrialMulti-Family ConsultingLand PortfolioRetail<\/p>\n<p>The difference is<br \/>\nin the details<\/p>\n<p>COMMERCIAL &#038;<br \/>\nRESIDENTIAL<br \/>\nVALUATION<br \/>\nADVISORY<\/p>\n<p>PROPERTY TAX<br \/>\nCONSULTING<\/p>\n<p>EXPERT<br \/>\nWITNESS<\/p>\n<p>DISASTER<br \/>\nVALUATION<\/p>\n<p>MACHINERY &#038;<br \/>\nEQUIPMENT<br \/>\nVALUATION<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC.<br \/>\nREAL PROPERTY<br \/>\nAPPRAISALS.<br \/>\nCOMPREHENSIVE REAL<br \/>\nESTATE VALUATION AND<br \/>\nADVISORY SERVICES IN<br \/>\nALL CANADIAN MARKETS.<\/p>\n<p>Order online cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nor contact CDC direct<br \/>\nat 1-866-479-7922<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/avisonyoung.com\/valuations<br \/>\nmailto:paul.stewart@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\nmailto:terry.taylor@avisonyoung.com<\/p>\n<p>COMMERCIAL &#038;<br \/>\nRESIDENTIAL<br \/>\nVALUATION<br \/>\nADVISORY<\/p>\n<p>PROPERTY TAX<br \/>\nCONSULTING<\/p>\n<p>EXPERT<br \/>\nWITNESS<\/p>\n<p>DISASTER<br \/>\nVALUATION<\/p>\n<p>MACHINERY &#038;<br \/>\nEQUIPMENT<br \/>\nVALUATION<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC.<br \/>\nREAL PROPERTY<br \/>\nAPPRAISALS.<br \/>\nCOMPREHENSIVE REAL<br \/>\nESTATE VALUATION AND<br \/>\nADVISORY SERVICES IN<br \/>\nALL CANADIAN MARKETS.<\/p>\n<p>Order online cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nor contact CDC direct<br \/>\nat 1-866-479-7922<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>www<\/p>\n<p>Ready? <\/p>\n<p>Contact Brandi Heidler at:<br \/>\ncanada.careers@colliers.com<br \/>\nfor a confidential chat to learn <\/p>\n<p>more about our competitive<br \/>\ncompensation packages and <\/p>\n<p>the benefits of joining the<br \/>\nColliers Team. <\/p>\n<p>14 Offices<br \/>\n90 Professionals<br \/>\n4,500 Appraisals Each Year<br \/>\n1,250 Tax Appeals<\/p>\n<p>Interested in<br \/>\nbuilding value?<br \/>\nWe are actively seeking experienced<br \/>\ncommercial appraisers ready to take their<br \/>\ncareers to the next level.<\/p>\n<p>Accelerating success.<\/p>\n<p>Be inspired.<br \/>\nAt Colliers, we provide you with the tools to grow your business,<br \/>\nwhether you want to build a team and\/or become an asset type expert.<br \/>\nOur renowned educational platform, Colliers University, mentorship<br \/>\nstructure and innovative business model are just a few ways we can<br \/>\nhelp you build your career.   <\/p>\n<p>Be collaborative.<br \/>\nWork with a fun and supportive team of professionals across North<br \/>\nAmerica who are ready to lend a hand and share their expertise.<br \/>\nThis gives you the opportunity to work on a variety of asset classes<br \/>\nwith the support of our specialty asset type leaders. <\/p>\n<p>Be entrepreneurial.<br \/>\nWe give you the freedom and flexibility to build and manage your<br \/>\ncareer. Our role is to give you every advantage necessary to<br \/>\naccomplish your work efficiently so you can take that next step.  <\/p>\n<p>Colliers International Canada<br \/>\nValuation &#038; Advisory Services<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com\/vas<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/collierscanada.com\/vas<br \/>\nmailto:canada.careers@colliers.com<\/p>\n<p>The articles printed in<br \/>\nthis issue represent<br \/>\nauthors\u2019 opinions only<br \/>\nand are not necessarily<br \/>\nendorsed by the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute<br \/>\nof Canada. Copyright<br \/>\n2019 by the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada.<br \/>\nAll rights reserved.<br \/>\nReproduction in whole<br \/>\nor in part without<br \/>\nwritten permission<br \/>\nis strictly prohibited.<br \/>\nSubscription, $40.00 per<br \/>\nyear. Printed in Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les articles imprim\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nce num\u00e9ro ne rep\u00e9sentent<br \/>\nque l\u2019opinion de leur auteur<br \/>\nrespectif, mais ne sont pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9ces\u2013sairement endoss\u00e9s<br \/>\npar l\u2019Institut Canadien des<br \/>\n\u00c9valuateurs. Tous droits<br \/>\nreserv\u00e9s 2019 par l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs.<br \/>\nLa reproduction totale ou<br \/>\npartielle sous quelque<br \/>\nform que se soit sans<br \/>\nauthorisation \u00e9crite est<br \/>\nabsolument interdite.<br \/>\nAbonnement $40.00 par<br \/>\nann\u00e9e. Imprim\u00e9 au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>* The Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada reserves the right<br \/>\nto reject advertising that it<br \/>\ndeems to be inappropriate.<\/p>\n<p>** The publisher and the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\ncannot be held liable for<br \/>\nany material used or claims<br \/>\nmade in advertising included<br \/>\nin this publication.Indexed<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business<br \/>\nIndex and available on-line<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business &#038;<br \/>\nCurrent Affairs database.<br \/>\nISSN 0827-2697<\/p>\n<p>Publication Mails Agreement<br \/>\n#40008249<\/p>\n<p>Return undeliverable<br \/>\nCanadian addresses to:<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n403-200 Catherine St.,<br \/>\nOttawa, ON K2P 2K9.<br \/>\nEmail: info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Director &#8211; Communications:<br \/>\nPaul H\u00e9bert, Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>Publication management,<br \/>\ndesign and production by:<br \/>\nDirection, conception et<br \/>\nproduction par :<\/p>\n<p>3rd Floor \u2013 2020 Portage<br \/>\nAvenue, Winnipeg,<br \/>\nMB R3J 0K4<br \/>\nPhone: 866-985-9780<br \/>\nFax: 866-985-9799<br \/>\nE-mail: info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nWeb: www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Managing Editor:<br \/>\nCraig Kelman<\/p>\n<p>Design\/Layout:<br \/>\nTabitha Robin<\/p>\n<p>Marketing Manager:<br \/>\nKris Fillion<\/p>\n<p>Advertising Co-ordinator:<br \/>\nStefanie Hagidiakow<\/p>\n<p>08 Executive Corner<br \/>\nConstantly evolving to<br \/>\nremain competitive<\/p>\n<p>38 Professional Practice<br \/>\nMatters<br \/>\nCompetency and the<br \/>\nappraiser<\/p>\n<p>42 Marketing &#038;<br \/>\nCommunications<br \/>\nAIC by the Numbers<\/p>\n<p>44 Legal Matters<br \/>\nContamination<br \/>\nremediation costs<br \/>\nand expropriation<br \/>\ncompensation<\/p>\n<p>50 Advocacy<br \/>\nAdvocacy in Action<\/p>\n<p>54 The Future Is Bright<br \/>\nTyler Cockburn, AACI,<br \/>\nP.App: Time management<br \/>\nskills and diversified<br \/>\nservice are keys to<br \/>\ncareer success<\/p>\n<p>62 Designations\/<br \/>\nCandidates\/Students<\/p>\n<p>65 News<br \/>\n\u2022 Spotlight on Continuing<br \/>\n Professional Development<br \/>\n\u2022 In Memoriam<\/p>\n<p>10\t Le coin de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif<br \/>\nEn constante \u00e9volution<br \/>\npour rester comp\u00e9titif <\/p>\n<p>40\t Parlons de la pratique<br \/>\nprofessionelle<br \/>\nLa comp\u00e9tence et l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>42 Marketing et communications<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE en chiffres<\/p>\n<p>47 Questions juridiques<br \/>\nCo\u00fbts de d\u00e9contamination<br \/>\net indemnisation en cas<br \/>\nd&rsquo;expropriation <\/p>\n<p>52 D\u00e9fense<br \/>\nD\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre<\/p>\n<p>58 L\u2019avenir s\u2019annonce bien<br \/>\nTyler Cockburn, AACI, P.App :<br \/>\nLa gestion du temps et le<br \/>\nservice diversifi\u00e9 sont la<br \/>\ncl\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ussite<\/p>\n<p>62\t D\u00e9signations,<br \/>\nstagiaires, \u00e9tudiants<\/p>\n<p>65\t Nouvelles<br \/>\n\u2022 Pleins feux sur le<br \/>\n perfectionnement<br \/>\n professionnel continu<br \/>\n\u2022 En m\u00e9moire<\/p>\n<p>A forensic appraiser\u2019s perspective:<br \/>\ngovernment overpaid for land relying<br \/>\non unauthorized appraisal<\/p>\n<p>Perspective d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\nLe gouvernement a surpay\u00e9 un terrain en<br \/>\nse fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation non autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>Canadian cannabis production<br \/>\nand research facilities <\/p>\n<p>Installations canadiennes<br \/>\nde production et de recherche<br \/>\nsur le cannabis  <\/p>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<p>26<\/p>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<p>COLUMNS CHRONIQUES<\/p>\n<p>Valuing the tough ones:<br \/>\na partially renovated, older,<br \/>\ncustom four-plex building<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9valuation des plus complexes :<br \/>\nun vieux quadruplex partiellement<br \/>\nr\u00e9nov\u00e9, fait sur mesure<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Join us at the 2019 AIC Conference \u2013 Navigating the Future and network with appraisal professionals across Canada in<br \/>\nbreathtaking St. John\u2019s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Enjoy an <\/p>\n<p>education program geared towards the future of the appraisal industry.<br \/>\nThe Appraisal Institute of Canada is proud to announce its <\/p>\n<p>Keynote Speaker for the 2019 AIC Conference \u2013 Brad Gushue:<br \/>\nOlympic champion, Tim Hortons Brier champion for 2017 and<br \/>\n2018, and currently ranked #1 curler in the world.<\/p>\n<p>An impressive curling career has rewarded Brad with many<br \/>\nmajor accomplishments while representing Canada on the World<br \/>\ncurling circuit. In 2006, incredible teamwork and leadership<br \/>\nwon his team the gold medal at the Olympic Games. It marked<br \/>\nthe first time that a Canadian team has won the gold medal for<br \/>\nmen\u2019s curling. With his teammates, he also became the first<br \/>\nNewfoundlander ever to win an Olympic gold medal.<\/p>\n<p>At the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier, Brad set a new record<br \/>\nfor Brier game wins as a skip, breaking a three-way tie with<br \/>\nprevious record-holders. He and his rink also won the 2017<br \/>\nFord World Men\u2019s Curling Championship.<\/p>\n<p>During his presentation, Brad will share his thoughts on how<br \/>\nfocusing on building a strong team, mentoring teamwork, and<br \/>\novercoming all obstacles in high pressure environments was key<br \/>\nto their top performance. Brad inspires his audience through his<br \/>\nstories of leadership and how to prepare a team to succeed.<\/p>\n<p>The 2019 AIC Conference is also a great way to earn your<br \/>\nCPD credits for the year as there are many sessions that cater<br \/>\nto residential, non-residential and non-fee areas of interest.<br \/>\nAs a Conference delegate, you will earn 14 discretionary CPD<br \/>\ncredits. If attending the entire conference is not possible, we<br \/>\nalso have daily registration options to best suit your needs. <\/p>\n<p>In addition to these educational sessions, there will also be a<br \/>\nnumber of networking opportunities including a golf tournament<br \/>\nat The Wilds, a pre-conference hiking activity, a welcome reception<br \/>\nthat provides opportunities to reconnect with colleagues and<br \/>\nmake new connections, and a Newfoundland Kitchen Party for the<br \/>\nnetworking night that will take place at The Rooms.<\/p>\n<p>The 2019 AIC Conference is certain to be one of the top<br \/>\nCanadian valuation events of the year! We look forward to<br \/>\nseeing you in St. John\u2019s!<\/p>\n<p>Joignez-vous \u00e0 nous au Congr\u00e8s 2019 de l\u2019ICE &#8211; Naviguer le futur et faites du r\u00e9seautage avec des professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de partout<br \/>\nau Canada \u00e0 St. John\u2019s (Terre-Neuve et Labrador). Profitez d\u2019un <\/p>\n<p>programme de formation ax\u00e9 sur l\u2019avenir de l\u2019industrie de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<br \/>\nL\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs est fier d\u2019annoncer son <\/p>\n<p>conf\u00e9rencier principal au Congr\u00e8s 2019 de l\u2019ICE &#8211; Brad Gushue :<br \/>\nChampion olympique, champion du Tournoi Tim Horton\u2019s en 2017 et<br \/>\n2018, et pr\u00e9sentement class\u00e9 #1 mondial au curling. <\/p>\n<p>Une impressionnante et longue carri\u00e8re de curling a permis \u00e0 Brad de<br \/>\nnombreuses r\u00e9alisations majeures, y compris de repr\u00e9senter le Canada sur<br \/>\nle circuit mondial de curling. En 2006, son \u00e9quipe a remport\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d\u2019or<br \/>\naux Jeux olympiques gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un incroyable travail d\u2019\u00e9quipe et \u00e0 son leadership.<br \/>\nC\u2019\u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019une \u00e9quipe canadienne remportait la m\u00e9daille<br \/>\nd\u2019or en curling masculin. Avec ses co\u00e9quipiers, il est aussi devenu le premier<br \/>\nTerre-Neuvien \u00e0 remporter une m\u00e9daille d\u2019or olympique. <\/p>\n<p>Au Tournoi Tim Horton\u2019s 2018, Brad a \u00e9tabli un nouveau record de<br \/>\nvictoires en tant que capitaine, brisant une \u00e9galit\u00e9 \u00e0 trois avec les d\u00e9tenteurs<br \/>\nde records pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. En 2017, son \u00e9quipe et lui ont \u00e9galement remport\u00e9 le<br \/>\nChampionnat du monde de curling masculin Ford. <\/p>\n<p>Au cours de sa pr\u00e9sentation, Brad partage ses r\u00e9flexions sur<br \/>\nla fa\u00e7on dont le fait de se concentrer sur la formation d\u2019une \u00e9quipe<br \/>\nsolide, le mentorat du travail en \u00e9quipe et le fait de surmonter tous les<br \/>\nobstacles dans des environnements \u00e0 haute pression a \u00e9t\u00e9 la cl\u00e9 de leur<br \/>\nperformance sup\u00e9rieure. Brad inspire son auditoire par ses histoires sur<br \/>\nle leadership et sur la fa\u00e7on de pr\u00e9parer une \u00e9quipe \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir. <\/p>\n<p>Le Congr\u00e8s 2019 de l\u2019ICE est aussi un excellent moyen d\u2019obtenir vos cr\u00e9dits<br \/>\nde PPC pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e puisqu\u2019il y a plusieurs sessions qui s\u2019adressent aux<br \/>\nsecteurs r\u00e9sidentiels, non r\u00e9sidentiels et r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9. En tant que d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9(e) au<br \/>\nCongr\u00e8s, vous obtiendrez 14 cr\u00e9dits facultatifs de PPC. S\u2019il vous est impossible<br \/>\nd\u2019assister \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du Congr\u00e8s, nous avons \u00e9galement des options<br \/>\nd\u2019inscription quotidienne pour r\u00e9pondre au mieux \u00e0 vos besoins. <\/p>\n<p>En plus de ces s\u00e9ances \u00e9ducatives, il y aura aussi un certain nombre<br \/>\nd\u2019occasions de r\u00e9seautage, dont un tournoi de golf \u00e0 The Wilds, une activit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nrandonn\u00e9e pr\u00e9congr\u00e8s, une r\u00e9ception de bienvenue qui permettra de renouer<br \/>\navec des coll\u00e8gues et d\u2019\u00e9tablir de nouveaux liens, et une soir\u00e9e de cuisine<br \/>\nterre-neuvienne lors de la soir\u00e9e de r\u00e9seautage qui aura lieu \u00e0 The Rooms. <\/p>\n<p>Le Congr\u00e8s 2019 de l\u2019ICE sera certainement l\u2019un des \u00e9v\u00e9nements<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation les plus importants de l\u2019ann\u00e9e au Canada ! Au plaisir de<br \/>\nvous voir \u00e0 St. John\u2019s !<\/p>\n<p>BRAD GUSHUE <\/p>\n<p>REGISTER TODAY!<br \/>\nEarly Bird Rate available until April 17, 2019! <\/p>\n<p>Visit https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/2019-aic-conference <\/p>\n<p>INSCRIVEZ-VOUS D\u00c8S AUJOURD\u2019HUI !<br \/>\nTarif pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel disponible jusqu\u2019au 17 avril 2019 ! <\/p>\n<p>Visitez https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/2019-aic-conference <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 6 Return to CONTENTSCanadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 6<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/2019-aic-conference<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/2019-aic-conference<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 7<\/p>\n<p>2019 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING AGENDA<\/p>\n<p>1. Call to Order<br \/>\n2. Chair\u2019s Opening Remarks<br \/>\n3. Introduction of Past Presidents and Guests<br \/>\n4. Introduction of 2018-2019 Board of Directors<br \/>\n5. Introduction of Parliamentarian,  <\/p>\n<p>Sergeant at Arms and Scrutineers<br \/>\n6. Moment of Silence in Honour of Deceased Members<br \/>\n7. Confirmation of Quorum and Proxy\/Electronic Voting<br \/>\n8. Approval of Agenda<br \/>\n9. Approval of the Minutes of the 2018 Annual General Meeting<br \/>\n10. Business Arising from the Minutes<br \/>\n11. President\u2019s Report<br \/>\n12. CEO\u2019s Report<br \/>\n13. Report on Insurance Subsidiaries (FPLIC and Verity)<br \/>\n14. Presentation and Receipt of Audited Statements for the <\/p>\n<p>Year Ending December 31, 2018<br \/>\n15. Appointment of Public Accountant for Year Ending <\/p>\n<p>December 31, 2019<br \/>\n16. Election of the Board of Directors of the <\/p>\n<p> Appraisal Institute of Canada.<br \/>\n17. New Business<br \/>\n18. Adjournment <\/p>\n<p>ORDRE DU JOUR DE L\u2019ASSEMBL\u00c9E G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE ANNUELLE 2019 <\/p>\n<p>1. Rappel \u00e0 l\u2019ordre<br \/>\n2. Mot d\u2019ouverture du pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\n3. Pr\u00e9sentation des anciens pr\u00e9sidents et invit\u00e9s<br \/>\n4. Pr\u00e9sentation du Conseil d\u2019administration 2018-2019<br \/>\n5. Pr\u00e9sentation du parlementaire, du sergent d\u2019armes et des scrutateurs<br \/>\n6. Moment de silence en l\u2019honneur des membres d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s<br \/>\n7. Confirmation du quorum et du vote par procuration\/vote \u00e9lectronique<br \/>\n8. Approbation de l\u2019ordre du jour<br \/>\n9. Approbation du proc\u00e8s-verbal de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale annuelle de 2018<br \/>\n10. Affaires d\u00e9coulant du proc\u00e8s-verbal<br \/>\n11. Rapport du pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\n12. Rapport du chef de la direction<br \/>\n13. Rapport sur les filiales d\u2019assurance (FPLIC et Verity)<br \/>\n14. Pr\u00e9sentation et r\u00e9ception des \u00e9tats financiers v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s  <\/p>\n<p>pour l\u2019exercice se terminant le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2018<br \/>\n15. Nomination d\u2019un expert-comptable pour l\u2019exercice  <\/p>\n<p>se terminant le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2019<br \/>\n16. \u00c9lection du Conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\n17. Nouveaux sujets<br \/>\n18. Ajournement<\/p>\n<p>St. John\u2019s, NL<br \/>\nJUNE 5-8, 2019 | DU 5 AU 8 JUIN 2019<\/p>\n<p>Constantly evolving<br \/>\nto remain competitive<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>te<br \/>\nr <\/p>\n<p>M<br \/>\nc<\/p>\n<p>L<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>a<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>,<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>I,<br \/>\n P<\/p>\n<p>.A<br \/>\np<\/p>\n<p>p<\/p>\n<p>BY PETER MCLEAN, AACI, P.APP, President<\/p>\n<p>AND KEITH LANCASTLE, MBA, CAE, AACI (HON.), Chief Executive Officer<\/p>\n<p>K<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>ith<br \/>\n L<\/p>\n<p>a<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>stle<br \/>\n, A<\/p>\n<p>A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>I (H<br \/>\no<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\n.)<\/p>\n<p>Over the past several years,<br \/>\nthe Appraisal Institute<br \/>\nof Canada (AIC)<br \/>\nhas undertaken a<br \/>\nsignificant re-<br \/>\nengineering and<br \/>\nre-focusing. This<br \/>\nis coming at a time<br \/>\nwhen the demands<br \/>\non the profession <\/p>\n<p>are changing rapidly<br \/>\n\u2013 and based on what<br \/>\nstakeholders are saying,<br \/>\nthe pace of change is only<br \/>\ngoing to increase. <\/p>\n<p>The AIC Board and<br \/>\nstaff have been focused<br \/>\non four areas intended<br \/>\nto help AIC Members <\/p>\n<p>continue to compete<br \/>\nin a dynamic<br \/>\nmarketplace. <\/p>\n<p>Promotion of Members<\/p>\n<p>This pillar is aimed at promoting the<br \/>\ndiverse range of services you can provide<br \/>\nto your clients. <\/p>\n<p>We have focused our attention on the<br \/>\nstakeholders that actually engage our <\/p>\n<p>Members \u2013 lenders, brokers, etc. We<br \/>\nlaunched a new website in 2018 and we<br \/>\nhave taken a much more active role on<br \/>\nsocial media to drive traffic to the site.  <\/p>\n<p>All of these efforts, combined with our<br \/>\ncomprehensive advertising campaign,<br \/>\nproduced nearly 23 million digital impressions<br \/>\nin 2018. That is the number of times that the<br \/>\nmessage \u201cAACIs or CRAs are the professionals<br \/>\nof choice\u201d was seen and\/or heard.  <\/p>\n<p>Diversification of the profession<\/p>\n<p>This is an area of which we are particularly<br \/>\nproud \u2013 and this is the area that is most<br \/>\ncritical to the future of the profession.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past several years, the Board<br \/>\nhas expanded the Canadian Uniform<br \/>\nStandards of Professional Appraisal Practice<br \/>\n(CUSPAP) to include new standards for<br \/>\nReserve Fund Studies, for Machinery and<br \/>\nEquipment, and for Mass Appraisal. <\/p>\n<p>Each of these areas builds on the skills<br \/>\nwe have as appraisers and helps us to<br \/>\nmove beyond the traditional work that<br \/>\nhas been under so much pressure. Put<br \/>\nanother way, these standards present new<br \/>\nbusiness opportunities and areas where<br \/>\nMembers can expand their practices.<\/p>\n<p>It is AIC\u2019s responsibility to help<br \/>\nidentify opportunities for growth and<br \/>\ndiversification. But, it falls to each of us to<br \/>\ndecide how we will respond. <\/p>\n<p>Advocacy <\/p>\n<p>Over the past few years, AIC has made<br \/>\ngreat strides in making its voice<br \/>\nheard in the public policy arena.<br \/>\nIncreasingly, we are seen as<br \/>\ntrusted and credible advisors to<br \/>\nthe federal government. <\/p>\n<p>Advocacy is about advancing<br \/>\nthe public good and creating<br \/>\nbetter alignment between<br \/>\nour work\/interests and<br \/>\npublic policy. Achieving this<br \/>\nobjective requires ongoing,<br \/>\npersistent and consistent<br \/>\nwork over the long term.<br \/>\nDecision-makers need to<br \/>\nhear the same message,<br \/>\nwhether it is being<br \/>\ndelivered by the national<br \/>\noffice, provincial affiliates, or<br \/>\nindividual Members.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, AIC<br \/>\nappeared before the House<br \/>\nof Commons Standing<br \/>\nCommittee on Finance, worked<br \/>\nwith Provincial affiliates to<br \/>\nmake numerous submissions to<br \/>\ngovernment at both the federal<br \/>\nand provincial level, and<br \/>\nhad scores of meetings<br \/>\nwith Parliamentarians<br \/>\nand Provincial MLAs <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 8 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>and MPPs. In our messaging, we spoke out<br \/>\nin favour of Canada\u2019s regulatory regime \u2013<br \/>\nnot because it is good for us, but because<br \/>\nit protects the market and Canadians. We<br \/>\npointed to the failures in other countries and<br \/>\nspoke to why the Canadian solution continues<br \/>\nto make sense.<\/p>\n<p>Since the advent of the B20 regulations,<br \/>\nwe have seen a shift in the marketplace;<br \/>\nborrowers are increasingly seeking financing<br \/>\noptions from non OSFI-regulated lenders.<br \/>\nSome of these lenders do not apply the<br \/>\nsame rigour in their mortgage and finance<br \/>\nunderwriting as the major lenders. In some<br \/>\ncases, they may grant credit based solely on<br \/>\nthe value of collateral and\/or may not even<br \/>\nconsider the borrower\u2019s creditworthiness.<br \/>\nCompounding these issues is the fact that<br \/>\nsome of these lenders may grant loans at<br \/>\nelevated and risky Loan to Value (LTV) ratios<br \/>\n\u2013 sometimes up to 100%. These practices<br \/>\ncan lead to increased default rates, which<br \/>\nincreases the liability exposure for our<br \/>\nMembers, and can destabilize the economy.   <\/p>\n<p>We have been more active on the<br \/>\nadvocacy front in 2018 than ever before,<br \/>\nand we are increasingly at the right tables,<br \/>\nhaving the right conversations with the<br \/>\nright people. <\/p>\n<p>I encourage you to turn to page 50 for<br \/>\nan overview of all these activities and<br \/>\nrelated accomplishments, including our<br \/>\ncollaborations with Provincial affiliates.<\/p>\n<p>Vibrant and engaged membership <\/p>\n<p>AIC continues to grow at a time when most<br \/>\norganizations in our space are, at best,<br \/>\nholding their own. Despite retirements and<br \/>\nattrition, we are still growing \u2013 albeit slowly.<\/p>\n<p>However, we know we cannot take this<br \/>\nfor granted and that is why we are focused<br \/>\non the \u2018membership experience.\u2019 In other<br \/>\nwords, how we deal with you, and how we<br \/>\ndeliver on our services.<\/p>\n<p>We have worked to improve the insurance<br \/>\nprogram, and, while many members see<br \/>\ninsurance as a necessary evil, we are<br \/>\nconfident that we have a first class program<br \/>\nthat is there to protect you, and your family,<br \/>\nin the event you face a claim.<\/p>\n<p>There is a myth out there that \u2018bad\u2019 appraisers<br \/>\ndoing \u2018bad\u2019 work are the only ones that get sued.<br \/>\nThis could not be further from the truth; all<br \/>\nappraisers, including the most professional and<br \/>\ndiligent, face real liability risks. When litigation<br \/>\narises, there is a need to aggressively defend the<br \/>\naction in order to keep costs down.<\/p>\n<p>Changes to our program in recent years have<br \/>\nincreased our access to reliable aggregate data<br \/>\non the causes of claims as well as on strategies<br \/>\nto reduce the risks and costs of claims. This data<br \/>\nis helping AIC to develop programs and policies<br \/>\nthat will further enhance the AIC Professional<br \/>\nLiability Insurance Program.<\/p>\n<p>Improved data is giving us better insight into<br \/>\nclaims and that has translated into very stable<br \/>\npremiums at a time when markets across the<br \/>\ncountry have been quite volatile. <\/p>\n<p>And, we have continued to make changes<br \/>\nin an effort to reduce your liability exposure;<br \/>\nthe most recent changes being to the <\/p>\n<p>mandatory 0518 forms. The latest version<br \/>\nof the forms and accompanying limiting<br \/>\nconditions include a number of measures<br \/>\naimed at protecting Members and<br \/>\nlimiting exposure, while enabling quality<br \/>\nwork that responds to client needs.  <\/p>\n<p>One of our marketing planks is<br \/>\nbased, in part, on the excellence of<br \/>\nour education process. This is an area<br \/>\nwhere we are global leaders through our<br \/>\nongoing partnerships with two leading<br \/>\nuniversities: UBC and ULaval. We remain<br \/>\nfocused on providing the best service we<br \/>\ncan, because we believe that is the key to<br \/>\nensuring a thriving and vibrant appraisal<br \/>\nprofession in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past few years, we have<br \/>\nachieved a lot, but there is much more that<br \/>\nwe need to do, and that you have asked us to<br \/>\ndo. Standing pat is not an option; change is<br \/>\ncoming and we must be ready to respond. <\/p>\n<p>Suite 101, 24 Inglewood Drive, St. Albert, AB T8N 6K4<\/p>\n<p>Please send resumes to: info@crvg.com<br \/>\nAACI &#038; Candidates<\/p>\n<p>Tel: (780) 424-8856  \u2022  Fax: (587) 290-2267<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 9Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6NfFwogyVe\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/\">CRVG Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;CRVG Home&#8221; &#8212; CRVG - Canadian Resource Valuation Group\" src=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/embed\/#?secret=GP0earjbwK#?secret=6NfFwogyVe\" data-secret=\"6NfFwogyVe\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nmailto:info@crvg.com<\/p>\n<p>En constante \u00e9volution<br \/>\npour rester comp\u00e9titif<br \/>\nPAR PETER MCLEAN, AACI, P.APP, Pr\u00e9sident<\/p>\n<p>ET KEITH LANCASTLE, MBA, CAE, AACI (HON.), Chef de la direction<\/p>\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\n(ICE) a entrepris<br \/>\nune importante<br \/>\nrestructuration<br \/>\net recentrement.<br \/>\nCela advient \u00e0 un<br \/>\nmoment o\u00f9 les<br \/>\nexigences impos\u00e9es \u00e0 <\/p>\n<p>la profession changent<br \/>\nrapidement \u2013 et d\u2019apr\u00e8s ce<br \/>\nque disent les intervenants<br \/>\n\u2013 le rythme du changement<br \/>\nva en s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant. <\/p>\n<p>Le Conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration et le<br \/>\npersonnel de l\u2019ICE se sont<br \/>\nconcentr\u00e9s sur quatre <\/p>\n<p>domaines destin\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\naider les membres<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE \u00e0 demeurer <\/p>\n<p>comp\u00e9titifs sur un<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 dynamique. <\/p>\n<p>Promotion des membres <\/p>\n<p>Ce pilier vise \u00e0 promouvoir la diversit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nla gamme de services que vous pouvez<br \/>\noffrir \u00e0 vos clients.  <\/p>\n<p>Nous avons concentr\u00e9 notre<br \/>\nattention sur les intervenants qui<br \/>\nembauchent r\u00e9ellement nos membres<br \/>\n\u2013 pr\u00eateurs, courtiers, etc. Nous avons<br \/>\nlanc\u00e9 un nouveau site Web en 2018<br \/>\net nous avons jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le beaucoup<br \/>\nplus actif sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux pour<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rer du trafic sur le site. <\/p>\n<p>Tous ces efforts, combin\u00e9s \u00e0 notre<br \/>\nvaste campagne publicitaire, ont produit<br \/>\npr\u00e8s de 23 millions d\u2019impressions<br \/>\nnum\u00e9riques en 2018. C\u2019est le nombre de<br \/>\nfois que le message \u00ab Les AACI ou les<br \/>\nCRA sont des professionnels de choix \u00bb<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 vu et\/ou entendu.  <\/p>\n<p>Diversification de la profession <\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes particuli\u00e8rement<br \/>\nfiers de ce domaine \u2013 et c\u2019est celui<br \/>\nqui est le plus important pour l\u2019avenir<br \/>\nde la profession. <\/p>\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le<br \/>\nConseil a \u00e9largi les Normes uniformes<br \/>\nde pratique professionnelle en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada (NUPPEC) afin<br \/>\nd\u2019inclure de nouvelles normes pour les<br \/>\n\u00e9tudes des fonds de r\u00e9serve, pour la<br \/>\nmachinerie et l\u2019\u00e9quipement et pour les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations de masse.  <\/p>\n<p>Chacun de ces domaines s\u2019appuie<br \/>\nsur les comp\u00e9tences que nous<br \/>\nposs\u00e9dons en tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuateurs <\/p>\n<p>et nous aide \u00e0 aller au-del\u00e0 du travail<br \/>\ntraditionnel qui fait pr\u00e9sentement l\u2019objet<br \/>\nde tant de pression. En d\u2019autres<br \/>\ntermes, ces normes pr\u00e9sentent<br \/>\nde nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s<br \/>\nd\u2019affaires et des domaines dans<br \/>\nlesquels les membres peuvent<br \/>\n\u00e9tendre leur pratique. <\/p>\n<p>Il incombe \u00e0 l\u2019ICE d\u2019aider<br \/>\n\u00e0 cerner les possibilit\u00e9s<br \/>\nde croissance et de<br \/>\ndiversification. Mais c\u2019est<br \/>\n\u00e0 chacun d\u2019entre nous<br \/>\nde d\u00e9cider comment en<br \/>\ntirer parti. <\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats <\/p>\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es, l\u2019ICE a fait<br \/>\nde grands progr\u00e8s \u00e0<br \/>\ntitre de porte-parole<br \/>\ndans le domaine des<br \/>\npolitiques publiques.<br \/>\nDe plus en plus, nous<br \/>\nsommes per\u00e7us comme<br \/>\ndes conseillers cr\u00e9dibles<br \/>\net dignes de confiance par le<br \/>\ngouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.  <\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9fense de nos<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats consiste \u00e0<br \/>\npromouvoir le bien<br \/>\npublic ainsi que <\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>te<br \/>\nr <\/p>\n<p>M<br \/>\nc<\/p>\n<p>L<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>a<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>,<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>I,<br \/>\n P<\/p>\n<p>.A<br \/>\np<\/p>\n<p>p<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nith<\/p>\n<p> L<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nc<\/p>\n<p>a<br \/>\nstle<\/p>\n<p>, A<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nI (H<\/p>\n<p>o<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>.)<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 10 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>travailler \u00e0 une meilleure harmonie entre<br \/>\nnotre travail\/nos int\u00e9r\u00eats et la<br \/>\npolitique publique. La r\u00e9alisation de<br \/>\ncet objectif exige un travail continu,<br \/>\npersistant et coh\u00e9rent \u00e0 long terme. Les<br \/>\npreneurs de d\u00e9cision doivent entendre le<br \/>\nm\u00eame message, qu\u2019il soit transmis par<br \/>\nle bureau national, les affili\u00e9s provinciaux<br \/>\nou les membres individuels. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019an dernier, l\u2019ICE a comparu devant<br \/>\nle Comit\u00e9 permanent des finances de la<br \/>\nChambre des communes, a collabor\u00e9<br \/>\navec des affili\u00e9s provinciaux afin de<br \/>\npr\u00e9senter de nombreux m\u00e9moires au<br \/>\ngouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et provincial, et<br \/>\na tenu de nombreuses r\u00e9unions avec<br \/>\ndes parlementaires et des d\u00e9put\u00e9s<br \/>\nprovinciaux. Dans nos messages, nous<br \/>\nnous sommes prononc\u00e9s en faveur du<br \/>\nr\u00e9gime de r\u00e9glementation du Canada \u2013<br \/>\nnon pas parce qu\u2019il est bon pour nous,<br \/>\nmais parce qu\u2019il prot\u00e8ge le march\u00e9 et<br \/>\nles Canadiens. Nous avons soulign\u00e9<br \/>\nles \u00e9checs d\u2019autres pays et expliqu\u00e9<br \/>\npourquoi la solution canadienne<br \/>\ncontinue d\u2019avoir du sens. <\/p>\n<p>Depuis l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur des<br \/>\nlignes directrices B20, le march\u00e9 a<br \/>\nchang\u00e9; les emprunteurs recherchent<br \/>\nde plus en plus d\u2019options de<br \/>\nfinancement aupr\u00e8s de pr\u00eateurs non<br \/>\nr\u00e9glement\u00e9s par le BSIF. Certains<br \/>\nde ces pr\u00eateurs n\u2019appliquent pas la<br \/>\nm\u00eame rigueur dans leur souscription<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caire et financi\u00e8re que les<br \/>\nprincipaux pr\u00eateurs. Dans certains<br \/>\ncas, ils peuvent accorder un cr\u00e9dit<br \/>\nuniquement en fonction de la valeur<br \/>\nde la garantie ou m\u00eame ne pas<br \/>\ntenir compte de la solvabilit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nl\u2019emprunteur. Ces probl\u00e8mes sont<br \/>\naggrav\u00e9s par le fait que certains de<br \/>\nces pr\u00eateurs peuvent accorder des<br \/>\npr\u00eats \u00e0 des rapports pr\u00eat\/valeur<br \/>\n(RPV) \u00e9lev\u00e9s et risqu\u00e9s &#8211; parfois<br \/>\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 100 %. Ces pratiques peuvent<br \/>\nentra\u00eener une augmentation des taux<br \/>\nde d\u00e9faillance, ce qui accro\u00eet le risque<br \/>\nde responsabilit\u00e9 pour nos membres et<br \/>\npeut d\u00e9stabiliser l\u2019\u00e9conomie.  <\/p>\n<p>Nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 plus actifs sur le<br \/>\nfront de la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats en<br \/>\n2018 que jamais auparavant, et nous<br \/>\nsommes de plus en plus aux bonnes<br \/>\ntables, ayant les bonnes conversations<br \/>\navec les bonnes personnes. <\/p>\n<p>Je vous encourage \u00e0 consulter la<br \/>\npage 52 pour un aper\u00e7u de toutes ces<br \/>\nactivit\u00e9s et r\u00e9alisations connexes, y<br \/>\ncompris nos collaborations avec les<br \/>\naffili\u00e9s provinciaux. <\/p>\n<p>Des effectifs  <\/p>\n<p>dynamiques et engag\u00e9s  <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE continue de cro\u00eetre \u00e0 un moment<br \/>\no\u00f9 la plupart des organisations de notre<br \/>\nespace sont, dans le meilleur des cas,<br \/>\nstagnantes. Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9parts \u00e0 la<br \/>\nretraite et l&rsquo;usure, nous continuons de<br \/>\ncro\u00eetre, quoique lentement. <\/p>\n<p>Cependant, nous savons que nous<br \/>\nne pouvons pas tenir cela pour acquis et<br \/>\nc\u2019est pourquoi nous nous concentrons<br \/>\nsur \u00ab l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00bb. En<br \/>\nd\u2019autres termes, comment nous vous<br \/>\nservons et comment nous fournissions<br \/>\nnos services. <\/p>\n<p>Nous avons travaill\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019am\u00e9lioration du programme<br \/>\nd\u2019assurance et, bien que de nombreux<br \/>\nmembres consid\u00e8rent l\u2019assurance<br \/>\ncomme un mal n\u00e9cessaire, nous<br \/>\nsommes convaincus que nous avons<br \/>\nun programme de premi\u00e8re classe qui<br \/>\nest l\u00e0 pour vous prot\u00e9ger, vous et votre<br \/>\nfamille, en cas de r\u00e9clamation.<\/p>\n<p>Il existe un mythe selon lequel<br \/>\nles \u00ab mauvais \u00e9valuateurs \u00bb, ceux qui<br \/>\nfont du \u00ab mauvais travail \u00bb sont les<br \/>\nseuls \u00e0 \u00eatre poursuivis. Il n\u2019y a rien<br \/>\nde plus faux : tous les \u00e9valuateurs, y<br \/>\ncompris les plus professionnels et les<br \/>\nplus diligents, sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 de r\u00e9els<br \/>\nrisques de responsabilit\u00e9. En cas de<br \/>\nlitige, il est n\u00e9cessaire de se d\u00e9fendre<br \/>\nvigoureusement contre l&rsquo;action en<br \/>\njustice afin de limiter les co\u00fbts. <\/p>\n<p>Les changements apport\u00e9s \u00e0 notre<br \/>\nprogramme au cours des derni\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es ont accru notre acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des <\/p>\n<p>donn\u00e9es globales fiables sur les<br \/>\ncauses des r\u00e9clamations ainsi que<br \/>\nsur les strat\u00e9gies visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les<br \/>\nrisques et les co\u00fbts des r\u00e9clamations.<br \/>\nCes donn\u00e9es aident l\u2019ICE \u00e0 \u00e9laborer<br \/>\ndes programmes et des politiques qui<br \/>\nam\u00e9lioreront davantage le Programme<br \/>\nd\u2019assurance responsabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nprofessionnelle de l\u2019Institut. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019am\u00e9lioration des donn\u00e9es nous<br \/>\na permis de dresser un meilleur<br \/>\nportrait des r\u00e9clamations, ce qui<br \/>\ns\u2019est traduit par des bonus tr\u00e8s<br \/>\nstables \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 les march\u00e9s<br \/>\npartout au pays traversaient une<br \/>\np\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s volatile.  <\/p>\n<p>De plus, nous avons continu\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019apporter des changements dans<br \/>\nle but de r\u00e9duire votre exposition au<br \/>\nrisque de responsabilit\u00e9, les plus<br \/>\nr\u00e9cents changements \u00e9tant apport\u00e9s<br \/>\naux formulaires obligatoires 0518.<br \/>\nLa derni\u00e8re version des formulaires<br \/>\net les conditions limitatives qui les<br \/>\naccompagnent comprennent un certain<br \/>\nnombre de mesures visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger<br \/>\nles membres et \u00e0 limiter l\u2019exposition,<br \/>\ntout en permettant un travail de qualit\u00e9<br \/>\nqui r\u00e9pond aux besoins des clients. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019un de nos volets de marketing est<br \/>\nfond\u00e9, en partie, sur l\u2019excellence de<br \/>\nnotre processus d\u2019\u00e9ducation. C\u2019est un<br \/>\ndomaine dans lequel nous sommes<br \/>\ndes chefs de file mondiaux gr\u00e2ce \u00e0<br \/>\nnos partenariats permanents avec<br \/>\ndeux universit\u00e9s de premier ordre :<br \/>\nl\u2019U.C.-B. et ULaval. Nous demeurons<br \/>\nconcentr\u00e9s sur la prestation du<br \/>\nmeilleur service possible, car<br \/>\nnous croyons que c\u2019est la cl\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\nprofession de l\u2019\u00e9valuation prosp\u00e8re et<br \/>\ndynamique au Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,<br \/>\nnous avons accompli beaucoup de<br \/>\nchoses, mais il nous reste encore<br \/>\nbeaucoup \u00e0 faire, et que vous nous<br \/>\navez demand\u00e9 de faire. L\u2019inertie n\u2019est<br \/>\npas une option; des changements s\u2019en<br \/>\nviennent et nous devons \u00eatre pr\u00eats \u00e0<br \/>\nles affronter. <\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 11Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>VALUING\tTHE\tTOUGH\tONES:<br \/>\nA PARTIALLY RENOVATED, OLDER, CUSTOM FOUR-PLEX BUILDING<\/p>\n<p>BY GEORGE CANNING,  <\/p>\n<p>AACI, P. APP<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 12 Return to CONTENTSCanadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 12 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n<p>As real estate markets tighten,<br \/>\nwhereby demand is outstripping<br \/>\nsupply, it is not uncommon for real<br \/>\nestate owners to alter real property in<br \/>\norder to maximize profits. More often<br \/>\nthan not, financing is involved because<br \/>\nof the high costs of renovations or<br \/>\na change to an alternative use. This<br \/>\nmeans that an appraisal report will<br \/>\nbe triggered. In the case on which<br \/>\nthis article is based, an appraisal was<br \/>\nrequired for mortgage financing and<br \/>\nthen the property was abruptly sold<br \/>\non the open marketplace in \u2018as Is\u2019<br \/>\ncondition. This article will delve into<br \/>\nthe valuation aspects of a custom-built<br \/>\n90-year-old four-plex in Ontario that is<br \/>\nin an unfinished state of repair.  <\/p>\n<p>The valuer must determine from<br \/>\nthe outset whether or not the project<br \/>\nis worth doing. There is no point in<br \/>\nwriting an appraisal report that is<br \/>\nintended to aid the owner, when the<br \/>\nfinal result of the analysis will lead to<br \/>\na disappointing conclusion. To some<br \/>\ndegree, it is like putting the cart before<br \/>\nthe horse, but some early steps in the<br \/>\nhighest and best use process need<br \/>\nto be quickly brought to the surface.<br \/>\nThree items need to be addressed: the<br \/>\narchitecture, the physical aspects of<br \/>\nthe building, and the location of the<br \/>\nproperty. The direction of the demand<br \/>\nof the subject real estate will be dealt<br \/>\nwith later.<\/p>\n<p>THE PROPERTY<\/p>\n<p>The subject building\u2019s architecture<br \/>\nreflects several different designs<br \/>\nranging from Tudor to Italian<br \/>\nRenaissance. The eyebrow dormers<br \/>\nare more associated with homes in<br \/>\nthe latter half of the 19th century and,<br \/>\nsubsequently, extended to the 1950s.<br \/>\nThe projected window bays (front and<br \/>\nrear) are Tudor in design (1890-1930),<br \/>\nas are the vertical and horizontal<br \/>\nboarding above the front door and<br \/>\nsides, plus the added garages. There is<br \/>\nno question that the subject building is<br \/>\narchitecturally appealing.  <\/p>\n<p>There are two units on each floor,<br \/>\nwith a wide front entrance staircase <\/p>\n<p>and hallway. The units range in size<br \/>\nfrom 1,000-1,200 square feet. Each<br \/>\nunit offers good utility, with a spacious<br \/>\nliving room and bedroom quarters.  <\/p>\n<p>The location of the property is near<br \/>\nto a major roadway and within an area<br \/>\nnoted for older and architecturally<br \/>\npleasing single-family homes.<\/p>\n<p>HIGHEST AND BEST USE<\/p>\n<p>If the early stages of the highest and<br \/>\nbest use pass the initial testing, then<br \/>\na more concrete use needs to be<br \/>\ndeveloped relative to the marketplace,<br \/>\nthe official plan, and the zoning<br \/>\ndesignation on the property. For the<br \/>\nsake of brevity, we ascertained that <\/p>\n<p>TIMES SERIES PLOT; SALE PRICE VERSUS TIME PERIOD<\/p>\n<p>S<br \/>\na<br \/>\nle<\/p>\n<p> P<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>300000<\/p>\n<p>250000<\/p>\n<p>200000<\/p>\n<p>150000<\/p>\n<p>100000<\/p>\n<p>Month    Mar          Jul           Nov          Mar          Jul          Nov          Mar          Jul<br \/>\n   Year    2015                2016             2017<\/p>\n<p>Graph 1<\/p>\n<p>HISTOGRAPH OF SALE PRICE<br \/>\nNormal<\/p>\n<p>F<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>q<br \/>\nu<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\ny<\/p>\n<p>Sale Price<\/p>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<p>0<br \/>\n$100,000.00     $150,000.00     $200,000.00     $250,000.00    $300,000.00<\/p>\n<p>Mean 205700<br \/>\nStDev 51045<br \/>\nN 25<\/p>\n<p>Graph 2<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 13Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>the three most highest and best use<br \/>\nconclusions are:<br \/>\n(A) high-end executive rentals,<br \/>\n(B) condominium conversion, and<br \/>\n(C) above average quality rentals.<\/p>\n<p>(A) We contacted a number of suppliers<br \/>\nof executive rental suites in the subject<br \/>\ncommunity and found that this market<br \/>\ntends to be sparse, with high operating<br \/>\ncosts, high vacancies, and a fickle<br \/>\nclientele. This use was eliminated.<\/p>\n<p>(B) The subject building is 90 years<br \/>\nold and it was important to ascertain<br \/>\nthe market for condo units within<br \/>\nbuildings of this age in the subject<br \/>\ncommunity. We searched all sales from<br \/>\nJanuary 1, 2015 forward of condo units<br \/>\nin buildings built between 1900 and<br \/>\n1950. As shown in Graph 1, there were<br \/>\nonly 31 observations.<\/p>\n<p>The most current sales are shown<br \/>\non the right side of the graph. The dark<br \/>\nline is a LOWESS smoother, which does<br \/>\nexactly what the name implies. We are<br \/>\nseeing a steady market with not much<br \/>\nchange in pricing between March 2015<br \/>\nand current.<\/p>\n<p>A histogram of the sale prices is<br \/>\ndepicted in Graph 2.<\/p>\n<p> The sales have a reasonably normal<br \/>\ndistribution, with the majority of the<br \/>\nsales in the $175,000-$225,000 range.<br \/>\nThe Mean price is $205,700, with a<br \/>\nStandard Deviation of $51,045.  <\/p>\n<p>The mathematics show that, from<br \/>\nJanuary 1, 2015 to the date of the<br \/>\nvaluation (late 2017), there were only<br \/>\napproximately 10 units selling per year.<br \/>\nThat is a very \u2018thin\u2019 marketplace, which<br \/>\nsuggests that this is not an appropriate<br \/>\nHighest and Best Use for the property. <\/p>\n<p>(C) The third possible use is as an<br \/>\nabove average rental unit building. We<br \/>\nanalyzed the sales data of four-plex<br \/>\nunits selling in the City of London from<br \/>\nJanuary 1, 2005 forward. The data<br \/>\nshown in Graph 3 indicates a trend<br \/>\nline that is stable. There were only<br \/>\n17 observational data sale points of<br \/>\nfour-plexes selling over $500,000.<\/p>\n<p>There were approximately 165 sales,<br \/>\nwhich reflects an active marketplace.<br \/>\nThe general trend of four-plex sales <\/p>\n<p>has shown an increase, but a levelling<br \/>\noff has been occurring, as shown on the<br \/>\ngraph\u2019s far right, which represents the<br \/>\nmost current sales. We suspect that<br \/>\nmany of the sale observations are not<br \/>\nnecessarily custom-built four-plexes,<br \/>\nbut ones that have been converted<br \/>\nfrom a house, for example. Out of the<br \/>\n160 sales used in this analysis, there<br \/>\nwere about 45 that were deemed to<br \/>\nbe custom-built. This would not be<br \/>\ndeemed abnormal, since there were not<br \/>\nthat many custom-built four-plexes in<br \/>\nthe subject\u2019s community.  <\/p>\n<p>Given the three possible Highest<br \/>\nand Best Uses for the subject property,<br \/>\nit was concluded that the Highest and<br \/>\nBest Use would be for an above average<br \/>\nrental building once the renovations<br \/>\nwere all completed.<\/p>\n<p>METHOD OF VALUATION<\/p>\n<p>The selected method of valuation<br \/>\nwas the Income Approach (IA), which<br \/>\nwe elected to use as the only viable<br \/>\napproach to value. The staging of this<br \/>\napproach would start with the valuation<br \/>\nof the subject property as if it were<br \/>\ntotally renovated and occupied by<br \/>\ntenants. We found no sales of four-<br \/>\nplex+- buildings in the marketplace<br \/>\nthat required extensive renovations at<br \/>\nthe time they were sold. The potential <\/p>\n<p>buyer of the subject property is going to<br \/>\nbe drawn to the net operating income<br \/>\nafter the renovations are completed<br \/>\nas an income producing investment.<br \/>\nThe IA would be more sensitive to the<br \/>\nperspective of the buyer than the Direct<br \/>\nComparison Approach (DCA).  <\/p>\n<p>Certainly, the argument could be<br \/>\nmade to value the subject property along<br \/>\nthe same vein as the IA as if completed<br \/>\nand occupied, but use a DCA. There<br \/>\nwere certainly sales of these types of<br \/>\nproperties in the marketplace. The<br \/>\ndecision not to use a DCA in this manner<br \/>\nwas a question of simply not repeating the<br \/>\nsame process as would be found in the IA<br \/>\nconclusions. Valuers do not always have to<br \/>\nuse two or three approaches to valuation<br \/>\nwhen one would suffice. It is best to put<br \/>\nanalytical energy into the best approach.<\/p>\n<p>In order to ascertain the possible<br \/>\nrent of the subject property after the<br \/>\nrenovations were complete, it was<br \/>\nnecessary to review market comparable<br \/>\nrents. Various rents in older renovated<br \/>\nconverted buildings were found and rents<br \/>\nwere ascribed to the subject building. An<br \/>\nappropriate vacancy and collection loss<br \/>\nwas applied to the gross rents to arrive at<br \/>\nan Effective Gross Income. The first stage<br \/>\nof the IA was complete.<\/p>\n<p>The greatest difficulty of the IA is in<br \/>\nthe allocation of the expenses. In the case <\/p>\n<p>TIMES SERIES PLOT; SALE PRICE VERSUS TIME PERIOD<\/p>\n<p>S<br \/>\na<br \/>\nle<\/p>\n<p> P<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>1800000<\/p>\n<p>1600000<\/p>\n<p>1400000<\/p>\n<p>1200000<\/p>\n<p>1000000<\/p>\n<p>800000<\/p>\n<p>600000<\/p>\n<p>400000<\/p>\n<p>200000<\/p>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<p>Month    Apr           Apr            Apr           Apr           Apr            Apr           Apr<br \/>\n   Year   2005         2007          2009         2011         2013          2015          2017<\/p>\n<p>Graph 3<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 14 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PROPERTY TYPE CAP RATE<\/p>\n<p>5 plex 4.11% &#8211; 4.9%(student 5.42%)<\/p>\n<p>7 plex 5.5%<\/p>\n<p>9 plex 6.2%<\/p>\n<p>4 plex 5.36% to 6.05%<\/p>\n<p>where the valuer is confronted with<br \/>\na rental building that is unfinished, it<br \/>\nis not correct to rely on any historical<br \/>\nexpenses, since they are not a<br \/>\nreflection of a total renovated building.<br \/>\nTherefore, the expenses also need to<br \/>\nbe market derived and should be drawn<br \/>\nfrom examples of renovated four-plex<br \/>\nbuildings sold in the marketplace.<\/p>\n<p>The actual valuation of the subject<br \/>\nproperty after renovations is a<br \/>\nfunction of applying an appropriate<br \/>\ncapitalization rate to the net operating<br \/>\nincome in order to arrive at a value of<br \/>\nthe property \u2018upon\u2019 completion and<br \/>\noccupancy. When analyzing cap rates<br \/>\nfrom the marketplace, it is best to put<br \/>\nthem in a grid or column fashion as<br \/>\nshown below.<\/p>\n<p>After reviewing the data, the main<br \/>\nquestion is: where does the rate of<br \/>\nreturn fall that would be applicable to<br \/>\nthat of the subject property? At this<br \/>\nstage, the valuer should be doing a<br \/>\ncomplete review of the property in<br \/>\nterms of the quality of renovations to<br \/>\nbe made to the building, the location<br \/>\nof the property, and the quality of the<br \/>\ntenants that would occupy the units.<br \/>\nThis exercise will aid the valuer in<br \/>\nchoosing a tighter cap rate range<br \/>\napplicable to the subject property, as<br \/>\nopposed to simply using the rate ranges<br \/>\nas indicated.   <\/p>\n<p>We summarized the completed<br \/>\nvalue of the subject property at<br \/>\n$1,025,000-$1,127.000. However, the<br \/>\nappraiser needs to determine the \u2018as is\u2019<br \/>\nmarket value of the subject property.<br \/>\nThis involves a number of further steps.<\/p>\n<p>OTHER CONSIDERATIONS<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, there are two other deducts<br \/>\nthat need to be made:<\/p>\n<p>1. the cost to renovate the building, and<br \/>\n2. entrepreneurial profit.<\/p>\n<p>For the sake of saving some appraisal<br \/>\nfee dollars, some appraisers make the<br \/>\nmistake of doing one of the following:<br \/>\n1. relying on renovation figures from <\/p>\n<p>the owner,<br \/>\n2. estimating the renovation costs <\/p>\n<p>themselves, or<br \/>\n3. using a cost estimating manual.<\/p>\n<p>All three are the poorest sources for<br \/>\ndetermining renovation costs. Unless<br \/>\nthe owner can provide a written<br \/>\nestimate from a reliable contractor,<br \/>\n#1 is not acceptable. <\/p>\n<p>Costing buildings is specialized<br \/>\nwork. Before undertaking this type of<br \/>\nwork, an appraiser should ensure that<br \/>\nhe or she is qualified and competent<br \/>\nto do so. If not, and if the client does<br \/>\nnot want to pay for the services of a<br \/>\ncost estimator or contractor, then it is<br \/>\nbetter to decline the job. <\/p>\n<p>Cost manuals for renovation work<br \/>\nshould be avoided and, in my opinion,<br \/>\nshould not be used. They have proven<br \/>\nto be incorrect more times than not,<br \/>\nbased upon my 40 years of experience.  <\/p>\n<p>Relying on a good costing expert,<br \/>\nthe cost to renovate the subject<br \/>\nproperty was around $193,000. We<br \/>\ncan then deduct this amount from the<br \/>\nvaluation of the subject property, after<br \/>\ncompletion and occupancy. This will<br \/>\ntake the \u2018as is\u2019 market value of the<br \/>\nproperty down to $832,000-$934,000.<\/p>\n<p>The investor of the property \u2018going<br \/>\ninto\u2019 the project needs to be rewarded<br \/>\nfor the risk of the venture. He or she will<br \/>\nmost likely experience a six-month time<br \/>\ndelay to finish the renovations and occupy<br \/>\nthe units. Why did we use a rate of 10%? <\/p>\n<p>Ideally, it would be nice to have<br \/>\nthree to four examples of a similar<br \/>\nproject with which the valuer could<br \/>\nfollow through and extract the amount<br \/>\nof entrepreneurial profit. However, it<br \/>\nis not a perfect world when it comes<br \/>\nto real estate valuation.  <\/p>\n<p>Ten percent is the undisputed<br \/>\nrate of return in real estate that<br \/>\nseems to reflect properties that are<br \/>\nmarketable, older, and have some<br \/>\nhigh maintenance. The tenants would<br \/>\nbe average. The subject will be totally<br \/>\nrenovated on the interior, including a<br \/>\nnew roof, windows, etc. These facts<br \/>\nalone would suggest a rate lower than<br \/>\nthe 10%. However, the investor needs<br \/>\nto have some allowance for the \u2018risk\u2019<br \/>\nof taking on the project. That was<br \/>\nthe rationalization for determining<br \/>\nthe 10% rate. After making that<br \/>\nallowance, it further decreased the<br \/>\n\u2018as is\u2019 market value of the property<br \/>\nto $800,000-$899,000. The selected<br \/>\nsingle point estimate was at $890,000.<\/p>\n<p>The property was listed on the<br \/>\nMLS system of the subject community<br \/>\nand it was listed for $790,000 (quite a<br \/>\nvote of confidence with regards to our<br \/>\nappraised value). There was an offer<br \/>\nfor $800,000 that did not materialize,<br \/>\nand the property subsequently sold for<br \/>\n$935,000. The difference between the<br \/>\nappraised value and the market price<br \/>\n(note that we did not use the phrase<br \/>\nmarket value) is a difference of 5.05%.<\/p>\n<p>SUMMARY<\/p>\n<p>Correct valuation conclusions<br \/>\ncan be realized on renovation<br \/>\nprojects by deducing the correct<br \/>\nhighest and best use of the property,<br \/>\nby obtaining proper costing<br \/>\ninformation, and by analyzing the<br \/>\nlocal market thoroughly. It takes<br \/>\ntime to write these types of reports<br \/>\nbecause the path towards valuation<br \/>\nis never clear with properties<br \/>\nthat have been sitting for a long<br \/>\ntime in various states of repair. It<br \/>\nfurther exacerbates the seeking of<br \/>\nmarket value when the property has<br \/>\ngood locational attributes and the<br \/>\nmarketplace is aggressive. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 15Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n<p>Alors que les march\u00e9s immobiliers<br \/>\nse resserrent et que la demande<br \/>\nd\u00e9passe l\u2019offre, il n\u2019est pas rare que les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taires immobiliers modifient leurs<br \/>\nbiens immobiliers afin d\u2019optimiser leurs<br \/>\nprofits. Le plus souvent, ils ont recours au<br \/>\nfinancement en raison des co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9novations ou d\u2019un changement <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019utilisation. Cela signifie qu\u2019un rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation sera command\u00e9. Dans<br \/>\nle cas sur lequel se fonde cet article,<br \/>\nune \u00e9valuation \u00e9tait requise pour le<br \/>\nfinancement hypoth\u00e9caire, puis la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 brusquement vendue sur<br \/>\nle march\u00e9 libre dans l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00ab tel quel \u00bb.<br \/>\nCet article se penchera sur les aspects de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019un quadruplex construit sur <\/p>\n<p>mesure en Ontario il y a 90 ans et qui est<br \/>\ndans en  \u00e9tat de r\u00e9novations inachev\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit d\u00e9terminer d\u00e8s<br \/>\nle d\u00e9part si le projet en vaut la peine<br \/>\nou non. Il ne sert \u00e0 rien de r\u00e9diger un<br \/>\nrapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation destin\u00e9 \u00e0 aider le<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taire lorsque le r\u00e9sultat final<br \/>\nde l\u2019analyse aboutit \u00e0 une conclusion<br \/>\nd\u00e9cevante. Dans une certaine mesure, <\/p>\n<p>PAR GEORGE CANNING,  <\/p>\n<p>AACI, P. APP<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9VALUATION\tDES\tPLUS\tCOMPLEXES\t:<br \/>\nUN VIEUX QUADRUPLEX PARTIELLEMENT R\u00c9NOV\u00c9, FAIT SUR MESURE <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 16 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>c\u2019est comme mettre la charrue avant<br \/>\nles b\u0153ufs, mais il faut rapidement faire<br \/>\nremonter \u00e0 la surface certaines \u00e9tapes<br \/>\ninitiales du processus d\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale. Trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments doivent \u00eatre<br \/>\nabord\u00e9s : l\u2019architecture, les aspects<br \/>\nphysiques du b\u00e2timent et l\u2019emplacement<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. La direction de la<br \/>\ndemande de l\u2019immeuble en objet sera<br \/>\ntrait\u00e9e plus tard. <\/p>\n<p>LA PROPRI\u00c9T\u00c9<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019architecture du b\u00e2timent en question<br \/>\nrefl\u00e8te plusieurs conceptions diff\u00e9rentes<br \/>\nallant du style Tudor \u00e0 celui de la<br \/>\nRenaissance italienne. Les lucarnes \u00e0<br \/>\nchapeau de gendarme sont davantage<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9es aux maisons de la deuxi\u00e8me<br \/>\nmoiti\u00e9 du 19e si\u00e8cle et, par la suite, se<br \/>\nsont \u00e9tendues jusqu\u2019aux ann\u00e9es 1950.<br \/>\nLes baies vitr\u00e9es projet\u00e9es (avant<br \/>\net arri\u00e8re) sont de conception Tudor<br \/>\n(1890-1930), de m\u00eame que les panneaux<br \/>\nverticaux et horizontaux au-dessus de<br \/>\nla porte avant et des c\u00f4t\u00e9s, ainsi que les<br \/>\ngarages ajout\u00e9s. Il ne fait aucun doute<br \/>\nque le b\u00e2timent en question est attrayant<br \/>\nsur le plan architectural.  <\/p>\n<p>Il y a deux unit\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tage, avec<br \/>\nun large escalier d\u2019entr\u00e9e avant et un<br \/>\ncouloir. La taille des unit\u00e9s varie de 1 000<br \/>\n\u00e0 1 200 pieds carr\u00e9s. Chaque unit\u00e9 offre<br \/>\nune bonne utilit\u00e9, avec une salle de s\u00e9jour<br \/>\nspacieuse et des chambres \u00e0 coucher.   <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019emplacement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 se<br \/>\ntrouve \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une route principale,<br \/>\ndans un secteur r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour ses maisons<br \/>\nunifamiliales anciennes et agr\u00e9ables sur<br \/>\nle plan architectural. <\/p>\n<p>UTILISATION OPTIMALE<\/p>\n<p>Si les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale r\u00e9ussissent les essais initiaux,<br \/>\nil faudra alors \u00e9laborer une utilisation<br \/>\nplus concr\u00e8te par rapport au march\u00e9,<br \/>\nau plan d\u2019am\u00e9nagement officiel et au<br \/>\nzonage de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Par souci de<br \/>\nconcision, nous avons \u00e9tabli que les<br \/>\ntrois meilleures conclusions en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation optimale sont :<br \/>\n(A) unit\u00e9s haut de gamme pour  <\/p>\n<p> cadres sup\u00e9rieurs,<br \/>\n(B) conversion en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9, et<br \/>\n(C) unit\u00e9s de qualit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0  <\/p>\n<p> la moyenne. <\/p>\n<p>(A) Nous avons communiqu\u00e9 avec un<br \/>\ncertain nombre de fournisseurs de<br \/>\nlogements de location pour cadres dans<br \/>\nla collectivit\u00e9 vis\u00e9e et nous avons constat\u00e9<br \/>\nque ce march\u00e9 est plut\u00f4t rare, que les<br \/>\nco\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s, que les<br \/>\nlogements vacants sont nombreux et que<br \/>\nla client\u00e8le est volatile. Cette possibilit\u00e9<br \/>\nd&rsquo;utilisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9limin\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>(B) Le b\u00e2timent en question a 90 ans et<br \/>\nil \u00e9tait important de conna\u00eetre le march\u00e9<br \/>\ndes logements en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour les<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents de cet \u00e2ge dans la communaut\u00e9<br \/>\nen question. Nous avons recherch\u00e9 toutes<br \/>\nles ventes \u00e0 partir du 1er janvier 2015<br \/>\nde logements en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 dans les<br \/>\nimmeubles construits entre 1900 et 1950.<br \/>\nComme le montre le graphique 1, il n\u2019y a <\/p>\n<p>DIAGRAMME DE S\u00c9RIE CHRONOLOGIQUE; PRIX DE VENTE PAR P\u00c9RIODE<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>x<br \/>\n d<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\n v<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>te<\/p>\n<p>300000<\/p>\n<p>250000<\/p>\n<p>200000<\/p>\n<p>150000<\/p>\n<p>100000<\/p>\n<p>Mois      Mars      Juillet   Novembre   Mars     Juillet    Novembre  Mars      Juillet<br \/>\nAnn\u00e9e    2015                2016             2017<\/p>\n<p>Graphique 1<\/p>\n<p>HISTOGRAMME DES PRIX DE VENTE<br \/>\nNormal<\/p>\n<p>F<br \/>\nr\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>q<br \/>\nu<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\ne<\/p>\n<p>Prix de vente<\/p>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<p>0<br \/>\n$100,000.00     $150,000.00     $200,000.00     $250,000.00    $300,000.00<\/p>\n<p>Moyenne 205700<br \/>\n\u00c9cart-type 51045<br \/>\nN 25<\/p>\n<p>Graphique 2<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 17Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>eu que 31 observations de ventes de<br \/>\ncette nature. <\/p>\n<p>Les ventes les plus r\u00e9centes sont<br \/>\nindiqu\u00e9es sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 droit du graphique.<br \/>\nLa ligne sombre est un lisseur LOWESS,<br \/>\nqui fait exactement ce que le nom<br \/>\nimplique. Nous observons un march\u00e9<br \/>\nstable avec peu de changement dans les<br \/>\nprix entre mars 2015 et aujourd\u2019hui. <\/p>\n<p>Un histogramme des prix de vente est<br \/>\npr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au graphique 2. <\/p>\n<p>Les ventes affichent une distribution<br \/>\nraisonnablement normale, la majorit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes ventes se situant entre 175 000 $ et<br \/>\n225 000 $. Le prix moyen est de 205 700 $,<br \/>\navec un \u00e9cart-type de 51 045 $.  <\/p>\n<p>Les math\u00e9matiques montrent<br \/>\nqu\u2019entre le 1er janvier 2015 et la date<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9valuation (fin 2017), il n\u2019y a eu<br \/>\nqu\u2019environ 10 unit\u00e9s vendues par ann\u00e9e.<br \/>\n Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un march\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00ab mince \u00bb, ce<br \/>\nqui donne \u00e0 penser qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agit pas<br \/>\nd\u2019une utilisation optimale appropri\u00e9e pour<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<p>(C) La troisi\u00e8me utilisation possible<br \/>\nest celle d\u2019un immeuble locatif de qualit\u00e9<br \/>\nsup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne. Nous avons<br \/>\nanalys\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur les ventes<br \/>\nd\u2019unit\u00e9s de quadruplex vendues dans la<br \/>\nville de London \u00e0 partir du 1er janvier 2005.<br \/>\nLes donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans le graphique<br \/>\n3 indiquent une ligne de tendance stable.<br \/>\nIl n\u2019y avait que 17 cas observ\u00e9s de vente de<br \/>\nquadruplex de plus de 500 000 $. <\/p>\n<p>Il y a eu environ 165 ventes, ce qui<br \/>\nrefl\u00e8te un march\u00e9 actif. La tendance<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rale des ventes de quadruplex a<br \/>\nmontr\u00e9 une augmentation, mais un<br \/>\nplafonnement s\u2019est produit, comme le<br \/>\nmontre le graphique \u00e0 son l\u2019extr\u00eame<br \/>\ndroite, qui repr\u00e9sente les ventes les<br \/>\nplus r\u00e9centes. Nous soup\u00e7onnons que<br \/>\nbon nombre des observations sur les<br \/>\nventes ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement des<br \/>\nquadruplex faits sur mesure, mais plut\u00f4t<br \/>\ndes quadruplex qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 convertis \u00e0<br \/>\npartir d&rsquo;unemaison, par exemple. Sur les<br \/>\n160 ventes utilis\u00e9es pour cette analyse,<br \/>\nenviron 45 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9es sur mesure. Cela<br \/>\nne serait pas jug\u00e9 anormal, puisqu\u2019il n\u2019y<br \/>\navait pas beaucoup de quadruplex faits sur<br \/>\nmesure dans la communaut\u00e9 vis\u00e9e.    <\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu des trois utilisations<br \/>\noptimales possibles pour le bien<br \/>\nimmobilier en question, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu  <\/p>\n<p>que l\u2019utilisation optimale serait<br \/>\ncelle d&rsquo;un un immeuble locatif de qualit\u00e9<br \/>\nsup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne une fois les<br \/>\nr\u00e9novations termin\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>M\u00c9THODE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation choisie \u00e9tait<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thode du revenu (MR), que nous<br \/>\navons choisi d\u2019utiliser comme seule<br \/>\napproche viable de la valeur. La mise en<br \/>\n\u0153uvre de cette m\u00e9thode commen\u00e7ait par<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019immeuble en question<br \/>\ncomme s\u2019il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement r\u00e9nov\u00e9<br \/>\net occup\u00e9 par des locataires. Nous<br \/>\nn\u2019avons trouv\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 aucune<br \/>\nvente d\u2019immeubles de quatre unit\u00e9s ou<br \/>\nplus qui n\u00e9cessitaient des r\u00e9novations<br \/>\nimportantes au moment de leur vente.<br \/>\nLe b\u00e9n\u00e9fice d&rsquo;exploitation net sera<br \/>\nincomb\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;acheteur potentiel de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;immeuble en question, une fois<br \/>\nles r\u00e9novations termin\u00e9es, \u00e0 titre<br \/>\nd&rsquo;investissement productif de revenu.<br \/>\nLa MR serait plus sensible au point de<br \/>\nvue de l\u2019acheteur que la m\u00e9thode de<br \/>\ncomparaison directe (MCD).  <\/p>\n<p>On pourrait certes faire valoir qu\u2019il<br \/>\ny a lieu d\u2019\u00e9valuer le bien immobilier<br \/>\nen question dans la m\u00eame veine que<br \/>\nla MR comme s\u2019il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9 et<br \/>\noccup\u00e9, mais en utilisant une MCD. Il y a<br \/>\ncertainement eu des ventes de ce genre<br \/>\nde propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sur le march\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision<br \/>\nde ne pas utiliser une MCD de cette <\/p>\n<p>mani\u00e8re \u00e9tait simplement une question<br \/>\nde ne pas r\u00e9p\u00e9ter le m\u00eame processus<br \/>\nque celui que l\u2019on trouve dans les<br \/>\nconclusions de la MR. Les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nn\u2019ont pas toujours \u00e0 utiliser deux ou<br \/>\ntrois m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9valuation lorsqu\u2019une<br \/>\nseule suffirait. Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable<br \/>\nd\u2019investir son \u00e9nergie analytique dans la<br \/>\nmeilleure m\u00e9thode. <\/p>\n<p>Afin de d\u00e9terminer le loyer<br \/>\npercevable de l\u2019immeuble en question<br \/>\nune fois les r\u00e9novations termin\u00e9es,<br \/>\nil \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019examiner les<br \/>\nloyers comparables du march\u00e9. Divers<br \/>\nloyers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s dans d\u2019anciens<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents r\u00e9nov\u00e9s et convertis, et des<br \/>\nloyers \u00e9quivalents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019immeuble en question. Une perte de<br \/>\nvacance et de recouvrement appropri\u00e9e<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9e aux loyers bruts pour<br \/>\nobtenir un revenu brut effectif. La<br \/>\npremi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de la MR \u00e9tait termin\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>La plus grande difficult\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nMR r\u00e9side dans la r\u00e9partition des<br \/>\nd\u00e9penses. Dans le cas o\u00f9 l&rsquo;expert<br \/>\nest confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un immeuble locatif<br \/>\ninachev\u00e9, il est incorrect de se fonder<br \/>\nsur des d\u00e9penses historiques, car<br \/>\nelles ne refl\u00e8tent pas un immeuble<br \/>\nenti\u00e8rement r\u00e9nov\u00e9. Par cons\u00e9quent, les<br \/>\nd\u00e9penses doivent aussi \u00eatre calcul\u00e9es<br \/>\nen fonction du march\u00e9 et devraient \u00eatre<br \/>\ntir\u00e9es d\u2019exemples de quadruplex r\u00e9nov\u00e9s<br \/>\nvendus sur le march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>DIAGRAMME DE S\u00c9RIE CHRONOLOGIQUE; PRIX DE VENTE PAR P\u00c9RIODE<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>x<br \/>\n d<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\n v<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>te<\/p>\n<p>1800000<\/p>\n<p>1600000<\/p>\n<p>1400000<\/p>\n<p>1200000<\/p>\n<p>1000000<\/p>\n<p>800000<\/p>\n<p>600000<\/p>\n<p>400000<\/p>\n<p>200000<\/p>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<p>Mois      Avril          Avril          Avril         Avril         Avril          Avril         Avril<br \/>\nAnn\u00e9e   2005         2007          2009         2011         2013          2015          2017<\/p>\n<p>Graphique 3<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 18 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9elle de l\u2019immeuble<br \/>\nen question apr\u00e8s r\u00e9novations est<br \/>\nfonction de l\u2019application d\u2019un taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation appropri\u00e9 au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice<br \/>\nd\u2019exploitation net afin d\u2019en arriver \u00e0<br \/>\nune valeur de l\u2019immeuble une fois<br \/>\nachev\u00e9 et occup\u00e9. Lors de l\u2019analyse<br \/>\ndes taux de capitalisation du march\u00e9,<br \/>\nil est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de les pr\u00e9senter sous<br \/>\nla forme d\u2019une grille ou d\u2019une colonne,<br \/>\ncomme indiqu\u00e9 ci-dessous. <\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir examin\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es,<br \/>\nla principale question qui se pose<br \/>\nest la suivante : o\u00f9 se situe le taux<br \/>\nde rendement qui s\u2019appliquerait \u00e0 la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e? \u00c0 ce stade, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\ndevrait proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un examen complet de<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en ce qui concerne la qualit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9novations \u00e0 apporter \u00e0 l\u2019immeuble,<br \/>\nl\u2019emplacement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et la<br \/>\nqualit\u00e9 des locataires qui occuperaient<br \/>\nles logements. Cet exercice aidera<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur \u00e0 choisir une fourchette<br \/>\nde taux de capitalisation plus \u00e9troite<br \/>\napplicable \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e, plut\u00f4t que<br \/>\nd\u2019utiliser simplement les fourchettes de<br \/>\ntaux du tableau ci-dessous.   <\/p>\n<p>Nous avons plac\u00e9 la valeur totale<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question entre<br \/>\n1 025 000 $ et 1 127 000 $. Toutefois,<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit d\u00e9terminer la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e<br \/>\n\u00ab telle quelle \u00bb. Cela implique un certain<br \/>\nnombre d\u2019\u00e9tapes suppl\u00e9mentaires. <\/p>\n<p>AUTRES CONSID\u00c9RATIONS <\/p>\n<p>\u00c9videmment, il y a deux autres<br \/>\nd\u00e9ductions \u00e0 faire :<br \/>\n1. le co\u00fbt de r\u00e9novation de l\u2019immeuble, et<br \/>\n2. le profit entrepreneurial.<\/p>\n<p>Pour \u00e9conomiser de l\u2019argent en frais<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, certains \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\ncommettent l\u2019erreur de faire l\u2019une ou<br \/>\nl\u2019autre des choses suivantes : <\/p>\n<p>TYPE DE PROPRI\u00c9T\u00c9 TAUX DE CAPITALISATION<\/p>\n<p>5 plex 4,11 % &#8211; 4,9 % (\u00e9tudiants 5,42 %)<\/p>\n<p>7 plex 5,5 %<\/p>\n<p>9 plex 6,2 %<\/p>\n<p>4 plex 5,36 % \u00e0 6,05 %<\/p>\n<p>1. se fier aux chiffres de r\u00e9novation<br \/>\nfournis par le propri\u00e9taire,<\/p>\n<p>2. estimer eux-m\u00eames les co\u00fbts de<br \/>\nr\u00e9novation, ou<\/p>\n<p>3. utiliser un manuel d\u2019estimation<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n<p>Ces trois sources sont les plus pauvres<br \/>\npour d\u00e9terminer les co\u00fbts de r\u00e9novation.<br \/>\n\u00c0 moins que le propri\u00e9taire ne puisse<br \/>\nfournir une estimation \u00e9crite d\u2019un<br \/>\nentrepreneur fiable, l\u2019option num\u00e9ro 1<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas acceptable. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tablissement des co\u00fbts des<br \/>\nb\u00e2timents est un travail sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9.<br \/>\nAvant d\u2019entreprendre ce type de travail,<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur doit s\u2019assurer qu\u2019il est<br \/>\nqualifi\u00e9 et comp\u00e9tent pour le faire. Si ce<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas le cas, et si le client ne veut pas<br \/>\npayer pour les services d\u2019un estimateur<br \/>\nde co\u00fbts ou d\u2019un entrepreneur, alors il<br \/>\nvaut mieux refuser le travail.  <\/p>\n<p>On devrait \u00e9viter les manuels de<br \/>\nco\u00fbts pour les travaux de r\u00e9novation<br \/>\net, \u00e0 mon avis, on devrait m\u00eame en<br \/>\nproscrire l\u2019utilisation. En 40 ans<br \/>\nd\u2019exp\u00e9rience, j&rsquo;ai constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;ils ne sont<br \/>\nplus souvent autrement qu&rsquo;inexacts. <\/p>\n<p>Selon un expert en \u00e9tablissement<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts, le co\u00fbt de la r\u00e9novation de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;immeuble en question \u00e9tait d&rsquo;environ<br \/>\n193 000 $. Nous avons ensuite pu<br \/>\nd\u00e9duire ce montant de la valeur estim\u00e9e<br \/>\nde l\u2019immeuble en question une fois<br \/>\ntermin\u00e9 et occup\u00e9. Cela a plac\u00e9 la<br \/>\nvaleur marchande \u00ab telle quelle \u00bb de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 entre 832 000 $ et 934 000 $. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019investisseur de l\u2019immeuble qui<br \/>\ns\u2019engage dans le projet doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nr\u00e9compens\u00e9 pour le risque qu\u2019il prend.<br \/>\nIl devra probablement attendre six mois<br \/>\navant que les r\u00e9novations soient termin\u00e9es<br \/>\net que les logements soient occup\u00e9s.<br \/>\nPourquoi avons-nous utilis\u00e9 un taux de<br \/>\ncapitalisation de 10%?  <\/p>\n<p>Id\u00e9alement, il serait bon d\u2019avoir<br \/>\ntrois ou quatre exemples d\u2019un projet<br \/>\nsimilaire avec lequel l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\npourrait faire le suivi et extraire le<br \/>\nmontant du profit de l\u2019entreprise.<br \/>\nCependant, ce n\u2019est pas un monde parfait<br \/>\nquand il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Dix pour cent est le taux de<br \/>\nrendement incontest\u00e9 de l\u2019immobilier qui<br \/>\nsemble refl\u00e9ter les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qui sont<br \/>\ncommercialisables, plus anciennes et<br \/>\nqui ont besoin d\u2019entretien. Les locataires<br \/>\nseraient ordinaires. Le bien en question<br \/>\nsera enti\u00e8rement r\u00e9nov\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur,<br \/>\nen plus d&rsquo;un nouveau toit, des fen\u00eatres,<br \/>\netc. Ces seuls faits sugg\u00e8rent un taux<br \/>\ninf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 10 %. Toutefois, l\u2019investisseur<br \/>\ndoit disposer d\u2019une certaine marge de<br \/>\nman\u0153uvre pour tenir compte du risque<br \/>\nli\u00e9 \u00e0 la prise en charge du projet. C\u2019est le<br \/>\nraisonnement utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer taux<br \/>\nde capitalisation de 10%. Compte tenu<br \/>\nde cette allocation, la valeur marchande<br \/>\n\u00ab telle quelle \u00bb du bien se situait entre 800<br \/>\n000 $ et 899 000 $. L\u2019estimation ponctuelle<br \/>\nchoisie \u00e9tait de 890 000 $. <\/p>\n<p>La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite sur le<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8me MLS de la collectivit\u00e9 vis\u00e9e au prix<br \/>\nde 790 000 $ (tout un vote de confiance \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9gard de notre valeur estimative). Il y a<br \/>\neu une offre de 800 000 $ qui ne s\u2019est pas<br \/>\nconcr\u00e9tis\u00e9e, et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendue<br \/>\npar la suite pour 935 000 $. La diff\u00e9rence<br \/>\nentre la valeur d\u2019expertise et le prix du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 (veuillez noter que nous n\u2019avons<br \/>\npas utilis\u00e9 l\u2019expression valeur marchande)<br \/>\nest de 5,05 %.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9<\/p>\n<p>Des conclusions d\u2019\u00e9valuation correctes<br \/>\npeuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur des projets de<br \/>\nr\u00e9novation en d\u00e9terminant l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, en obtenant<br \/>\ndes informations appropri\u00e9es sur les<br \/>\nco\u00fbts et en analysant le march\u00e9 local en<br \/>\nprofondeur. Il faut du temps pour r\u00e9diger<br \/>\nce genre de rapports, car la route \u00e0<br \/>\nsuivre pour faire une telle \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nn&rsquo;est jamais claire dans le cas de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui sont en mauvais \u00e9tat depuis<br \/>\nlongtemps. La recherche de la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande est encore plus difficile<br \/>\nlorsque la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 poss\u00e8de de bonnes<br \/>\ncaract\u00e9ristiques de location et que le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 est agressif. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 19Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>In 2001, Canada was the second country in<br \/>\nthe world to recognize the medicinal benefits<br \/>\nof cannabis and to implement a government<br \/>\nrun program for medical cannabis access.<br \/>\nThe legislation has evolved since then and, on<br \/>\nOctober 17, 2018, Canada was the first G7 country<br \/>\nto legalize recreational cannabis coast to coast. In<br \/>\nCanada, the number of licensed producers since<br \/>\n2015 has increased from 26 to 142 and the number<br \/>\nof registered users since the second quarter of<br \/>\n2017 has grown from 174,503 in the first month<br \/>\nto 342,103 as of September 2018 (source: Health<br \/>\nCanada). Dried cannabis consumption has levelled<br \/>\noff, while cannabis oil consumption in Canada has<br \/>\nincreased quarter over quarter for the last four<br \/>\nquarters, with September 2018 levels sitting at<br \/>\n5,985 kilos (dry) and 13,156 kilos (oil) respectively. <\/p>\n<p>The total cannabis market in Canada, which<br \/>\nincludes medical, legal and illegal recreational<br \/>\nproducts, is expected to generate up to<br \/>\n$7.17 billion in sales for 2019. It is anticipated<br \/>\n$4.34 billion of which is forecast to come from the<br \/>\nlegal recreational market. Medical cannabis is<br \/>\nanticipated to generate an additional $0.77 billion<br \/>\nto $1.79 billion in sales, with the illegal market <\/p>\n<p>Canadian<br \/>\nCannabis<br \/>\nProduction<br \/>\nand<br \/>\nResearch<br \/>\nFacilities<\/p>\n<p>BY DEBBRA D. HOLT, AACI, P. APP<\/p>\n<p>Director, Research Valuation and Advisory; <\/p>\n<p>Dispute and Special Services;  <\/p>\n<p>Altus Expert Services, Altus Group<\/p>\n<p>E<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p>E<br \/>\nR<\/p>\n<p>G<br \/>\nIN<\/p>\n<p>G<\/p>\n<p>IN<br \/>\nD<\/p>\n<p>U<br \/>\nS<\/p>\n<p>T<br \/>\nR<\/p>\n<p>IE<br \/>\nS<\/p>\n<p>:<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTSCanadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 20 Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada <\/p>\n<p>forecast to achieve $0.51 billion to $1.04 billion<br \/>\n(source: Deloitte 2018 Cannabis Report).<\/p>\n<p>From an appraisal perspective, the Canadian<br \/>\ncannabis business is one that uses real estate in<br \/>\nthe process of producing its products; however,<br \/>\ndue to the specialized nature of the business,<br \/>\nthe security available to lenders consists of<br \/>\nmuch more than real estate alone, and, from a<br \/>\nvaluation perspective, it is essential to provide<br \/>\nlenders with a clear understanding of the security<br \/>\nvalue of the land and buildings (conventional<br \/>\nassets for appraisal), equipment (specialized<br \/>\nproduction, research and packaging), biological<br \/>\nassets (mother plants), business goodwill and<br \/>\nHealth Canada licences. <\/p>\n<p>A cannabis company\u2019s ability to grow, store,<br \/>\nmanufacture by-products and sell cannabis in<br \/>\nCanada is dependent upon licences from Health<br \/>\nCanada, which are subject to ongoing compliance<br \/>\nand reporting requirements; and secondly, on<br \/>\nthe willingness of lenders to provide financing<br \/>\nfor research and expansion. Access to capital<br \/>\nfor medical cannabis producers was somewhat<br \/>\nlimited until 2018, but it is evolving, especially in<br \/>\nCanada, since legalization of recreational cannabis<br \/>\nuse passed on October 17, 2018.<\/p>\n<p>FACILITIES<\/p>\n<p>Cannabis production and research facilities are<br \/>\nhighly specialized, generally consist of well-<br \/>\nbuilt concrete\/steel or pre-engineered steel<br \/>\nstructures and are sub-divided into production<br \/>\nand production support areas. A cultivation<br \/>\nand production facility includes substantial<br \/>\nand intricate mechanical systems, growing<br \/>\nrooms (including mother rooms), clone rooms,<br \/>\npre-veg rooms, flower rooms, drying rooms,<br \/>\ntrimming room, extraction lab, packaging room,<br \/>\nlaboratory, packaging, storage including onsite<br \/>\nvault, shipping, security offices, executive offices<br \/>\nand staff areas. Some facilities also have patient<br \/>\nsupport call centres.<\/p>\n<p>These facilities have high level security<br \/>\nprotocols that require both access control and<br \/>\nvideo surveillance securities to monitor the<br \/>\nbuilding perimeter and all critical spaces within<br \/>\nthe building; each room must be equipped with<br \/>\ncard readers. There must be 24-hour security<br \/>\nsystems in place and, generally, physical access<br \/>\nto the buildings is via turnstile security gate<br \/>\nwith scan\/card access along with security desk<br \/>\nauthorization for visitors. The front security\/<br \/>\nreception rooms are equipped with bullet-<br \/>\nresistant glass and house both the access control<br \/>\nand video surveillance workstations. <\/p>\n<p>The growing rooms are equipped with intelligent<br \/>\ngrow lights that replicate the parts of the sunlight<br \/>\nspectrum that the cannabis plants need at each<br \/>\nstage of growth. Air filtration and circulation<br \/>\nsystems will control heat build-up and eliminate<br \/>\nexhaust odors. There are also various irrigation<br \/>\nsystems for growing cannabis including drip<br \/>\nirrigation, hydroponic flood benches and trough<br \/>\nbenches. The irrigation systems are designed in<br \/>\nconjunction with a nutrient management system<br \/>\nfor maximizing the production yield of the cannabis<br \/>\nplants. Computer control systems monitor and<br \/>\ncontrol all the nutrients, lights, air circulation and<br \/>\nirrigation needs of the plants, and are designed<br \/>\nto maintain the exact environment needed for the<br \/>\ndifferent growing rooms, cloning rooms, flowering<br \/>\nrooms, etc.<\/p>\n<p>APPRAISAL ASSIGNMENTS<\/p>\n<p>Most of my appraisal assignments have been for<br \/>\nstate-of-the-art medical cannabis production and<br \/>\nresearch facilities in British Columbia, Manitoba<br \/>\nand Ontario and, increasingly, since legalization<br \/>\nof recreational cannabis in the fall of 2018, we are<br \/>\nseeing a variety of site improvements including<br \/>\nspecialized greenhouse facilities located in rural<br \/>\nareas, many of which have been converted from<br \/>\npepper cultivation to cannabis cultivation. (So, if<br \/>\nyou have noticed a shortage of fresh local peppers<br \/>\nin BC, Ontario and Quebec, this is likely why.)<\/p>\n<p>In addition to real estate appraisal, I have<br \/>\nalso partnered with CBV specialists (Note:<br \/>\nCannabivarin, also interchangeably called<br \/>\ncannabivarol or CBV, is the name for the chemical<br \/>\ncompound C19H22O2. It is a Divarin type and<br \/>\nthe second most abundant of the cannabinoids<br \/>\nin Cannabis sativa. CBV is considered a non-<br \/>\npsychoactive cannabinoid \u2014 it does not produce<br \/>\neuphoric side effects.) on the package valuation<br \/>\nof the entire assets, including business and<br \/>\nequipment valuation; however, the focus of this<br \/>\narticle is to provide a general level of appraisal<br \/>\nissues surrounding the specialized real estate<br \/>\nvalue of land and buildings and their contributory<br \/>\nworth to the production operation, specifically<br \/>\n\u2018value in use\u2019 of modern medical cannabis<br \/>\nproduction and research facilities. <\/p>\n<p>Value in use is appropriate for specialized<br \/>\nproperties where there are limited alternative uses.<br \/>\nThis is a value concept, which is based upon the<br \/>\nproductivity of an economic good to its owner-user. <\/p>\n<p>The application of value in use premise is<br \/>\ngenerally appropriate when:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The property is fulfilling an economic demand<br \/>\nfor the service it provides or which it houses.<\/p>\n<p>Vegetate<\/p>\n<p>Pre-Veg<\/p>\n<p>Clone<\/p>\n<p>Extract<\/p>\n<p>Trim<\/p>\n<p>Dry<\/p>\n<p>Flower<\/p>\n<p>Formulate<\/p>\n<p>Package<\/p>\n<p>Analyze<\/p>\n<p>Review<\/p>\n<p>Secure<\/p>\n<p>Ship<\/p>\n<p>Mother Room<\/p>\n<p>Sample  <\/p>\n<p>Production Flow<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 21Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The property has a significant remaining useful life<br \/>\nexpectancy.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 There is responsible ownership and competent<br \/>\nmanagement.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Conversion of the property to an alternate use would not<br \/>\nbe economically feasible or legally permitted.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Continuation of existing use by present or similar users<br \/>\nis practical.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Due consideration is given to the property&rsquo;s functional<br \/>\nutility for its present use.<\/p>\n<p>From an appraiser\u2019s perspective, it is important to make<br \/>\nclear to the reader of your report that the conclusion of value<br \/>\nwill not necessarily represent open market value or value<br \/>\nin exchange if the asset were to be disassociated from the<br \/>\nintended business operation for which it was designed.<\/p>\n<p>Also, due to the lack of market transactions in this sector,<br \/>\nthe highly specialized nature of the property, as well as the<br \/>\ninfancy of the industry in Canada, an important contingency of<br \/>\nmy reports is the assumption that the subject improvements<br \/>\nare dependent upon the profitability of the business for which<br \/>\nthey were intended (i.e., medical cannabis production and<br \/>\nresearch facility) and are producing sufficient revenue to<br \/>\nsupport the replacement cost, while providing an appropriate<br \/>\ninvestment yield. (Many of these medical cannabis producers<br \/>\nhave had a history of annual net losses due to focus on<br \/>\nexpansion in anticipation of meeting the needs of Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nrecreational market that was legalized in 2018 and also entry<br \/>\ninto European countries where medical cannabis is legal or is<br \/>\nanticipated to become legal.) <\/p>\n<p>To establish value in use, my reports have focused<br \/>\nupon the cost approach, which is based upon the principle<br \/>\nof substitution, in that it involves estimating the cost to<br \/>\nreproduce the improvements, plus adding the value of the<br \/>\nland as if vacant.<\/p>\n<p>CHALLENGES\/CONSIDERATIONS<\/p>\n<p>Medical cannabis production and research is still an<br \/>\nemerging industry. The recreational cannabis industry in<br \/>\nCanada has an even shorter history with high levels of risk<br \/>\nand volatility, as well as complex and specialized facilities<br \/>\nand equipment, with most if not all facilities owner-occupied<br \/>\nor occupied by non-arm\u2019s length entities, so sale information<br \/>\nis very limited.<\/p>\n<p>The regulatory structure in Canada will continue to evolve<br \/>\nand change, especially with the legalization of Cannabis<br \/>\nedibles in Canada in 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Locations vary and may be within city boundaries, typically<br \/>\nin industrial areas, however, they are predominantly located<br \/>\nin rural and remote locations that are agricultural in nature<br \/>\nwith limited municipal services, though the upside is usually<br \/>\nlower property taxes and operating costs. <\/p>\n<p>There is not always an abundance of comparable vacant<br \/>\nland sales within or near rural areas where the facilities<br \/>\nare located.<\/p>\n<p>There are many moving pieces, including the Health Canada<br \/>\nlicensing process, as new projects take time to get off the<br \/>\nground. Projected costs and current and projected financial<br \/>\nstatements are often moving targets. For existing facilities, key<br \/>\nconsiderations are: does the business appear to be producing a<br \/>\nprofit and, if applicable, is there steady patient growth? <\/p>\n<p>There is limited information on cost to construct similar<br \/>\nfacilities within the market area.<\/p>\n<p>Remote locations can be time-consuming to inspect,<br \/>\nsometimes involving flights with multiple stops\/connections<br \/>\neach way, and car rental. <\/p>\n<p>ZONING, HIGHEST AND BEST USE <\/p>\n<p>To accommodate demand and attract development of cannabis<br \/>\nproduction facilities, municipalities across Canada have<br \/>\nrevised existing zoning bylaws to allow for cannabis production<br \/>\nand\/or enacted site-specific legislation to accommodate the<br \/>\nintended use of the cannabis producers. Generally, the highest<br \/>\nand best use of these properties is as licensed producers<br \/>\nof medical cannabis under ACMPR (Access to Cannabis for<br \/>\nMedical Purposes Regulations) guidelines. Presently, Health<br \/>\nCanada licences are issued for one or all of three uses: sale<br \/>\n(medical), processing, and cultivation. The territory in which<br \/>\nthe licence holder is authorized to sell cannabis products<br \/>\nto authorized distributors\/retailers and patients is qualified<br \/>\nprovincially\/territorially. Licences are further limited by<br \/>\nproduct type: plants\/seeds, dried\/fresh, oil, or none. <\/p>\n<p>FINAL NOTE<\/p>\n<p>There are circumstances where an income approach to value<br \/>\nmay be applied, e.g., when facilities are located in a major<br \/>\nurban centre (usually outlying industrial areas of the city)<br \/>\nand there is adequate market data available for built-to-suit<br \/>\nsingle-tenant industrial and\/or special purpose-built facilities<br \/>\nthat can support a cap rate estimate and an economic rent<br \/>\ncalculation. (It is not unreasonable to conclude that, were<br \/>\nthe space to be tenant-occupied, the cost of development,<br \/>\nincluding developer\u2019s profit, would be factored into the terms<br \/>\nof a new lease and likely over a 15- to 25-year term.) Using<br \/>\nrecent leasing activity for built-to-suit facilities that would be<br \/>\nconsidered somewhat similar to the subject space would likely<br \/>\nassist in supporting the economic rental rate calculation for<br \/>\nthe subject production facility.<\/p>\n<p>This type of analysis is often requested by the lender and<br \/>\ndone in conjunction with the cost approach and is provided<br \/>\nin support of the cost approach rather than serving as the<br \/>\nprimary approach to value. <\/p>\n<p>As the cannabis industry continues to evolve, and with<br \/>\ninstitutional lenders getting on board now that recreational<br \/>\nuse is legal in Canada, there are more and better options for<br \/>\nproducers in terms of expansion\/growth financing. As well,<br \/>\nthe wider commerce community is recognizing more business<br \/>\nopportunities, particularly the commercial real estate sector,<br \/>\nnow that the recreational market is legalized. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 22 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>En 2001, le Canada a \u00e9t\u00e9 le deuxi\u00e8me pays au monde \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre les<br \/>\nbienfaits m\u00e9dicinaux du cannabis et \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre un programme<br \/>\ngouvernemental d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s au cannabis m\u00e9dicinal. La l\u00e9gislation a \u00e9volu\u00e9<br \/>\ndepuis et, le 17 octobre 2018, le Canada a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier pays du G7<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u00e9galiser le cannabis r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif d&rsquo;un oc\u00e9an \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre. Au Canada, le<br \/>\nnombre de producteurs licenci\u00e9s depuis 2015 est pass\u00e9 de 26 \u00e0 142 et<br \/>\nle nombre d&rsquo;utilisateurs enregistr\u00e9s depuis le deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de<br \/>\n2017 est pass\u00e9 de 174 503 au premier mois \u00e0 342 103 en septembre<br \/>\n2018 (source : Sant\u00e9 Canada). La consommation de cannabis s\u00e9ch\u00e9<br \/>\ns&rsquo;est stabilis\u00e9e, tandis que la consommation d&rsquo;huile de cannabis au<br \/>\nCanada a augment\u00e9 d&rsquo;un trimestre \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre au cours des quatre<br \/>\nderniers trimestres, avec des niveaux de 5 985 kilos (sec) et<br \/>\n13 156 kilos (huile) en septembre 2018 respectivement. <\/p>\n<p>Le march\u00e9 total du cannabis au Canada, qui comprend les<br \/>\nproduits m\u00e9dicinaux, l\u00e9gaux et r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs ill\u00e9gaux, devrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer<br \/>\njusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 7,17 milliards de dollars en ventes en 2019. On pr\u00e9voit que<br \/>\n4,34 milliards de dollars de cette somme proviendront du march\u00e9<br \/>\nr\u00e9cr\u00e9atif l\u00e9gal. On s&rsquo;attend \u00e0 ce que le cannabis m\u00e9dicinal g\u00e9n\u00e8re<br \/>\ndes ventes suppl\u00e9mentaires de 0,77 \u00e0 1,79 milliard de dollars, et<br \/>\nle march\u00e9 ill\u00e9gal devrait se situer entre 0,51 et 1,04 milliard de<br \/>\ndollars (source : Deloitte 2018 Cannabis Report).<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019optique de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re, l&rsquo;industrie<br \/>\ncanadienne du cannabis utilise des b\u00e2timents dans le processus<br \/>\nde production de ses produits; toutefois, en raison de la nature<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e de l&rsquo;entreprise, la garantie offerte aux pr\u00eateurs ne se<br \/>\nlimite pas aux biens immobiliers et, du point de vue de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\nil est essentiel de fournir aux pr\u00eateurs une compr\u00e9hension claire<br \/>\nde la valeur en garantie des terrains et b\u00e2timents (actifs classiques<br \/>\n\u00e0 \u00e9valuer), du mat\u00e9riel (production sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e, recherche et<br \/>\nemballage), des biens biologiques (plantes m\u00e8res), de la client\u00e8le<br \/>\ncommerciale et des licences de Sant\u00e9 Canada. <\/p>\n<p>La capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une entreprise de cannabis \u00e0 cultiver,<br \/>\nentreposer, fabriquer des sous-produits et vendre du cannabis<br \/>\nau Canada d\u00e9pend, premi\u00e8rement, des licences de Sant\u00e9 Canada,<br \/>\nqui sont assujetties \u00e0 des exigences continues de conformit\u00e9<br \/>\net de d\u00e9claration et, en second lieu, de la volont\u00e9 des pr\u00eateurs <\/p>\n<p>Installations<br \/>\ncanadiennes de<br \/>\nproduction et de<br \/>\nrecherche sur le<br \/>\ncannabis<\/p>\n<p>PAR DEBBRA D. HOLT, AACI, P. APP<\/p>\n<p>Directrice, Recherche en \u00e9valuation et consultation; <\/p>\n<p>Litige et services sp\u00e9ciaux;  <\/p>\n<p>Service d\u2019expert-conseil Altus, Groupe Altus <\/p>\n<p>IN<br \/>\nD<\/p>\n<p>U<br \/>\nS<\/p>\n<p>T<br \/>\nR<\/p>\n<p>IE<br \/>\nS<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9<\/p>\n<p>M<br \/>\nE<\/p>\n<p>R<br \/>\nG<\/p>\n<p>E<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p>T<br \/>\nE<\/p>\n<p>S<br \/>\n :<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 23Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>de financer la recherche et l&rsquo;expansion. L&rsquo;acc\u00e8s<br \/>\nau capital pour les producteurs de cannabis \u00e0 des<br \/>\nfins m\u00e9dicinales \u00e9tait quelque peu limit\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;en<br \/>\n2018, mais il \u00e9volue, surtout au Canada, depuis<br \/>\nla l\u00e9galisation de l&rsquo;usage r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif du cannabis,<br \/>\nadopt\u00e9e le 17 octobre 2018. <\/p>\n<p>INSTALLATIONS <\/p>\n<p>Les installations de production et de recherche sur le<br \/>\ncannabis sont hautement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, se composent<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de structures bien construites en<br \/>\nb\u00e9ton\/acier ou pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9es en acier et sont<br \/>\nsubdivis\u00e9es en zones de production et de soutien<br \/>\n\u00e0 la production. Une installation de culture et de<br \/>\nproduction comprend des syst\u00e8mes m\u00e9caniques<br \/>\nimportants et complexes, des salles de culture<br \/>\n(y compris les chambres m\u00e8res), des salles de<br \/>\nclonage, des salles de pr\u00e9-v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, des salles de<br \/>\nfloraison, des salles de s\u00e9chage, des salles de taille,<br \/>\ndes laboratoires d&rsquo;extraction, des salles d\u2019emballage,<br \/>\ndes salles stockage, y compris des chambres fortes,<br \/>\ndes locaux d\u2019exp\u00e9ditions, des bureaux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et<br \/>\nd\u2019administration et des locaux du personnel. Certains<br \/>\n\u00e9tablissements ont \u00e9galement des centres d&rsquo;appels<br \/>\nde soutien aux patients. <\/p>\n<p>Ces installations ont des protocoles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nhaut niveau qui exigent \u00e0 la fois un contr\u00f4le d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et<br \/>\ndes dispositifs de vid\u00e9osurveillance pour surveiller le<br \/>\np\u00e9rim\u00e8tre du b\u00e2timent et tous les espaces critiques<br \/>\n\u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du b\u00e2timent; chaque pi\u00e8ce doit \u00eatre<br \/>\n\u00e9quip\u00e9e de lecteurs de cartes. Des syst\u00e8mes de<br \/>\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre en place 24 heures sur 24 et,<br \/>\nen g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s physique aux b\u00e2timents se fait<br \/>\npar un portillon de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 tourniquet avec acc\u00e8s<br \/>\npar scannage de carte et autorisation du bureau de<br \/>\ns\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les visiteurs. Les salles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\/<br \/>\nr\u00e9ception d\u2019accueil sont \u00e9quip\u00e9es de vitres pare-<br \/>\nballes et abritent \u00e0 la fois les postes de contr\u00f4le<br \/>\nd&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et de vid\u00e9osurveillance. <\/p>\n<p>Les salles de culture sont \u00e9quip\u00e9es de lampes<br \/>\nde culture intelligentes qui reproduisent les parties<br \/>\ndu spectre de lumi\u00e8re solaire dont les plantes de<br \/>\ncannabis ont besoin \u00e0 chaque stade de croissance.<br \/>\nLes syst\u00e8mes de filtration et de circulation de l&rsquo;air<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4lent l&rsquo;accumulation de chaleur et \u00e9liminent<br \/>\nles odeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9chappement. Il existe \u00e9galement<br \/>\ndivers syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;irrigation pour la culture du<br \/>\ncannabis, y compris l&rsquo;irrigation goutte \u00e0 goutte,<br \/>\nles bancs \u00e0 inondation hydroponiques et les bancs<br \/>\n\u00e0 auge. Les syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;irrigation sont con\u00e7us<br \/>\nen conjonction avec un syst\u00e8me de gestion des<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs pour maximiser le rendement de<br \/>\nproduction des plants de cannabis. Les syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nde contr\u00f4le informatis\u00e9s surveillent et contr\u00f4lent<br \/>\ntous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs, l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage, la circulation <\/p>\n<p>de l&rsquo;air et les besoins d&rsquo;irrigation des plantes, et<br \/>\nsont con\u00e7us pour maintenir l&rsquo;environnement exact<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire aux diff\u00e9rentes salles de culture, salles<br \/>\nde clonage, salles de floraison, etc. <\/p>\n<p>CONTRATS DE SERVICE D&rsquo;\u00c9VALUATION <\/p>\n<p>La plupart de mes \u00e9valuations ont port\u00e9 sur<br \/>\ndes installations de recherche et de production<br \/>\nde cannabis m\u00e9dicinal de pointe en Colombie-<br \/>\nBritannique, au Manitoba et en Ontario et, de plus<br \/>\nen plus, depuis la l\u00e9galisation du cannabis r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif<br \/>\n\u00e0 l&rsquo;automne 2018, nous constatons une vari\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nd&rsquo;am\u00e9liorations aux sites, notamment des serres<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es situ\u00e9es en milieu rural, dont beaucoup<br \/>\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 converties de la culture du poivron \u00e0 la<br \/>\nculture du cannabis. (Donc, si vous avez remarqu\u00e9<br \/>\nune p\u00e9nurie de poivrons frais locaux en Colombie-<br \/>\nBritannique, en Ontario et au Qu\u00e9bec, c&rsquo;est<br \/>\nprobablement la raison.) <\/p>\n<p>En plus de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re, je me suis<br \/>\n\u00e9galement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des sp\u00e9cialistes du CBV<br \/>\n(Note : La cannabivarine, aussi appel\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on<br \/>\ninterchangeable cannabivarol ou CBV, est le nom du<br \/>\ncompos\u00e9 chimique C19H22O2. C&rsquo;est un type divarine<br \/>\net le deuxi\u00e8me plus abondant des cannabino\u00efdes<br \/>\ndans Cannabis sativa. Le CBV est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme<br \/>\nun cannabino\u00efde non psychoactif &#8211; il ne produit pas<br \/>\nd&rsquo;effets secondaires euphoriques) sur l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde l&rsquo;ensemble des actifs, y compris l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;entreprise et de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipement; toutefois, le pr\u00e9sent<br \/>\narticle vise \u00e0 fournir un niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nsur la valeur immobili\u00e8re sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e des terrains<br \/>\net b\u00e2timents et leur contribution \u00e0 la valeur de<br \/>\nproduction, en particulier sur la valeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;usage,<br \/>\ndes installations modernes de production et de<br \/>\nrecherche m\u00e9dicales de cannabis.   <\/p>\n<p>La valeur \u00e0 l\u2019usage est appropri\u00e9e pour les biens<br \/>\nimmobiliers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s pour lesquels il existe peu<br \/>\nd&rsquo;autres utilisations possibles. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un concept<br \/>\nde valeur, qui est bas\u00e9 sur la productivit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un bien<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique pour son propri\u00e9taire-utilisateur. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;application du principe de la valeur \u00e0 l\u2019usage<br \/>\nest g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement appropri\u00e9e lorsque : <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une demande<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique pour le service qu&rsquo;elle fournit ou<br \/>\nqu&rsquo;elle h\u00e9berge. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 L&rsquo;immeuble a une dur\u00e9e de vie utile r\u00e9siduelle<br \/>\nimportante. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Il y a un propri\u00e9taire responsable et une gestion<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tente. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La conversion de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 un autre usage<br \/>\nne serait pas \u00e9conomiquement r\u00e9alisable ou<br \/>\nl\u00e9galement autoris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La poursuite de l&rsquo;utilisation existante par les<br \/>\nutilisateurs actuels ou similaires est pratique. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00e9g\u00e9tation<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9-v\u00e9g<\/p>\n<p>Clonage<\/p>\n<p>Floraison<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9chage<\/p>\n<p>Taille<\/p>\n<p>Extraction<\/p>\n<p>Formulation<\/p>\n<p>Emballage<\/p>\n<p>Analyze<\/p>\n<p>Revue<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Exp\u00e9dition<\/p>\n<p>Chambre m\u00e8re<\/p>\n<p>Exemple de  <\/p>\n<p>flux de production <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 24 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 On a d\u00fbment tenu compte de l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 fonctionnelle de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour son utilisation actuelle.<\/p>\n<p>Du point de vue de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur, il est important de pr\u00e9ciser<br \/>\nau lecteur de votre rapport que la conclusion de la valeur ne<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentera pas n\u00e9cessairement la valeur sur le march\u00e9 libre<br \/>\nou la valeur en \u00e9change si l&rsquo;actif devait \u00eatre dissoci\u00e9 de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9<br \/>\ncommerciale pour laquelle il a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u. <\/p>\n<p>De plus, en raison de l&rsquo;absence de transactions commerciales<br \/>\ndans ce secteur, de la nature hautement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 et du fait que cette industrie est toute nouvelle au<br \/>\nCanada, une \u00e9ventualit\u00e9 importante de mes rapports est<br \/>\nl&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se que les am\u00e9liorations en question d\u00e9pendent de la<br \/>\nrentabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;entreprise \u00e0 laquelle elles sont destin\u00e9es<br \/>\n(c.-\u00e0-d. les installations de production et de recherche \u00e0 des fins<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicales) et produisent suffisamment de revenus pour soutenir<br \/>\nle co\u00fbt de remplacement tout en fournissant un rendement<br \/>\nappropri\u00e9 des investissements. (Bon nombre de ces producteurs<br \/>\nde cannabis m\u00e9dicinal ont des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de pertes nettes<br \/>\nannuelles en raison de l&rsquo;accent mis sur l&rsquo;expansion en pr\u00e9vision<br \/>\ndes besoins du march\u00e9 canadien du cannabis r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif qui a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nl\u00e9galis\u00e9 en 2018 et de l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e dans des pays europ\u00e9ens o\u00f9 le<br \/>\ncannabis m\u00e9dicinal est l\u00e9gal ou devrait le devenir). <\/p>\n<p>Pour d\u00e9terminer la valeur \u00e0 l\u2019usage, mes rapports se sont<br \/>\nconcentr\u00e9s sur le m\u00e9thode du co\u00fbt, qui repose sur le principe<br \/>\nde substitution, en ce sens qu&rsquo;elle consiste \u00e0 estimer le co\u00fbt<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire pour reproduire des am\u00e9liorations et \u00e0 ajouter la<br \/>\nvaleur du terrain comme s&rsquo;il \u00e9tait vacant. <\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FIS\/CONSID\u00c9RATIONS <\/p>\n<p>La production et la recherche de cannabis \u00e0 des fins m\u00e9dicinales<br \/>\nconstituent encore une industrie \u00e9mergente. L&rsquo;industrie du<br \/>\ncannabis \u00e0 des fins r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives au Canada a une histoire encore<br \/>\nplus courte avec des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de risque et de volatilit\u00e9, ainsi<br \/>\nque des installations et de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipement complexes et sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s,<br \/>\nla plupart sinon la totalit\u00e9 des installations \u00e9tant occup\u00e9es par les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taire ou par des entit\u00e9s avec lien de d\u00e9pendance, de sorte<br \/>\nque les renseignements sur les ventes sont tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>La structure r\u00e9glementaire au Canada continuera d&rsquo;\u00e9voluer<br \/>\net de changer, en particulier avec la l\u00e9galisation des produits<br \/>\ncomestibles de cannabis au Canada en 2019. <\/p>\n<p>Les emplacements varient et peuvent se trouver \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur<br \/>\ndes limites de la ville, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans des zones industrielles,<br \/>\nmais ils sont surtout situ\u00e9s dans des r\u00e9gions rurales et \u00e9loign\u00e9es<br \/>\nqui sont de nature agricole offrant des services municipaux<br \/>\nlimit\u00e9s, bien que les avantages soient habituellement des imp\u00f4ts<br \/>\nfonciers et des frais d&rsquo;exploitation moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s.  <\/p>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;y a pas toujours une abondance de ventes de terrains<br \/>\nvacants comparables \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des r\u00e9gions<br \/>\nrurales o\u00f9 ces installations sont situ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a beaucoup de pi\u00e8ces mobiles, y compris le processus<br \/>\nd&rsquo;homologation de Sant\u00e9 Canada, car il faut du temps pour que<br \/>\nde nouveaux projets voient le jour. Les co\u00fbts pr\u00e9vus et les \u00e9tats<br \/>\nfinanciers actuels et projet\u00e9s sont souvent des cibles mouvantes.<br \/>\nEn ce qui concerne les \u00e9tablissements existants, les principales<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9rations sont les suivantes : l&rsquo;entreprise semble-t-elle <\/p>\n<p>produire un profit et, s&rsquo;il y a lieu, y a-t-il une croissance constante<br \/>\ndu nombre de patients? <\/p>\n<p>On dispose de peu d&rsquo;information sur le co\u00fbt de construction<br \/>\nd&rsquo;installations semblables dans la zone du march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;inspection dans les endroits \u00e9loign\u00e9s peut prendre beaucoup<br \/>\nde temps, ce qui implique parfois des vols avec plusieurs arr\u00eats\/<br \/>\nconnexions dans chaque sens, et la location de voitures.<\/p>\n<p>ZONAGE, UTILISATION OPTIMALE <\/p>\n<p>Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande et d&rsquo;attirer la cr\u00e9ation<br \/>\nd&rsquo;installations de production de cannabis, des municipalit\u00e9s<br \/>\npartout au Canada ont r\u00e9vis\u00e9 les r\u00e8glements de zonage existants<br \/>\npour permettre la production de cannabis ou ont adopt\u00e9 des lois<br \/>\npropres \u00e0 chaque site pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation pr\u00e9vue des<br \/>\nproducteurs de cannabis. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l&rsquo;utilisation optimale de<br \/>\nces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s est celle de producteurs autoris\u00e9s de cannabis<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicinal en vertu des lignes directrices du R\u00e8glement sur<br \/>\nl\u2019acc\u00e8s au cannabis \u00e0 des fins m\u00e9dicales. \u00c0 l&rsquo;heure actuelle, les<br \/>\nlicences de Sant\u00e9 Canada sont d\u00e9livr\u00e9es pour une ou les trois<br \/>\nutilisations suivantes : la vente (m\u00e9dicale), la transformation et la<br \/>\nculture. Le territoire sur lequel le titulaire de licence est autoris\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 vendre des produits du cannabis \u00e0 des distributeurs\/d\u00e9taillants<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9s et \u00e0 des patients est admissible \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle provinciale<br \/>\nou territoriale. Les licences sont en outre limit\u00e9es par type de<br \/>\nproduit : plantes\/graines, s\u00e9ch\u00e9es\/fra\u00eeches, huile ou aucune. <\/p>\n<p>NOTE FINALE <\/p>\n<p>Dans certaines circonstances, il est possible d&rsquo;appliquer une<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation fond\u00e9e sur le revenu, par exemple lorsque<br \/>\nles installations sont situ\u00e9es dans un grand centre urbain<br \/>\n(habituellement dans des zones industrielles p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques de<br \/>\nla ville) et qu&rsquo;il existe des donn\u00e9es de march\u00e9 ad\u00e9quates pour<br \/>\nles installations industrielles \u00e0 locataire unique construites sur<br \/>\nmesure et\/ou les installations sp\u00e9ciales qui peuvent soutenir une<br \/>\nestimation du taux plafond et un calcul du loyer \u00e9conomique. (Il n&rsquo;est<br \/>\npas d\u00e9raisonnable de conclure que, si l&rsquo;espace devait \u00eatre occup\u00e9<br \/>\npar le locataire, le co\u00fbt de l&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement, y compris le profit du<br \/>\npromoteur, serait pris en compte dans les modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;un nouveau<br \/>\nbail et probablement sur une p\u00e9riode de 15 \u00e0 25 ans). Le recours \u00e0<br \/>\ndes activit\u00e9s de location r\u00e9centes pour des installations construites<br \/>\nsur mesure qui seraient consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme assez semblables \u00e0<br \/>\nl&rsquo;espace en question aiderait probablement \u00e0 \u00e9tayer le calcul du taux<br \/>\nde location \u00e9conomique de l&rsquo;installation de production en question.<\/p>\n<p>Ce type d&rsquo;analyse est souvent demand\u00e9 par le pr\u00eateur et<br \/>\neffectu\u00e9 en conjonction avec la m\u00e9thode du co\u00fbt et est fourni \u00e0<br \/>\nl&rsquo;appui de la m\u00e9thode du co\u00fbt plut\u00f4t que de servir de principale<br \/>\nm\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que l&rsquo;industrie du cannabis continue<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9voluer et que les pr\u00eateurs institutionnels se joignent au<br \/>\nmouvement maintenant que l&rsquo;usage r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif est l\u00e9gal au Canada,<br \/>\nles producteurs disposent d&rsquo;options plus nombreuses et meilleures<br \/>\nen mati\u00e8re de financement pour l&rsquo;expansion et la croissance.  De<br \/>\nplus, la communaut\u00e9 commerciale \u00e9largie reconna\u00eet de plus en plus<br \/>\nd&rsquo;occasions d&rsquo;affaires, en particulier dans le secteur de l&rsquo;immobilier<br \/>\ncommercial, maintenant que le march\u00e9 r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif est l\u00e9galis\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 25Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>An appraisal is intended to support a decision-making process involving appraised property.<br \/>\nA party commissioning an appraisal<br \/>\nwill either rely on the appraisal or<br \/>\nattempt to induce another party to<br \/>\ndo so. Even parties that are frequent<br \/>\nusers of appraisals often lack the skills<br \/>\nto understand when and under what<br \/>\nconditions they can or should rely on<br \/>\nan appraisal report. A decision made<br \/>\non the basis of an appraisal report, to<br \/>\nwhich there is no lawful entitlement, can<br \/>\nlead to financial losses and unintended<br \/>\nconsequences, as occurred when the<br \/>\nSaskatchewan government negotiated<br \/>\na deal to purchase additional land for<br \/>\nthe Global Transportation Hub (GTH)<br \/>\nthrough the Global Transportation<br \/>\nHub Authority (GTHA). A sequence of<br \/>\nevents (and questionable conduct),<br \/>\ncommencing in November 2011,<br \/>\nculminated in the December 2013<br \/>\ndecision of the GTHA to acquire 204<br \/>\nacres at a grossly inflated price,1 while<br \/>\nrelying on an unauthorized appraisal<br \/>\nreport \u201cusing a cash flow-subdivision<br \/>\ndevelopment analysis\u201d to value raw land<br \/>\nin agricultural use.<\/p>\n<p>An appraisal report prepared by a<br \/>\nmember of the Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada (AIC) or the Appraisal Institute<br \/>\n(US) must contain a \u2018Mandatory<br \/>\nCertification,\u2019 including a statement to<br \/>\nthe following effect: <\/p>\n<p> \u201cI certify that, to the best of my<br \/>\nknowledge and belief that: \u2026<br \/>\nMy analyses, opinions and conclusions<br \/>\nwere developed, and this report has<br \/>\nbeen prepared, in conformity with the<br \/>\nCUSPAP.\u201d [emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>This declaration is an assertion without<br \/>\nproof of compliance with the Canadian<br \/>\nUniform Standards of Appraisal<br \/>\nPractice (CUSPAP) or the Uniform<br \/>\nStandards of Professional Appraisal<br \/>\nPractice (USPAP). No appraisal should<br \/>\nbe accepted at face value by any public<br \/>\nagency without being properly reviewed.<br \/>\nA public agency with no qualified<br \/>\nappraisers on staff should retain the<br \/>\nservices of a competent review appraiser<br \/>\nwho has an obligation to conduct the<br \/>\nreview in an independent and objective<br \/>\nmanner, with a focus on the appraisal<br \/>\nand not the appraiser. An appraisal<br \/>\nreport must be read from cover to cover,<br \/>\nand all appendices examined. <\/p>\n<p>According to the AIC, in describing<br \/>\nWhat Real Estate Appraisers Do, the<br \/>\npublic can expect its members to provide<br \/>\n\u201cunbiased and dependable valuations\u201d<br \/>\nthat \u201cattest to the real value of property,\u201d<br \/>\nand rely on them to make \u201cinformed<br \/>\ndecisions about real estate.\u201d2 A flawed<br \/>\nor unreliable appraisal undermines<br \/>\npublic confidence in the credibility<br \/>\nof the appraisal profession, and a<br \/>\ngovernmental agency exposed to such<br \/>\na report should reject the appraisal<br \/>\noutright. If the appraisal has been <\/p>\n<p>completed by someone with an appraisal<br \/>\ndesignation, a complaint should be<br \/>\nlodged with the organization to which the<br \/>\nappraiser belongs.<\/p>\n<p>If a flawed or unreliable appraisal has<br \/>\nbeen acted upon, causing financial harm,<br \/>\nit is advisable to simultaneously retain a<br \/>\ncompetent review appraiser (preferably<br \/>\nunder the direction of legal counsel)<br \/>\nand seek legal advice as to whether it<br \/>\nis appropriate to claim damages for<br \/>\nnegligence. The elements necessary to<br \/>\nsucceed in a claim of negligence, as set<br \/>\nout in Queen v. Cognos Inc.,3 are:<br \/>\n1. There must be a duty of care based on <\/p>\n<p>a \u2018special relationship\u2019 between the<br \/>\nrepresentor and the representee; <\/p>\n<p>2. The representation in question must<br \/>\nbe untrue, inaccurate, or misleading;<\/p>\n<p>3. The representor must have<br \/>\nacted negligently in making said<br \/>\nmisrepresentation;<\/p>\n<p>4. The representee must have relied, in a<br \/>\nreasonable manner, on said negligent<br \/>\nmisrepresentation; and<\/p>\n<p>5. The reliance must have been<br \/>\ndetrimental to the representee in the<br \/>\nsense that damage resulted.<\/p>\n<p>These five elements must be proved<br \/>\nby the claimant. It is not uncommon<br \/>\nfor reasonable appraisers to disagree<br \/>\non value. Appraisers can also commit<br \/>\nan error in judgement, which does not<br \/>\nrise to the level of negligence.4 If there<br \/>\nis no reasonable or logical basis for an<br \/>\nopinion of value in the context of the <\/p>\n<p> A Forensic Appraiser\u2019s  <\/p>\n<p>Perspective:<br \/>\n Government Overpaid for Land  <\/p>\n<p> Relying on Unauthorized Appraisal<\/p>\n<p>BY TONY SEVELKA,  <\/p>\n<p>MAI, SREA, FRICS,  <\/p>\n<p>AACI, P.APP, AI-GRS<\/p>\n<p>WWW.INTVAL.COM<\/p>\n<p>(519) 927-9132<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 26 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>intended use, or an appraisal report<br \/>\nis fraught with errors of commission<br \/>\nor omission related to completeness,<br \/>\naccuracy, adequacy and relevance, as<br \/>\nsupported by a comprehensive review of<br \/>\nthe appraisal report, a claimant will<br \/>\nlikely prevail on a negligence claim.5 A<br \/>\nreview appraiser acting as an expert<br \/>\nwitness has an overriding duty to assist<br \/>\nthe court, without advocating for the<br \/>\nclient\u2019s position.6 A document such as<br \/>\nCUSPAP is likely to bear on a court\u2019s<br \/>\nlegal analysis.7<\/p>\n<p>An unintended (unauthorized) user<br \/>\nhad a negligence claim against an<br \/>\nappraiser dismissed,8 but the judge<br \/>\ndeclared that, if the issue of negligence<br \/>\nhad to be addressed, he would have<br \/>\nfound \u201cthe appraiser was negligent,\u201d<br \/>\nciting CUSPAP as the basis of the legal<br \/>\nanalysis. Despite the explicit statement in<br \/>\nthe appraisal that the \u201canalysis, opinions<br \/>\nand conclusions were developed in<br \/>\nconformity with CUSPAP,\u201d the appraiser<br \/>\nhad an obligation to include in his report:<br \/>\n The impact on value of the floodplain <\/p>\n<p>bylaw, which the appraiser neglected<br \/>\nto do\u2026 [and] in the result overstated<br \/>\nthe market value of the property by\u2026<br \/>\n$622,000. [paras. 45 and 46]<\/p>\n<p>The appraisal\u2019s intended use was to<br \/>\nassist a lender in deciding whether the<br \/>\nproperty offered sufficient collateral for<br \/>\na mortgage loan. The appraiser knew the<br \/>\nland was in a floodplain, and the report<br \/>\nmade no mention of that fact. Highest and<br \/>\nbest use is a fundamental requirement<br \/>\nof every appraisal, of which land use<br \/>\ncontrols are a key consideration, and on<br \/>\nwhich rests every market value estimate.<br \/>\nThe land consists of 11 lots that cannot be<br \/>\ndeveloped for the stated highest and best<br \/>\nas \u201cbeing development to commercial-<br \/>\ntype use,\u201d due to the onerous building<br \/>\nrestrictions contained in the floodplain<br \/>\nby-law.<\/p>\n<p>A public agency acquiring land at<br \/>\npublic expense on behalf of taxpayers<br \/>\nhas a duty to conduct its affairs in a prudent<br \/>\nand transparent manner, and to pay<br \/>\nmarket value. In a highly controversial deal<br \/>\ninvolving the Government of Saskatchewan\u2019s<br \/>\npurchase of land in connection with<br \/>\nthe development of the GTH, $103,000<br \/>\nper acre was paid for 204 acres in <\/p>\n<p>December 2013. The government<br \/>\nrationalized the purchase on the basis of<br \/>\nan unauthorized February 2013 appraisal<br \/>\nsubmitted by the vendor that \u201cindicated<br \/>\nthe land was worth $125,000 [per acre].\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In June 2012, appraisals<br \/>\ncommissioned by the Ministry of<br \/>\nGovernment Services (appraisal contract<br \/>\nredirected to GTHA) estimated the value<br \/>\nof these same 204 acres at $3.46 million,<br \/>\nbased on $20,000 per acre (116.86 acres)<br \/>\nand $15,000 per acre (87.40 acres). An<br \/>\nappraisal was also commissioned of a<br \/>\n41.15-acre parcel, which was appraised<br \/>\nat $15,000 per acre, and, in November<br \/>\n2012, the GTHA reached an agreement<br \/>\nwith the landowner to acquire the<br \/>\nproperty at $30,000 per acre. <\/p>\n<p>Considering that this property had<br \/>\nbeen available for sale on the open market<br \/>\nfor over 3 \u00bd years and, based on the<br \/>\nJune 2012 appraisal at $15,000 per acre,<br \/>\nit is reasonable to conclude the price of<br \/>\n$30,000 per acre negotiated by the GTHA<br \/>\nin November 2012, roughly twice the<br \/>\nmarket value of the property, was heavily<br \/>\ninfluenced by the highway and GTH public<br \/>\nprojects, (i.e., the \u2018scheme\u2019). The property<br \/>\nis zoned \u2018UH \u2013 Urban Holding.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>The GTHA\u2019s 204-acre acquisition in<br \/>\nDecember 2013 at $103,000 per acre<br \/>\nis three times the $30,000-$35,000<br \/>\nper acre estimated in an October 2013<br \/>\nappraisal9 prepared on behalf of the<br \/>\nGovernment of Saskatchewan (Ministry<br \/>\nof Highways),10 with the \u201cintended use of<br \/>\nthe appraisal\u2026 to assist in the purchase<br \/>\nof the land for a proposed roadway.\u201d The<br \/>\nappraisal of the 204 acres prepared for<br \/>\nthe Ministry of Highways (MH) reflects<br \/>\nvalues of $30,000 per acre (87.40 acres)<br \/>\nand $35,000 per acre (116.86 acres), and<br \/>\nthe value estimates are supported by<br \/>\ncomparable sales, applying the direct<br \/>\ncomparison approach. <\/p>\n<p>These 204 acres were under threat of<br \/>\nexpropriation, but the appraisal report<br \/>\nmakes no reference to the Saskatchewan<br \/>\nExpropriation Procedure Act: legislation<br \/>\nthat protects the expropriating authority<br \/>\nfrom paying for any increase in the value<br \/>\nof the land occasioned by the public<br \/>\nworks (i.e., the \u2018scheme\u2019), and unrelated<br \/>\nto the general movement of prices in<br \/>\nthe relevant real estate market. It can<br \/>\nbe a difficult task for an appraiser to<br \/>\ndiscern price increases experienced<br \/>\nby land sales that have occurred as<br \/>\na consequence of an announced or<br \/>\nimminent major public project.<\/p>\n<p>An owner whose land is under the<br \/>\nthreat of expropriation should seek legal<br \/>\nadvice from an expropriation lawyer and<br \/>\nretain an appraiser that understands<br \/>\nthe relevant expropriation statute, and<br \/>\nthat possesses the skill and expertise<br \/>\nrequired to complete the assignment.<br \/>\nAn expropriation appraiser often works<br \/>\nunder the direction of legal counsel.<br \/>\nAn appraisal prepared on behalf of<br \/>\nthe expropriating authority must also<br \/>\nmeet the same expected standards of<br \/>\ncompetency, and the appraisal report<br \/>\nshould be reviewed by an experienced<br \/>\nreview appraiser on behalf of the<br \/>\nproperty owner. <\/p>\n<p>A taking of private land for a public<br \/>\nproject, such as a major highway or<br \/>\nthe GTH, can have a profound influence<br \/>\non real estate prices, depending on<br \/>\nthe segment of the real estate market<br \/>\nimpacted by the project. A property<br \/>\nowner that sold some of their land to the<br \/>\nMHI under the threat of expropriation on<br \/>\ntwo occasions (once mediated and once<br \/>\nnegotiated), years later, after land prices<br \/>\nhad escalated, filed a lawsuit against the<br \/>\ngovernment seeking more money.11 <\/p>\n<p>Compensation payable under the<br \/>\nExpropriation Procedure Act must <\/p>\n<p>An owner whose land is under the threat of<br \/>\nexpropriation should seek legal advice from an<br \/>\nexpropriation lawyer and retain an appraiser<br \/>\nthat understands the relevant expropriation<br \/>\nstatute, and that possesses the skill and<br \/>\nexpertise required to complete the assignment.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 27Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>ignore any increases or decreases in<br \/>\nvalue flowing from or having a causal<br \/>\nconnection to the expropriation. In<br \/>\nthe context of the MH\u2019s contemplated<br \/>\nacquisition of the 204 acres, was the<br \/>\nproposed GTH connected to the planned<br \/>\nhighway expansion? In other words, is<br \/>\nthe GTH part of the overall \u2018scheme\u2019?<br \/>\nAs noted in the Auditor\u2019s Special<br \/>\nReport (June 2016), both the Ministry of<br \/>\nGovernment Services and the MH were to<br \/>\nacquire the 204 acres (East Parcels) and<br \/>\nan additional 41 acres (South Parcel).<\/p>\n<p>The Global Transportation Hub<br \/>\nAuthority Act did not come into existence<br \/>\nuntil August 2013, and did not possess<br \/>\nthe legislative power of expropriation<br \/>\nenjoyed by the Ministry of Highways and<br \/>\nInfrastructure (MHI). Why then, did the<br \/>\nGTHA interfere or compete with MHI<br \/>\nover the proposed acquisition of the 204<br \/>\nacres, and subject itself to the whims of<br \/>\nthe market place and pay an exorbitant<br \/>\nprice for the land, the value of which was,<br \/>\nin fact, mostly created by the \u2018scheme\u2019<br \/>\nitself? It was common knowledge that MHI<br \/>\nwould ultimately acquire these lands for<br \/>\nhighway purposes.12 <\/p>\n<p>The appraisal prepared on behalf<br \/>\nof MHI clearly discloses that the value<br \/>\nestimates of $30,000 per acre and<br \/>\n$35,000 per acre are \u201cassumptive\u201d values<br \/>\nrather than \u201cas is\u201d values. Presumably,<br \/>\nwithout these assumptions, the value<br \/>\nof the 204 acres, as of the effective date<br \/>\nof appraisal (October 23, 201313), would<br \/>\nhave been less than $30,000 per acre<br \/>\nand $35,000 per acre. It is also clear that<br \/>\nany transactions occurring after MHI\u2019s<br \/>\nMarch 9, 2009 public announcement of its<br \/>\nhighway plans to facilitate the GTH project<br \/>\ncaused the price of land to escalate.<\/p>\n<p>The GTH Authority Act was not enacted<br \/>\nuntil August 6, 2013.14 As of March 2016,<br \/>\nthe GTH encompassed 1,871 acres, of<br \/>\nwhich 732 acres are owned by businesses<br \/>\noperating out of the Hub and 346 acres<br \/>\nare used for common infrastructure, and<br \/>\n114 acres are for use by MHI. Other than<br \/>\nfor 245 acres, including the controversial<br \/>\n204-acre purchase by the GTHA, MHI<br \/>\nacquired the land for the GTH. <\/p>\n<p>The GTH Act states that, \u201cif the<br \/>\npurchase price or sale price of real<br \/>\nproperty in one transaction entered into <\/p>\n<p>by the authority exceeds the amount fixed<br \/>\nby the Lieutenant Governor in Council<br \/>\n[$5 million],\u201d the authority must obtain<br \/>\nthe approval of the Lieutenant Governor<br \/>\nin Council.<\/p>\n<p>These same 204 acres had been<br \/>\npreviously acquired by Tappauf, when, in<br \/>\nearly 2012, he noticed an 87-acre parcel<br \/>\nof land up for sale (listed in August 2011)<br \/>\nnext to the GTH, the industrial park owned<br \/>\nby the provincial government. Tappauf<br \/>\npaid the asking price of $45,000 per<br \/>\nacre. Through his realtors, Tappauf then<br \/>\napproached the owner of the adjoining<br \/>\n117 acres, struck a deal at $55,000<br \/>\nper acre, and, in March 2012, had both<br \/>\nproperties under contract.15 Negotiations<br \/>\nfor the 117 acres commenced in February<br \/>\n2012 starting at $15,000 an acre, then<br \/>\n$25,000, $30,000, $45,000, and finally<br \/>\nconcluding at $55,000 per acre. <\/p>\n<p>Combined, Tappauf paid an average<br \/>\nprice of $50,735 per acre for the 204<br \/>\nacres. How the two transactions were<br \/>\nstructured is unknown, but it is possible<br \/>\nthat a significant portion of the purchase<br \/>\nprice in each transaction was in the form<br \/>\nof vendor-take-back mortgage financing<br \/>\non favourable terms and conditions,<br \/>\nwhich is typical of speculative raw land<br \/>\npurchases. Conventional mortgage<br \/>\nfinancing on raw land on good terms<br \/>\nand conditions is difficult to obtain, and<br \/>\nthe loan-to-value ratio usually does not<br \/>\nexceed 50%. Taupauff controlled both<br \/>\nproperties pursuant to the March 2012<br \/>\nconditional agreements, which included<br \/>\nextended due diligence periods and were<br \/>\nnot scheduled to close until February 26,<br \/>\n2013, allowing the potential purchaser<br \/>\ntime to find a buyer willing to pay a higher<br \/>\nprice for the lands. Both the pending<br \/>\ntransactions and property \u2018flips\u2019 closed on<br \/>\nthe same day, and Tappauf\u2019s name never<br \/>\nappeared on title.<\/p>\n<p>Tappauf said \u201che thought he might<br \/>\neventually be able to turn the properties<br \/>\ninto an industrial subdivision,\u201d reportedly <\/p>\n<p>uninformed by his realtor that \u201cthe<br \/>\ngovernment was thinking of building a<br \/>\nhighway through his land.\u201d16 These lands<br \/>\nare not serviced; they are not zoned to<br \/>\npermit urban development; and they<br \/>\nform part of the planned West Region<br \/>\nBypass, adjacent to a railway corridor.17<br \/>\nA sketch of the proposed interchange,<br \/>\nwhich appears to have been created in<br \/>\nNovember 2011, had been circulated<br \/>\nby MHI to potentially affected property<br \/>\nowners. In June 2013, three months<br \/>\nafter the two vendors signed agreements<br \/>\nto sell their lands to Tappauf, they<br \/>\nwere notified by MHI \u201cwarning that<br \/>\nthe government might need more of<br \/>\ntheir land for the interchange.\u201d That<br \/>\ninformation was subsequently conveyed<br \/>\nto Tappauf\u2019s attorney, and Tappauf \u201cstill<br \/>\ncould kill the deal and gotten back his<br \/>\ndeposit,\u201d but, instead, both transactions<br \/>\nmoved forward and closed on February<br \/>\n26, 2013. Buying land that is under the<br \/>\nthreat of expropriation is a highly unusual<br \/>\npractice, especially if the prospective<br \/>\npurchaser is a developer. As for a<br \/>\ntransaction motivated by speculation,<br \/>\nbuying land under the threat of<br \/>\nexpropriation only makes sense at a price<br \/>\nbelow market value.<\/p>\n<p>The two vendors that sold the<br \/>\ncombined 204 acres to Tappauf had<br \/>\npreviously sold some of their land<br \/>\nholdings to MHI under the threat of<br \/>\nexpropriation. MHI purchased acreage<br \/>\nat $9,000 per acre in 2010 and at<br \/>\n$11,000 per acre in 2011.18 These prices<br \/>\nare consistent with prices paid by the<br \/>\ngovernment for other properties around<br \/>\nthe same time. <\/p>\n<p>Also, in August 2009, when economic<br \/>\nconditions were less robust as a<br \/>\nconsequence of the 2008 global financial<br \/>\ncrisis, the Regina Airport Authority<br \/>\npurchased 217.77 acres at a unit rate of<br \/>\n$12,000 per acre. This property, which<br \/>\nabuts Regina Airport, is located within the<br \/>\ncity limits, and is zoned UH (Urban Holding). <\/p>\n<p>Buying land that is under the threat<br \/>\nof expropriation is a highly unusual practice,<br \/>\nespecially if the prospective purchaser<br \/>\nis a developer.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 28 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>On December 3, 2013, a<br \/>\nrecommendation from the Ministry of<br \/>\nthe Economy (Chair of the GTH) went to<br \/>\nthe GTH board recommending that the<br \/>\nGovernment of Saskatchewan \u201cacquire<br \/>\nthe east parcels [for $105,000 per acre]<br \/>\nto support the development of the<br \/>\ninterchange to access the GTH with the<br \/>\nsurplus lands being sold to the GTH<br \/>\nfor further development.\u201d A follow-up<br \/>\nrecommendation to the GTH board on<br \/>\nDecember 19, 2013 issued a revised<br \/>\nrecommendation stating that \u201cGTH would<br \/>\nacquire the lands at a slightly reduced<br \/>\nprice of $103,000 per acre and support<br \/>\ndevelopment of the interchange.\u201d19 A<br \/>\nseries of memos prepared by GTH offers<br \/>\nsome insight into the acquisition of the<br \/>\n204 acres.20<\/p>\n<p>The February 12, 2013, 42-page<br \/>\nappraisal was prepared for the exclusive<br \/>\nuse of Royalty Developments Limited<br \/>\n(Pres: Anthony Marquart)21 and lenders<br \/>\nof their choosing, and they were listed as<br \/>\nthe only intended users of the appraisal<br \/>\nreport, which precluded the GTHA from<br \/>\nrelying on the report. The appraisal<br \/>\nreport has not been made public. In fact,<br \/>\nthe Saskatchewan Privacy Commissioner<br \/>\nordered all copies in the possession of<br \/>\nthe government destroyed or returned<br \/>\nto the appraiser, as GTHA did not pay for<br \/>\nthe appraisal and because \u201cthe GTH was<br \/>\ninappropriately provided a copy of the<br \/>\nappraisal\u201d without written authorization<br \/>\nof the appraiser. In reaching this<br \/>\ndecision,22 the Commissioner made note<br \/>\nof the following restrictions placed in the<br \/>\nappraiser\u2019s report:<br \/>\n The intended use of the appraisal is for <\/p>\n<p>internal uses of the client and to assist<br \/>\nwith financing arrangements relating to<br \/>\nthe subject property. It is not reasonable<br \/>\nfor any other person other than the<br \/>\nclient, the lender of the client\u2019s choice,<br \/>\nand [the appraisal firm] to rely upon<br \/>\nthis appraisal without first obtaining<br \/>\nwritten authorization from all parties. <\/p>\n<p>This report has been prepared on the<br \/>\nassumption that no other person will<br \/>\nrely on it for any other purpose and all<br \/>\nliability to all such persons is denied.<br \/>\n[para. 15] [emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>      Except as it may be necessary<br \/>\nto expedite the function of this<br \/>\nappraisal as identified herein, it is not<br \/>\nreasonable for any person other than<br \/>\nthe client, the lender of the client\u2019s<br \/>\nchoice, and [the appraisal firm] to<br \/>\nrely upon this appraisal without first<br \/>\nobtaining written authorization from<br \/>\nall parties. [para. 16]<\/p>\n<p>      Neither possession of this report<br \/>\nnor a copy of it carries with it the right<br \/>\nof publication. All copyright is reserved<br \/>\nto the author and is considered<br \/>\nconfidential by the author. It shall not<br \/>\nbe disclosed, quoted from or referred<br \/>\nto, it [sic] whole or in part, or published<br \/>\nin any manner without the expressed<br \/>\nwritten consent of the client and<br \/>\n[the appraisal firm]. [para. 16]<\/p>\n<p>The GTHA failed to heed the disclaimers<br \/>\nand cautions prominently placed up front<br \/>\nin the appraisal report\u2014not buried or<br \/>\ndeliberately concealed in the body of the<br \/>\nreport. There is nothing ambiguous about<br \/>\nthe language that would cause confusion<br \/>\nor misunderstanding. No satisfactory<br \/>\nexplanation has been provided to justify<br \/>\nthe government\u2019s reliance on a report<br \/>\nclearly marked as to the intended<br \/>\nusers and the intended use. Even if the<br \/>\nGTHA had been an intended user of the<br \/>\nappraisal, other aspects of the appraisal<br \/>\nshould have raised concerns. As<br \/>\nreported in the Provincial Auditor\u2019s 2016<br \/>\nSpecial Report:<br \/>\n A copy of\u2026[the February 12, 2013] <\/p>\n<p>appraisal [prepared on behalf of<br \/>\nRoyalty Development Ltd. (Pres:<br \/>\nAnthony Marquart)] for the NW quarter<br \/>\nof the East Parcels [116.86 acres],<br \/>\nwhich assigned a land value of about<br \/>\n$129,000 per acre,\u2026used a different<br \/>\nvaluation approach [cash flow-<\/p>\n<p>subdivision development analysis] than<br \/>\nthe GTH requested [Direct Comparison<br \/>\nApproach] [for its own appraisals].<\/p>\n<p>      [The appraisal] was prepared in<br \/>\nFebruary 2013 for a purpose other than<br \/>\nselling the land. Given this different<br \/>\npurpose, the appraisal used a different<br \/>\nappraisal methodology [cash flow-<br \/>\nsubdivision development analysis] that<br \/>\nused numerous assumptions. Changes<br \/>\nto any one of the assumptions would<br \/>\nimpact the appraiser\u2019s opinion of land<br \/>\nvalue. Also, it did not use the direct-<br \/>\ncomparison approach in the analysis\u2026.<br \/>\n[emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>      Considered only the NW quarter<br \/>\n[116.86 acres] of the East Parcels. We<br \/>\nfound this difference important because<br \/>\nthe GTH\u2019s October 2013 [commissioned<br \/>\ncirca May to August 2013] appraisal\u2026<br \/>\nhad assigned significantly different land<br \/>\nvalues for the two quarters comprising<br \/>\nthe East Parcels. [emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>The other approach to valuing the land,<br \/>\nthe Subdivision Development Method<br \/>\n(SDM), is a highly unreliable method of<br \/>\nvaluation, and inappropriate for valuing<br \/>\nraw land that is not serviced, is not<br \/>\nphysically ripe for development, and for<br \/>\nwhich there is no immediate demand for<br \/>\nend users (i.e., no presales to end users<br \/>\nof serviced lots or built space) and for<br \/>\nwhich no credit facility has been obtained.<br \/>\nThe SDM requires numerous inputs, all<br \/>\nof which must be individually supported,<br \/>\nand changes in any of the inputs can lead<br \/>\nto different estimates of land value. The<br \/>\nSDM can be an appropriate valuation<br \/>\nmodel as a test of financial feasibility if<br \/>\ndevelopment approvals can be obtained,<br \/>\ninfrastructure installed, credit facility<br \/>\narranged, and finished lots absorbed<br \/>\n(absorption stage), all within a reasonable<br \/>\ntimeframe of, say, five years. In any event,<br \/>\nSDM is rarely employed as a standalone<br \/>\nvaluation approach in estimating the<br \/>\nmarket value of raw land. <\/p>\n<p>Also, the appraisal relates only to<br \/>\nthe 116.86-acre parcel, which, relatively<br \/>\nspeaking, is more valuable per acre than<br \/>\nthe other (87.40-acre parcel) because of<br \/>\nproximity to services.<\/p>\n<p>While the government had the<br \/>\nunauthorized appraisal in its possession,<br \/>\nit never made overtures to the appraiser, <\/p>\n<p>The Saskatchewan Privacy Commissioner<br \/>\nordered all copies in the possession<br \/>\nof the government destroyed or returned<br \/>\nto the appraiser.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 29Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>nor did the government retain a qualified<br \/>\nappraiser to conduct a review of the<br \/>\nappraisal. In fact, the Senior Advisor<br \/>\nrepresenting the GTHA maintained<br \/>\n\u201cthat he had deemed\u2026 [the] appraisal<br \/>\nas irrelevant to the negotiations.[and]<br \/>\nas a result he indicated that he did not<br \/>\nformally review it.\u201d That statement is not<br \/>\nconsistent with comments appearing in<br \/>\nthe Privacy Commissioner\u2019s September<br \/>\n30, 2016 decision that \u201cthe GTH has<br \/>\nrecognized that a copy of the Appraisal<br \/>\nwas useful to them, however, it was not<br \/>\nnecessary,\u201d [and] \u201cthat this Appraisal<br \/>\nonly formed part of the information<br \/>\nconsidered for one land transaction<br \/>\n[116.86 acres]\u2026 [and that] they did not rely<br \/>\non this appraisal to a substantial extent.\u201d<br \/>\nA March 3, 2014 memo prepared by GTHA<br \/>\ndiscloses the following details about<br \/>\nthe purchase of the 204.26 acres and<br \/>\nacknowledges relying on two appraisals,<br \/>\nincluding the unauthorized one:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A total of 204.26 acres (82.7 hectares)<br \/>\nwill be assembled. It is estimated<br \/>\nthat MHI will require about 80 acres<br \/>\nfor the West Regina Bypass.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The purchase price in the Offer to<br \/>\nPurchase was based on two appraisals<br \/>\nand an actual land transaction that<br \/>\nclosed in February 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The first appraisal was completed<br \/>\nin October 2013 using a direct<br \/>\ncomparison approach arriving at a<br \/>\nmarket value of about $65,000 per<br \/>\nacre for the North parcel [116.86<br \/>\nacres] and $51,000 for the Southern<br \/>\nparcel [87.40 acres]. A second<br \/>\nappraisal was completed in February<br \/>\n2013 using a cash flow-subdivision<br \/>\ndevelopment analysis arriving at a<br \/>\nmarket value of about $129,556 per<br \/>\nacre for the North parcel [116.86<br \/>\nacres]. The purchase price for the<br \/>\nland transaction in February 2013<br \/>\nwas about $84,000 per acre.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Based on the above information, the<br \/>\nGTHA was approved to send a formal<br \/>\nOffer to Purchase on December 23, <\/p>\n<p>2013. The Offer to Purchase was<br \/>\naccepted by the seller on December 24,<br \/>\n2013 with a March 3, 2014 closing date.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The price the accepted offer was for<br \/>\n$103,000 per acre (about $254,410<br \/>\nper hectare) for a total cost of about<br \/>\n$21 million.<\/p>\n<p>Pursuant to the 2012 edition of CUSPAP,<br \/>\nan appraisal must disclose all particulars<br \/>\nsurrounding recent sales, listings (expired<br \/>\nand current) and pending agreements<br \/>\nof purchase and sale pertaining to the<br \/>\nsubject property:<br \/>\n 7.24 An Agreement  <\/p>\n<p>         for Sale\/Option\/Listing<br \/>\n Must be analyzed and reported if any <\/p>\n<p>agreement for sale, option, lease\u2026 or<br \/>\nlisting of the subject property occurred<br \/>\nwithin one year prior to the date of<br \/>\nvaluation, including any pending\/current<br \/>\nContract of Purchase and Sale\u2026 in such<br \/>\ninformation is available to the appraiser<br \/>\nin the normal course of business.<\/p>\n<p> 7.25 Prior Sales<br \/>\n Must be analyzed and reported if any <\/p>\n<p>sale of the subject property occurred<br \/>\nwithin three years prior to the<br \/>\neffective date of the appraisal, if such<br \/>\ninformation is available as at the date of<br \/>\nvaluation to the appraiser in the normal<br \/>\ncourse of business.<\/p>\n<p>There are only two possibilities as to<br \/>\nthese mandatory disclosures under<br \/>\nCUSPAP. Either the February 12, 2013<br \/>\nappraisal report does not include the<br \/>\ndisclosures, which means that the report<br \/>\nhas not been prepared in compliance<br \/>\nwith CUSPAP, or that the disclosures<br \/>\nare included in the appraisal report, and<br \/>\nwere ignored by the GTHA, as well as<br \/>\nthe Ministry of the Economy. Either way,<br \/>\nproperty-specific information of this<br \/>\nnature is critical as to its influence on the<br \/>\nmarket value of the 116.86-acre parcel.<\/p>\n<p>It was the Ministry of the Economy<br \/>\nthat provided the GTHA with an emailed<br \/>\ncopy of the unauthorized appraisal on<br \/>\nDecember 20, 2013, and the email offers <\/p>\n<p>no explanation as to when and how the<br \/>\nappraisal came into the possession of<br \/>\nthe Ministry of the Economy. However, a<br \/>\nNovember 11, 2013 email circulated within<br \/>\nthe Ministry of the Economy24 included the<br \/>\nFebruary 12, 2013 appraisal report as an<br \/>\nattachment, and expressed concern over<br \/>\nthe appraisal methodology, but that the<br \/>\nappraisal, which was of only the 116.86-<br \/>\nacre parcel, could \u201cmake a case\u201d in<br \/>\nrationalizing paying more for the property<br \/>\nthan warranted.<\/p>\n<p>Why the government disregarded an<br \/>\nOctober 23, 2013 appraisal prepared<br \/>\non behalf of MHI, which estimated the<br \/>\nvalue of the 204 acres at $30,000 per<br \/>\nacre (87.40 acres) and $35,000 per acre<br \/>\n(116.86 acres), has never been adequately<br \/>\nexplained. This October 23, 2013 appraisal<br \/>\nmakes full disclosure of the sales history<br \/>\nof the subject property and the required<br \/>\nanalysis, as mandated by sections 7.24<br \/>\nand 7.25 of CUSPAP<\/p>\n<p>The GTH Authority\u2019s own<br \/>\ncommissioned appraisal, effective<br \/>\nSeptember 26, 2013,25 was more recent<br \/>\nthan the unauthorized report (February<br \/>\n26, 2013) in its possession. This 28-page<br \/>\nappraisal, excluding appendices, based on<br \/>\nthe Direct Comparison Approach, reflects<br \/>\nvalues of $65,000 per acre (116.87 acres)<br \/>\nand $51,000 per acre (87.41 acres).26 <\/p>\n<p>In discussing the sales history of the<br \/>\ntwo properties, as mandated by sections<br \/>\n7.24 and 7.25 of CUSPAP, the report states:<br \/>\n Public records show that the <\/p>\n<p>subject property [116.87 acres]<br \/>\ntransferred on February 26, 2013 for<br \/>\n$9,818,588 [$84,020 per acre] from<br \/>\n139 Land Corporation to 101225232<br \/>\nSaskatchewan Ltd.,27 this sale has<br \/>\nbeen utilized as Index #2. On March<br \/>\n21, 2012, there was a miscellaneous<br \/>\ninterest registered on title by 139 Land<br \/>\nCorporation claiming an interest as<br \/>\npurchaser under an accepted Offer<br \/>\nto Purchase for $55,000 per acre<br \/>\nconfirmed with the purchaser. Written<br \/>\ndocumentation was not provided.  <\/p>\n<p>Pursuant to the 2012 edition of CUSPAP, an appraisal must disclose all<br \/>\nparticulars surrounding recent sales, listings (expired and current) and<br \/>\npending agreements of purchase and sale pertaining to the subject property.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 30 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>To our knowledge, the subject property<br \/>\nis not currently listed for sale, nor<br \/>\nto our knowledge are there any sale<br \/>\nagreements or offers to purchase<br \/>\nthe subject property. However, we<br \/>\nunderstand the subject property is<br \/>\ncurrently owned by a development<br \/>\ncompany that is active in the area.<br \/>\n[emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>      Public records show that the subject<br \/>\nproperty [87.41 acres] transferred<br \/>\non February 26, 2013 for $6,264,954<br \/>\n[$71,673 per acre] from 139 Land<br \/>\nCorporation to 101225232 Saskatchewan<br \/>\nLtd., this sale has been utilized as<br \/>\nIndex #3. On March 21, 2012, there was a<br \/>\nmiscellaneous interest registered on title<br \/>\nby 139 Land Corporation claiming<br \/>\nan interest as purchaser under an<br \/>\naccepted Offer to Purchase for $45,000<br \/>\nper acre confirmed with the purchaser.<br \/>\nWritten documentation was not provided.<br \/>\nOn September 13, 2011, there was a<br \/>\nnon-arm\u2019s length transfer of the<br \/>\nproperty between related parties.  <\/p>\n<p>To our knowledge, the subject property<br \/>\nis not currently listed for sale, nor to our<br \/>\nknowledge are there any sale agreements<br \/>\nor offers to purchase the subject<br \/>\nproperty. However, we understand the<br \/>\nsubject property is currently owned by<br \/>\na development company that is active in<br \/>\nthe area. [emphasis added]<\/p>\n<p>Whatever the GTHA\u2019s rationale for<br \/>\npurchasing the 204 acres at the grossly<br \/>\ninflated and unwarranted price of $103,000<br \/>\nper acre, it is apparent that the GTHA:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Had no appraisal policies in place<br \/>\nto support potential land<br \/>\nacquisitions, and it lacked in-house<br \/>\nappraisal expertise; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Failed to act prudently on behalf of<br \/>\nthe taxpaying public, which ultimately<br \/>\nwere out millions of dollars; and <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Undermined MHI\u2019s intention to<br \/>\nacquire the lands for highway<br \/>\npurposes, a ministry with the<br \/>\nstatutory power to acquire the lands<br \/>\nat market value in compliance with<br \/>\nthe Expropriation Procedure Act.<\/p>\n<p>A governmental agency that lacks the<br \/>\nexpertise to review an appraisal report,<br \/>\nwhether commissioned directly or received<br \/>\nindirectly through a third party, should<br \/>\nretain a competent review appraiser. A<br \/>\nthird-party appraisal report should never<br \/>\nbe accepted or acted upon unless the<br \/>\ngovernmental agency is expressly identified<br \/>\nas an intended user, the intended use is<br \/>\nconsistent with the agency\u2019s objective, and<br \/>\nallows for public disclosure. In the event<br \/>\nof sustained financial losses stemming<br \/>\nfrom reliance on an appraisal report as<br \/>\nan unintended user, it is unlikely that a<br \/>\nnegligence claim against the appraiser<br \/>\nwould be successful. <\/p>\n<p>NOTE: To access an extended<br \/>\nversion of this article as well<br \/>\nas the footnotes\/end notes<br \/>\nthat are referenced, please<br \/>\nvisit the AIC Online Library at<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>a step above<\/p>\n<p>Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company is a Canadian owned and operated Property and Casualty insurance company specializing in niche<br \/>\ninsurance and surety products. We are a proud supporter of the Insurance Broker\u2019s Association of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>Proud Professional Liability <\/p>\n<p>Insurance Partner of the Appraisal <\/p>\n<p>Institute of Canada<\/p>\n<p>Learn more at www.trisura.com<\/p>\n<p>Realize your<br \/>\npotential at<br \/>\nAltus Group<\/p>\n<p>350+<br \/>\nappraisers<br \/>\neconomists<br \/>\nmarket researchers<br \/>\nadvisors<\/p>\n<p>Join our Research, Valuation and Advisory team<br \/>\naltusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>Follow us on<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 31Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IgHSVQzenm\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/\">Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0&#8221; &#8212; Trisura\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/embed\/#?secret=WXsizsunmq#?secret=IgHSVQzenm\" data-secret=\"IgHSVQzenm\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/altusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>Une \u00e9valuation est con\u00e7ue pour \u00e9tayer un processus de prise de d\u00e9cision concernant une propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e9valu\u00e9e. Un parti commandant une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation se fiera \u00e0 celle-ci ou tentera<br \/>\nd\u2019inciter un autre parti \u00e0 le faire.<br \/>\nM\u00eame les parties qui utilisent souvent<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuations n\u2019ont habituellement<br \/>\npas les comp\u00e9tences requises pour<br \/>\ncomprendre quand et sous quelles<br \/>\nconditions elles peuvent ou devraient<br \/>\nse fier \u00e0 un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Une<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision prise \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re d\u2019un rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation qui ne jouit pas d\u2019un<br \/>\ntitre l\u00e9gal peut entra\u00eener des pertes<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8res et des cons\u00e9quences non<br \/>\npr\u00e9vues, comme ce f\u00fbt le cas lorsque<br \/>\nle gouvernement de la Saskatchewan a<br \/>\nn\u00e9goci\u00e9 un accord en vue d\u2019acheter plus<br \/>\nde terrain pour le Global Transportation<br \/>\nHub (GTH), par l\u2019entremise de la Global<br \/>\nTransportation Hub Authority (GTHA).<br \/>\nUne s\u00e9quence d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements (et de<br \/>\nconduites douteuses), d\u00e9butant en<br \/>\nnovembre 2011 et culminant avec la<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision de la GTHA d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir 204 acres<br \/>\nen d\u00e9cembre 2013 \u00e0 un prix exag\u00e9r\u00e9ment<br \/>\ngonfl\u00e91, tout en se fiant \u00e0 un rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation non autoris\u00e9 \u00ab reposant<br \/>\nsur une analyse du flux de tr\u00e9sorerie<br \/>\npour un d\u00e9veloppement subdivis\u00e9 \u00bb<br \/>\nafin d\u2019\u00e9valuer un terrain vague pour<br \/>\nutilisation agricole.<\/p>\n<p>Un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9par\u00e9<br \/>\npar un membre de l\u2019Institut canadien <\/p>\n<p>Perspective<br \/>\n d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\n    Le gouvernement a surpay\u00e9 un terrain  <\/p>\n<p>    en se fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation non autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) ou par l\u2019Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute (\u00c9.-U.) doit contenir une<br \/>\n\u00ab certification obligatoire \u00bb, incluant une<br \/>\nd\u00e9claration \u00e0 cet effet :<br \/>\n \u00ab Je certifie qu\u2019autant que je sache, <\/p>\n<p>mes analyses, opinions et conclusions<br \/>\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9es et le pr\u00e9sent rapport<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux<br \/>\nNUPPEC. \u00bb [emphase ajout\u00e9e]<\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9claration est une affirmation<br \/>\nsans preuve de conformit\u00e9 aux Normes<br \/>\nuniformes de pratique professionnelle<br \/>\nen mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada<br \/>\n(NUPPEC) ou aux Uniform Standards<br \/>\nof Professional Appraisal Practice<br \/>\n(USPAP). Une agence publique ne devrait<br \/>\naccepter aucune \u00e9valuation comme<br \/>\nvaleur nominale sans qu\u2019elle soit bien<br \/>\nexamin\u00e9e. Une agence publique sans<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs qualifi\u00e9s devrait retenir les<br \/>\nservices d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur-examinateur,<br \/>\nqui a l\u2019obligation de mener l\u2019examen de<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante et objective, en<br \/>\nregardant l\u2019\u00e9valuation, pas l\u2019\u00e9valuateur.<br \/>\nIl faut lire un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation en<br \/>\nentier et examiner toutes ses annexes.<\/p>\n<p>Selon l\u2019ICE, en d\u00e9crivant Ce que<br \/>\nfont les \u00e9valuateurs, le public peut<br \/>\ns\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce que ses membres<br \/>\nfournissent \u00ab des \u00e9valuations impartiales<br \/>\net fiables \u00bb qui \u00ab certifient la valeur<br \/>\nr\u00e9elle d\u2019une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb et se fier \u00e0<br \/>\ncelles-ci pour prendre \u00ab des d\u00e9cisions<br \/>\njudicieuses en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immobilier \u00bb.2<br \/>\nUne \u00e9valuation d\u00e9ficiente ou peu fiable<br \/>\nmine la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs <\/p>\n<p>professionnels aux yeux du public et une<br \/>\nagence gouvernementale expos\u00e9e \u00e0 un<br \/>\ntel rapport devrait directement rejeter<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation. Si l\u2019\u00e9valuation fautive a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 faite par une personne d\u00e9tenant<br \/>\nune d\u00e9signation d\u2019\u00e9valuateur, une<br \/>\nplainte devrait \u00eatre d\u00e9pos\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nl\u2019organisation qui l\u2019emploie.<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a pris des actions en fonction<br \/>\nd\u2019une \u00e9valuation d\u00e9ficiente ou peu fiable<br \/>\nqui ont caus\u00e9 des pertes financi\u00e8res, il<br \/>\nest utile de faire appel \u00e0 un \u00e9valuateur-<br \/>\nexaminateur comp\u00e9tent (de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence<br \/>\nsous la direction d\u2019un avocat) et, en m\u00eame<br \/>\ntemps, d\u2019obtenir des avis juridiques quant<br \/>\n\u00e0 savoir s\u2019il est appropri\u00e9 de r\u00e9clamer<br \/>\ndes dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour n\u00e9gligence.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9l\u00e9ments requis permettant d\u2019obtenir<br \/>\ngain de cause dans une r\u00e9clamation pour<br \/>\nn\u00e9gligence, tel qu\u2019indiqu\u00e9 dans Queen c.<br \/>\nCognos Inc.,3 sont les suivants :<br \/>\n1. Il doit y avoir une obligation de  <\/p>\n<p>diligence fond\u00e9e sur un \u00ab lien sp\u00e9cial \u00bb<br \/>\nentre l\u2019auteur et le destinataire de<br \/>\nla d\u00e9claration;<\/p>\n<p>2. La d\u00e9claration en question doit \u00eatre<br \/>\nfausse, inexacte ou trompeuse;<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u2019auteur doit avoir agi d\u2019une<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re n\u00e9gligente;<\/p>\n<p>4. Le destinataire doit s\u2019\u00eatre fi\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re raisonnable \u00e0 la d\u00e9claration<br \/>\ninexacte faite par n\u00e9gligence; et<\/p>\n<p>5. Le fait que le destinataire se soit fi\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 la d\u00e9claration doit lui \u00eatre<br \/>\npr\u00e9judiciable en ce sens qu\u2019il doit<br \/>\navoir subi un pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n<p>PAR TONY SEVELKA,  <\/p>\n<p>MAI, SREA, FRICS,  <\/p>\n<p>AACI, P.APP, AI-GRS<\/p>\n<p>WWW.INTVAL.COM<\/p>\n<p>(519) 927-9132<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 32 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Ces cinq \u00e9l\u00e9ments doivent \u00eatre prouv\u00e9s<br \/>\npar le requ\u00e9rant. Il n\u2019est pas rare<br \/>\nque des \u00e9valuateurs raisonnables<br \/>\nne s\u2019entendent pas sur la valeur. Les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs peuvent aussi commettre<br \/>\nune erreur de jugement qui n\u2019atteint<br \/>\npas le niveau de la n\u00e9gligence.4 Si<br \/>\nune opinion de la valeur ne repose<br \/>\npas sur des arguments raisonnables<br \/>\nou logiques, en contexte d\u2019utilisation<br \/>\npr\u00e9vue, ou si un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nest sem\u00e9 d\u2019erreurs de commission<br \/>\nou d\u2019omission li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9,<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019exactitude, au bien-fond\u00e9 et<br \/>\n\u00e0 la pertinence, tel que support\u00e9<br \/>\npar l\u2019examen exhaustif du rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, un requ\u00e9rant aura<br \/>\nprobablement gain de cause dans<br \/>\nsa r\u00e9clamation pour n\u00e9gligence.5 Un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur-examinateur agissant<br \/>\ncomme t\u00e9moin expert a le devoir<br \/>\nprimordial d\u2019aider le tribunal, sans<br \/>\nd\u00e9fendre la position du client.6 Un<br \/>\ndocument comme les NUPPEC entrera<br \/>\nvraisemblablement dans l\u2019analyse<br \/>\njuridique du tribunal.7<\/p>\n<p>Un utilisateur non pr\u00e9vu (non<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9) avait une r\u00e9clamation pour<br \/>\nn\u00e9gligence contre un \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nremerci\u00e9,8 mais le juge a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<br \/>\nque, si la question de n\u00e9gligence avait<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9e, il aurait conclu que<br \/>\n\u00ab l\u2019\u00e9valuateur avait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9gligent \u00bb,<br \/>\ncitant les NUPPEC pour appuyer son<br \/>\nanalyse juridique. Malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9claration<br \/>\nexplicite dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 l\u2019effet que<br \/>\n\u00ab les analyses, opinions et conclusions<br \/>\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment aux<br \/>\nNUPPEC \u00bb, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur avait une<br \/>\nobligation d\u2019inclure dans son rapport :<br \/>\n L\u2019impact du r\u00e8glement sur les <\/p>\n<p>plaines inondables sur la valeur, que<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur a n\u00e9glig\u00e9 d\u2019analyser&#8230; [et]<br \/>\npar cons\u00e9quent, a surestim\u00e9 la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande du bien immobilier de<br \/>\n622 000 $. [para 45 et 46]<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue de l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9tait<br \/>\nd\u2019aider le pr\u00eateur \u00e0 d\u00e9cider si le bien <\/p>\n<p>immobilier offrait assez de garanties<br \/>\npour un pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire. L\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nsavait que le terrain se trouvait dans<br \/>\nune plaine inondable et son rapport<br \/>\nn\u2019en faisait aucune mention. L\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale est une exigence fondamentale<br \/>\nde toutes les \u00e9valuations, dont les<br \/>\ncontr\u00f4les de l\u2019utilisation des terres sont<br \/>\nune consid\u00e9ration cl\u00e9, et sur laquelle<br \/>\nrepose toute estimation de la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande. Le terrain consiste en 11<br \/>\nlots qui ne peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s<br \/>\npour l\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue \u00ab comme<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement de type commercial \u00bb, \u00e0<br \/>\ncause des restrictions de construction<br \/>\non\u00e9reuses contenues dans le r\u00e8glement<br \/>\nsur les plaines inondables.<\/p>\n<p>Un organisme public faisant<br \/>\nl\u2019acquisition d\u2019un terrain avec des fonds<br \/>\npublics au nom des contribuables a le<br \/>\ndevoir de mener ses affaires de fa\u00e7on<br \/>\nprudente et transparente et de payer<br \/>\nla juste valeur marchande. Dans un<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 tr\u00e8s controvers\u00e9 impliquant<br \/>\nl\u2019achat d\u2019un terrain par le gouvernement<br \/>\nde la Saskatchewan relativement au<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement du GTH, on a pay\u00e9<br \/>\n103 000 $ l\u2019acre pour 204 acres, en<br \/>\nd\u00e9cembre 2013. Le gouvernement a<br \/>\njustifi\u00e9 l\u2019acquisition en s\u2019appuyant sur une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation non autoris\u00e9e de f\u00e9vrier 2013,<br \/>\nsoumise par le vendeur, qui \u00ab indiquait<br \/>\nque le terrain valait 125 000 $ [l\u2019acre] \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>En juin 2012, les \u00e9valuations<br \/>\ncommand\u00e9es par le minist\u00e8re des<br \/>\nServices gouvernementaux (contrat<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation redirig\u00e9 \u00e0 la GTHA)<br \/>\nestimaient la valeur de ces m\u00eames 204<br \/>\nacres \u00e0 3,46 millions $, en se basant<br \/>\nsur 20 000 $ l\u2019acre (116,86 acres)<br \/>\net 15 000 $ l\u2019acre (87,40 acres). On<br \/>\ncommandait \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nd\u2019une parcelle de 41,15 acres, qui<br \/>\n\u00e9tait \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 15 000 $ l\u2019acre, et, en<br \/>\nnovembre 2012, la GTHA concluait<br \/>\nune entente avec le propri\u00e9taire pour<br \/>\nacqu\u00e9rir le bien immobilier, au prix de<br \/>\n30 000 $ l\u2019acre.<\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00e9rant que cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tait<br \/>\nen vente sur le march\u00e9 libre depuis plus<br \/>\nde trois ans et demi et que l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde juin 2012 donnait 15 000 $ l\u2019acre, on<br \/>\npeut raisonnablement conclure que<br \/>\nle prix de 30 000 $ l\u2019acre n\u00e9goci\u00e9 par<br \/>\nla GTHA en novembre 2012, environ<br \/>\ndeux fois la valeur marchande de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e9tait fortement influenc\u00e9<br \/>\npar l\u2019autoroute et les projets publics<br \/>\ndu GTH (c.-\u00e0.d. le \u00ab stratag\u00e8me \u00bb).<br \/>\nLa propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est zon\u00e9e \u00ab AIU (avoir<br \/>\nimmobilier urbain \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019acquisition de 204 acres par la<br \/>\nGTHA en d\u00e9cembre 2013, \u00e0 103 000 $<br \/>\nl\u2019acre, est trois fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que les<br \/>\n30 000 \u00e0 35 000 $ l\u2019acre estim\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nune \u00e9valuation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en octobre<br \/>\n20139 pour le compte du gouvernement<br \/>\nde la Saskatchewan (minist\u00e8re des<br \/>\nAutoroutes)10, alors que \u00ab l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\npr\u00e9vue de l\u2019\u00e9valuation\u2026 pour aider \u00e0<br \/>\nfaire l\u2019acquisition du terrain pour une<br \/>\nchauss\u00e9e propos\u00e9e \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\n204 acres pr\u00e9par\u00e9e pour le minist\u00e8re<br \/>\ndes Autoroutes (MA) donne des valeurs<br \/>\nde 30 000 $ l\u2019acre (87,40 acres) et de<br \/>\n35 000 $ l\u2019acre (116,86 acres) et les<br \/>\nestimations de la valeur reposent sur<br \/>\ndes ventes comparables, en employant<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thode de comparaison directe.<\/p>\n<p>Ces 204 acres \u00e9taient menac\u00e9s<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation, mais le rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation n\u2019\u00e9voque pas<br \/>\nl\u2019Expropriation Procedure Act de la<br \/>\nSaskatchewan : une l\u00e9gislation faisant<br \/>\nen sorte que l\u2019autorit\u00e9 expropriante n\u2019ait<br \/>\npas \u00e0 payer pour toute augmentation de<br \/>\nla valeur du terrain occasionn\u00e9e par les<br \/>\ntravaux publics (c.-\u00e0.d. le \u00ab stratag\u00e8me \u00bb)<br \/>\net qui n\u2019est pas li\u00e9e aux variations<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rales des prix dans le march\u00e9<br \/>\nimmobilier correspondant. Il peut \u00eatre<br \/>\ndifficile pour un \u00e9valuateur de discerner<br \/>\nles augmentations de prix d\u00e9coulant<br \/>\ndes ventes de terrains survenues suite<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019annonce ou au d\u00e9but imminent d\u2019un<br \/>\nprojet public majeur.<\/p>\n<p>Un propri\u00e9taire dont le terrain est menac\u00e9 d\u2019expropriation devrait rechercher l\u2019avis<br \/>\njuridique d\u2019un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en la mati\u00e8re et retenir les services d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nqui comprend le statut pertinent d\u2019expropriation et qui poss\u00e8de la comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\net l\u2019expertise n\u00e9ces expertise n\u00e9cessaires pour remplir le contrat de service.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 33Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Un propri\u00e9taire dont le terrain<br \/>\nest menac\u00e9 d\u2019expropriation devrait<br \/>\nrechercher l\u2019avis juridique d\u2019un avocat<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en la mati\u00e8re et retenir les<br \/>\nservices d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur qui comprend<br \/>\nle statut pertinent d\u2019expropriation et qui<br \/>\nposs\u00e8de la comp\u00e9tence et l\u2019expertise<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour remplir le contrat de<br \/>\nservice. Un \u00e9valuateur d\u2019expropriation<br \/>\ntravaille souvent sous la direction de<br \/>\nconseillers juridiques. Une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\npr\u00e9par\u00e9e pour le compte d\u2019une autorit\u00e9<br \/>\nexpropriante doit \u00e9galement r\u00e9pondre aux<br \/>\nm\u00eames normes de comp\u00e9tence attendues<br \/>\net le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation devrait \u00eatre<br \/>\nexamin\u00e9 par un \u00e9valuateur-examinateur<br \/>\nd\u2019exp\u00e9rience au nom du propri\u00e9taire du<br \/>\nbien immobilier.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019acquisition de terrains priv\u00e9s pour<br \/>\nun projet public, comme une autoroute<br \/>\nmajeure ou le GTH, peut grandement<br \/>\ninfluencer les prix immobiliers, en<br \/>\nfonction du segment du march\u00e9<br \/>\nimmobilier touch\u00e9 par le projet. Le<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taire du bien immobilier qui a<br \/>\nvendu au minist\u00e8re des Autoroutes et<br \/>\nde l\u2019Infrastructure (MAI) certains de<br \/>\nses terrains menac\u00e9s d\u2019expropriation<br \/>\n\u00e0 deux occasions (une fois apr\u00e8s<br \/>\nm\u00e9diation et une fois apr\u00e8s n\u00e9gociation),<br \/>\ndes ann\u00e9es plus tard, apr\u00e8s que les<br \/>\nprix des terrains avaient augment\u00e9, a<br \/>\npoursuivi le gouvernement pour obtenir<br \/>\nplus d\u2019argent.11<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9dommagement payable sous<br \/>\nl\u2019Expropriation Procedure Act doit ignorer<br \/>\ntoute augmentation ou diminution de<br \/>\nla valeur d\u00e9coulant ou ayant un lien<br \/>\nde causalit\u00e9 avec l\u2019expropriation. Au<br \/>\nmoment o\u00f9 le MA songeait \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir<br \/>\nles 204 acres, le GTH propos\u00e9 \u00e9tait-il li\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019expansion projet\u00e9e de l\u2019autoroute ?<br \/>\nEn d\u2019autres mots, le GTH fait-il partie<br \/>\ndu \u00ab stratag\u00e8me \u00bb global ? Tel que not\u00e9<br \/>\ndans le Rapport sp\u00e9cial du v\u00e9rificateur<br \/>\n(juin 2016), le minist\u00e8re des Services<br \/>\ngouvernementaux et le MA devaient<br \/>\nacqu\u00e9rir les 204 acres (parcelles Est) et<br \/>\n41 acres suppl\u00e9mentaires (parcelle Sud).<\/p>\n<p>La Global Transportation Hub<br \/>\nAuthority Act, qui n\u2019a vu le jour qu\u2019en<br \/>\nao\u00fbt 2013, n\u2019avait pas le pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation dont jouissait le MAI.<br \/>\nAlors, pourquoi la GTHA a-t-elle interf\u00e9r\u00e9<br \/>\nou concurrenc\u00e9 avec le MAI pour<br \/>\nl\u2019acquisition propos\u00e9e des 204 acres,<br \/>\ns\u2019exposant aux caprices du march\u00e9<br \/>\net payant un prix exorbitant pour les<br \/>\nterrains, dont la valeur \u00e9tait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9<br \/>\nsurtout cr\u00e9\u00e9e par le \u00ab stratag\u00e8me \u00bb lui-<br \/>\nm\u00eame ? Tout le monde savait que le MAI<br \/>\nfinirait par acqu\u00e9rir ces terrains pour<br \/>\nl\u2019autoroute contempl\u00e9e.12<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9par\u00e9e pour le compte<br \/>\ndu MAI divulgue clairement que les<br \/>\nvaleurs estim\u00e9es de 30 000 $ l\u2019acre et de<br \/>\n35 000 $ l\u2019acre sont \u00ab pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es \u00bb plut\u00f4t<br \/>\nque \u00ab telles quelles  \u00bb. On peut supposer<br \/>\nque sans ces hypoth\u00e8ses, la valeur des<br \/>\n204 acres \u00e0 la date r\u00e9elle de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\n(23 octobre 2013)13, aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0<br \/>\nces montants. Il est \u00e9galement clair que<br \/>\ntoutes les transactions survenues apr\u00e8s<br \/>\nl\u2019annonce publique du MAI, le 9 mars<br \/>\n2009, concernant ses plans d\u2019autoroute<br \/>\npour faciliter le projet du GTH ont fait<br \/>\ngrimper les prix des terrains.<\/p>\n<p>La GTH Authority Act n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9dict\u00e9e<br \/>\nque le 6 ao\u00fbt 2013.14 En date de mars<br \/>\n2016, le GTH incluait 1871 acres, dont 732<br \/>\nacres appartiennent \u00e0 des entreprises<br \/>\nsises dans le GTH, 346 acres servent<br \/>\naux infrastructures communes et 114<br \/>\nacres sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019usage du MAI. \u00c0<br \/>\npart les 245 acres, incluant l\u2019acquisition<br \/>\ncontrovers\u00e9e des 204 acres par la GTHA,<br \/>\nle MAI a achet\u00e9 les terrains pour le GTH.<\/p>\n<p>La GTH Act stipule que \u00ab si le prix<br \/>\nd\u2019achat ou le prix de vente de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans une transaction conclue par<br \/>\nl\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u00e9passe le montant fix\u00e9 par<br \/>\nle lieutenant-gouverneur en conseil<br \/>\n[5 millions $] \u00bb, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 doit obtenir<br \/>\nl\u2019approbation du lieutenant-gouverneur<br \/>\nen conseil.<\/p>\n<p>Ces m\u00eames 204 acres avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9s par Tappauf quand, au d\u00e9but<br \/>\n2012, il a vu une parcelle de terrain <\/p>\n<p>de 87 acres \u00e0 vendre (inscrite en ao\u00fbt<br \/>\n2011) jouxtant le GTH, le parc industriel<br \/>\nd\u00e9tenu par le gouvernement provincial.<br \/>\nTappauf a pay\u00e9 le prix demand\u00e9 de<br \/>\n45 000 $ l\u2019acre. Par l\u2019entremise de ses<br \/>\ncourtiers en immeubles, Tappauf a par<br \/>\nla suite contact\u00e9 le propri\u00e9taire des<br \/>\n117 acres adjacents, conclu un march\u00e9<br \/>\nde 55 000 $ l\u2019acre et, en mars 2012, il<br \/>\navait les deux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sous contrat.15<br \/>\nLes n\u00e9gociations pour les 117 acres ont<br \/>\ncommenc\u00e9, en f\u00e9vrier 2012, \u00e0 15 000 $<br \/>\nl\u2019acre, puis \u00e0 25 000 $, 30 000 $, 45 000 $<br \/>\net, enfin, \u00e0 55 000 $ l\u2019acre.<\/p>\n<p>En combinaison, Tappauf a pay\u00e9 le<br \/>\nprix moyen de 50 735 $ l\u2019acre pour les<br \/>\n204 acres. On ne conna\u00eet pas la structure<br \/>\ndes transactions, mais il est possible<br \/>\nqu\u2019une partie importante du prix d\u2019achat<br \/>\ndans chaque transaction soit sous forme<br \/>\nde financement hypoth\u00e9caire accord\u00e9<br \/>\npar le vendeur selon des modalit\u00e9s<br \/>\nfavorables, ce qui est typique des achats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tiques de terrains vagues. Le<br \/>\nfinancement hypoth\u00e9caire conventionnel<br \/>\nde terrains vagues avec de bonnes<br \/>\nmodalit\u00e9s est difficile \u00e0 obtenir, alors<br \/>\nque le ratio pr\u00eat\/valeur ne d\u00e9passe pas<br \/>\nhabituellement 50 %. Tappauf contr\u00f4lait<br \/>\nles deux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en vertu des ententes<br \/>\nconditionnelles de mars 2012, qui<br \/>\nincluaient des p\u00e9riodes prolong\u00e9es de<br \/>\ndiligence raisonnable et qui ne devaient<br \/>\ncl\u00f4turer que le 26 f\u00e9vrier 2013, donnant<br \/>\nle temps \u00e0 l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur potentiel de<br \/>\ntrouver un acheteur qui accepterait de<br \/>\npayer les terrains \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<br \/>\nLes transactions en cours de n\u00e9gociation<br \/>\net les \u00ab \u00e9changes \u00bb de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s se<br \/>\nsont conclus le m\u00eame jour et le nom de<br \/>\nTappauf n\u2019a jamais figur\u00e9 sur le titre.<\/p>\n<p>Tappauf a dit qu\u2019\u00ab il pensait pouvoir<br \/>\n\u00e9ventuellement transformer les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s en subdivision industrielle \u00bb,<br \/>\napparemment non inform\u00e9 par son<br \/>\ncourtier en immeubles que \u00ab le<br \/>\ngouvernement pensait construire une<br \/>\nautoroute \u00e0 travers ses terrains \u00bb.16 Ces<br \/>\nterrains ne sont pas desservis, leur<br \/>\nzonage ne permet pas le d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nurbain et ils forment une partie de la<br \/>\nvoie de contournement West Region<br \/>\nBypass planifi\u00e9e, adjacente \u00e0 un corridor<br \/>\nferroviaire.17 Le MAI a fait circuler parmi<br \/>\nles propri\u00e9taires des biens immobiliers <\/p>\n<p>Acheter un terrain qui est sous menace<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation est une pratique tr\u00e8s inhabituelle,<br \/>\nsurtout si l\u2019acheteur \u00e9ventuel est un promoteur.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 34 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>potentiellement touch\u00e9s un croquis de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9changeur routier, qui semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\ncr\u00e9\u00e9 en novembre 2011. En juin 2013, trois<br \/>\nmois apr\u00e8s que les deux vendeurs aient<br \/>\nsign\u00e9 des ententes pour vendre leurs<br \/>\nterrains \u00e0 Tappauf, le MAI les a contact\u00e9s<br \/>\npour les \u00ab pr\u00e9venir que le gouvernement<br \/>\npourrait requ\u00e9rir plus de leurs terrains<br \/>\npour l\u2019\u00e9changeur \u00bb. L\u2019avocat de Tappauf<br \/>\na par la suite re\u00e7u cette information<br \/>\net Tappauf \u00ab pouvait encore annuler le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 et r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer son d\u00e9p\u00f4t \u00bb, mais,<br \/>\nau lieu de cela, les deux transactions<br \/>\nont eu lieu et cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 le 26 f\u00e9vrier 2013.<br \/>\nAcheter un terrain qui est sous menace<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation est une pratique tr\u00e8s<br \/>\ninhabituelle, surtout si l\u2019acheteur \u00e9ventuel<br \/>\nest un promoteur. Quant \u00e0 une transaction<br \/>\nmotiv\u00e9e par la sp\u00e9culation, l\u2019achat d\u2019un<br \/>\nterrain qui risque d\u2019\u00eatre expropri\u00e9 n\u2019a<br \/>\nde sens que si son prix est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la<br \/>\nvaleur du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les deux vendeurs qui ont vendu les<br \/>\n204 acres combin\u00e9s \u00e0 Tappauf avaient<br \/>\nd\u00e9j\u00e0 vendu au MAI certains de leurs avoirs<br \/>\nimmobiliers sous menace d\u2019expropriation.<br \/>\nLe MAI a achet\u00e9 une superficie \u00e0 9 000<br \/>\n$ l\u2019acre en 2010 et \u00e0 11 000 $ l\u2019acre en<br \/>\n2011.18 Ces prix refl\u00e8tent les prix pay\u00e9s<br \/>\npar le gouvernement pour d\u2019autres biens<br \/>\nimmobiliers durant la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n<p>Aussi, en ao\u00fbt 2009, quand les<br \/>\nconditions \u00e9conomiques \u00e9taient<br \/>\nmoins robustes suite \u00e0 la crise<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8re mondiale de 2008, la Regina<br \/>\nAirport Authority a fait l\u2019acquisition<br \/>\nde 217,77 acres, au taux unitaire de<br \/>\n12 000 $ l\u2019acre. Attenante \u00e0 l\u2019A\u00e9roport<br \/>\nde R\u00e9gina, cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est situ\u00e9e<br \/>\ndans les limites de la ville et zon\u00e9e AIU<br \/>\n(avoir immobilier urbain).<\/p>\n<p>Le 3 d\u00e9cembre 2013, une<br \/>\nrecommandation du minist\u00e8re de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00c9conomie (pr\u00e9sident du GTH) parvenait<br \/>\nau conseil du GTH, recommandant que<br \/>\nle gouvernement de la Saskatchewan<br \/>\n\u00ab fasse l\u2019acquisition des parcelles Est<br \/>\n[\u00e0 105 000 $ l\u2019acre] pour soutenir la <\/p>\n<p>construction de l\u2019\u00e9changeur donnant<br \/>\nacc\u00e8s au GTH et vende les terrains<br \/>\nrestants au GTH pour d\u2019autres<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppements \u00bb. Le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2013,<br \/>\nle conseil du GTH recevait du minist\u00e8re<br \/>\nune recommandation r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, \u00e0 l\u2019effet<br \/>\nque \u00ab le GTH ach\u00e8terait les terrains<br \/>\nau prix l\u00e9g\u00e8rement r\u00e9duit de 103 000 $<br \/>\nl\u2019acre et soutiendrait la construction de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9changeur \u00bb.19 Une s\u00e9rie de notes de<br \/>\nservice r\u00e9dig\u00e9es par le GTH donne un<br \/>\naper\u00e7u de l\u2019acquisition des 204 acres.20<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation du 12 f\u00e9vrier<br \/>\n2013, comptant 42 pages, avait \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\npr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour l\u2019usage exclusif de Royalty<br \/>\nDevelopments Limited (pr\u00e9sident,<br \/>\nAnthony Marquart)21 et des pr\u00eateurs de<br \/>\nleur choix, alors qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient inscrits<br \/>\ncomme les seuls utilisateurs pr\u00e9vus du<br \/>\nrapport, qui emp\u00eachait la GTHA de se<br \/>\nfier \u00e0 celui-ci. Le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nn\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu public. En fait, le<br \/>\ncommissaire \u00e0 la protection de la vie<br \/>\npriv\u00e9e de la Saskatchewan a ordonn\u00e9<br \/>\nque tous les exemplaires en possession<br \/>\ndu gouvernement soient d\u00e9truits ou<br \/>\nretourn\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur, parce que la<br \/>\nGTHA n\u2019a pas pay\u00e9 pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\net que \u00ab le GTH a re\u00e7u un exemplaire<br \/>\ndu rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation de mani\u00e8re<br \/>\ninappropri\u00e9e \u00bb, sans l\u2019autorisation<br \/>\n\u00e9crite de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur. En prenant sa<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision,22 le commissaire a not\u00e9 les<br \/>\nrestrictions suivantes indiqu\u00e9es dans le<br \/>\nrapport de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur :<br \/>\n L\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue de l\u2019\u00e9valuation <\/p>\n<p>est pour les fins internes du client<br \/>\net pour assister les m\u00e9canismes<br \/>\nde financement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en<br \/>\nquestion. Il n\u2019est pas raisonnable<br \/>\npour toute autre personne autre que<br \/>\nle client, le pr\u00eateur de son choix et [la<br \/>\nfirme d\u2019\u00e9valuation] de se fier \u00e0 cette<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation sans d\u2019abord en obtenir<br \/>\nl\u2019autorisation \u00e9crite de toutes les<br \/>\nparties. Ce rapport a \u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9 sur<br \/>\nl&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se  qu\u2019aucune autre personne<br \/>\nne se fiera \u00e0 lui pour tout autre but <\/p>\n<p>et toute responsabilit\u00e9 face \u00e0 une<br \/>\ntelle personne est rejet\u00e9e. [para 15]<br \/>\n[emphase ajout\u00e9e]<\/p>\n<p>      Sauf si cela est n\u00e9cessaire pour<br \/>\nfaciliter la fonction de cette \u00e9valuation,<br \/>\ntelle qu\u2019indiqu\u00e9e dans les pr\u00e9sentes, il<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas raisonnable pour toute autre<br \/>\npersonne autre que le client, le pr\u00eateur<br \/>\nde son choix et [la firme d\u2019\u00e9valuation]<br \/>\nde se fier \u00e0 cette \u00e9valuation sans<br \/>\nd\u2019abord en obtenir l\u2019autorisation \u00e9crite<br \/>\nde toutes les parties. [para 16]<\/p>\n<p>      La possession ou un exemplaire de<br \/>\nce rapport ne donnent aucunement<br \/>\nle droit de le publier. Tous les droits<br \/>\nd\u2019auteur sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019auteur et<br \/>\nsont r\u00e9put\u00e9s confidentiels par celui-ci.<br \/>\nLe rapport ne doit pas \u00eatre d\u00e9voil\u00e9, cit\u00e9<br \/>\nou r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9, en tout ou en partie, ou<br \/>\npubli\u00e9 d\u2019une quelconque fa\u00e7on sans le<br \/>\nconsentement \u00e9crit du client et de [la<br \/>\nfirme d\u2019\u00e9valuation]. [para 16]<\/p>\n<p>La GTHA n\u2019a pas tenu compte des<br \/>\nlimitations de responsabilit\u00e9 et des<br \/>\nmises en garde bien indiqu\u00e9es au<br \/>\nd\u00e9but du rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u2212 non<br \/>\nenfouies ou d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment dissimul\u00e9es<br \/>\ndans le corps du rapport. Le langage<br \/>\nemploy\u00e9 ne contient aucune ambigu\u00eft\u00e9<br \/>\npouvant causer de la confusion ou de<br \/>\nl\u2019incompr\u00e9hension. Aucune explication<br \/>\nsatisfaisante n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 fournie pour justifier<br \/>\nla foi du gouvernement dans un rapport<br \/>\nidentifiant clairement les utilisateurs<br \/>\npr\u00e9vus et l\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue. M\u00eame si<br \/>\nla GTHA avait \u00e9t\u00e9 un utilisateur pr\u00e9vu du<br \/>\nrapport, d\u2019autres aspects de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nauraient d\u00fb soulever des pr\u00e9occupations.<br \/>\nTel qu\u2019indiquait le v\u00e9rificateur provincial<br \/>\ndans son Rapport sp\u00e9cial en 2016 :<br \/>\n Une copie de l\u2019\u00e9valuation\u2026 [le 12 f\u00e9vrier <\/p>\n<p>2013] [pr\u00e9par\u00e9e pour le compte de<br \/>\nRoyalty Development Ltd. (pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\nAnthony Marquart)] pour la section<br \/>\nNO des parcelles Est [116,86 acres],<br \/>\nqui attribuait une valeur fonci\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019environ 129 000 $ l\u2019acre, \u2026employait<br \/>\nune m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation diff\u00e9rente<br \/>\n[analyse du flux de tr\u00e9sorerie pour<br \/>\nun d\u00e9veloppement subdivis\u00e9] de celle<br \/>\nque le GTH a demand\u00e9e [m\u00e9thode de<br \/>\ncomparaison directe] [pour ses propres<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations].<\/p>\n<p>      [L\u2019\u00e9valuation] a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 en<br \/>\nf\u00e9vrier 2013 pour un but autre que <\/p>\n<p>Le commissaire \u00e0 la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e<br \/>\nde la Saskatchewan a ordonn\u00e9 que tous les<br \/>\nexemplaires en possession du gouvernement<br \/>\nsoient d\u00e9truits ou retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 35Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>la vente du terrain. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 ce<br \/>\nbut diff\u00e9rent, l\u2019\u00e9valuation a utilis\u00e9<br \/>\nune autre m\u00e9thodologie d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\n[analyse du flux de tr\u00e9sorerie pour un<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement subdivis\u00e9] qui faisait<br \/>\nappel \u00e0 plusieurs hypoth\u00e8ses. Des<br \/>\nchangements \u00e0 l\u2019une ou l\u2019autre de ces<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses auraient un impact sur<br \/>\nl\u2019opinion de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur concernant la<br \/>\nvaleur fonci\u00e8re. De plus, l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nn\u2019a pas employ\u00e9 la m\u00e9thode de<br \/>\ncomparaison directe dans l\u2019analyse\u2026<br \/>\n[c\u2019est nous qui soulignons]<\/p>\n<p>      Consid\u00e9r\u00e9 seulement la section<br \/>\nNO [116,86 acres] des parcelles Est.<br \/>\nNous avons trouv\u00e9 cette diff\u00e9rence<br \/>\nimportante parce que l\u2019\u00e9valuation du<br \/>\nGTH en octobre 2013 [command\u00e9e<br \/>\nentre mai et ao\u00fbt 2013]\u2026 avait<br \/>\nattribu\u00e9 des valeurs fonci\u00e8res tr\u00e8s<br \/>\ndiff\u00e9rentes aux deux sections formant<br \/>\nles parcelles Est. [c\u2019est nous qui<br \/>\nsoulignons]<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019autre m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nterrains, la m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nde subdivision (MDS), est tr\u00e8s peu fiable<br \/>\net inappropri\u00e9e pour \u00e9valuer des terrains<br \/>\nvagues qui ne sont pas desservis, qui<br \/>\nne sont pas pr\u00eats \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s,<br \/>\npour lesquels il n\u2019y a pas de demande<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diate pour des utilisateurs finaux<br \/>\n(c.-\u00e0-d. pas de pr\u00e9ventes aux utilisateurs<br \/>\nfinaux de lots desservis ou d\u2019espaces<br \/>\nam\u00e9nag\u00e9s) et aucune facilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit<br \/>\nn\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue. La MDS requiert<br \/>\nbeaucoup d\u2019intrants, dont chacun doit<br \/>\n\u00eatre individuellement support\u00e9, et des<br \/>\nchangements \u00e0 tout intrant peuvent<br \/>\nentra\u00eener diff\u00e9rentes estimations de<br \/>\nvaleur fonci\u00e8re. La MDS peut \u00eatre un<br \/>\nmod\u00e8le d\u2019\u00e9valuation appropri\u00e9 pour<br \/>\ntester la faisabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, si les<br \/>\napprobations de d\u00e9veloppement peuvent<br \/>\n\u00eatre re\u00e7ues, l\u2019infrastructure install\u00e9e, la<br \/>\nfacilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit obtenue et les lots finis<br \/>\nabsorb\u00e9s (stade d\u2019absorption), tout cela<br \/>\ndans un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier raisonnable, disons,<br \/>\nde cinq ans. Quoi qu&rsquo;il  en soit, on emploie<br \/>\nrarement la MDS comme m\u00e9thode<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation autonome pour estimer la<br \/>\nvaleur marchande de terrains vagues.<\/p>\n<p>En outre, l\u2019\u00e9valuation vise seulement<br \/>\nla parcelle de 116,86 acres, qui, par<br \/>\ncomparaison, est d\u2019une plus grande<br \/>\nvaleur l\u2019acre que l\u2019autre parcelle  <\/p>\n<p>(87,40 acres), gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la proximit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes services.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que le gouvernement avait<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation autoris\u00e9e en main, il n\u2019a<br \/>\njamais fait de propositions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\net n\u2019a jamais retenu les services d\u2019un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur qualifi\u00e9 pour examiner<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le conseiller en<br \/>\nchef repr\u00e9sentant la GTHA a maintenu<br \/>\n\u00ab qu\u2019il consid\u00e9rait\u2026 [l\u2019] \u00e9valuation non<br \/>\npertinente aux n\u00e9gociations. [et] par<br \/>\ncons\u00e9quent, il a indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019il ne l\u2019avait<br \/>\npas formellement examin\u00e9e. \u00bb23 Cette<br \/>\nd\u00e9claration n\u2019est pas conforme aux<br \/>\nremarques apparaissant dans la d\u00e9cision<br \/>\ndu commissaire \u00e0 la protection de la vie<br \/>\npriv\u00e9e, le 30 septembre 2016, \u00e0 l\u2019effet<br \/>\nque \u00ab le GTH a reconnu qu\u2019une copie de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 utile, quoiqu\u2019elle<br \/>\nn\u2019\u00e9tait pas n\u00e9cessaire \u00bb, [et] \u00ab que<br \/>\ncette \u00e9valuation n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019une partie de<br \/>\nl\u2019information prise en consid\u00e9ration pour<br \/>\nune transaction fonci\u00e8re [116,86 acres]<br \/>\n\u2026 [et qu\u2019] ils ne se sont pas fi\u00e9s \u00e0 cette<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation de fa\u00e7on substantielle. \u00bb Une<br \/>\nnote de service, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e le 3 mars 2014<br \/>\npar la GTHA, divulgue les d\u00e9tails suivants<br \/>\nsur l\u2019achat de 204,26 acres et reconna\u00eet<br \/>\ns\u2019\u00eatre fi\u00e9e \u00e0 deux \u00e9valuations, dont celle<br \/>\nnon autoris\u00e9e :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 En tout, 204,26 acres (82,7 hectares)<br \/>\nseront assembl\u00e9s. On estime que le<br \/>\nMAI aura besoin d\u2019environ 80 acres<br \/>\npour la voie de contournement West<br \/>\nRegina Bypass.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le prix d\u2019achat dans l\u2019offre d\u2019achat<br \/>\nreposait sur deux \u00e9valuations et<br \/>\nsur une transaction fonci\u00e8re r\u00e9elle<br \/>\nconclue en f\u00e9vrier 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La premi\u00e8re \u00e9valuation a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\neffectu\u00e9e en octobre 2013,<br \/>\nemployant la m\u00e9thode de<br \/>\ncomparaison directe et donnant<br \/>\nune valeur marchande d\u2019environ<br \/>\n65 000 $ l\u2019acre pour la parcelle Nord<br \/>\n[116,86 acres] et 51 000 $ l\u2019acre pour<br \/>\nla parcelle Sud [87,40 acres]. Une<br \/>\nseconde \u00e9valuation a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en<br \/>\nf\u00e9vrier 2013, avec l\u2019analyse du flux de<br \/>\ntr\u00e9sorerie pour un d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nsubdivis\u00e9 donnant une valeur<br \/>\nmarchande d\u2019environ 129 556 $<br \/>\nl\u2019acre pour la parcelle Nord [116,86<br \/>\nacres]. Le prix d\u2019achat pour la<br \/>\ntransaction fonci\u00e8re de f\u00e9vrier 2013 <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9tait d\u2019environ 84 000 $ l\u2019acre.<br \/>\n\u2022 Selon l\u2019information ci-dessus, la <\/p>\n<p>GTHA a \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 envoyer<br \/>\nune offre d\u2019achat officielle le<br \/>\n23 d\u00e9cembre 2013. Le vendeur<br \/>\na accept\u00e9 l\u2019offre d\u2019achat le 24<br \/>\nd\u00e9cembre 2013, avec la date de<br \/>\ncl\u00f4ture du 3 mars 2014.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le prix de l\u2019offre accept\u00e9e \u00e9tait de<br \/>\n103 000 $ l\u2019acre (environ 254 410 $<br \/>\nl\u2019hectare), pour un co\u00fbt totalisant<br \/>\nenviron 21 millions $.<\/p>\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019\u00e9dition 2012 des<br \/>\nNUPPEC, une \u00e9valuation doit divulguer<br \/>\ntous les d\u00e9tails entourant les ventes<br \/>\nr\u00e9centes, les inscriptions (expir\u00e9es et<br \/>\ncourantes) et les conventions d\u2019achat et<br \/>\nde vente en instance relativement \u00e0 la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question :<br \/>\n 7.24 Convention de vente,  <\/p>\n<p>         d\u2019option et d\u2019inscription<br \/>\n Doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e et d\u00e9clar\u00e9e s\u2019il <\/p>\n<p>y a convention de vente, d\u2019option,<br \/>\nou de location, s\u2019il y a lieu, ou que<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sujette a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite<br \/>\ndans l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la date de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation, y compris toute convention<br \/>\nen suspens\/actuelle de vente, d\u2019achat<br \/>\nou de location, si ladite information est<br \/>\ndisponible \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuateur dans le cours<br \/>\nde ses activit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p> 7.25 Ventes ant\u00e9rieures<br \/>\n Les ventes ant\u00e9rieures du bien <\/p>\n<p>immobilier doivent \u00eatre analys\u00e9es et<br \/>\nincluses dans le rapport si elles se<br \/>\nsont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans les trois ann\u00e9es<br \/>\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la date de l\u2019\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\nsi l\u2019information est disponible \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur dans le cours normal de<br \/>\nson travail, \u00e0 la date de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Il n\u2019y a que deux possibilit\u00e9s quant \u00e0<br \/>\nces divulgations obligatoires dans les<br \/>\nNUPPEC. Soit que le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ndu 12 f\u00e9vrier 2013 n\u2019inclut pas les<br \/>\ndivulgations, ce qui signifie que le rapport<br \/>\nn\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux<br \/>\nNUPPEC, soit que les divulgations sont<br \/>\nincluses dans le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation et<br \/>\nelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9es tant par la GTHA<br \/>\nque par le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie.<br \/>\nDans les deux cas, l\u2019information de cette<br \/>\nnature sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est critique quant<br \/>\n\u00e0 son influence sur la valeur marchande<br \/>\nde la parcelle de 116,86 acres.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 36 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie qui<br \/>\na envoy\u00e9 par courriel un exemplaire de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation non autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 la GTHA, le<br \/>\n20 d\u00e9cembre 2013, alors que le message<br \/>\ndu courriel n\u2019explique pas quand et<br \/>\ncomment l\u2019\u00e9valuation est entr\u00e9e en sa<br \/>\npossession. Cependant, un courriel<br \/>\ncirculant le 11 novembre 2013 au sein du<br \/>\nminist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie24 avait en pi\u00e8ce<br \/>\njointe le rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation du 12 f\u00e9vrier<br \/>\n2013 et exprimait des pr\u00e9occupations sur<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9valuation, mais que cette<br \/>\nderni\u00e8re, qui visait seulement la parcelle<br \/>\nde 116,86 acres, pourrait \u00ab \u00e9tablir le bien-<br \/>\nfond\u00e9 \u00bb de payer plus que n\u00e9cessaire pour<br \/>\nle terrain.<\/p>\n<p>La raison pour laquelle le<br \/>\ngouvernement a ignor\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9valuation du<br \/>\n23 octobre 2013 faite pour le compte du<br \/>\nMAI, qui estimait la valeur des 204 acres<br \/>\n\u00e0 30 000 $ l\u2019acre (87,40 acres) et 35 000 $<br \/>\nl\u2019acre (116,86 acres), n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nexpliqu\u00e9e ad\u00e9quatement. Cette \u00e9valuation<br \/>\ndu 23 octobre 2013 divulgue enti\u00e8rement<br \/>\nl\u2019historique des ventes de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en<br \/>\nquestion et l\u2019analyse requise, tel<br \/>\nque prescrit par les articles 7.24 et<br \/>\n7.25 des NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuation command\u00e9e par la GTHA,<br \/>\nen vigueur le 26 septembre 2013,25 \u00e9tait<br \/>\nplus r\u00e9cente que le rapport non autoris\u00e9<br \/>\n(26 f\u00e9vrier 2013) qu\u2019elle avait en main.<br \/>\nCette \u00e9valuation de 28 pages (excluant<br \/>\nles annexes), reposant sur la m\u00e9thode de<br \/>\ncomparaison directe, donne des valeurs<br \/>\nde 65 000 $ l\u2019acre (116,87 acres) et<br \/>\n51 000 $ l\u2019acre (87,41 acres).26<\/p>\n<p>Concernant l\u2019historique des ventes des<br \/>\ndeux biens immobiliers, tel que prescrit<br \/>\npar les articles 7.24 et 7.25 des NUPPEC,<br \/>\nle rapport d\u00e9clare :<br \/>\n Les dossiers publics montrent que la <\/p>\n<p>propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question [116,87 acres]<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e le 26 f\u00e9vrier 2013, au<br \/>\nprix de 9 818 588 $ [84 020 $ l\u2019acre],<br \/>\nde 139 Land Corporation \u00e0 101225232<br \/>\nSaskatchewan Ltd.,27 cette vente<br \/>\nayant \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e comme Index #2. <\/p>\n<p>Le 21 mars 2012, un int\u00e9r\u00eat divers a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 inscrit sur le titre par 139 Land<br \/>\nCorporation, d\u00e9clarant un int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\ncomme acheteur dans une offre<br \/>\nd\u2019achat accept\u00e9e de 55 000 $ l\u2019acre,<br \/>\nconfirm\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019acheteur.<br \/>\nLa documentation \u00e9crite n\u2019a pas<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 fournie. \u00c0 notre connaissance,<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question n\u2019est pas<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentement inscrite pour la vente<br \/>\net nous ne savons pas non plus s\u2019il y a<br \/>\ndes conventions de vente ou des offres<br \/>\nd\u2019achat pour la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question.<br \/>\nToutefois, on nous dit que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nen question appartient actuellement \u00e0<br \/>\nune soci\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re active dans la<br \/>\nr\u00e9gion. [emphase ajout\u00e9e]<\/p>\n<p>      Les dossiers publics montrent<br \/>\nque la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question<br \/>\n[87,41 acres] a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e<br \/>\nle 26 f\u00e9vrier 2013, au prix de<br \/>\n6 264 954 $ [71 673 $ l\u2019acre], de<br \/>\n139 Land Corporation \u00e0 101225232<br \/>\nSaskatchewan Ltd., cette vente<br \/>\nayant \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e comme Index #3.<br \/>\nLe 21 mars 2012, un int\u00e9r\u00eat divers a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 inscrit sur le titre par 139 Land<br \/>\nCorporation, d\u00e9clarant un int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\ncomme acheteur dans une offre<br \/>\nd\u2019achat accept\u00e9e de 45 000 $ l\u2019acre,<br \/>\nconfirm\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019acheteur.<br \/>\nLa documentation \u00e9crite n\u2019a pas<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 fournie. Le 13 septembre 2011,<br \/>\nun transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 a eu lieu<br \/>\nentre personnes ayant un lien de<br \/>\nd\u00e9pendance. \u00c0 notre connaissance,<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question n\u2019est pas<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentement inscrite pour la vente<br \/>\net nous ne savons pas non plus s\u2019il y a<br \/>\ndes conventions de vente ou des offres<br \/>\nd\u2019achat pour la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question.<br \/>\nToutefois, on nous dit que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nen question appartient actuellement \u00e0<br \/>\nune soci\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re active dans la<br \/>\nr\u00e9gion. [emphase ajout\u00e9e]<\/p>\n<p>Quelles que soient les raisons de la<br \/>\nGTHA d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir 204 acres au prix<br \/>\nexag\u00e9r\u00e9ment gonfl\u00e9 et non justifi\u00e9 de <\/p>\n<p>103 000 $ l\u2019acre, il est manifeste que<br \/>\nla GTHA :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 N\u2019appliquait pas de strat\u00e9gies en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation pour supporter<br \/>\nl\u2019acquisition potentielle de terrains<br \/>\net ne poss\u00e9dait aucune expertise<br \/>\ninterne dans le domaine;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 N\u2019a pas agi de mani\u00e8re prudente au<br \/>\nnom des payeurs de taxes, qui ont en<br \/>\nbout de ligne perdu des millions de<br \/>\ndollars; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A min\u00e9 l\u2019intention du MAI d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir<br \/>\ndes terrains pour construire<br \/>\nl\u2019autoroute, un minist\u00e8re ayant<br \/>\nle pouvoir statutaire d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir<br \/>\ndes terrains aux prix du march\u00e9,<br \/>\nconform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019Expropriation<br \/>\nProcedure Act.<\/p>\n<p>Une agence gouvernementale qui n\u2019a pas<br \/>\nl\u2019expertise requise pour examiner un<br \/>\nrapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation, qu\u2019il soit command\u00e9<br \/>\ndirectement ou re\u00e7u indirectement par<br \/>\nl\u2019entremise d\u2019un tiers, devrait faire appel<br \/>\n\u00e0 un \u00e9valuateur-examinateur comp\u00e9tent.<br \/>\nLe rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019un tiers ne<br \/>\ndevrait jamais \u00eatre accept\u00e9 ou utilis\u00e9,<br \/>\n\u00e0 moins que l\u2019agence gouvernementale<br \/>\nne soit express\u00e9ment identifi\u00e9e comme<br \/>\nutilisateur pr\u00e9vu, que l\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue<br \/>\nne soit conforme aux objectifs de l\u2019agence<br \/>\net que la divulgation publique ne soit<br \/>\npermise. En cas de pertes financi\u00e8res<br \/>\nsubies suite \u00e0 la foi dans un rapport<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation en tant qu\u2019utilisateur<br \/>\nnon pr\u00e9vu, il est improbable qu\u2019une<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamation pour cause de n\u00e9gligence<br \/>\ncontre l\u2019\u00e9valuateur ait gain de cause. <\/p>\n<p>REMARQUE : Pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0<br \/>\nune version compl\u00e8te de cet<br \/>\narticle, incluant les notes en bas<br \/>\nde page\/notes en fin de texte<br \/>\nqui sont r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9es, visitez la<br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que en ligne de l\u2019ICE, \u00e0<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019\u00e9dition 2012 des NUPPEC, une \u00e9valuation doit divulguer<br \/>\ntous les d\u00e9tails entourant les ventes r\u00e9centes, les inscriptions (expir\u00e9es et<br \/>\ncourantes) et les conventions d\u2019achat et de vente en instance relativement<br \/>\n\u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 37Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>The concept of \u2018competency\u2019 is becoming commonplace across numerous industries and professions. Viewed on<br \/>\na spectrum, a greater (or lesser) level<br \/>\nof competence results in higher (or<br \/>\nlower) quality of outcomes and results.<br \/>\nCompetency results from the combination<br \/>\nof three specific elements: knowledge,<br \/>\nskills and experience.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the example of becoming<br \/>\na fully competent chef: one must<br \/>\nunderstand the steps and processes<br \/>\nassociated with crafting a meal<br \/>\n(knowledge), be able to combine<br \/>\ningredients and complete the tasks<br \/>\nrequired (skills), and have already<br \/>\nprepared several meals in the past<br \/>\n(experience). It would be anticipated that,<br \/>\nover time, a novice (less competent) chef<br \/>\ncould acquire the knowledge, skills and<br \/>\nexperience to become an expert (more<br \/>\ncompetent) chef. <\/p>\n<p>In a similar manner, the level of<br \/>\ncompetence of an appraiser denotes<br \/>\nthe type of work in which he or she can<br \/>\nengage and requires understanding the<br \/>\nlimits and constraints associated with his<br \/>\nor her scope of practice. Toward providing<br \/>\na clear demarcation of competence<br \/>\nwithin the Canadian appraisal industry,<br \/>\nthe Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) <\/p>\n<p>BY KIM MABER, B.COMM, AACI, P. APP<\/p>\n<p>Chair, Investigating Sub-Committee<\/p>\n<p>Competency<br \/>\nand the appraiser<\/p>\n<p>has identified required levels of (and<br \/>\nlimits to) competence through the CRA<br \/>\nand AACI designations, including the<br \/>\noption for AACI-designated appraisers<br \/>\n(AACIs) to review and co-sign appraisal<br \/>\nreports on behalf of CRA-designated<br \/>\nappraisers (CRAs) for more complicated<br \/>\nassignments beyond the CRA scope of<br \/>\npractice. Historically, failing to fully<br \/>\nappreciate one\u2019s own level of competence<br \/>\n(and associated limits and constraints on<br \/>\nscope of practice) has landed both CRAs<br \/>\nand AACIs in trouble with professional<br \/>\npractice complaints.<\/p>\n<p>Under the Canadian Uniform<br \/>\nStandards of Professional Appraisal<br \/>\nPractice (CUSPAP) 2018, competence is<br \/>\ndefined as \u201chaving sufficient knowledge,<br \/>\nskill and experience required to perform<br \/>\na specific assignment.\u201d While most<br \/>\nappraisers are adept at assessing their<br \/>\ncompetence in a general sense, difficulty<br \/>\narises when appraisers undertake<br \/>\nassignments where they believe they have<br \/>\nsufficient competence, but actually do not.<br \/>\nThis could also extend to not partnering<br \/>\nwith a more competent appraiser and\/<br \/>\nor engaging in an assignment beyond the<br \/>\nscope of the CRA or AACI designation.<br \/>\nThe following are examples of actual<br \/>\ncases that have been reviewed by the AIC<br \/>\nInvestigating Sub-committee.<\/p>\n<p>One example of a common error<br \/>\nthat results in a professional practice<br \/>\ncomplaint is when a CRA takes on<br \/>\nappraising a residential property located<br \/>\non a parcel of land that is zoned for a<br \/>\ncommercial, institutional, or industrial<br \/>\nuse. A CRA may be able to appraise the<br \/>\nproperty where the zoning permits only<br \/>\na residential use. If the zoning permits<br \/>\nonly a residential use as an ancillary use<br \/>\nto a commercial use, then the highest<br \/>\nand best use as a residence becomes<br \/>\nquestionable. Furthermore, if the<br \/>\nresidence is in an area of transition, with<br \/>\nsurrounding uses being commercial in<br \/>\nnature, the question of highest and best<br \/>\nuse must also be further examined. Is<br \/>\nthe land \u2018as vacant\u2019 as a commercial use<br \/>\nmore valuable than the improved property<br \/>\nwith the house? <\/p>\n<p>Related examples include a<br \/>\ncommercially zoned property with a<br \/>\nsingle-family dwelling and a commercial<br \/>\ngarage, or a property with main floor<br \/>\ncommercial use and second floor<br \/>\nresidence. From a zoning perspective,<br \/>\nthe residence is a secondary use, with<br \/>\nthe commercial use being primary.<br \/>\nAs such, an assumption cannot be<br \/>\nmade to appraise the property with<br \/>\na residential highest and best use. In<br \/>\nnon-urban settings, a farm property with <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 38 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>a residential home on-site requires<br \/>\ndetermining if the residence is a primary<br \/>\nor auxiliary use. Likewise, when valuing<br \/>\nan income-producing property that<br \/>\npresents large family dwelling, such as<br \/>\na care home, purpose-built daycare, or<br \/>\nbed and breakfast home, the highest<br \/>\nand best use of this type of property<br \/>\ncannot be assumed to be a single-<br \/>\nfamily dwelling. These are all additional<br \/>\nexamples where a CRA is expected to<br \/>\nhave an AACI review and co-sign his or<br \/>\nher appraisal report. <\/p>\n<p>It is also common for lenders to place<br \/>\npressure on CRAs (rather than AACIs)<br \/>\nto complete a residential appraisal of<br \/>\ncomplicated properties to reduce their<br \/>\ncosts and provide quicker turnaround.<br \/>\nThe lender will often request that a<br \/>\nCRA include a hypothetical condition<br \/>\nand extraordinary assumption that the<br \/>\nresidential use is permitted. In this<br \/>\ninstance, a key consideration is whether<br \/>\nor not this assumption is actually<br \/>\npossible or probable; if not, it cannot<br \/>\nrepresent the actual highest and best<br \/>\nuse. As a result, it is important that<br \/>\nan appraiser thoroughly checks the<br \/>\nzoning of a property, understands the<br \/>\nallowable use(s) and characteristics of<br \/>\nthe neighborhood, and establishes a<br \/>\nreliable and probable highest and best<br \/>\nuse of the property at the time of the<br \/>\nassignment. By understanding these<br \/>\nfactors, appraisers can assess if they are<br \/>\nsufficiently competent to complete the<br \/>\nassignments or if the reports need to be<br \/>\nreviewed and co-signed by an AACI.  <\/p>\n<p>Another type of complicated<br \/>\nassignment are four-plex buildings and<br \/>\ncondominiums. When there are multiple<br \/>\nfour-plex buildings associated with a<br \/>\nsingle property, a CRA may be able to<br \/>\nappraise a single four-plex building<br \/>\nbased on the extraordinary assumption<br \/>\n(hypothetical condition) that it had been<br \/>\nsubdivided from the larger parcel at the<br \/>\neffective date, but should be very clear<br \/>\nthat the final hypothetical current market<br \/>\nvalue estimate for the single four-plex <\/p>\n<p>should not be multiplied by the number<br \/>\nof buildings on the property to arrive at<br \/>\na value estimate for the whole project.<br \/>\nSimilarly, it is inappropriate to appraise<br \/>\na single unit in a condominium and imply<br \/>\nthat value can be multiplied by the total<br \/>\nnumber of units to arrive at a total value<br \/>\nestimate for the entire condominium.<\/p>\n<p>Zoning considerations are also a<br \/>\ncomplicated component. For example,<br \/>\na CRA may be asked to appraise a<br \/>\nvacant, residentially-zoned (single-<br \/>\nfamily dwelling) site on the corner of<br \/>\ntwo major thoroughfares. Given the size<br \/>\nof this parcel and the prominent corner<br \/>\nlocation, it is important to carefully<br \/>\nconsider the highest and best use<br \/>\nof the site, which may instead be for<br \/>\ndevelopment with a small apartment<br \/>\nproject, several homes, a small<br \/>\ncommercial development or a mixed-use<br \/>\nbuilding. If the most likely purchaser of<br \/>\nthe property might apply for re-zoning to<br \/>\npermit a use other than a single-family<br \/>\ndwelling, review and co-signing by an<br \/>\nAACI may be required.<\/p>\n<p>While these examples apply to CRAs,<br \/>\nthere are also complicated assignments<br \/>\nthat may be beyond the competence of<br \/>\nan AACI and suggest partnering with a<br \/>\nmore senior (more competent) AACI. One<br \/>\nexample is where an AACI was asked<br \/>\nto appraise an industrial distribution<br \/>\nproperty, which had been improved with<br \/>\na distribution building on a large parcel <\/p>\n<p>of land. The AACI determined there was<br \/>\nexcess land and made an assumption<br \/>\nthat subdividing the excess land from<br \/>\nthe parcel was the highest and best use.<br \/>\nThe AACI did not investigate whether<br \/>\nor not the property could legally be<br \/>\nsubdivided and how that would affect<br \/>\nthe existing property once the land was<br \/>\nsubdivided. After the subdivision, there<br \/>\nwas no room to allow for a tractor-<br \/>\ntrailer to manoeuver on the site. As<br \/>\nwell, the AACI did not add in the costs<br \/>\nof development levies associated with<br \/>\nthe subdivision. As such, the AACI did<br \/>\nnot possess the necessary competence<br \/>\nto complete this assignment given that<br \/>\nthe costs associated with subdividing<br \/>\nthe site were not addressed and the<br \/>\nrequirements for highest and best use<br \/>\nonce the excess land was subdivided<br \/>\nwere not fully understood. <\/p>\n<p>In these examples, the highest<br \/>\nand best use is the primary factor<br \/>\nin determining value, regardless of<br \/>\nthe client\u2019s direction, intention or<br \/>\notherwise. When presented with a<br \/>\ncomplicated assignment, the appraiser<br \/>\n(CRA or AACI) may want to decline the<br \/>\nassignment or have a more competent<br \/>\nAACI review and co-sign the report. Like<br \/>\ncrafting a delicious pizza, competence<br \/>\ncomes over time with increased levels<br \/>\nof knowledge, skill and experience,<br \/>\nlearning from and in partnership with<br \/>\nthose who are more competent. <\/p>\n<p>Call us to<br \/>\nlearn why hundreds<br \/>\nof appraisers from <\/p>\n<p>across Canada have<br \/>\njoined our network.<\/p>\n<p>valueconnect.ca<br \/>\ntoll free 844-383-2473<br \/>\nKaren Ball ext. 4254<br \/>\nkaren@valueconnect.ca<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 39Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/valueconnect.ca<br \/>\nmailto:karen@valueconnect.ca<\/p>\n<p>PAR KIM MABER, B.COMM, AACI, P.APP<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9sidente du sous-comit\u00e9 d\u2019enqu\u00eate<\/p>\n<p>La comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\net l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>La notion de \u2039 comp\u00e9tence \u203a prend de plus en plus d\u2019importance dans plusieurs industries et professions.<br \/>\nVu \u00e0 travers un prisme, un niveau de<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence plus (ou moins) \u00e9lev\u00e9<br \/>\ncorrespond \u00e0 des rendements et des<br \/>\nr\u00e9sultats de meilleure (ou moins<br \/>\nbonne) qualit\u00e9. La comp\u00e9tence d\u00e9coule<br \/>\nd\u2019une combinaison de trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cifiques : connaissances; habilet\u00e9s;<br \/>\net exp\u00e9riences.<\/p>\n<p>Voyons l\u2019exemple d\u2019un individu qui<br \/>\ndevient un chef cuisinier parfaitement<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tent. Il doit comprendre les<br \/>\n\u00e9tapes et les processus associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la<br \/>\npr\u00e9paration d\u2019un repas (connaissances),<br \/>\n\u00eatre capable de combiner les<br \/>\ningr\u00e9dients et terminer les t\u00e2ches<br \/>\nrequises (habilet\u00e9s) et avoir d\u00e9j\u00e0<br \/>\nconfectionn\u00e9 plusieurs repas dans le<br \/>\npass\u00e9 (exp\u00e9riences). On s\u2019attendrait \u00e0<br \/>\nce qu\u2019au fil du temps, un chef novice<br \/>\n(moins comp\u00e9tent) puisse acqu\u00e9rir les<br \/>\nconnaissances, habilet\u00e9s et exp\u00e9riences<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaires pour devenir un chef expert<br \/>\n(plus comp\u00e9tent).<\/p>\n<p>Dans le m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, le<br \/>\nniveau de comp\u00e9tence d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nd\u00e9note le type de travail qu\u2019il peut<br \/>\naccomplir et requiert qu\u2019il comprenne<br \/>\nles limites et contraintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la <\/p>\n<p>port\u00e9e de sa pratique. Pour fournir une<br \/>\nclaire d\u00e9marcation de la comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\nau sein de l\u2019industrie canadienne de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation, l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs (ICE) a identifi\u00e9 les niveaux<br \/>\nrequis (et les limites) de la comp\u00e9tence,<br \/>\n\u00e0 travers les d\u00e9signations CRA et AACI,<br \/>\nincluant l\u2019option pour les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nd\u00e9sign\u00e9s AACI d\u2019examiner et de cosigner<br \/>\ndes rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation au nom des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs d\u00e9sign\u00e9s CRA pour les<br \/>\ncontrats de service plus complexes<br \/>\nd\u00e9passant la port\u00e9e de la pratique d\u2019un<br \/>\nCRA. Traditionnellement, l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nbien comprendre leur propre niveau de<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence (et les limites et contraintes<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9es \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de leur pratique) a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 source d\u2019ennuis pour les CRA et les<br \/>\nAACI qui ont fait l\u2019objet de plaintes de<br \/>\npratique professionnelle.<\/p>\n<p>Les Normes uniformes de pratique<br \/>\nprofessionnelle en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nau Canada (NUPPEC) 2018 d\u00e9finissent<br \/>\nainsi la comp\u00e9tence : \u00ab Connaissances,<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9s et exp\u00e9riences requises ou<br \/>\nsuffisantes pour r\u00e9aliser un contrat<br \/>\nde service pr\u00e9cis \u00bb. La plupart des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs estiment volontiers leur<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence, dans le sens g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du<br \/>\nterme, mais les difficult\u00e9s surviennent<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019ils entreprennent des contrats<br \/>\nde service pour lesquels ils se croient <\/p>\n<p>comp\u00e9tents, alors qu\u2019ils ne le sont<br \/>\npas. On pourrait ajouter le fait de ne<br \/>\npas rechercher de partenariat avec un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur plus comp\u00e9tent et\/ou de<br \/>\ns\u2019engager dans un contrat de service<br \/>\nd\u00e9passant la port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9signation<br \/>\nCRA ou AACI. Les lignes suivantes sont<br \/>\ndes exemples de cas r\u00e9els qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nexamin\u00e9s par le sous-comit\u00e9 d\u2019enqu\u00eate<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Un exemple d\u2019erreur courante<br \/>\nqui entra\u00eene une plainte de pratique<br \/>\nprofessionnelle est lorsqu\u2019un CRA<br \/>\nentreprend d\u2019\u00e9valuer une propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentielle situ\u00e9e sur une parcelle de<br \/>\nterrain zon\u00e9e pour usage commercial,<br \/>\ninstitutionnel ou industriel. Un CRA peut<br \/>\n\u00e9valuer la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 le zonage permet<br \/>\nseulement une utilisation r\u00e9sidentielle.<br \/>\nSi le zonage permet seulement une<br \/>\nutilisation r\u00e9sidentielle comme<br \/>\nutilisation auxiliaire \u00e0 une utilisation<br \/>\ncommerciale, alors l\u2019utilisation optimale<br \/>\ncomme r\u00e9sidence devient douteuse. De<br \/>\nsurcro\u00eet, si la r\u00e9sidence se trouve dans<br \/>\nune zone de transition et est entour\u00e9e<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisations de nature commerciale, il<br \/>\nfaut examiner de plus pr\u00e8s l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale. Le terrain \u2039 vacant \u203a a-t-il<br \/>\nune utilisation commerciale d\u2019une plus<br \/>\ngrande valeur que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e<br \/>\navec la maison ?<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 40 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PARLONS DE LA PRATIQUE PROFESSIONNELLE<\/p>\n<p>Des exemples pertinents<br \/>\ncomprennent une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 zon\u00e9e<br \/>\ncommerciale avec une maison<br \/>\nunifamiliale et un garage commercial,<br \/>\nou un bien immobilier dont le rez-de-<br \/>\nchauss\u00e9e est d\u2019utilisation commerciale<br \/>\net l\u2019\u00e9tage est une r\u00e9sidence. Du point<br \/>\nde vue du zonage, la r\u00e9sidence est une<br \/>\nutilisation secondaire, alors que la<br \/>\nprincipale utilisation est commerciale.<br \/>\n\u00c0 ce titre, on ne peut faire d\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\npour \u00e9valuer la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 avec une<br \/>\nutilisation optimale r\u00e9sidentielle.<br \/>\nEn dehors des zones urbaines, une<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 agricole o\u00f9 se trouve une<br \/>\nhabitation r\u00e9sidentielle n\u00e9cessite de<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer si la r\u00e9sidence est une<br \/>\nutilisation principale ou auxiliaire. De<br \/>\nla m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, quand on \u00e9value une<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 revenus o\u00f9 se trouve une<br \/>\ngrande maison familiale, comme une<br \/>\nmaison de sant\u00e9, une garderie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e<br \/>\nou un \u00e9tablissement de chambres<br \/>\nd\u2019h\u00f4tes, on ne peut pr\u00e9sumer que<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation optimale de ce type de bien<br \/>\nimmobilier est une maison unifamiliale.<br \/>\nCe sont tous l\u00e0 d\u2019autres exemples o\u00f9<br \/>\nun CRA devrait demander l\u2019aide d\u2019un<br \/>\nAACI pour examiner et cosigner son<br \/>\nrapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Il est \u00e9galement courant pour les<br \/>\npr\u00eateurs d\u2019exercer de la pression sur<br \/>\nles CRA (plut\u00f4t que sur les AACI) pour<br \/>\neffectuer l\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9sidentielle de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s complexes afin de r\u00e9duire<br \/>\nleurs co\u00fbts et d\u2019obtenir un d\u00e9lai<br \/>\nd\u2019ex\u00e9cution plus court. Le pr\u00eateur<br \/>\ndemandera souvent \u00e0 un CRA d\u2019inclure<br \/>\nune condition hypoth\u00e9tique et une<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire \u00e0 l\u2019effet que<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation r\u00e9sidentielle est permise.<br \/>\nDans ce cas, une consid\u00e9ration cl\u00e9 est<br \/>\nde savoir si oui ou non cette hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nest en fait possible ou probable; sinon,<br \/>\nelle ne peut pas repr\u00e9senter l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale r\u00e9elle. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est<br \/>\nimportant pour l\u2019\u00e9valuateur de bien<br \/>\nv\u00e9rifier le zonage d\u2019un bien immobilier,<br \/>\nde comprendre l\u2019(les) utilisation(s)<br \/>\nacceptable(s) et les caract\u00e9ristiques <\/p>\n<p>du voisinage et d\u2019\u00e9tablir une utilisation<br \/>\noptimale fiable et probable du bien<br \/>\n\u00e0 la date du contrat de service.<br \/>\nEn comprenant ces facteurs, les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs peuvent estimer s\u2019ils sont<br \/>\nassez comp\u00e9tents pour r\u00e9aliser les<br \/>\ncontrats de service ou si leurs rapports<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation doivent \u00eatre examin\u00e9s et<br \/>\ncosign\u00e9s par un AACI.<\/p>\n<p>Un autre type de contrat de service<br \/>\ncomplexe concerne les quadruplex et<br \/>\nles condominiums. Quand de multiples<br \/>\nquadruplex sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 une<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 unique, un CRA peut \u00eatre<br \/>\ncapable d\u2019\u00e9valuer un quadruplex sous<br \/>\nl\u2019hypoth\u00e8se extraordinaire (condition<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9tique) qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 subdivis\u00e9<br \/>\nde la plus grande parcelle \u00e0 la date<br \/>\nr\u00e9elle, mais il devrait \u00eatre tr\u00e8s clair que<br \/>\nl\u2019estimation de la valeur marchande<br \/>\ncourante hypoth\u00e9tique finale du<br \/>\nquadruplex \u00e9valu\u00e9 ne devrait pas \u00eatre<br \/>\nmultipli\u00e9e par le nombre de b\u00e2timents<br \/>\nsur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour arriver \u00e0 une<br \/>\nestimation de la valeur du projet entier.<br \/>\nDans le m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, il est<br \/>\ninappropri\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer une seule unit\u00e9<br \/>\ncondominiale et de supposer qu\u2019on peut<br \/>\nmultiplier sa valeur par le nombre total<br \/>\nd\u2019unit\u00e9s pour arriver \u00e0 une estimation de<br \/>\nla valeur totale du condominium.<\/p>\n<p>Les consid\u00e9rations de zonage sont<br \/>\naussi une composante complexe.<br \/>\nPar exemple, on peut demander \u00e0 un<br \/>\nCRA d\u2019\u00e9valuer un site vacant zon\u00e9<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentiel (maison unifamiliale),<br \/>\nsitu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019intersection de deux voies<br \/>\nde communication majeures. \u00c9tant<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 la taille de cette parcelle<br \/>\net l\u2019emplacement \u00e9minent de<br \/>\nl\u2019intersection, il est important de bien<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9rer l\u2019utilisation optimale du<br \/>\nsite, qui peut \u00eatre plut\u00f4t destin\u00e9 au<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement avec un petit projet<br \/>\nd\u2019appartements, plusieurs maisons, un<br \/>\npetit d\u00e9veloppement commercial ou un<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent \u00e0 usage mixte. Si l\u2019acheteur le<br \/>\nplus probable de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 faisait une<br \/>\ndemande de rezonage pour permettre<br \/>\nune utilisation autre qu\u2019une maison <\/p>\n<p>unifamiliale, l\u2019examen et la cosignature<br \/>\nd\u2019un AACI pourraient \u00eatre requis.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que ces exemples s\u2019appliquent<br \/>\naux CRA, il y a \u00e9galement des contrats<br \/>\nde service complexes qui peuvent<br \/>\nd\u00e9passer la comp\u00e9tence d\u2019un AACI et<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessiter qu\u2019ils trouvent un partenaire<br \/>\nplus chevronn\u00e9 (plus comp\u00e9tent) qu\u2019un<br \/>\nAACI. Prenons le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019on a demand\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 un AACI d\u2019\u00e9valuer une propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nde distribution industrielle, qui avait<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e avec un b\u00e2timent de<br \/>\ndistribution sur une vaste parcelle<br \/>\nde terrain. L\u2019AACI a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 qu\u2019il<br \/>\ny avait un exc\u00e9dent de terrain et fait<br \/>\nl\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que la subdivision de la<br \/>\nparcelle \u00e9tait l\u2019utilisation optimale.<br \/>\nL\u2019AACI n\u2019a pas investigu\u00e9 pour savoir<br \/>\nsi la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pourrait \u00eatre subdivis\u00e9e<br \/>\nl\u00e9galement et comment cela affecterait<br \/>\nle bien immobilier existant une fois<br \/>\nla parcelle subdivis\u00e9e. Apr\u00e8s la<br \/>\nsubdivision, il n\u2019y avait pas assez<br \/>\nd\u2019espace pour permettre \u00e0 un camion<br \/>\ngros porteur de man\u0153uvrer sur le<br \/>\nsite. Et l\u2019AACI n\u2019a pas inclus le co\u00fbt<br \/>\ndes pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 la subdivision. \u00c0 ce titre,<br \/>\nl\u2019AACI n\u2019avait pas la comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire pour effectuer ce contrat<br \/>\nde service, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas<br \/>\npr\u00e9vu les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la subdivision<br \/>\ndu site et mal compris les exigences<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation optimale une fois l\u2019exc\u00e8s<br \/>\nde terrain subdivis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ces exemples, l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale est le principal facteur pour<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer la valeur, peu importe les<br \/>\ninstructions, l\u2019intention, etc., du client.<br \/>\nQuand on lui offre un contrat de service<br \/>\ncomplexe, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur (CRA ou AACI)<br \/>\npeut d\u00e9cider de le refuser ou demander<br \/>\n\u00e0 un AACI plus comp\u00e9tent d\u2019examiner<br \/>\net de cosigner le rapport. Tout comme<br \/>\nla pr\u00e9paration d\u2019une d\u00e9licieuse pizza, la<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence vient au fil du temps, avec<br \/>\ndes niveaux accrus de connaissances,<br \/>\nd\u2019habilet\u00e9s et d\u2019exp\u00e9riences, \u00e0 travers<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage et le partenariat avec<br \/>\ndes personnes plus comp\u00e9tentes. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 41Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>MARKETING &#038; COMMUNICATIONS<\/p>\n<p>Looking back on 2018, we see that our ongoing external<br \/>\nmarketing and communications efforts continue to<br \/>\nyield positive results. The overarching messages of all<br \/>\ncampaigns are: 1) what appraisers do, 2) the role that<br \/>\nappraisers play in the economy, and 3) that AIC-designated<br \/>\nappraisers are the professionals of choice for valuation<br \/>\nexpertise. New for 2019 will be a 100% digital advertising<br \/>\nstrategy, as we have seen the cost\/benefit of print<br \/>\nadvertising continually diminish over time. If you do not<br \/>\nalready do so, please follow us on Twitter @AIC_Canada,<br \/>\nLinkedIn, and FaceBook@appraisalinstitute.Canada.<\/p>\n<p>En jetant un regard sur 2018, nous constatons que nos efforts<br \/>\nsoutenus en marketing et en communications externes continuent de<br \/>\ndonner des r\u00e9sultats positifs. Les messages dominants de toutes les<br \/>\ncampagnes sont : 1) ce que font les \u00e9valuateurs, 2) le r\u00f4le que jouent<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie et 3) que les \u00e9valuateurs d\u00e9sign\u00e9s<br \/>\npar ICE sont les professionnels de choix en mati\u00e8re d\u2019expertise<br \/>\nen \u00e9valuation. La nouveaut\u00e9 pour 2019 sera une strat\u00e9gie 100 %<br \/>\nnum\u00e9rique, car nous avons vu les avantages par rapport aux co\u00fbts<br \/>\nde la publicit\u00e9 imprim\u00e9e diminuer continuellement avec le temps.<br \/>\nSi ce n\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait, veuillez nous suivre sur Twitter @AIC_Canada,<br \/>\nLinkedIn, et FaceBook@appraisalinstitute.Canada<\/p>\n<p>AIC by the numbers \/ l&rsquo;ICE en chiffres<\/p>\n<p>Total media impressions:<\/p>\n<p>Total des impressions m\u00e9diatiques : <\/p>\n<p>22,690,000 <\/p>\n<p>New users to the website:  <\/p>\n<p>Nouveaux utilisateurs du site web :  <\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>306,000<br \/>\nY\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+33%<\/p>\n<p>Twitter impressions:  <\/p>\n<p>Impressions sur Twitter :<\/p>\n<p>Twitter followers:  <\/p>\n<p>Twitter partisans :<\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>190,000<br \/>\n2018<\/p>\n<p>2,443<\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+470%<\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+6%<br \/>\nTwitter engagements: \/ engagements sur Twitter :<\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>1,050<br \/>\nY\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+33%<\/p>\n<p>Website sessions: <\/p>\n<p>Sessions sur le site web :<\/p>\n<p>Website pageviews:   <\/p>\n<p>Pages du site web visionn\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>440,000<br \/>\n2018<\/p>\n<p>1,700,000<\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+2.5%<\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+6%<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 42 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Visits to &lsquo;Find An Appraiser&rsquo;:  <\/p>\n<p>Consultations de Trouver un \u00e9valuateur : <\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>194,000 <\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+42%<\/p>\n<p>LinkedIn followers:  <\/p>\n<p>Partisans sur LinkedIn : <\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<p>1,683 <\/p>\n<p>Y\/Y Change<\/p>\n<p>Fluctuation A\/A<\/p>\n<p>+21%<\/p>\n<p>mailto:FaceBook@appraisalinstitute.Canada<br \/>\nmailto:FaceBook@appraisalinstitute.Canada<\/p>\n<p>OUR TECHNOLOGY<br \/>\nGIVES YOU MORE<br \/>\nTIME TO MEET<br \/>\nYOUR GOALS.<\/p>\n<p>DataComp and Edge, in-house<br \/>\ncomp database and report writing<br \/>\nsoftware, will help you achieve<br \/>\nyour professional goals so you<br \/>\nhave more time to work on your<br \/>\npersonal ones.<\/p>\n<p>1-800-475-2785 | RealWired.com<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/realwired.com<\/p>\n<p>Contamination remediation costs<br \/>\nand expropriation compensation<br \/>\nTanex Industries Ltd. v. Greater<br \/>\nVancouver Water District<\/p>\n<p>BY JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>Barrister &#038; Solicitor, C.Arb, AACI(Hon)<\/p>\n<p>In my last article, I raised the question whether an expropriating authority should be able to deduct costs to remediate contamination on expropriated property.1 One might respond rather quickly by saying, if such costs<br \/>\naffect market value, why not?  <\/p>\n<p>Assume an owner is only partly responsible for<br \/>\ncontamination of its property. Outside an expropriation<br \/>\nproceeding, the owner can remediate the property, seek cost<br \/>\nrecovery from other responsible parties under environmental<br \/>\nlegislation, and then sell the property without discount for<br \/>\nremediation costs. The owner avoids loss of property value<br \/>\nfor contamination it did not cause or create and insulates<br \/>\nitself from cost recovery actions related to the property that<br \/>\ncould have been initiated by others.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, when property is expropriated, a<br \/>\ndeduction from compensation for contamination remediation<br \/>\nimposes the full cost on the expropriated party whether<br \/>\nresponsible for the contamination or not. Further, the<br \/>\nexpropriated party is left open to possible future liability in<br \/>\nany subsequent cost recovery proceedings related to the<br \/>\nproperty. This situation is what some American courts refer<br \/>\nto as \u2018double liability,\u2019 and, in their rulings, they have found<br \/>\na basis in their constitutions to award \u2018just compensation\u2019<br \/>\nrather than compensation based on market value.2<\/p>\n<p>In Canada, there is no constitutional basis that<br \/>\nwould allow the result that some American courts have<br \/>\nfashioned, but I ended my last article pondering whether<br \/>\nexpropriation legislation could be interpreted so as to<br \/>\nprotect against double-liability. The January 23, 2019<br \/>\nBritish Columbia Supreme Court decision in Tanex Industries<br \/>\nLtd. v. Greater Vancouver Water District, 2019 BCSC 74<br \/>\n[Tanex] suggests not. <\/p>\n<p>Factual background and positions of the parties<\/p>\n<p>In 2016, the Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) expropriated<br \/>\nthe fee simple interest Tanex Industries Ltd. (Tanex) held in real<br \/>\nproperty it used primarily for its mill-working business. The advance<br \/>\npayment GVWD made to Tanex pursuant to the Expropriation Act,<br \/>\nRSBC 1996, c. 125, reflected a deduction of $500,000 based upon<br \/>\nGVWD\u2019s opinion that there was contamination on the property and its<br \/>\nview of how much it would cost to address the alleged contamination.<br \/>\nAt the date of writing, there is no determination by any regulatory<br \/>\nauthority that the property is contaminated.  <\/p>\n<p>In a pre-trial application to the British Columbia Supreme<br \/>\nCourt, Tanex maintained that there should not be a deduction for<br \/>\ncontamination costs when property is expropriated. Tanex relied<br \/>\nupon the American courts (discussed in my previous article) that<br \/>\nexclude evidence of contamination in fixing compensation for<br \/>\nexpropriation and upon a \u2018bundle of rights\u2019 interpretation of \u2018market<br \/>\nvalue.\u2019 (Market value is the basis for expropriation compensation<br \/>\nunder the British Columbia legislation.)  <\/p>\n<p>Tanex argued that the bundle of rights GVWD acquired on<br \/>\nexpropriation included a right to pursue a cost recovery action<br \/>\nunder the Environmental Management Act, SBC 2003, c. 53 (EMA) in<br \/>\nrespect of any contamination costs GVWD incurred for the property.<br \/>\nHowever, by deducting $500,000, the value of the cost recovery<br \/>\nright was not reflected in the compensation. Tanex submitted that<br \/>\nGVWD had not paid for the EMA right and, therefore, had not paid<br \/>\nmarket value for the property as required under the Expropriation<br \/>\nAct. Consistent with the American case law, Tanex submitted<br \/>\nthat if, in fact, the property was contaminated, it was appropriate<br \/>\nthat the expropriator bear the cost and effort of remediation. The<br \/>\nexpropriator could then initiate a cost recovery lawsuit under the<br \/>\nEMA that would determine if there was contamination and who was<br \/>\nresponsible for it.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 44 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>GVWD countered that consideration of costs to remediate<br \/>\ncontamination are incidental to a determination of market<br \/>\nvalue and therefore its deduction was appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>The argument against  <\/p>\n<p>deduction of contamination costs<\/p>\n<p>American courts divide between jurisdictions that do not<br \/>\nallow evidence of contamination remediation costs (exclusion<br \/>\napproach) and jurisdictions that allow such evidence (inclusion<br \/>\napproach). In Moorhead Economic Development Authority v.<br \/>\nRoger W. Anda, et al., 789 N.W. 2d 860, 2010 Minn. LEXIS 534<br \/>\n(Supreme Court of Minnesota) [Moorhead], the court described<br \/>\nthe competing approaches.<\/p>\n<p>Under the inclusion approach, evidence of environmental<br \/>\ncontamination is admitted on the basis that environmental<br \/>\ncontamination affects the market value of property and,<br \/>\ntherefore, is relevant in determining compensation.<br \/>\nHowever, in the exclusion approach, courts hold that valuing<br \/>\nexpropriated property as contaminated is unfair to the<br \/>\nproperty owner. As the court in Moorhead noted:<br \/>\n \u2026 Admitting evidence of contamination and remediation <\/p>\n<p>costs during the condemnation proceeding encourages<br \/>\na jury to value the property as contaminated, often times<br \/>\nreducing the condemnation award dollar-for-dollar by the<br \/>\nactual or estimated cost of remediation\u2026 At the same time,<br \/>\nthe property owner may be held liable for contamination<br \/>\nunder environmental law\u2026<\/p>\n<p> \u2026 The exclusion approach, in contrast, acknowledges that <\/p>\n<p>environmental contamination of a condemned property<br \/>\nnecessarily involves environmental liability laws and<br \/>\navoids subjecting an owner of condemned property to<br \/>\ndouble liability. If remediation costs are not admissible in<br \/>\ncondemnation proceedings, the property owner will not<br \/>\nbe forced to surrender his property to a condemnor at a<br \/>\nreduced price, thus avoiding any risk of double liability. <\/p>\n<p>The court wrote that it is open to the expropriating party to<br \/>\nseek redress from responsible property owners, including the<br \/>\nexpropriated party, through a separate court proceeding. A<br \/>\nlogical extension of this observation is that such a proceeding<br \/>\nwould adjudicate all responsibility for the contamination,<br \/>\nrather than effectively resting all liability on the expropriated<br \/>\nparty through a deduction in compensation.<\/p>\n<p>The court in Moorhead noted that an expropriation<br \/>\nproceeding does not have the same procedural safeguards<br \/>\nas an environmental contamination action, including the<br \/>\nopportunity for the property owner to contest liability for<br \/>\nthe contamination, bring third party actions against former<br \/>\nowners, assert certain defences, or recover from any<br \/>\ninsurance coverage. Allowing a deduction for remediation <\/p>\n<p>costs \u2013 estimated or actual \u2013 allows the expropriator to<br \/>\navoid the procedures established under the environmental<br \/>\nlegislation for recovering remediation costs. In Moorhead,<br \/>\nthe court recognized this would mean that, even though the<br \/>\nowner was not held liable for the contamination through<br \/>\nan environmental action, he was forced to pay for the<br \/>\ncontamination through a reduced compensation award.<\/p>\n<p>The Tanex decision <\/p>\n<p>At paragraphs 26 to 32, the court described its understanding<br \/>\nof Tanex\u2019s arguments:<br \/>\n [26] Tanex\u2019s overarching position on the application is <\/p>\n<p>that, as a matter of law, and quite apart from the fact that<br \/>\nthere has been no formal determination of contamination,<br \/>\nthe Expropriation Act requires GVWD to pay market value<br \/>\nfor the Property as if any contamination on it had been<br \/>\nremediated without regard to the cost to remediate. To do<br \/>\notherwise, it submits, will result in an unfair compensation <\/p>\n<p>Appraise more than farmland<br \/>\nExpand your expertise and appraise some<br \/>\nof Canada\u2019s most progressive agricultural,<br \/>\ncommercial and industrial assets. Send<br \/>\nyour resum\u00e9 to scott.sahulka@fcc-fac.ca and<br \/>\nquote Valuation Candidates in the subject<br \/>\nline.<\/p>\n<p>Vous \u00e9valuerez plus que<br \/>\ndes terres agricoles.<br \/>\n\u00c9largissez votre champ de comp\u00e9tences et<br \/>\n\u00e9valuez des biens agricoles, commerciaux<br \/>\net industriels parmi les plus \u00e9volu\u00e9s au<br \/>\nCanada. Faites parvenir votre curriculum<br \/>\nvit\u00e6 par courriel \u00e0 scott.sahulka@fcc-fac.ca<br \/>\nen indiquant Candidats pour l\u2019\u00c9valuation<br \/>\ndans la ligne objet.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 45Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:scott.sahulka@fcc-fac.ca<br \/>\nmailto:scott.sahulka@fcc-fac.ca<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>award and expose it to additional non compensable losses<br \/>\nif it becomes a party to a recovery action for remediation<br \/>\ncosts brought under the EMA.<\/p>\n<p> [27] Its position is broken down into the following points.<\/p>\n<p> [28] First, deducting anticipated costs of potential <\/p>\n<p>contamination from market value unfairly strips it of its<br \/>\nright to remediate and be compensated for any increased<br \/>\nvalue of the Property that might result. <\/p>\n<p> [29] Second, as a result of the expropriation, it has lost <\/p>\n<p>its right to seek recovery of any such remediation costs<br \/>\nunder an EMA recovery action from those responsible. <\/p>\n<p> [30] Third, those rights, both of which it argues have <\/p>\n<p>value, were included in the basket of interests it held<br \/>\nas an owner of the Property in fee simple prior to the<br \/>\nexpropriation. <\/p>\n<p> [31] Fourth, it will suffer additional unfairness if it <\/p>\n<p>is subsequently sued in a recovery action by the GVWD<br \/>\nbrought against it (as a potentially responsible person)<br \/>\nalong with others should GVWD pay to remediate the<br \/>\nProperty. Not only will it have lost the value of the $500,000<br \/>\ndeducted by GVWD in the expropriation, Tanex argues<br \/>\nthat, even if its liability is limited on an allocation analysis<br \/>\namongst defendants in a recovery action, it is nonetheless<br \/>\njointly and separately liable (per s. 47 of the EMA) and<br \/>\npotentially responsible to pay for the entire judgment if<br \/>\nother defendants lack the financial means to pay: Dolinksy<br \/>\nv. Wingfield, 2015 BCSC 238 at paras. 39-44.<\/p>\n<p> [32] Tanex relies quite heavily on the remarks of Mr. <\/p>\n<p>Justice Cory in Toronto Area Transit Operating Authority<br \/>\nv. Dell Holdings Ltd., [1997] 1 S.C.R. 32 in support of its<br \/>\nposition that, in every case, full and fair compensation must<br \/>\nbe paid for loss and damages which are the natural and<br \/>\nreasonable consequence of the expropriation. <\/p>\n<p>Putting it shortly, the court was not persuaded. First, it<br \/>\ndistinguished Dell on the basis that it addressed disturbance<br \/>\ndamages in an expropriation and not market value. The court<br \/>\nheld that, in British Columbia, the approach to compensation<br \/>\nis dictated by the Expropriation Act, and this means market<br \/>\nvalue. As for the \u2018exclusionary approach,\u2019 the court said it<br \/>\nrepresented a minority view of courts in the United States,<br \/>\nbased upon constitutional considerations for property rights<br \/>\nand \u2018just compensation,\u2019 neither of which has application in<br \/>\nCanada. The court placed reliance upon Nyugen v. British<br \/>\nColumbia (Transportation and Infrastructure), 2018 BCSC 192, <\/p>\n<p>an expropriation case where the court allowed deduction<br \/>\nof development costs that would be required to achieve the<br \/>\nhighest and best use of the property. At paragraph 52, the<br \/>\ncourt wrote in part, \u201cApplying the holding in Nguyen to this<br \/>\ncase, I conclude that it is always open for the trial judge to<br \/>\ndeduct remediation costs where appropriate. If remediation<br \/>\ncosts affect or promote a property\u2019s market value, deduction<br \/>\nmay be made. Where remediation costs will not do so, or<br \/>\nwhere there is no properly quantifiable basis on the evidence<br \/>\nto determine an appropriate deduction, it is open for the trial<br \/>\njudge to conclude that no deduction ought to be made\u2026\u201d <\/p>\n<p>The British Columbia Supreme Court noted Tanex\u2019s<br \/>\nconcern that the expropriation of its property interest<br \/>\nsubsumed rights it held under the EMA related to cost<br \/>\nrecovery actions, while leaving open the possibility Tanex<br \/>\ncould be drawn into a future cost recovery action as a<br \/>\nformer owner. At paragraph 56, the court wrote that it is<br \/>\nnot clear that Tanex has lost that right, but that the matter<br \/>\nwould have to be decided on another day \u2013 not a comfortable<br \/>\nposition in which to leave an expropriated party. Assuming<br \/>\nfor the moment that there is contamination on the Tanex<br \/>\nsite and remediation will cost what GVWD estimates, there<br \/>\nis presently no guidance on the question of whether Tanex<br \/>\nwill be able to recover the whole or seek contribution of<br \/>\nthe amount deducted from other responsible parties (e.g.<br \/>\nformer owners). Even if Tanex has standing to initiate a cost<br \/>\nrecovery action, it is not clear that a deduction for estimated<br \/>\ncontamination costs in an expropriation hearing will equate<br \/>\nto a payment of remediation costs forming the basis of a cost<br \/>\nrecovery action under the EMA.<\/p>\n<p>Concluding remarks <\/p>\n<p>At the timing of writing, the Tanex decision is just a few<br \/>\ndays old and it is not known how the parties will respond<br \/>\nto the court decision. At the very least, it will create some<br \/>\ndifficult decisions for the expropriated party who, until the<br \/>\nexpropriating authority \u2018knocked on the door,\u2019 were minding<br \/>\ntheir own business running their mill-working operation.<\/p>\n<p>End notes<br \/>\n1 Canadian Property Valuation, Vol 62, Book 4, 2018  <\/p>\n<p>at page 32<br \/>\n2 Canadian Property Valuation, Vol 62, Book 4, 2018  <\/p>\n<p>at page 32-34<\/p>\n<p>This article is provided for the purposes of generating<br \/>\ndiscussion and to make practitioners aware of certain<br \/>\nchallenges presented in the law. It is not to be taken as legal<br \/>\nadvice. Any questions relating to the matters discussed herein<br \/>\nshould be put to qualified legal and appraisal practitioners. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 46 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PAR JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>Avocat-procureur, C.Arb, AACI (Hon.)<\/p>\n<p>Co\u00fbts de d\u00e9contamination et<br \/>\nindemnisation en cas d\u2019expropriation<br \/>\nTanex Industries Ltd. c. Greater<br \/>\nVancouver Water District<\/p>\n<p>Dans mon dernier article, j\u2019ai soulev\u00e9 la question de savoir si une autorit\u00e9 expropriante devrait pouvoir d\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts de d\u00e9contamination des biens expropri\u00e9s.1 On pourrait r\u00e9pondre assez<br \/>\nrapidement \u00e0 cette question en disant que, si de tels co\u00fbts<br \/>\naffectent la valeur marchande, pourquoi pas?  <\/p>\n<p>Supposons qu\u2019un propri\u00e9taire n\u2019est que partiellement<br \/>\nresponsable de la contamination de sa propri\u00e9t\u00e9. En dehors<br \/>\nd\u2019une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019expropriation, le propri\u00e9taire peut<br \/>\nassainir la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, demander le recouvrement des co\u00fbts<br \/>\naupr\u00e8s d\u2019autres parties responsables en vertu des lois<br \/>\nenvironnementales, puis vendre la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sans escompte<br \/>\npour les co\u00fbts d\u2019assainissement. Le propri\u00e9taire \u00e9vite la perte<br \/>\nde valeur de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en raison de la contamination qu\u2019il n\u2019a<br \/>\npas caus\u00e9e ou cr\u00e9\u00e9e et s\u2019isole des mesures de recouvrement<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts li\u00e9es \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui auraient pu \u00eatre prises par<br \/>\nd\u2019autres parties. <\/p>\n<p>D\u2019autre part, lorsque la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est expropri\u00e9e, une<br \/>\nd\u00e9duction de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la d\u00e9contamination<br \/>\nimpose le co\u00fbt total \u00e0 la partie expropri\u00e9e, qu\u2019elle soit<br \/>\nresponsable ou non de la contamination. De plus, la partie<br \/>\nexpropri\u00e9e est laiss\u00e9e libre de toute responsabilit\u00e9 future<br \/>\n\u00e9ventuelle dans toute proc\u00e9dure ult\u00e9rieure de recouvrement<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Cette situation est ce que certains<br \/>\ntribunaux am\u00e9ricains appellent la \u00ab double responsabilit\u00e9 \u00bb et,<br \/>\ndans leurs d\u00e9cisions, ils ont trouv\u00e9 dans leur constitution un<br \/>\nfondement pour accorder une \u00ab juste indemnisation \u00bb plut\u00f4t<br \/>\nqu\u2019une indemnisation fond\u00e9e sur la valeur marchande.2<\/p>\n<p>Au Canada, il n\u2019existe aucun fondement constitutionnel<br \/>\nqui permettrait d\u2019obtenir le r\u00e9sultat que certains tribunaux<br \/>\nam\u00e9ricains ont obtenus, mais j\u2019ai termin\u00e9 mon dernier article<br \/>\nen me demandant si une loi sur l\u2019expropriation pourrait <\/p>\n<p>\u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger contre la double<br \/>\nresponsabilit\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision rendue par la Cour supr\u00eame de la<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique le 23 janvier 2019 dans l\u2019affaire Tanex<br \/>\nIndustries Ltd. c. Greater Vancouver Water District, 2019 BCSC<br \/>\n74[Tanex] sugg\u00e8re que non. <\/p>\n<p>Contexte factuel et positions des parties <\/p>\n<p>En 2016, le Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) a expropri\u00e9<br \/>\nl\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat en fief simple des biens immobiliers que d\u00e9tenait Tanex<br \/>\nIndustries Ltd. (Tanex) et qu\u2019elle utilisait principalement pour<br \/>\nses activit\u00e9s d\u2019usinage. Le paiement anticip\u00e9 que GVWD a vers\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 Tanex en vertu de l\u2019Expropriation Act, RSBC 1996, ch. 125,<br \/>\ncomportait une d\u00e9duction de 500 000 $ fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019opinion de<br \/>\nGVWD que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tait contamin\u00e9e et que la d\u00e9duction<br \/>\ncorrespondait au co\u00fbt qu\u2019il aurait fallu engager pour r\u00e9gler la<br \/>\ncontamination all\u00e9gu\u00e9e. Au moment de la r\u00e9daction du pr\u00e9sent<br \/>\nrapport, aucun organisme de r\u00e9glementation n\u2019a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tait contamin\u00e9e.  <\/p>\n<p>Dans une demande pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 la Cour supr\u00eame de la<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique avant le proc\u00e8s, Tanex a soutenu qu\u2019il ne<br \/>\ndevrait pas y avoir de d\u00e9duction pour les co\u00fbts de contamination<br \/>\nlorsque la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est expropri\u00e9e. Tanex s\u2019est appuy\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nles d\u00e9cisions de tribunaux am\u00e9ricains (dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 question<br \/>\ndans mon article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent) qui excluent les preuves de<br \/>\ncontamination dans la fixation de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019expropriation et<br \/>\nsur l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de la \u00ab valeur marchande \u00bb par un \u00ab ensemble<br \/>\nde droits \u00bb. (La valeur marchande est le fondement de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019expropriation en vertu de la loi de la Colombie-Britannique).    <\/p>\n<p>Tanex a fait valoir que l\u2019ensemble des droits acquis par<br \/>\nGVWD lors de l\u2019expropriation comprenait le droit d\u2019intenter une<br \/>\naction en recouvrement des co\u00fbts en vertu de l\u2019Environmental<br \/>\nManagement Act, SBC 2003, c. 53 (EMA) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des co\u00fbts  <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 47Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>de contamination engag\u00e9s par GVWD pour le bien. Toutefois,<br \/>\nen d\u00e9duisant 500 000 $, la valeur du droit au recouvrement<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en compte dans l\u2019indemnisation.<br \/>\nTanex a soutenu que GVWD n\u2019avait pas pay\u00e9 le droit d\u2019EMA et,<br \/>\npar cons\u00e9quent, n\u2019avait pas pay\u00e9 la valeur marchande de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 comme l\u2019exige l\u2019Expropriation Act. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0<br \/>\nla jurisprudence am\u00e9ricaine, Tanex a soutenu que si, en fait, le<br \/>\nbien \u00e9tait contamin\u00e9, il \u00e9tait juste que l\u2019expropriateur assume<br \/>\nles co\u00fbts et les efforts de restauration. L\u2019expropriant pourrait<br \/>\nalors intenter une poursuite en recouvrement des co\u00fbts en vertu<br \/>\nde l\u2019EMA qui d\u00e9terminerait s\u2019il y a eu contamination et qui en<br \/>\nest responsable. <\/p>\n<p>GVWD a r\u00e9pondu que la prise en compte des co\u00fbts de<br \/>\nd\u00e9contamination est accessoire \u00e0 la d\u00e9termination de la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande et que sa d\u00e9duction \u00e9tait donc appropri\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019argument contre  <\/p>\n<p>la d\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts de d\u00e9contamination<\/p>\n<p>Les tribunaux am\u00e9ricains sont divis\u00e9s : certaines juridictions<br \/>\nn\u2019autorisent pas la preuve des co\u00fbts d\u2019assainissement de la<br \/>\ncontamination (approche par exclusion) et d\u2019autres autorisent<br \/>\ncette preuve (approche par inclusion). Dans Moorhead Economic<br \/>\nDevelopment Authority c. Roger W. Anda, et al, 789 N.W. 2d 860,<br \/>\n2010 Minn. LEXIS 534 (Cour supr\u00eame du Minnesota) [Moorhead],<br \/>\nla Cour a d\u00e9crit les approches concurrentes. <\/p>\n<p>Selon l\u2019approche par inclusion, la preuve de la contamination<br \/>\nde l\u2019environnement est admise en raison du fait que la<br \/>\ncontamination de l\u2019environnement influe sur la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et, par cons\u00e9quent, est pertinente<br \/>\npour d\u00e9terminer l\u2019indemnisation. Toutefois, dans l\u2019approche<br \/>\npar exclusion, les tribunaux soutiennent que l\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nbiens expropri\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant contamin\u00e9s est injuste pour le<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taire foncier. Comme le tribunal l\u2019a fait remarquer<br \/>\ndans Moorhead :<br \/>\n \u2026 Le fait d\u2019admettre la preuve de la contamination et <\/p>\n<p>des co\u00fbts d\u2019assainissement au cours de la proc\u00e9dure de<br \/>\ncondamnation encourage un jury \u00e0 \u00e9valuer la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\ncomme \u00e9tant contamin\u00e9e, ce qui r\u00e9duit souvent le montant<br \/>\nde l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 de condamnation par le co\u00fbt r\u00e9el ou estim\u00e9<br \/>\nde l\u2019assainissement&#8230; En m\u00eame temps, le propri\u00e9taire peut<br \/>\n\u00eatre tenu responsable de la contamination en vertu des lois<br \/>\nenvironnementales&#8230;. <\/p>\n<p> \u2026 L\u2019approche par l\u2019exclusion, en revanche, reconna\u00eet  <\/p>\n<p>que la contamination environnementale d\u2019un bien condamn\u00e9<br \/>\nimplique n\u00e9cessairement des lois sur la responsabilit\u00e9<br \/>\nenvironnementale et \u00e9vite de soumettre le propri\u00e9taire<br \/>\nd\u2019un bien condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 une double responsabilit\u00e9. Si les frais<br \/>\nde remise en \u00e9tat ne sont pas admissibles dans le cadre<br \/>\nd\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de condamnation, le propri\u00e9taire ne sera  <\/p>\n<p>pas contraint de remettre son bien \u00e0 une autorit\u00e9<br \/>\ncondamnante \u00e0 un prix r\u00e9duit, \u00e9vitant ainsi tout risque de<br \/>\ndouble responsabilit\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Le tribunal a \u00e9crit qu\u2019il est loisible \u00e0 la partie expropriante<br \/>\nde demander r\u00e9paration aupr\u00e8s des propri\u00e9taires fonciers<br \/>\nresponsables, y compris la partie expropri\u00e9e, dans le cadre<br \/>\nd\u2019une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire distincte. Un prolongement logique<br \/>\nde cette observation est qu\u2019une telle proc\u00e9dure attribuerait<br \/>\ntoute la responsabilit\u00e9 de la contamination, plut\u00f4t que de faire<br \/>\nreposer toute la responsabilit\u00e9 sur la partie expropri\u00e9e par<br \/>\nune d\u00e9duction \u00e0 titre d\u2019indemnisation. <\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019affaire Moorhead, la Cour a fait remarquer qu\u2019une<br \/>\nproc\u00e9dure d\u2019expropriation ne comporte pas les m\u00eames<br \/>\ngaranties proc\u00e9durales qu\u2019une action pour contamination de<br \/>\nl\u2019environnement, y compris la possibilit\u00e9 pour le propri\u00e9taire<br \/>\nfoncier de contester la responsabilit\u00e9 pour la contamination,<br \/>\nd\u2019intenter des poursuites contre d\u2019anciens propri\u00e9taires, de<br \/>\nfaire valoir certaines exceptions ou de se faire rembourser<br \/>\npar toute assurance. Le fait d\u2019accorder une d\u00e9duction pour<br \/>\nles co\u00fbts d\u2019assainissement \u2013 estim\u00e9s ou r\u00e9els \u2013 permet \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019expropriateur d\u2019\u00e9viter les proc\u00e9dures \u00e9tablies en vertu de<br \/>\nla l\u00e9gislation environnementale pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les co\u00fbts<br \/>\nd\u2019assainissement. Dans l\u2019affaire Moorhead, le tribunal a<br \/>\nreconnu que cela signifierait que, m\u00eame si le propri\u00e9taire<br \/>\nn\u2019\u00e9tait pas tenu responsable de la contamination par le biais<br \/>\nd\u2019une action environnementale, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9 de payer pour la<br \/>\ncontamination par une indemnit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite. <\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9cision dans l\u2019affaire Tanex  <\/p>\n<p>Aux paragraphes 26 \u00e0 32, le tribunal a d\u00e9crit sa<br \/>\ncompr\u00e9hension des arguments de Tanex :<br \/>\n [26] La position g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Tanex \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la <\/p>\n<p>demande est que, en droit, et ind\u00e9pendamment du fait qu\u2019il<br \/>\nn\u2019y a pas eu de d\u00e9termination officielle de la contamination,<br \/>\nl\u2019Expropriation Act exige que GVWD paie la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 comme si toute contamination<br \/>\nsur celle-ci avait \u00e9t\u00e9 assainie sans \u00e9gard au co\u00fbt de<br \/>\nl\u2019assainissement. Dans le cas contraire, selon elle, il en<br \/>\nr\u00e9sultera une indemnit\u00e9 injuste et l\u2019exposera \u00e0 des pertes<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires non indemnisables si elle devient partie<br \/>\n\u00e0 une action en recouvrement des co\u00fbts de restauration<br \/>\nintent\u00e9e en vertu de l\u2019EMA.<\/p>\n<p> [27] Sa position repose sur les points suivants. <\/p>\n<p> [28] Premi\u00e8rement, le fait de d\u00e9duire de la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande les co\u00fbts pr\u00e9vus de la contamination potentielle<br \/>\nla prive injustement de son droit de prendre des mesures<br \/>\ncorrectives et d\u2019\u00eatre indemnis\u00e9e pour toute augmentation<br \/>\nde la valeur de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui pourrait en r\u00e9sulter. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 48 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p> [29] Deuxi\u00e8mement, \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019expropriation, elle a<br \/>\nperdu son droit de demander aux responsables de recouvrer<br \/>\nles co\u00fbts de l\u2019assainissement en vertu d\u2019une mesure de<br \/>\nrecouvrement de l\u2019EMA. <\/p>\n<p> [30] Troisi\u00e8mement, ces droits, dont elle soutient qu\u2019ils ont<br \/>\ntous deux de la valeur, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inclus dans le panier d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\nqu\u2019elle d\u00e9tenait \u00e0 titre de propri\u00e9taire de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief<br \/>\nsimple avant l\u2019expropriation. <\/p>\n<p> [31] Quatri\u00e8mement, elle subira une injustice<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaire si elle est par la suite poursuivie dans le cadre<br \/>\nd\u2019une action en recouvrement intent\u00e9e par GVWD contre elle<br \/>\n(en tant que personne potentiellement responsable) avec<br \/>\nd\u2019autres si GVWD paie pour remettre le bien en \u00e9tat. Non<br \/>\nseulement aura-t-elle perdu la valeur des 500 000 $ d\u00e9duits<br \/>\npar GVWD dans l\u2019expropriation, mais Tanex soutient que, m\u00eame<br \/>\nsi sa responsabilit\u00e9 est limit\u00e9e selon une analyse de r\u00e9partition<br \/>\nentre les d\u00e9fendeurs dans une action en recouvrement, elle est<br \/>\nn\u00e9anmoins solidairement et s\u00e9par\u00e9ment responsable (selon<br \/>\nl\u2019article 47 de l\u2019EMA) et potentiellement responsable de payer<br \/>\nla totalit\u00e9 du jugement si les autres d\u00e9fendeurs ne disposent<br \/>\npas des fonds pour payer : Dolinksy c. Wingfield, 2015 BCSC<br \/>\n238 aux paragraphes 39-44. <\/p>\n<p> [32] Tanex s\u2019appuie largement sur les propos du juge Cory<br \/>\ndans l\u2019affaire Toronto Area Transit Operating Authority c. Dell<br \/>\nHoldings Ltd, [1997] 1 R.C.S. 32 \u00e0 l\u2019appui de sa position selon<br \/>\nlaquelle, dans chaque cas, une indemnisation compl\u00e8te et<br \/>\n\u00e9quitable doit \u00eatre vers\u00e9e pour les pertes et dommages qui sont<br \/>\nla cons\u00e9quence naturelle et raisonnable de l\u2019expropriation. <\/p>\n<p>Pour r\u00e9sumer, la cour n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 convaincue. Premi\u00e8rement,<br \/>\nelle a \u00e9tabli une distinction par rapport \u00e0 Dell parce que cette<br \/>\naffaire portait sur les dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour perturbation dans<br \/>\nle cadre d\u2019une expropriation et non sur la valeur marchande.<br \/>\nLa Cour a statu\u00e9 qu\u2019en Colombie-Britannique, l\u2019approche en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019indemnisation est dict\u00e9e par l\u2019Expropriation Act,<br \/>\nce qui signifie la valeur marchande. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ab approche<br \/>\npar exclusion \u00bb, la Cour a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019elle repr\u00e9sentait une<br \/>\nopinion minoritaire des tribunaux des \u00c9tats-Unis, fond\u00e9e sur<br \/>\ndes consid\u00e9rations constitutionnelles relatives aux droits de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ab indemnisation \u00e9quitable \u00bb, qui ne s\u2019appliquent<br \/>\npas au Canada. La Cour s\u2019est fond\u00e9e sur la d\u00e9cision Nyugen c.<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique (Transport et infrastructure), 2018 BCSC<br \/>\n192, une affaire d\u2019expropriation dans laquelle la Cour a autoris\u00e9<br \/>\nla d\u00e9duction des frais d\u2019am\u00e9nagement qui seraient n\u00e9cessaires<br \/>\npour obtenir l\u2019utilisation optimale de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Au paragraphe<br \/>\n52, la Cour a \u00e9crit en partie : \u00ab En appliquant l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 dans Nguyen<br \/>\n\u00e0 cette affaire, je conclus qu\u203ail est toujours possible pour le juge<br \/>\nde premi\u00e8re instance de d\u00e9duire les frais d&rsquo;assainissement, le cas <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9ch\u00e9ant. Si les co\u00fbts d&rsquo;assainissement ont une incidence sur<br \/>\nla valeur marchande d&rsquo;une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ou en font la<br \/>\npromotion, une d\u00e9duction peut \u00eatre faite. Lorsque les frais<br \/>\nd&rsquo;assainissement ne le feront pas, ou lorsqu\u203ail n\u203ay a pas de<br \/>\nbase quantifiable sur la preuve pour d\u00e9terminer une d\u00e9duction<br \/>\nappropri\u00e9e, le juge du proc\u00e8s peut conclure qu\u203aaucune<br \/>\nd\u00e9duction ne devrait \u00eatre faite&#8230; \u00bb.  <\/p>\n<p>La Cour supr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique a not\u00e9 la<br \/>\npr\u00e9occupation de Tanex \u00e0 l\u2019effet que l\u2019expropriation de son<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eat foncier englobait les droits qu\u2019elle d\u00e9tenait en vertu de<br \/>\nl\u2019EMA relativement aux mesures de recouvrement des co\u00fbts,<br \/>\ntout en laissant ouverte la possibilit\u00e9 que Tanex puisse \u00eatre<br \/>\npartie \u00e0 une action future en recouvrement des co\u00fbts \u00e0 titre<br \/>\nde propri\u00e9taire ant\u00e9rieur. Au paragraphe 56, la Cour a \u00e9crit<br \/>\nqu\u2019il n\u2019est pas clair que Tanex ait perdu ce droit, mais que<br \/>\nl\u2019affaire devrait \u00eatre tranch\u00e9e un autre moment \u2013 ce qui ne<br \/>\nserait pas une position confortable pour une partie expropri\u00e9e.<br \/>\nEn supposant pour le moment qu\u2019il y a contamination sur le<br \/>\nsite de Tanex et que l\u2019assainissement co\u00fbtera ce que GVWD<br \/>\nestime, il n\u2019existe actuellement aucune directive sur la<br \/>\nquestion de savoir si Tanex sera en mesure de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer la<br \/>\ntotalit\u00e9 du montant d\u00e9duit ou de demander \u00e0 d\u2019autres parties<br \/>\nresponsables (par exemple, les anciens propri\u00e9taires) une<br \/>\ncontribution correspondant \u00e0 ce montant. M\u00eame si Tanex a<br \/>\nqualit\u00e9 pour intenter une action en recouvrement des co\u00fbts, il<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas certain qu\u2019une d\u00e9duction pour les co\u00fbts estimatifs de<br \/>\nla contamination dans une audience d\u2019expropriation \u00e9quivaudra<br \/>\n\u00e0 un paiement des co\u00fbts de remise en \u00e9tat formant la base<br \/>\nd\u2019une action en recouvrement des co\u00fbts en vertu de l\u2019EMA.<\/p>\n<p>Observations finales <\/p>\n<p>Au moment de la r\u00e9daction du pr\u00e9sent rapport, la d\u00e9cision<br \/>\nTanex est toute r\u00e9cente et on ne sait pas encore comment les<br \/>\nparties vont r\u00e9agir \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du tribunal. \u00c0 tout le moins,<br \/>\ncela cr\u00e9era des d\u00e9cisions difficiles pour la partie expropri\u00e9e<br \/>\nqui, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que l\u2019autorit\u00e9 expropriante \u00ab frappe \u00e0 la porte \u00bb,<br \/>\ns\u2019occupait de ses propres affaires en dirigeant son usine. <\/p>\n<p>Notes en fin de texte<br \/>\n1 \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada, Vol 62, Tome 4, 2018, <\/p>\n<p>page 35<br \/>\n2 \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada, Vol 62, Tome 4, 2018, <\/p>\n<p>pages 35-37<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est fourni dans le but de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des discussions et de<br \/>\nsensibiliser les praticiens \u00e0 certains d\u00e9fis pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans la loi.<br \/>\nCet expos\u00e9 ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un avis juridique.<br \/>\nToutes les questions relatives aux situations abord\u00e9es aux<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentes devraient \u00eatre pos\u00e9es \u00e0 des praticiens qualifi\u00e9s dans les<br \/>\ndomaines du droit et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 49Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Advocacy in Action<\/p>\n<p>S ince the last issue of Canadian Property Valuation (CPV), Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) advocacy<br \/>\nrepresentatives from across the country<br \/>\nhave been active in promoting the AIC<br \/>\nand the important role its Members play<br \/>\nin the real estate industry. <\/p>\n<p>December and January also allowed<br \/>\nfor reflection on the year that was, and<br \/>\nwhat to expect and focus on in 2019 \u2013 an<br \/>\nelection year at the national level. In<br \/>\nfact, the Advocacy Committee, which has<br \/>\na representative from each provincial<br \/>\nassociation, met in Ottawa from February<br \/>\n4-6, 2019 to share its perspectives and<br \/>\nstrategize for what is to come in 2019.<\/p>\n<p>In this edition of Advocacy in Action,<br \/>\nour spotlight is on AIC\u2019s Second Annual<br \/>\nParliament Hill Day, which occurred<br \/>\nduring the Advocacy Committee\u2019s<br \/>\nmeetings in Ottawa, as well as a review<br \/>\nof the most significant advocacy related<br \/>\nhighlights from 2018. <\/p>\n<p>AIC Members at Parliament Hill<\/p>\n<p>Parliament Hill Days are very popular<br \/>\nin Ottawa and they are starting to<br \/>\ngather steam in provincial capitals. Hill<br \/>\nDays, as insiders call them, are where<br \/>\nan organization\u2019s team, including its<br \/>\nleadership, visits Parliament Hill to meet<br \/>\nas many Members of Parliament (MPs) as<br \/>\npossible in order to advocate on certain<br \/>\nissues on which they would like the<br \/>\nfederal government to take action. <\/p>\n<p>In February 2018, AIC organized and<br \/>\ndelivered its first ever Hill Day, which<br \/>\nbrought members of the Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee to Ottawa to meet 8 MPs. The<br \/>\nmain objectives were to introduce AIC<br \/>\nand the important role appraisers play <\/p>\n<p>in both the real estate industry and the<br \/>\nCanadian economy. Since this was a first<br \/>\nfor AIC, we wanted to make sure that<br \/>\nnobody was overwhelmed and that all<br \/>\nwere clear on our messaging. <\/p>\n<p>It proved to be an excellent<br \/>\nopportunity to get in front of federal<br \/>\nlegislators to ensure appraisers are<br \/>\nincluded in discussions related to real<br \/>\nestate, as well as to create relationships<br \/>\nthat could be beneficial for AIC Members<br \/>\nand the protection of the public.<br \/>\nFollowing this successful inaugural<br \/>\nevent, on February 5, 2019, AIC advocacy<br \/>\nrepresentatives from across the country<br \/>\nreturned to Ottawa for the second annual<br \/>\nAIC Parliament Hill Day. This year,<br \/>\nwe were able to more than double the<br \/>\namount of meetings we had in 2018 by<br \/>\nsecuring nearly 20 meetings with MPs<br \/>\nand other government officials.  <\/p>\n<p>As well as introducing AIC and the<br \/>\nrole appraisers have in real estate<br \/>\ntransactions, we also approached <\/p>\n<p>legislators with the following three<br \/>\nissues and recommendations:<br \/>\n1. Apply prudent lending guidelines <\/p>\n<p>to all mortgage lending entities in<br \/>\norder to ensure consistency and<br \/>\neffectiveness in mitigating lending<br \/>\nrisk across the country. These<br \/>\nguidelines should be based on<br \/>\ntwo core principles: careful<br \/>\nconsideration of both the borrower\u2019s<br \/>\ncredit worthiness and the value of<br \/>\nthe collateral.<\/p>\n<p>2. Exempting Mortgage Renewals from<br \/>\nthe Application of the Stress Test<br \/>\nunder B20 (Residential Mortgage<br \/>\nUnderwriting Practices and<br \/>\nProcedures, under the auspice of<br \/>\nthe Office of the Superintendent of<br \/>\nFinancial Institutions).<\/p>\n<p>3. The federal government should<br \/>\nundertake an awareness campaign to<br \/>\ninform homeowners of the potential<br \/>\ndetrimental impacts home cultivation<br \/>\ncan have on the value of their home.<\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Dan Brewer, AACI, P.App; Karen Koebel-Medlicott, CRA, P.App; Thomas Fox, AACI, P.App<br \/>\nand MP Francesco Sorbara.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 50 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>ADVOCACY<\/p>\n<p>The main objectives for all three issues<br \/>\nare the protection of the public and the<br \/>\ninterest of consumers. These issues also<br \/>\nrequire expert knowledge and expertise<br \/>\nfrom AIC Members. <\/p>\n<p>This 2019 edition of Hill Day was<br \/>\nanother success and we plan to continue<br \/>\nit next year, only a few short months<br \/>\nafter the October 2019 federal election.<\/p>\n<p>To view pictures from the<br \/>\nmeetings that included AIC Members<br \/>\nand MPs, please visit our Twitter page<br \/>\n@AIC_Canada <\/p>\n<p>2018 Highlights<\/p>\n<p>While our advocacy efforts for 2019<br \/>\nare already underway, we wanted to<br \/>\nprovide readers with an overview of last<br \/>\nyear\u2019s highlights and accomplishments<br \/>\nat the national level, along with some<br \/>\nimpressive efforts by provincial<br \/>\nassociations:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC Parliament Hill Day. This was<br \/>\na first for the association, as it<br \/>\ncontinued to increase its advocacy<br \/>\nefforts and presence on the<br \/>\nOttawa scene.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Queen\u2019s Park Day. In addition<br \/>\nto meeting MPs in Ottawa, AIC-<br \/>\nNational supported AIC-Ontario<br \/>\nwith a day of meetings with<br \/>\nMembers of Provincial Parliament<br \/>\n(MPP) in Toronto. Approximately<br \/>\n20 meetings were secured which,<br \/>\nespecially with the arrival of a<br \/>\nnew government, allowed for AIC-<br \/>\nOntario Members to speak<br \/>\nto their role in Ontario\u2019s real<br \/>\nestate economy.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Federal Budget Lockup. On the<br \/>\ninvitation of Finance Canada, AIC<br \/>\nattended its second consecutive<br \/>\nfederal budget lockup in February<br \/>\n2018. This allowed AIC to review<br \/>\nthe budget before it was tabled and<br \/>\nmade public by the Federal Finance<br \/>\nMinister in the House of Commons.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Federal Government Consultations.<br \/>\nAIC-National made five submissions<br \/>\nto the federal government\/agencies <\/p>\n<p>and parliamentary committees over<br \/>\nthe course of the year. This included<br \/>\nconsultations on the 2018 budget<br \/>\nto the Finance Committee and the<br \/>\nFinance Minister, as well as on<br \/>\nmoney laundering and syndicated<br \/>\nmortgages. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Meetings. AIC had approximately 25<br \/>\nmeetings with federal MPs, federal<br \/>\ndepartments and agencies including<br \/>\nFinance Canada, CMHC, Office of<br \/>\nthe Superintendent of Financial<br \/>\nInstitutions, and more.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Prudent Mortgage Lending<br \/>\nGuidelines. Ongoing efforts<br \/>\nadvocating for prudent underwriting<br \/>\nguidelines being applied to<br \/>\nall mortgage lending entities<br \/>\nyielded results in Quebec, as the<br \/>\nfinancial regulator implemented<br \/>\nrecent changes to the Office of<br \/>\nthe Superintendent of Financial<br \/>\nInstitutions B20 Guidelines. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC Policy on Cannabis. AIC<br \/>\nobtained guidance from the Office<br \/>\nof the Privacy Commissioner of<br \/>\nCanada on privacy matters relating<br \/>\nto the legalization of cannabis.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC-BC at Finance Committee.<br \/>\nOn Monday September 24, 2018,<br \/>\nAIC-BC appeared before the BC<br \/>\nLegislature\u2019s Select Standing<br \/>\nCommittee on Finance and<br \/>\nGovernment Services. Committee<br \/>\nquestions focused on secondary<br \/>\nlending and data access. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC-Alberta Condominium<br \/>\nRegulations. Since the summer<br \/>\nof 2017, AIC-Alberta advocacy<br \/>\nrepresentatives have been providing<br \/>\ninput into the development of<br \/>\nnew condominium regulations<br \/>\nin Alberta, specifically those<br \/>\nrelated to reserve fund studies.<br \/>\nThe Government of Alberta was<br \/>\ncontemplating establishing a<br \/>\nlist of professionals who would<br \/>\nbe permitted to perform<br \/>\nreserve fund studies within the<br \/>\nProvince. AIC-Alberta made three <\/p>\n<p>submissions during the<br \/>\nconsultation process, including<br \/>\none to the Minister responsible<br \/>\nfor the regulations, and our<br \/>\nrepresentatives were invited to<br \/>\nattend two roundtable discussions.<br \/>\nOn December 15, 2018, the<br \/>\nGovernment of Alberta released<br \/>\nthese new regulations with<br \/>\nonly a handful of professionals<br \/>\nlisted, including AACI Designated<br \/>\nMembers. These new regulations will<br \/>\nbe effective as of January 1, 2020.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC-Manitoba<br \/>\nProvides Expert Knowledge.<br \/>\nAIC-Manitoba partnered with<br \/>\nWinnipegREALTORS\u00ae to provide<br \/>\nstakeholders with the information<br \/>\nthey need to make well-informed<br \/>\ndecisions regarding infill<br \/>\ndevelopment within Winnipeg. In<br \/>\nfact, a report was completed by<br \/>\nAIC-Manitoba and a presentation<br \/>\nrelated to value impacts on<br \/>\nexisting properties around recent<br \/>\ninfill projects was made to the<br \/>\nStanding Committee on Planning<br \/>\nand Development of Winnipeg City<br \/>\nCouncil. This partnership provides<br \/>\ngood visibility for AIC and its<br \/>\nMembers, and it positions them<br \/>\nas industry experts and as<br \/>\nCanada\u2019s leading real estate<br \/>\nvaluation professionals.<\/p>\n<p>Moving forward, the AIC Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee will continue to develop<br \/>\nstrategies and build on the momentum<br \/>\nthat has been created over the course<br \/>\nof the last few years, as we continue<br \/>\nto make a name for ourselves with<br \/>\ngovernment and other real estate<br \/>\nindustry associations.<\/p>\n<p>As always, if any members have<br \/>\nadditional issues that require the<br \/>\ncommittee\u2019s attention, please contact<br \/>\nyour provincial representative; Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee Chair, Adam Dickinson, AACI,<br \/>\nP.App at adickinson@propertyappraisal.<br \/>\nca; or Andre Hannoush, Director, Public<br \/>\nAffairs, at andreh@aicanada.ca. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 51Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre<\/p>\n<p>Depuis le dernier num\u00e9ro d\u2019\u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada (EIC), les repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) de partout<br \/>\nau pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs dans la promotion de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et du r\u00f4le important que ses membres<br \/>\njouent dans le secteur immobilier.  <\/p>\n<p>Les mois de d\u00e9cembre et de janvier<br \/>\nont \u00e9galement permis de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les<br \/>\n\u00e9v\u00e9nements de la derni\u00e8re ann\u00e9e et sur les<br \/>\nchoses \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir et \u00e0 aborder au cours de<br \/>\ncette ann\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9lection f\u00e9d\u00e9rale que sera<br \/>\n2019. En fait, le Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats, qui compte un repr\u00e9sentant de<br \/>\nchaque association provinciale, s\u2019est r\u00e9uni \u00e0<br \/>\nOttawa du 4 au 6 f\u00e9vrier 2019 pour partager<br \/>\nses points de vue et \u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie<br \/>\nen pr\u00e9vision de 2019. <\/p>\n<p>Dans le pr\u00e9sent num\u00e9ro de D\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre, nous mettons l\u2019accent sur<br \/>\nla deuxi\u00e8me Journ\u00e9e annuelle de l\u2019ICE sur<br \/>\nla Colline du Parlement, qui s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e<br \/>\npendant les r\u00e9unions du Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 Ottawa, ainsi que sur un survol<br \/>\ndes plus importants faits saillants de 2018 \u00e0<br \/>\nce chapitre. <\/p>\n<p>Membres de l\u2019ICE  <\/p>\n<p>sur la Colline du Parlement <\/p>\n<p>Les Journ\u00e9es sur la Colline du Parlement<br \/>\nsont tr\u00e8s populaires \u00e0 Ottawa et elles<br \/>\ncommencent \u00e0 prendre de l\u2019ampleur dans les<br \/>\ncapitales provinciales. Les Journ\u00e9es sur la<br \/>\nColline, comme les appellent les initi\u00e9s, sont<br \/>\nl\u2019occasion pour l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe d&rsquo;une organisation,<br \/>\ny compris ses dirigeants, de se rendre sur la<br \/>\nColline du Parlement pour rencontrer le plus<br \/>\ngrand nombre possible de d\u00e9put\u00e9s afin de<br \/>\nfaire valoir certaines questions sur lesquelles<br \/>\nils aimeraient que le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<br \/>\nprenne des mesures. <\/p>\n<p>En f\u00e9vrier 2018, l\u2019ICE a organis\u00e9 et tenu sa<br \/>\ntoute premi\u00e8re Journ\u00e9e sur la Colline, qui a<br \/>\npermis aux membres du Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats d\u2019Ottawa de rencontrer huit<br \/>\nd\u00e9put\u00e9s. Les principaux objectifs \u00e9taient de<br \/>\npr\u00e9senter l\u2019ICE et le r\u00f4le important que jouent<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs tant dans le secteur immobilier<br \/>\nque dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne. Comme<br \/>\nil s\u2019agissait d\u2019une premi\u00e8re pour l\u2019ICE, nous<br \/>\nvoulions nous assurer que personne ne soit<br \/>\nsubmerg\u00e9 d\u2019informations et que tout le monde<br \/>\nsaisisse clairement notre message.  <\/p>\n<p>Ce fut une excellente occasion de faire<br \/>\nla connaissance de l\u00e9gislateurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux<br \/>\nafin de nous assurer que les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nsoient inclus dans les discussions sur<br \/>\nl\u2019immobilier et de cr\u00e9er des relations<br \/>\nqui pourraient \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour les<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE et pour la protection du<br \/>\npublic. Suite au succ\u00e8s de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement<br \/>\ninaugural, des repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019ICE de<br \/>\npartout au pays sont revenus \u00e0 Ottawa pour<br \/>\nla deuxi\u00e8me Journ\u00e9e annuelle sur la Colline<br \/>\ndu Parlement de l\u2019ICE, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2019.<br \/>\nCette ann\u00e9e, nous avons plus que doubl\u00e9 le<br \/>\nnombre de rencontres que nous avions eues<br \/>\nen 2018, organisant pr\u00e8s de 20 rencontres <\/p>\n<p>avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s et d\u2019autres repr\u00e9sentants<br \/>\ndu gouvernement.     <\/p>\n<p>En plus de pr\u00e9senter l\u2019ICE et le r\u00f4le des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs dans les activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res,<br \/>\nnous avons \u00e9galement approch\u00e9 les<br \/>\nl\u00e9gislateurs avec les trois questions et<br \/>\nrecommandations suivantes :<br \/>\n1. Appliquer des lignes directrices prudentes <\/p>\n<p>\u00e0 toutes les entit\u00e9s de pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire<br \/>\nafin d\u2019assurer l\u2019uniformit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9<br \/>\nde l\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques li\u00e9s aux pr\u00eats<br \/>\ndans l\u2019ensemble du pays. Ces lignes<br \/>\ndirectrices devraient \u00eatre fond\u00e9es sur<br \/>\ndeux principes fondamentaux : un examen<br \/>\nattentif de la solvabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019emprunteur et<br \/>\nde la valeur de la garantie. <\/p>\n<p>2. Exemption des renouvellements<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires de l\u2019application de la<br \/>\nsimulation de crise en vertu des lignes<br \/>\ndirectrices B20 (Pratiques et proc\u00e9dures<br \/>\nde souscription des pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentiels, sous l\u2019\u00e9gide du Bureau du<br \/>\nsurintendant des institutions financi\u00e8res). <\/p>\n<p>3. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral devrait<br \/>\nentreprendre une campagne de<br \/>\nsensibilisation afin d\u2019informer les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taires des effets n\u00e9fastes que les <\/p>\n<p>(G-D) Nicholas Ruta, AACI, P.App; Keith Lancastle, AACI(Hon.); Candice Bergen, MP; et Brett<br \/>\nGarnett, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 52 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FENSE<\/p>\n<p>op\u00e9rations de culture \u00e0 domicile peuvent<br \/>\navoir sur la valeur de leur maison. <\/p>\n<p>Les principaux objectifs de ces trois<br \/>\nquestions sont la protection du public et<br \/>\nl\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des consommateurs. Ces questions<br \/>\nexigent \u00e9galement les connaissances et<br \/>\nl\u2019expertise des membres de l\u2019ICE.  <\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9dition 2019 de la Journ\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nla Colline a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 un succ\u00e8s et nous<br \/>\npr\u00e9voyons de poursuivre l\u2019an prochain,<br \/>\nquelques mois seulement apr\u00e8s les \u00e9lections<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rales d\u2019octobre 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Pour voir des photos des r\u00e9unions<br \/>\nauxquelles ont particip\u00e9 des membres de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et des d\u00e9put\u00e9s, veuillez visiter notre<br \/>\npage Twitter @AIC_Canada.  <\/p>\n<p>Faits saillants 2018 <\/p>\n<p>Bien que les efforts de promotion de nos<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats pour 2019 soient d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours, nous<br \/>\nvoulions donner aux lecteurs un aper\u00e7u des<br \/>\nfaits saillants et des r\u00e9alisations de l\u2019an dernier<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale, ainsi que des efforts<br \/>\nimpressionnants des associations provinciales : <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Journ\u00e9e sur la Colline du Parlement de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE. Il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une premi\u00e8re pour<br \/>\nl\u2019association, qui a continu\u00e9 d\u2019accro\u00eetre<br \/>\nses efforts de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats et sa<br \/>\npr\u00e9sence sur la sc\u00e8ne d\u2019Ottawa.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Journ\u00e9e \u00e0 Queen\u2019s Park. En plus de<br \/>\nrencontrer les d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e0 Ottawa, l\u2019ICE-<br \/>\nNational a appuy\u00e9 l\u2019ICE-Ontario en<br \/>\norganisant une journ\u00e9e de rencontres<br \/>\navec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s provinciaux \u00e0<br \/>\nToronto. Une vingtaine de r\u00e9unions ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9es, ce qui a permis aux<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE-Ontario, surtout avec<br \/>\nl\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un nouveau gouvernement,<br \/>\nde parler de leur r\u00f4le dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re de l\u2019Ontario. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Huis-clos sur le budget f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Suite<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019invitation de Finances Canada, l\u2019ICE<br \/>\na assist\u00e9 \u00e0 son deuxi\u00e8me huis-clos<br \/>\ncons\u00e9cutif sur le budget f\u00e9d\u00e9ral en f\u00e9vrier<br \/>\n2018. Cela a permis \u00e0 l\u2019ICE d\u2019examiner<br \/>\nle budget avant qu\u2019il ne soit d\u00e9pos\u00e9 et<br \/>\nrendu public par le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des<br \/>\nFinances \u00e0 la Chambre des communes. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Consultations du gouvernement<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, l\u2019ICE-<\/p>\n<p>National a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 cinq m\u00e9moires au<br \/>\ngouvernement\/organismes f\u00e9d\u00e9raux et<br \/>\naux comit\u00e9s parlementaires. Cela incluait<br \/>\ndes consultations sur le budget 2018 avec<br \/>\nle Comit\u00e9 des finances et le ministre des<br \/>\nFinances, ainsi que des consultations<br \/>\nsur le blanchiment d\u2019argent et les pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires syndiqu\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 R\u00e9unions. L\u2019ICE a tenu environ 25<br \/>\nr\u00e9unions avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9raux,<br \/>\ndes minist\u00e8res et organismes f\u00e9d\u00e9raux,<br \/>\ndont Finances Canada, la SCHL, le<br \/>\nBureau du surintendant des institutions<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8res et plus encore.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Lignes directrices de souscription<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caire prudente. Les efforts<br \/>\nde d\u00e9fense de nos int\u00e9r\u00eats dans<br \/>\nl\u2019application de lignes directrices de<br \/>\nsouscription prudentes \u00e0 toutes les<br \/>\nentit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9dit hypoth\u00e9caire ont port\u00e9<br \/>\nfruit au Qu\u00e9bec, alors que l\u2019organisme<br \/>\nde r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re a mis en<br \/>\n\u0153uvre des changements r\u00e9cents aux<br \/>\nlignes directrices B20 du Bureau du<br \/>\nsurintendant des institutions financi\u00e8res.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Politique de l\u2019ICE sur le cannabis. L\u2019ICE<br \/>\na obtenu des conseils du Commissariat<br \/>\n\u00e0 la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e du<br \/>\nCanada sur les questions relatives \u00e0 la<br \/>\nl\u00e9galisation du cannabis.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 ICE-BC au Comit\u00e9 des finances. Le<br \/>\nlundi 24 septembre 2018, l\u2019ICE-BC a<br \/>\ncomparu devant le Comit\u00e9 permanent<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cial des finances et des services<br \/>\ngouvernementaux de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e<br \/>\nl\u00e9gislative de la Colombie-Britannique.<br \/>\nLes questions du Comit\u00e9 portaient sur les<br \/>\npr\u00eats secondaires et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es.   <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 R\u00e8glement sur les condominiums<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE-Alberta. Depuis l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2017,<br \/>\nles repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019ICE-Alberta<br \/>\nparticipent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de nouveaux<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements sur les condominiums<br \/>\nen Alberta, en particulier ceux qui<br \/>\nconcernent les \u00e9tudes sur les fonds<br \/>\nde r\u00e9serve. Le gouvernement de<br \/>\nl\u2019Alberta envisageait d\u2019\u00e9tablir une liste<br \/>\nde professionnels qui seraient autoris\u00e9s<br \/>\n\u00e0 effectuer des \u00e9tudes sur les fonds de<br \/>\nr\u00e9serve dans la province. L\u2019ICE-Alberta <\/p>\n<p>a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 trois m\u00e9moires au cours<br \/>\ndu processus de consultation, dont<br \/>\nun au ministre responsable de la<br \/>\nr\u00e9glementation, et nos repr\u00e9sentants<br \/>\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s \u00e0 participer \u00e0 deux<br \/>\ntables rondes. Le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2018,<br \/>\nle gouvernement de l\u2019Alberta a publi\u00e9<br \/>\nces nouveaux r\u00e8glements, et seule<br \/>\nune poign\u00e9e de professionnels, dont<br \/>\ndes membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s AACI, y ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 inscrits. Ces nouveaux r\u00e8glements<br \/>\nentreront en vigueur le 1er janvier 2020. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 ICE-Manitoba fournit des<br \/>\nconnaissances sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es.<br \/>\nICE-Manitoba s\u2019est associ\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nWinnipegREALTORS\u00ae pour fournir<br \/>\naux intervenants l\u2019information<br \/>\ndont ils ont besoin afin de prendre<br \/>\ndes d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es en ce qui<br \/>\nconcerne l\u2019am\u00e9nagement intercalaire<br \/>\n\u00e0 Winnipeg. En fait, ICE-Manitoba a<br \/>\nr\u00e9dig\u00e9 un rapport et a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au<br \/>\nComit\u00e9 permanent de l\u2019urbanisme<br \/>\net de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du Conseil<br \/>\nmunicipal de Winnipeg un expos\u00e9 sur<br \/>\nles r\u00e9percussions de la valeur sur<br \/>\nles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s existantes entourant<br \/>\nles r\u00e9cents projets d\u2019am\u00e9nagement<br \/>\nintercalaire. Ce partenariat offre<br \/>\nune bonne visibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ICE et \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nmembres et les positionne comme<br \/>\nexperts de l\u2019industrie et comme les<br \/>\nmeilleurs professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re au Canada. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;avenir, le Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019ICE continuera \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gies et \u00e0 tirer parti de l\u2019\u00e9lan qui s\u2019est<br \/>\ncr\u00e9\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, tout<br \/>\nen continuant \u00e0 se faire un nom aupr\u00e8s du<br \/>\ngouvernement et des autres associations du<br \/>\nsecteur immobilier. <\/p>\n<p>Comme toujours, si les membres ont<br \/>\nd\u2019autres questions qui n\u00e9cessitent l\u2019attention<br \/>\ndu comit\u00e9, ils peuvent communiquer avec<br \/>\nleur repr\u00e9sentant provincial, avec Adam<br \/>\nDickinson, AACI, P. App., pr\u00e9sident du Comit\u00e9<br \/>\nde d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats, \u00e0 adickinson@<br \/>\npropertyappraisal.ca,  ou avec Andre<br \/>\nHannoush, directeur, Affaires publiques, \u00e0<br \/>\nandreh@aicanada.ca. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 53Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>You have a Bachelor Of Commerce <\/p>\n<p>(Honours) degree from Laurentian <\/p>\n<p>University. You followed that up <\/p>\n<p>by working your way through the <\/p>\n<p>Post-Graduate Certificate in Real <\/p>\n<p>Property Valuation (PGCV) program <\/p>\n<p>at UBC. What led you into the field <\/p>\n<p>of real estate appraisal?<\/p>\n<p>TC: My intension was to pursue a<br \/>\nmanagement accounting designation<br \/>\nafter completing my post secondary<br \/>\ndegree. However, while having second<br \/>\nthoughts about that career path in my<br \/>\nfinal year of university, I was introduced<br \/>\nto real estate appraisal by my friend<br \/>\nwhose dad was an AACI with a local<br \/>\nappraisal firm that was looking to<br \/>\nexpand. It all unfolded from there.<\/p>\n<p>What is your current position with <\/p>\n<p>Appraisals North Realty Inc. and <\/p>\n<p>what does your job entail?<\/p>\n<p>TC: After over a decade with another<br \/>\nlocal firm, I joined Appraisals North<br \/>\nRealty Inc. in February of 2018 as a staff<br \/>\nappraiser. My intention is to move into a<br \/>\npartnership position in the near future.<br \/>\nThe company was founded in 1991 and<br \/>\ncurrently has three AACIs, one CRA,<br \/>\nand three Candidate members. We are<br \/>\na full service real estate firm providing<br \/>\nappraisal, consulting and real estate <\/p>\n<p>sales services in a geographical area that<br \/>\nincludes most of North Eastern Ontario.<\/p>\n<p>Are there specific areas of real <\/p>\n<p>estate appraisal in which you <\/p>\n<p>personally specialize or would  <\/p>\n<p>like to focus on in the future?<\/p>\n<p>TC: The bulk of my work consists of<br \/>\nmainstream commercial, industrial<br \/>\nand multi-family properties. I have<br \/>\nalso done a fair number of special use<br \/>\ninstitutional properties, such as schools<br \/>\nand places of worship. In the future, I<br \/>\nwould like to focus more on easements<br \/>\nand expropriation valuation, which is<br \/>\nsomething that I have experience in. <\/p>\n<p>You are also a fully licensed <\/p>\n<p>real estate sales representative <\/p>\n<p>and a member of the Canadian, <\/p>\n<p>Ontario and Sudbury Real Estate <\/p>\n<p>Associations. What prompted that <\/p>\n<p>aspect of your career development <\/p>\n<p>and how does that mesh with the <\/p>\n<p>appraisal work that you do?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Getting my real estate license<br \/>\nseemed to be a good fit and the next<br \/>\nlogical step in my career progression.<br \/>\nAppraisals and sales really go hand<br \/>\nin hand and going through the<br \/>\neducational processes in obtaining my<br \/>\nlicense gave me a better understanding <\/p>\n<p>of the sales side of things, specifically<br \/>\nthe information included in a sale or<br \/>\nlease agreement and how to interpret<br \/>\nthis data. It also made it easier to<br \/>\nconverse with real estate agents and<br \/>\ncollect information on comparable<br \/>\nsales and leases.<\/p>\n<p>How much of your work is <\/p>\n<p>appraisal related and how  <\/p>\n<p>much involves real estate sales?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Real estate sales is not something<br \/>\nthat I focus on, nor is it something<br \/>\nthat I really promote. In the past, my<br \/>\nformer partners and I had contracts<br \/>\nfor exclusive sales representation and<br \/>\nappraisal services for corporate clients,<br \/>\nbut, even then, the appraisal side of the<br \/>\nbusiness was the bulk of my work.<\/p>\n<p>How do you balance the  <\/p>\n<p>two and are there challenges  <\/p>\n<p>or advantages in doing so?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Balancing them can be a challenge.<br \/>\nThe turnaround time requirements for<br \/>\nappraisal work is often relatively short<br \/>\nand seems to be tightening in recent<br \/>\nyears, so scheduling is a must. When<br \/>\nwe have clients looking for real estate<br \/>\nsales services, it makes it difficult to<br \/>\nschedule work knowing that we might<br \/>\nhave an unexpected request for a <\/p>\n<p>Tyler Cockburn, AACI, P.App<br \/>\nTime management skills<br \/>\nand diversified service are<br \/>\nkeys to career success<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 54 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT<\/p>\n<p>showing. It is not uncommon for me to<br \/>\nwork a full day in the office and then<br \/>\nspend a couple of hours on appraisal<br \/>\nbusiness in my home at night. If you<br \/>\nthrow sales into the mix, you can work<br \/>\nsome very long days. One advantage of<br \/>\nbalancing the two is that we are able to<br \/>\noffer both services to our clients and be<br \/>\na full-service real estate firm.<\/p>\n<p>What do you enjoy most  <\/p>\n<p>about the work that you do?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I truly enjoy the fact that every day is<br \/>\ndifferent. One day, I might be reviewing<br \/>\nan office complex or a portfolio of<br \/>\nschool buildings, and the next I might<br \/>\nbe inspecting 200 acres of vacant land.<br \/>\nI like the variety of work, the unique<br \/>\nchallenges with each assignment, and<br \/>\nthe opportunity to get out into the field <\/p>\n<p>on a regular basis, as opposed to sitting<br \/>\nbehind a desk all day. As well, my job as<br \/>\nan appraiser has enabled me to travel to<br \/>\nsome unique places, such as remote fly-in<br \/>\nfirst nation communities, and to meet<br \/>\ngreat people along the way. Neither might<br \/>\nhave been possible otherwise. <\/p>\n<p>What are the biggest challenges  <\/p>\n<p>you face day in and day out?<\/p>\n<p>TC: The biggest challenge involves<br \/>\ntime management and scheduling.<br \/>\nWe often deal with relatively short<br \/>\nturnaround times on multiple files, or<br \/>\nget calls for rush appraisals, so we are<br \/>\nconstantly reworking our schedules to<br \/>\nmeet client needs. Another significant<br \/>\nchallenge is meeting client expectations<br \/>\nregarding value. We are often faced with<br \/>\nexpectations for increasing values or <\/p>\n<p>with clients needing to reach a specific<br \/>\nvalue for one reason or another, so we are<br \/>\nfaced with the challenge of satisfying the<br \/>\nclient while still maintaining our ethical<br \/>\nand moral obligations outlined within our<br \/>\nprofessional standards. <\/p>\n<p>How do you go about  <\/p>\n<p>meeting those challenges?<\/p>\n<p>TC: From a timing perspective, I often<br \/>\nschedule my week and outline the specific<br \/>\ntasks that are required to meet the<br \/>\ndeadlines for the jobs I have at any given<br \/>\ntime. If I get a call for a rush job, I will<br \/>\neither rework my schedule, commit to<br \/>\nputting in extra hours, or turn down the<br \/>\njob. Turning work away is not something<br \/>\nthat we like doing, however, we would<br \/>\nrather be up front with the client than say<br \/>\nwe can meet a deadline and under deliver.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 55Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT<\/p>\n<p>With respect to meeting the<br \/>\nvalue expectations of the client, I like<br \/>\nto get an idea of these expectations<br \/>\nprior to accepting an assignment.<br \/>\nOne of the benefits of having over a<br \/>\ndecade operating within a specific<br \/>\ngeographical area is that you have<br \/>\na good grasp of the market, and can<br \/>\ntell relatively quickly if a client has<br \/>\nunrealistic expectations. I have also<br \/>\nlearned that it is better to review an<br \/>\nappraisal request prior to acceptance,<br \/>\nas you might be better off to decline<br \/>\nthe engagement and save time and<br \/>\nheadaches in the long run. If we do<br \/>\nface a situation where we have not met<br \/>\nvalue expectations after completion<br \/>\nof an appraisal assignment, then we<br \/>\nmake sure that we take the time to fully<br \/>\nexplain the reasoning for the conclusion<br \/>\nin the report. <\/p>\n<p>Going forward, what  <\/p>\n<p>are your career aspirations?<\/p>\n<p>TC: My goal is to have a prosperous,<br \/>\nlengthy and meaningful career<br \/>\nwithin the appraisal industry, as<br \/>\nwell as to achieve and maintain a<br \/>\nreputation for providing quality, useful<br \/>\nwork products. I would also like to<br \/>\ncontinue contributing towards the<br \/>\nprogression of the Appraisal Institute<br \/>\nof Canada through volunteer positions<br \/>\nat various levels and eventually<br \/>\nthrough mentorship of the next<br \/>\ngeneration of appraisers.<\/p>\n<p>What would you say  <\/p>\n<p>motivates you to succeed?<\/p>\n<p>TC: My biggest motivation is to<br \/>\nprovide a comfortable life for my<br \/>\nfamily. I was fortunate to grow up<br \/>\nin an environment where I never<br \/>\nwent without and was provided with<br \/>\nopportunities not available to most<br \/>\npeople as a result of the hard work of<br \/>\nmy parents, which I hope to be able to<br \/>\nprovide for my children. I have also had<br \/>\nmany individuals that have given me<br \/>\nsignificant opportunities and spent a <\/p>\n<p>lot of time and effort helping me get to<br \/>\nwhere I am today. I see my success as a<br \/>\nway of showing them that I am grateful<br \/>\nfor what they have done for me and that<br \/>\nI have not squandered the opportunities<br \/>\nthat were bestowed upon me.<\/p>\n<p>What are the biggest challenges <\/p>\n<p>you see facing the appraisal <\/p>\n<p>profession in general?<\/p>\n<p>TC: One of the biggest challenges<br \/>\nthat we face is a lack of awareness<br \/>\nor lack of knowledge of the appraisal<br \/>\nprofession by the general population. I<br \/>\nspeak to people who have never heard<br \/>\nof the Appraisal Institute of Canada,<br \/>\nknow what appraisers actually do,<br \/>\nor realize the significant value that<br \/>\nappraisers bring to the table. I also<br \/>\nsee the aging population of appraisers,<br \/>\nespecially those who hold the AACI<br \/>\ndesignation. Many of the communities<br \/>\nthat I operate within are underserviced<br \/>\nor will soon lose a number of<br \/>\nappraisers to retirement. There is a<br \/>\nhealthy group of younger appraisers,<br \/>\nhowever, the middle-aged group is<br \/>\nrelatively small. Although there are<br \/>\nand will continue to be significant<br \/>\nopportunities for young appraisers<br \/>\nsuch as myself, there is an invaluable<br \/>\nwealth of knowledge that will be lost as<br \/>\nthe older appraisers start to retire.<\/p>\n<p>What are the biggest challenges <\/p>\n<p>facing people entering the <\/p>\n<p>appraisal profession?<\/p>\n<p>TC: One of the biggest challenges is<br \/>\nfinding a mentor who is willing to take<br \/>\nthe time to train a Candidate. Taking<br \/>\non a Candidate is a big commitment<br \/>\nand something that is not for everyone.<br \/>\nRecent discussions with some<br \/>\nCandidates indicate that compensation<br \/>\nand income levels are challenging,<br \/>\nsomething to which I can certainly<br \/>\nattest, as there is a relatively steep<br \/>\nlearning curve in the first couple of<br \/>\nyears on the job. Fortunately, the payoff<br \/>\nis worth it in the end. <\/p>\n<p>If you could change anything <\/p>\n<p>about the real estate appraisal <\/p>\n<p>profession, as it exists today, what <\/p>\n<p>would that be?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I would like to see the profession<br \/>\ngain increased exposure to the<br \/>\ngeneral public and hope that we, as an<br \/>\nassociation, can continue to promote<br \/>\nthe significant value of our services.<br \/>\nMany times I have talked to people and<br \/>\nsaid \u201cyou really should have called me<br \/>\nbefore the completion of a transaction<br \/>\nbecause you paid a little too much,\u201d or<br \/>\n\u201cyou spent too much on your renovation<br \/>\nand spent money in the wrong places.\u201d<br \/>\nFrom an association standpoint, I think<br \/>\nthere should be more emphasis on<br \/>\nevaluating the quality of the mentorship<br \/>\nprovided to our Candidates. We seem<br \/>\nto be stuck on this notion that capping<br \/>\nthe number of Candidates a designated<br \/>\nmember can mentor is more important<br \/>\nthan the quality of the mentorship being<br \/>\nprovided. I think we need to establish<br \/>\na better system for evaluating mentors<br \/>\nrather than dictating how many<br \/>\nCandidates a mentor can take on.  <\/p>\n<p>Who has helped you  <\/p>\n<p>on your career journey in a <\/p>\n<p>mentorship capacity and  <\/p>\n<p>what has been their impact?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I achieved my AACI designation<br \/>\nunder the mentorship of Duncan Bell,<br \/>\nH.B.Comm, AACI, P. App., who eventually<br \/>\nbecame one of my former business<br \/>\npartners. With respect to Duncan, it<br \/>\nalways felt as though the mentorship<br \/>\nwas of greater importance than the<br \/>\nfinancial aspect, which is not always the<br \/>\ncase. He also took the time to explain<br \/>\nthings rather than simply providing me<br \/>\nwith answers to get the job done. He<br \/>\nwould always question and challenge<br \/>\nme to find the answer, while sometimes<br \/>\nnudging me in the right direction. This<br \/>\ntaught me to not always look at things<br \/>\nfrom the obvious perspective, which<br \/>\nundoubtedly benefits me as I progress<br \/>\nthroughout my career.  <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 56 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Why did you feel it was important <\/p>\n<p>to achieve your AACI designation?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I felt that achieving the AACI<br \/>\ndesignation was the only option for<br \/>\nme because it is so well regarded in<br \/>\nthe industry and is a requirement of<br \/>\nmost of the organizations that utilize<br \/>\nappraisal services.<\/p>\n<p>Was the designation process <\/p>\n<p>longer or shorter than you had <\/p>\n<p>expected?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I started as a Candidate in 2007,<br \/>\nso it took me about 4 \u00bd years to earn<br \/>\nmy designation. When I first started, I<br \/>\nexpected that I would have progressed<br \/>\nthrough the designation process<br \/>\nmuch quicker than I did, as I was only<br \/>\nrequired to have two years of applied<br \/>\nexperience along with the completion<br \/>\nof the educational requirements before<br \/>\nbeing eligible for designation. But with<br \/>\nthe demands of work and life, it took a<br \/>\nlittle longer.<\/p>\n<p>What challenges  <\/p>\n<p>did the designation process <\/p>\n<p>present for you from both  <\/p>\n<p>a work and personal perspective?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Balancing the educational<br \/>\nrequirements of the designation<br \/>\nprocess was a challenge, especially<br \/>\nwhile being employed on a commission<br \/>\nbasis. As a young appraiser, it was<br \/>\ndifficult to dedicate time to course work<br \/>\nknowing that you could be using that<br \/>\ntime to make money. Out of necessity,<br \/>\nthere were times where I had to push<br \/>\ncourses to a later date or incur financial<br \/>\npenalties for late assignments.<\/p>\n<p>From your own personal <\/p>\n<p>experience, how would you <\/p>\n<p>evaluate the designation process?<\/p>\n<p>TC: With the exception of the time<br \/>\ncommitment requirements, I did not<br \/>\nfind the process all that difficult,<br \/>\nwhich may be a result of the quality<br \/>\nof the training I received throughout<br \/>\nmy mentorship period. When I was <\/p>\n<p>THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT<\/p>\n<p>going through the process, you were<br \/>\nnot required to submit work product<br \/>\nfor review, which has since changed.<br \/>\nI think this is an important aspect of<br \/>\nthe process as it allows a Candidate to<br \/>\nget feedback from an unbiased third<br \/>\nparty and also allows the association<br \/>\nto gauge the quality of the mentorship<br \/>\nbeing provided.<\/p>\n<p>How do you feel the process <\/p>\n<p>prepared you to meet the <\/p>\n<p>challenges of your career?<\/p>\n<p>TC: The process prepared me well for<br \/>\nthe challenges of an appraisal career.<br \/>\nAnd while the course content provides<br \/>\na solid foundation of appraisal theory<br \/>\nand methodologies, I believe that the<br \/>\nquality of mentorship I received played<br \/>\na significant role in my ability to meet<br \/>\nthese challenges.<\/p>\n<p>Looking back, was there anything <\/p>\n<p>you would have done differently <\/p>\n<p>throughout the process?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I certainly would have attended<br \/>\nprovincial and national conferences<br \/>\nearlier in my career. Meeting other<br \/>\nappraisers and making connections at<br \/>\nthese events can be of great value to<br \/>\nCandidates establishing themselves in<br \/>\nthe profession.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to your busy career, <\/p>\n<p>you are currently an executive <\/p>\n<p>committee member with the <\/p>\n<p>Sudbury\/Sault Ste. Marie Chapter <\/p>\n<p>of AIC Canada. How did this  <\/p>\n<p>type of volunteer involvement <\/p>\n<p>come about?<\/p>\n<p>TC: There was a need for volunteers<br \/>\nand I decided to get involved. For my<br \/>\ncurrent position as Region 7 Director<br \/>\non the Board of AIC-ON, my name was<br \/>\nput forward by an outgoing director<br \/>\nand I willingly accepted when contacted<br \/>\nby the association. Although I had not<br \/>\nset out to take on these positions, I am<br \/>\nextremely glad that I was given these<br \/>\nopportunities. I have met so many great <\/p>\n<p>people throughout the process and<br \/>\nlearned more about our association<br \/>\nthan I otherwise would have. I look<br \/>\nforward to more of these opportunities<br \/>\nin the future.<\/p>\n<p>Do you see this kind of involvement <\/p>\n<p>as an important part of an <\/p>\n<p>appraiser\u2019s career development? <\/p>\n<p>TC: This kind of involvement helps build<br \/>\nyour network and expand your resource<br \/>\nbase. The people you meet through<br \/>\nvolunteering on boards and committees<br \/>\nexpose you to different aspects of the<br \/>\nprofession and they become a source of<br \/>\ninformation and reciprocating referrals.<br \/>\nThe experience also gives you a better<br \/>\nunderstanding of the challenges faced<br \/>\nby our association and profession, and it<br \/>\nexposes you to a number of individuals<br \/>\nmaking significant contributions to our<br \/>\nindustry. Although there is a great deal<br \/>\nof work involved in holding these types<br \/>\nof positions, I can assure you that there<br \/>\nare also significant benefits which make<br \/>\nit all worthwhile. <\/p>\n<p>Do you have any suggestions for <\/p>\n<p>people entering the appraisal <\/p>\n<p>profession?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Make sure that you find a mentor<br \/>\nwho is a good fit for you. Although<br \/>\nthis may take some time and prove<br \/>\nto be a challenge, it will pay off in the<br \/>\nlong run and set you up for a long and<br \/>\nrewarding career, if you are willing<br \/>\nto put in the time. Also, take the time<br \/>\nto understand the significance of the<br \/>\nwork that appraisers do and resist the<br \/>\nurge as a \u2018green appraiser\u2019 to give into<br \/>\nthe pressure of predetermined value<br \/>\nexpectations imposed by clients in an<br \/>\neffort to satisfy their needs.<\/p>\n<p>How do you spend your personal <\/p>\n<p>time away from work?<\/p>\n<p>TC: I enjoy spending time with my wife<br \/>\nand two children, weekends at the<br \/>\ncottage, fishing, hunting and taking on<br \/>\nhome renovation projects. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 57Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Vous \u00eates titulaire d\u2019un baccalaur\u00e9at <\/p>\n<p>en commerce (avec distinction) <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laurentienne. Vous <\/p>\n<p>avez ensuite suivi le programme <\/p>\n<p>de Post-Graduate Certificate in <\/p>\n<p>Real Property Valuation (certificat <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en \u00e9valuation <\/p>\n<p>immobili\u00e8re) (PGCV-CESEI) de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie-<\/p>\n<p>Britannique (U.C.-B.). Qu\u2019est-ce qui <\/p>\n<p>vous a amen\u00e9 dans le domaine de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Mon intention \u00e9tait d\u2019obtenir une<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation de comptable en gestion<br \/>\nd\u2019entreprise apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu mon<br \/>\ndipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00e9tudes postsecondaires.<br \/>\nCependant, tout en ayant des doutes sur<br \/>\nce cheminement de carri\u00e8re au cours de<br \/>\nma derni\u00e8re ann\u00e9e d\u2019universit\u00e9, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\niniti\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re par mon<br \/>\nami dont le p\u00e8re \u00e9tait un AACI d\u2019une firme<br \/>\nlocale d\u2019\u00e9valuation qui cherchait \u00e0 se<br \/>\nd\u00e9velopper. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que tout a commenc\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Quel est votre poste actuel chez <\/p>\n<p>Appraisals North Realty Inc. et en <\/p>\n<p>quoi consiste votre travail ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Apr\u00e8s avoir travaill\u00e9 plus de dix<br \/>\nans pour une autre firme locale, je me<br \/>\nsuis joint \u00e0 Appraisals North Realty<br \/>\nInc. en f\u00e9vrier 2018 \u00e0 titre d\u2019\u00e9valuateur.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai l\u2019intention d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 un poste <\/p>\n<p>de partenaire dans un proche avenir.<br \/>\nL\u2019entreprise a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 1991 et<br \/>\ncompte actuellement trois AACI, un<br \/>\nCRA et trois membres stagiaires. Nous<br \/>\nsommes une firme immobili\u00e8re offrant<br \/>\ndes services complets d\u2019\u00e9valuation, de<br \/>\nconsultation et de vente immobili\u00e8re dans<br \/>\nune r\u00e9gion g\u00e9ographique qui couvre la<br \/>\nmajorit\u00e9 de l\u2019est du Nord de l\u2019Ontario. <\/p>\n<p>Y a-t-il des domaines  <\/p>\n<p>sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019\u00e9valuation <\/p>\n<p>immobili\u00e8re dans lesquels vous  <\/p>\n<p>vous sp\u00e9cialisez personnellement  <\/p>\n<p>ou sur lesquels vous aimeriez  <\/p>\n<p>vous concentrer \u00e0 l\u2019avenir ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: La majeure partie de mon travail<br \/>\nporte sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s commerciales,<br \/>\nindustrielles et multifamiliales ordinaires.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai aussi \u00e9valu\u00e9 un bon nombre de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s institutionnelles \u00e0 vocation<br \/>\nsp\u00e9ciale, comme des \u00e9coles et des<br \/>\nlieux de culte. \u00c0 l\u2019avenir, j\u2019aimerais me<br \/>\nconcentrer davantage sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nservitudes et des expropriations, ce que<br \/>\nj\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait. <\/p>\n<p>Vous \u00eates \u00e9galement un <\/p>\n<p>repr\u00e9sentant immobilier titulaire <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019un permis d\u2019exercice et membre <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019Association canadienne de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019immeuble, de l\u2019Association <\/p>\n<p>immobili\u00e8re de l\u2019Ontario et de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019Association immobili\u00e8re de <\/p>\n<p>Sudbury. Qu\u2019est-ce qui a motiv\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>cet aspect de votre d\u00e9veloppement <\/p>\n<p>de carri\u00e8re et comment cela <\/p>\n<p>s\u2019harmonise-t-il avec le travail <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019\u00e9valuation que vous faites ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: L\u2019obtention de mon permis d\u2019agent<br \/>\nimmobilier m\u2019a sembl\u00e9 \u00eatre une bonne<br \/>\nsolution et la prochaine \u00e9tape logique<br \/>\ndans ma progression de carri\u00e8re. Les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations et les ventes vont vraiment de<br \/>\npair et le fait de passer par les processus<br \/>\n\u00e9ducatifs pour obtenir mon permis m\u2019a<br \/>\namen\u00e9 \u00e0 mieux comprendre le c\u00f4t\u00e9 vente<br \/>\ndes choses, en particulier l\u2019information<br \/>\nincluse dans un contrat de vente ou de<br \/>\nlocation et comment interpr\u00e9ter ces<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es. Cela a \u00e9galement facilit\u00e9 les<br \/>\n\u00e9changes avec les agents immobiliers et<br \/>\nla collecte d\u2019informations sur des ventes<br \/>\net baux comparables. <\/p>\n<p>Quelle est la part de votre  <\/p>\n<p>travail qui est li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation  <\/p>\n<p>et quelle est celle qui concerne  <\/p>\n<p>la vente de biens immobiliers ?<\/p>\n<p>TC: La vente immobili\u00e8re n\u2019est pas un<br \/>\ndomaine sur lequel je me concentre, et<br \/>\nce n\u2019est pas vraiment quelque chose dont<br \/>\nje fais la promotion. Dans le pass\u00e9, mes<br \/>\nanciens associ\u00e9s et moi-m\u00eame avions des <\/p>\n<p>Tyler Cockburn, AACI, P.App<br \/>\nLa gestion du temps et le<br \/>\nservice diversifi\u00e9 sont la<br \/>\ncl\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ussite<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 58 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>contrats de repr\u00e9sentation commerciale<br \/>\nexclusive et des services d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\npour les entreprises clientes, mais,<br \/>\nm\u00eame \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, l\u2019aspect \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde l\u2019entreprise constituait l\u2019essentiel de<br \/>\nmon travail.<\/p>\n<p>Comment concilier les  <\/p>\n<p>deux et y a-t-il des d\u00e9fis  <\/p>\n<p>ou des avantages \u00e0 le faire ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Il peut \u00eatre difficile de trouver un<br \/>\njuste \u00e9quilibre entre les deux. Les d\u00e9lais<br \/>\nd\u2019ex\u00e9cution des travaux d\u2019\u00e9valuation sont<br \/>\nsouvent relativement courts et semblent<br \/>\ns\u2019\u00eatre resserr\u00e9s encore davantage au<br \/>\ncours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, de sorte<br \/>\nqu\u2019il est essentiel d\u2019\u00e9tablir un calendrier.<br \/>\nLorsque nous avons des clients \u00e0<br \/>\nla recherche de services de vente<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re, il est difficile de planifier<br \/>\nle travail, sachant que nous pourrions<br \/>\navoir une demande inattendue pour faire<br \/>\nvisiter. Il n\u2019est pas rare que je travaille<br \/>\nune journ\u00e9e compl\u00e8te au bureau et<br \/>\nque je passe ensuite quelques heures<br \/>\n\u00e0 faire des \u00e9valuations \u00e0 la maison le<br \/>\nsoir. Si vous ajoutez les ventes \u00e0 cette<br \/>\ncombinaison, vous vous retrouvez avec<br \/>\nde tr\u00e8s longues journ\u00e9es de travail. L\u2019un<br \/>\ndes avantages de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre les <\/p>\n<p>deux est que nous sommes en mesure<br \/>\nd\u2019offrir les deux services \u00e0 nos clients<br \/>\net d\u2019\u00eatre une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re \u00e0<br \/>\nservice complet. <\/p>\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce qui vous pla\u00eet le plus <\/p>\n<p>dans le travail que vous faites ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019appr\u00e9cie vraiment le fait que<br \/>\nchaque jour est diff\u00e9rent. Un jour, je<br \/>\npasse en revue un complexe de bureaux<br \/>\nou un portefeuille de b\u00e2timents scolaires,<br \/>\net le lendemain, j\u2019inspecte 200 acres<br \/>\nde terrain vacant. J\u2019aime la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 du<br \/>\ntravail, les d\u00e9fis uniques de chaque<br \/>\ncontrat de service et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019aller<br \/>\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement sur le terrain, plut\u00f4t que<br \/>\nde rester assis \u00e0 un bureau toute la<br \/>\njourn\u00e9e. De plus, mon travail d\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nm\u2019a permis de me rendre dans des<br \/>\nendroits uniques, comme les collectivit\u00e9s<br \/>\n\u00e9loign\u00e9es des Premi\u00e8res nations, et de<br \/>\nrencontrer des gens formidables en cours<br \/>\nde route. Aucun des deux n\u2019aurait \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\npossible autrement. <\/p>\n<p>Quels sont les plus  <\/p>\n<p>grands d\u00e9fis auxquels vous  <\/p>\n<p>faites face au quotidien ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Le plus grand d\u00e9fi concerne la<br \/>\ngestion du temps et l\u2019ordonnancement <\/p>\n<p>des t\u00e2ches. Nous sommes souvent<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9lais d\u2019ex\u00e9cution<br \/>\nrelativement courts pour des dossiers<br \/>\nmultiples ou recevons des appels pour<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuations urgentes, ce qui nous<br \/>\noblige \u00e0 revoir constamment nos horaires<br \/>\npour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de nos<br \/>\nclients. Un autre d\u00e9fi important consiste<br \/>\n\u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux attentes des clients en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re de valeur. Nous sommes souvent<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9s \u00e0 des attentes de valeurs<br \/>\ncroissantes ou \u00e0 des clients qui ont besoin<br \/>\nd\u2019atteindre une valeur sp\u00e9cifique pour une<br \/>\nraison ou une autre. Nous sommes donc<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9s au d\u00e9fi de satisfaire le client<br \/>\ntout en maintenant nos obligations en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9thique et de morale d\u00e9crites<br \/>\ndans nos normes professionnelles. <\/p>\n<p>Comment faites-vous face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Du point de vue du calendrier,<br \/>\nje planifie souvent ma semaine et je<br \/>\nsouligne les t\u00e2ches pr\u00e9cises qui<br \/>\nsont n\u00e9cessaires pour respecter les<br \/>\n\u00e9ch\u00e9ances des t\u00e2ches que j\u2019ai \u00e0 accomplir<br \/>\n\u00e0 tout moment donn\u00e9. Si je re\u00e7ois un<br \/>\nappel pour un travail urgent, je remanie<br \/>\nmon horaire, je m\u2019engage \u00e0 faire des<br \/>\nheures suppl\u00e9mentaires ou je refuse le<br \/>\ntravail. Nous n\u2019aimons pas refuser du<br \/>\ntravail, mais nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons \u00eatre francs<br \/>\navec le client plut\u00f4t que de dire que nous<br \/>\npouvons respecter un d\u00e9lai et ne pas<br \/>\nlivrer \u00e0 temps.<\/p>\n<p>Pour ce qui est de r\u00e9pondre aux<br \/>\nattentes de valeur du client, j\u2019aime me<br \/>\nfaire une id\u00e9e de ces attentes avant<br \/>\nd\u2019accepter un contrat de service. L\u2019un des<br \/>\navantages d\u2019avoir plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie<br \/>\nd\u2019activit\u00e9 dans une zone g\u00e9ographique<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cifique est que vous avez une bonne<br \/>\nconnaissance du march\u00e9 et que vous<br \/>\npouvez dire assez rapidement si un client<br \/>\na des attentes irr\u00e9alistes. J\u2019ai \u00e9galement<br \/>\nappris qu\u2019il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019examiner une<br \/>\ndemande d\u2019\u00e9valuation avant de l\u2019accepter,<br \/>\ncar il serait peut-\u00eatre pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de<br \/>\nrefuser le contrat et d\u2019\u00e9conomiser du<br \/>\ntemps et des maux de t\u00eate \u00e0 long terme.<br \/>\nSi nous sommes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019AVENIR S\u2019ANNONCE BIEN<\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 59Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>situation o\u00f9 nous n\u2019avons pas r\u00e9pondu<br \/>\naux attentes en mati\u00e8re de valeur apr\u00e8s<br \/>\nl\u2019ach\u00e8vement d\u2019un contrat de service<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, nous nous assurons de<br \/>\nprendre le temps d\u2019expliquer en d\u00e9tail le<br \/>\nraisonnement qui sous-tend la conclusion<br \/>\ndans le rapport. <\/p>\n<p>Quelles sont vos aspirations <\/p>\n<p>professionnelles pour l\u2019avenir ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Mon objectif est d\u2019avoir une carri\u00e8re<br \/>\nprosp\u00e8re, longue et significative au<br \/>\nsein de l\u2019industrie de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, ainsi<br \/>\nque d\u2019atteindre et de maintenir une<br \/>\nr\u00e9putation de qualit\u00e9 et de produits de<br \/>\ntravail utiles. J\u2019aimerais \u00e9galement<br \/>\ncontinuer \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019avancement<br \/>\nde l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\n\u00e0 titre de b\u00e9n\u00e9vole \u00e0 divers niveaux et<br \/>\n\u00e9ventuellement par le mentorat de la<br \/>\nprochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs. <\/p>\n<p>Selon vous, qu\u2019est-ce  <\/p>\n<p>qui vous motive \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir ?<\/p>\n<p>TC: Ma plus grande motivation est d\u2019offrir<br \/>\nune vie confortable \u00e0 ma famille. J\u2019ai eu la<br \/>\nchance de grandir dans un environnement<br \/>\no\u00f9 je n\u2019ai jamais manqu\u00e9 de rien et j\u2019ai eu<br \/>\ndes possibilit\u00e9s que la plupart des gens<br \/>\nn\u2019avaient pas, gr\u00e2ce au dur labeur de mes<br \/>\nparents, que j\u2019esp\u00e8re pouvoir offrir \u00e0 mes<br \/>\nenfants. J\u2019ai aussi eu de nombreuses<br \/>\npersonnes qui m\u2019ont donn\u00e9 des occasions<br \/>\nd\u2019avancer et qui ont consacr\u00e9 beaucoup<br \/>\nde temps et d\u2019efforts pour m\u2019aider \u00e0 en<br \/>\narriver l\u00e0 o\u00f9 je suis aujourd\u2019hui. Je vois<br \/>\nmon succ\u00e8s comme un moyen de leur<br \/>\nmontrer que je leur suis reconnaissant<br \/>\npour ce qu\u2019ils ont fait pour moi et que je<br \/>\nn\u2019ai pas manqu\u00e9 les occasions qui m\u2019ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 offertes. <\/p>\n<p>Selon vous, quels sont les plus <\/p>\n<p>grands d\u00e9fis que doit relever la <\/p>\n<p>profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: L\u2019un des plus grands d\u00e9fis auxquels<br \/>\nnous sommes confront\u00e9s est le manque<br \/>\nde sensibilisation ou le manque<br \/>\nde connaissance de la profession<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuateur par la population en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. <\/p>\n<p>Je m\u2019adresse \u00e0 des gens qui n\u2019ont jamais<br \/>\nentendu parler de l\u2019Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs, qui ne savent pas ce<br \/>\nque les \u00e9valuateurs font r\u00e9ellement ou<br \/>\nqui ne comprennent pas l\u2019importante<br \/>\ncontribution qu\u2019apportent les \u00e9valuateurs.<br \/>\nJe constate \u00e9galement le vieillissement<br \/>\nde la population des \u00e9valuateurs,<br \/>\nen particulier ceux qui d\u00e9tiennent la<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation d\u2019AACI. Bon nombre des<br \/>\ncollectivit\u00e9s o\u00f9 j\u2019exerce mes activit\u00e9s sont<br \/>\nmal desservies ou perdront bient\u00f4t un<br \/>\ncertain nombre d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs en raison<br \/>\ndes d\u00e9parts \u00e0 la retraite. Il existe un<br \/>\ngroupe sain de jeunes \u00e9valuateurs, mais<br \/>\nle groupe d\u2019\u00e2ge moyen est relativement<br \/>\nsous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Bien qu\u2019il y ait et<br \/>\nqu\u2019il continuera d\u2019y avoir d\u2019importantes<br \/>\npossibilit\u00e9s pour les jeunes \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\ncomme moi, il y a une mine inestimable de<br \/>\nconnaissances qui seront perdues lorsque<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs plus \u00e2g\u00e9s commenceront<br \/>\n\u00e0 prendre leur retraite. <\/p>\n<p>Quels sont les plus grands  <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9fis auxquels font face les <\/p>\n<p>personnes qui entrent dans la <\/p>\n<p>profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Un des plus grands d\u00e9fis est de<br \/>\ntrouver un mentor qui est pr\u00eat \u00e0 prendre<br \/>\nle temps de bien former un stagiaire.<br \/>\nPrendre charge d\u2019un stagiaire est un<br \/>\nlourd engagement et quelque chose<br \/>\nqui n\u2019est pas pour tout le monde. Des<br \/>\ndiscussions r\u00e9centes avec certains<br \/>\nstagiaires indiquent que les niveaux de<br \/>\nr\u00e9mun\u00e9ration et de revenu posent des<br \/>\ndifficult\u00e9s, ce dont je peux certainement<br \/>\nt\u00e9moigner, car la courbe d\u2019apprentissage<br \/>\nest relativement abrupte au cours des<br \/>\ndeux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de travail.<br \/>\nHeureusement, le sacrifice en vaut la<br \/>\npeine \u00e0 long terme.  <\/p>\n<p>Si vous pouviez changer quoi que <\/p>\n<p>ce soit \u00e0 la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur <\/p>\n<p>immobilier, telle qu\u2019elle existe <\/p>\n<p>aujourd\u2019hui, qu\u2019est-ce que ce serait ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019aimerais que la profession soit<br \/>\nmieux connue du grand public et j\u2019esp\u00e8re <\/p>\n<p>qu\u2019en tant qu\u2019association, nous pourrons<br \/>\ncontinuer \u00e0 promouvoir l\u2019importance de<br \/>\nnos services. J\u2019ai souvent parl\u00e9 \u00e0 des<br \/>\ngens et leur ai dit : \u00ab Vous auriez vraiment<br \/>\nd\u00fb m\u2019appeler avant de conclure cette<br \/>\ntransaction parce que vous avez pay\u00e9 un<br \/>\npeu trop cher \u00bb, ou \u00ab vous avez pay\u00e9 trop<br \/>\ncher pour vos r\u00e9novations et vous avez<br \/>\nd\u00e9pens\u00e9 de l\u2019argent au mauvais endroit \u00bb.<br \/>\nDu point de vue de l\u2019association, je pense<br \/>\nqu\u2019il faudrait mettre davantage l\u2019accent<br \/>\nsur l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la qualit\u00e9 du mentorat<br \/>\noffert \u00e0 nos stagiaires. Il semble que nous<br \/>\nsoyons bloqu\u00e9s sur cette notion que le<br \/>\nplafonnement du nombre de stagiaires<br \/>\nqu\u2019un membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 peut encadrer est<br \/>\nplus important que la qualit\u00e9 du mentorat<br \/>\noffert. Je pense que nous devons \u00e9tablir<br \/>\nun meilleur syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nmentors plut\u00f4t que de dicter combien de<br \/>\nstagiaires un mentor peut guider.  <\/p>\n<p>Qui vous a aid\u00e9 dans votre <\/p>\n<p>cheminement de carri\u00e8re en tant que <\/p>\n<p>mentor et quel a \u00e9t\u00e9 leur impact ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019ai obtenu ma d\u00e9signation AACI sous<br \/>\nle mentorat de Duncan Bell, H.B.Comm,<br \/>\nAACI, P. App., qui est finalement devenu<br \/>\nl\u2019un de mes partenaires commerciaux.<br \/>\nEn ce qui concerne Duncan, on a toujours<br \/>\neu l\u2019impression que le mentorat \u00e9tait<br \/>\nplus important que l\u2019aspect financier, ce<br \/>\nqui n\u2019est pas toujours le cas. Il a aussi<br \/>\npris le temps d\u2019expliquer les choses<br \/>\nplut\u00f4t que de simplement me donner les<br \/>\nr\u00e9ponses n\u00e9cessaires pour la t\u00e2che. Il<br \/>\nme questionnait et me mettait toujours<br \/>\nau d\u00e9fi de trouver la r\u00e9ponse, tout en me<br \/>\nguidant parfois dans la bonne direction.<br \/>\nCela m\u2019a appris \u00e0 ne pas toujours voir les<br \/>\nchoses en surface, ce qui me profite sans<br \/>\naucun doute \u00e0 mesure que je progresse<br \/>\ndans ma carri\u00e8re <\/p>\n<p>Pourquoi avez-vous pens\u00e9  <\/p>\n<p>qu\u2019il \u00e9tait important d\u2019obtenir  <\/p>\n<p>votre d\u00e9signation AACI ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019estimais que l\u2019obtention du titre<br \/>\nd\u2019AACI \u00e9tait la seule option qui s\u2019offrait \u00e0<br \/>\nmoi parce que ce titre est tr\u00e8s respect\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019AVENIR S\u2019ANNONCE BIEN<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 60 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019AVENIR S\u2019ANNONCE BIEN<\/p>\n<p>dans l\u2019industrie et qu\u2019il est exig\u00e9 par la<br \/>\nplupart des organisations qui utilisent<br \/>\nles services d\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Le processus de d\u00e9signation  <\/p>\n<p>a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 plus long ou plus  <\/p>\n<p>court que pr\u00e9vu ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 comme stagiaire en<br \/>\n2007, il m\u2019a donc fallu environ 4 ans \u00bd<br \/>\npour obtenir ma d\u00e9signation. Lorsque j\u2019ai<br \/>\ncommenc\u00e9, je m\u2019attendais \u00e0 progresser<br \/>\nbeaucoup plus rapidement dans le<br \/>\nprocessus de d\u00e9signation que ce qu\u2019il m\u2019a<br \/>\nfallu. Apr\u00e8s tout, je n\u2019avais besoin que de<br \/>\ndeux ann\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9rience appliqu\u00e9e et<br \/>\nd\u2019avoir satisfait aux exigences scolaires<br \/>\npour \u00eatre admissible \u00e0 la d\u00e9signation.<br \/>\nMais avec les exigences du travail et de<br \/>\nla vie, cela a pris un peu plus de temps<br \/>\nque pr\u00e9vu. <\/p>\n<p>Quels d\u00e9fis le processus  <\/p>\n<p>de d\u00e9signation vous a-t-il  <\/p>\n<p>pos\u00e9s, tant du point de vue <\/p>\n<p>professionnel que personnel ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Pour moi, le d\u00e9fi a \u00e9t\u00e9 de trouver<br \/>\nun juste \u00e9quilibre en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\nformation dans le cadre du processus de<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation, surtout lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agissait<br \/>\nd\u2019un poste \u00e0 la commission. En tant<br \/>\nque jeune \u00e9valuateur, il \u00e9tait difficile<br \/>\nde consacrer du temps aux travaux de<br \/>\ncours, sachant que j\u2019aurais pu utiliser<br \/>\nce temps pour faire de l\u2019argent. Par<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessit\u00e9, il m\u2019arrivait parfois d\u2019avoir \u00e0<br \/>\nreporter des cours \u00e0 une date ult\u00e9rieure<br \/>\nou d\u2019encourir des p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res<br \/>\npour des travaux en retard. <\/p>\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s votre exp\u00e9rience <\/p>\n<p>personnelle, comment \u00e9valueriez-<\/p>\n<p>vous le processus de d\u00e9signation ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: \u00c0 l\u203aexception du temps requis, je n\u203aai<br \/>\npas trouv\u00e9 le processus tr\u00e8s difficile, ce<br \/>\nqui peut \u00eatre attribuable \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nla formation que j\u203aai re\u00e7ue tout au long<br \/>\nde ma p\u00e9riode de mentorat. Lorsque<br \/>\nj\u2019ai suivi le processus, il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire de soumettre le produit du<br \/>\ntravail pour examen, ce qui n\u2019est plus <\/p>\n<p>le cas. Je pense qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un aspect<br \/>\nimportant du processus, car il permet<br \/>\nau stagiaire d\u2019obtenir les commentaires<br \/>\nd\u2019une tierce partie impartiale et \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019association d\u2019\u00e9valuer la qualit\u00e9 du<br \/>\nmentorat offert. <\/p>\n<p>Selon vous, comment le processus <\/p>\n<p>de d\u00e9signation vous a-t-il pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/p>\n<p>relever les d\u00e9fis de votre carri\u00e8re ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Le processus m\u2019a bien pr\u00e9par\u00e9 aux<br \/>\nd\u00e9fis d\u2019une carri\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. Et bien<br \/>\nque le contenu du cours fournisse une<br \/>\nbase solide de th\u00e9orie et de m\u00e9thodologie<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, je crois que c\u2019est la qualit\u00e9<br \/>\ndu mentorat que j\u2019ai re\u00e7u qui a jou\u00e9 un<br \/>\nr\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans ma capacit\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nrelever ces d\u00e9fis. <\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9trospectivement,  <\/p>\n<p>y a-t-il quelque chose  <\/p>\n<p>que vous auriez fait diff\u00e9remment <\/p>\n<p>tout au long du processus ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019aurais certainement assist\u00e9 \u00e0 des<br \/>\nconf\u00e9rences provinciales et nationales<br \/>\nplus t\u00f4t dans ma carri\u00e8re. Rencontrer<br \/>\nd\u2019autres \u00e9valuateurs et \u00e9tablir des liens<br \/>\nlors de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements peut \u00eatre d\u2019une<br \/>\ngrande valeur pour les stagiaires qui<br \/>\ncherchent \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9tablir dans la profession. <\/p>\n<p>En plus de votre carri\u00e8re  <\/p>\n<p>bien remplie, vous \u00eates  <\/p>\n<p>actuellement membre du Comit\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>ex\u00e9cutif de la section de Sudbury\/<\/p>\n<p>Sault Sainte-Marie de l\u2019ICE. <\/p>\n<p>Comment ce type d\u2019engagement <\/p>\n<p>b\u00e9n\u00e9vole a-t-il vu le jour ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Il y avait un besoin de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles et<br \/>\nj\u2019ai d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de m\u2019engager. Pour mon poste<br \/>\nactuel d\u2019administrateur de la R\u00e9gion 7 au<br \/>\nConseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019ICE-ON, mon<br \/>\nnom a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9 par un administrateur<br \/>\nsortant et j\u2019ai volontiers accept\u00e9 lorsque<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut a communiqu\u00e9 avec moi. M\u00eame si<br \/>\nje n\u2019avais pas en t\u00eate d\u2019occuper ces postes,<br \/>\nje suis extr\u00eamement heureux qu\u2019on m\u2019ait<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 ces occasions. J\u2019ai rencontr\u00e9 tant de<br \/>\ngens formidables tout au long du processus<br \/>\net j\u2019en ai appris plus sur notre organisation <\/p>\n<p>que je ne l\u2019aurais fait autrement. J\u2019esp\u00e8re<br \/>\nque d\u2019autres occasions de ce genre se<br \/>\npr\u00e9senteront dans l\u2019avenir. <\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00e9rez-vous ce type <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019engagement comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment <\/p>\n<p>important du d\u00e9veloppement de <\/p>\n<p>carri\u00e8re d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Ce genre d\u2019engagement aide \u00e0 b\u00e2tir<br \/>\nvotre r\u00e9seau et \u00e0 \u00e9largir votre base de<br \/>\nressources. Les personnes que vous<br \/>\nrencontrez en faisant du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat au sein<br \/>\nde conseils et de comit\u00e9s vous exposent<br \/>\n\u00e0 diff\u00e9rents aspects de la profession et<br \/>\nelles deviennent une source d\u2019information<br \/>\net de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences r\u00e9ciproques. Cette<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience vous permet \u00e9galement de<br \/>\nmieux comprendre les d\u00e9fis auxquels<br \/>\nnotre association et notre profession sont<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9es et vous expose \u00e0 un certain<br \/>\nnombre de personnes qui apportent une<br \/>\ncontribution importante \u00e0 notre industrie.<br \/>\nBien qu\u2019il y ait beaucoup de travail \u00e0 faire<br \/>\n\u00e0 ces postes, je peux vous assurer qu\u2019il y<br \/>\na aussi des avantages importants qui font<br \/>\nque \u00e7a en vaut la peine. <\/p>\n<p>Avez-vous des suggestions \u00e0 faire <\/p>\n<p>aux personnes qui entrent dans la <\/p>\n<p>profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: Assurez-vous de trouver un mentor<br \/>\nqui vous convient. Bien que cela puisse<br \/>\nprendre un certain temps et s\u2019av\u00e9rer un<br \/>\nd\u00e9fi, cela sera payant \u00e0 long terme et vous<br \/>\npermettra d\u2019avoir une carri\u00e8re longue et<br \/>\ngratifiante, si vous \u00eates pr\u00eat \u00e0 y consacrer<br \/>\ndu temps. De plus, prenez le temps de<br \/>\ncomprendre l\u2019importance du travail<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs et r\u00e9sistez \u00e0 l\u2019envie, en<br \/>\ntant que novice, de c\u00e9der \u00e0 la pression<br \/>\ndes attentes de valeur pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9es<br \/>\nimpos\u00e9es par les clients dans le but de<br \/>\nsatisfaire leurs besoins. <\/p>\n<p>Comment passez-vous votre temps <\/p>\n<p>libre en dehors du travail ? <\/p>\n<p>TC: J\u2019aime passer du temps avec ma<br \/>\nfemme et mes deux enfants, les fins de<br \/>\nsemaine au chalet, la p\u00eache, la chasse et<br \/>\nles projets de r\u00e9novation domiciliaire. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 61Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 62 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DESIGNATIONS CANDIDATES STUDENTS \/ D\u00c9SIGNATIONS STAGIAIRES \u00c9TUDIANTS<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC), together with the provincial associations and the provincial bodies affiliated with <\/p>\n<p>the AIC, commend the following Members who completed the rigorous requirements for accreditation as a Designated <\/p>\n<p>Member of the AIC during the period October 20, 2018 to February 11, 2019 :<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE), en collaboration avec les associations provinciales et les organismes provinciaux <\/p>\n<p>affili\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ICE, f\u00e9licitent les membres suivants qui ont compl\u00e9t\u00e9 le programme rigoureux d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation \u00e0 titre de membre <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE durant la p\u00e9riode du 20 octobre, 2018 au 11 f\u00e9vrier, 2019 :<\/p>\n<p>AIC designations granted \/ D\u00e9signations obtenues de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>AIC welcomed the following new Candidate members during the  <\/p>\n<p>period October 20, 2018 to February 11, 2019<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE souhaite la bienvenue aux personnes suivantes qui ont joint les rangs des <\/p>\n<p>membres stagiaires durant la p\u00e9riode du 20 octobre, 2018 au 11 f\u00e9vrier, 2019 :<\/p>\n<p>AACI, P.App<br \/>\nAccredited Appraiser Canadian Institute<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \/ Stagiaires<\/p>\n<p>CRA, P.App<br \/>\nCanadian Residential Appraiser<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nLeah Byklum<br \/>\nDwayne Kirk<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<\/p>\n<p>Travis D. Archibald<br \/>\nTouraj Dehghan Manshadi<br \/>\nSarah Nicole Gillespie<br \/>\nDan B. Green<br \/>\nShannon L. Horne<br \/>\nCody Ryan Johanson<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nJay K. Boville<br \/>\nClayton Nakaska<br \/>\nKenneth S. Noble<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<\/p>\n<p>Gareth MacDonald<br \/>\nChris Ponti<br \/>\nPatricia L. Ward<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nNaomi Hornby<br \/>\nRobert B. Toews<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia \/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/p>\n<p>Ryan Fraser<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nCraig A. Church<br \/>\nJennifer Duern<br \/>\nBenjamin R. Ellens<br \/>\nMatthew Fulton<br \/>\nEvan M. Hovius<br \/>\nCindy Malani  <\/p>\n<p>Jokhu-Bhoodwah<br \/>\nJoshua Reidak<br \/>\nL&rsquo;ghaly Safouane<br \/>\nTamara Spasojevic<br \/>\nRosa A. Villacob<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nElizabeth F. Buryk<br \/>\nKathryn D. Coyles<br \/>\nSofia Ganni<br \/>\nLynne WJ Ge<br \/>\nThomas H. Geniole<br \/>\nSanjeev Gogna<br \/>\nDemetri Iliopoulos<br \/>\nMeagan L. Lau<br \/>\nNicholas Prasad<br \/>\nRaeka Ravindran<br \/>\nWeiqing Shi<br \/>\nLaura Stockman<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nJimmy Cheung<br \/>\nLori Sander<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nGrant Canning<br \/>\nAshley Carroll<br \/>\nAviya Gargir<br \/>\nSamantha Ley Larsen<br \/>\nThomas Lee<br \/>\nNasrat Muradi<br \/>\nMatthew Schneider<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<\/p>\n<p>Daniel H. Backe<br \/>\nDarin Dale Conrad<br \/>\nKatharine Junkin<br \/>\nEiji Andrew Kita<br \/>\nShu (Sharon) Lin Liu<br \/>\nMegan Low<br \/>\nBrennan Gary Mann<br \/>\nEdin Masic<br \/>\nJeffrey Jayson Ong<br \/>\nRaymond Grant Potter<br \/>\nAdrian Tiberiu Stanese<br \/>\nKurtis Trinh<\/p>\n<p>International \/<br \/>\nInternationale<\/p>\n<p>Thomas A. Awoleye<br \/>\nMariano Salvatore Borges<br \/>\nArnob Guha Mazumdar<br \/>\nSergio Nicolas  <\/p>\n<p>Sarmiento Grillo<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nKeerath Kaur Bal<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nAndrew P. Baines<br \/>\nElliott James Burton<br \/>\nBree M. Callahan<br \/>\nCindy Duggal<br \/>\nHarmandeep Singh Grewal<br \/>\nJesse James Jacques<br \/>\nOleg Kartsev<br \/>\nBrandon A. Kendall<br \/>\nFarnaz Khomamizadeh<br \/>\nJordan Leonard<br \/>\nVanessa MacDougall<br \/>\nTodd Robert McLarty<br \/>\nHon Xuyen (Alvin) Ngo<br \/>\nHarsha Nimrani<br \/>\nMeagan Normandeau<br \/>\nManishkumar Patel<br \/>\nBenjamin Perosin<br \/>\nDaniel Seifer<br \/>\nMitchell Stark<br \/>\nSpencer Andrew Stewart<br \/>\nFrederic Louis Toupin<br \/>\nMatthew Paul Treadwell<br \/>\nJason Voong<br \/>\nBrandon Walker<br \/>\nLucas Zomparelli<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward Island \/<br \/>\n\u00cele du Prince \u00c9douard<\/p>\n<p>Carolyn J. Wood<\/p>\n<p>Quebec \/ Qu\u00e9bec <\/p>\n<p>Yves Gaudette<br \/>\nJessica Paquin<br \/>\nAlexi St-Pierre Robitaille<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nMurray Raymond James <\/p>\n<p>Grapentine<br \/>\nBraydon Hunter Johis York<\/p>\n<p>Visit www.aicanada.ca | En savoir plus www.aicanada.ca\/fr<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation and Advisory Services Team<\/p>\n<p>At CBRE, you have the ability to take charge of your career and enjoy an inclusive, collaborative<br \/>\nenvironment. Work on an industry-leading team that provides unmatched client services<br \/>\nby leveraging best in class research, technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti, AACI, MRICS<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\npaul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\n+1 416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Make your own path with a team<br \/>\nthat believes in you<\/p>\n<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<br \/>\nVol 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 2019<\/p>\n<p>A FORENSIC APPRAISER\u2019S<br \/>\nPERSPECTIVE:<br \/>\nGOVERNMENT OVERPAID<br \/>\nFOR LAND RELYING<br \/>\nON UNAUTHORIZED<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL<br \/>\nPerspective d\u2019un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\nLe gouvernement a<br \/>\nsurpay\u00e9 un terrain en<br \/>\nse fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nnon autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>COMPETENCY AND THE<br \/>\nAPPRAISER<br \/>\nLa comp\u00e9tence et<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>VALUING THE TOUGH<br \/>\nONES: A PARTIALLY<br \/>\nRENOVATED, OLDER,<br \/>\nCUSTOM FOUR-PLEX<br \/>\nBUILDING<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation des plus<br \/>\ncoriaces : un vieux<br \/>\nquadruplex partiellement<br \/>\nr\u00e9nov\u00e9, fait sur mesure <\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>INSTALLATIONS<br \/>\nDU CANNABIS<\/p>\n<p>CANNABIS<br \/>\nFACILITIES <\/p>\n<p>Maintenant disponible<\/p>\n<p>Versions pour<br \/>\nles appareils<br \/>\nmobiles, iPad <\/p>\n<p>et iPhone<br \/>\nincluses.<\/p>\n<p>Interactive Edition<br \/>\n      available online<\/p>\n<p>Mobile,<br \/>\n iPad, iPhone <\/p>\n<p>versions<br \/>\nincluded!<\/p>\n<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<br \/>\nVol 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 2019<\/p>\n<p>A FORENSIC APPRAISER\u2019S<br \/>\nPERSPECTIVE:<br \/>\nGOVERNMENT OVERPAID<br \/>\nFOR LAND RELYING<br \/>\nON UNAUTHORIZED<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL<br \/>\nPerspective d\u2019un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\nLe gouvernement a<br \/>\nsurpay\u00e9 un terrain en<br \/>\nse fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nnon autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>COMPETENCY AND THE<br \/>\nAPPRAISER<br \/>\nLa comp\u00e9tence et<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>VALUING THE TOUGH<br \/>\nONES: A PARTIALLY<br \/>\nRENOVATED, OLDER,<br \/>\nCUSTOM FOUR-PLEX<br \/>\nBUILDING<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation des plus<br \/>\ncoriaces : un vieux<br \/>\nquadruplex partiellement<br \/>\nr\u00e9nov\u00e9, fait sur mesure <\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>INSTALLATIONS<br \/>\nDU CANNABIS<\/p>\n<p>CANNABIS<br \/>\nFACILITIES <\/p>\n<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<br \/>\nVol 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 2019<\/p>\n<p>A FORENSIC APPRAISER\u2019S<br \/>\nPERSPECTIVE:<br \/>\nGOVERNMENT OVERPAID<br \/>\nFOR LAND RELYING<br \/>\nON UNAUTHORIZED<br \/>\nAPPRAISAL<br \/>\nPerspective d\u2019un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur judiciaire :<br \/>\nLe gouvernement a<br \/>\nsurpay\u00e9 un terrain en<br \/>\nse fiant \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nnon autoris\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>COMPETENCY AND THE<br \/>\nAPPRAISER<br \/>\nLa comp\u00e9tence et<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuateur<\/p>\n<p>VALUING THE TOUGH<br \/>\nONES: A PARTIALLY<br \/>\nRENOVATED, OLDER,<br \/>\nCUSTOM FOUR-PLEX<br \/>\nBUILDING<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation des plus<br \/>\ncoriaces : un vieux<br \/>\nquadruplex partiellement<br \/>\nr\u00e9nov\u00e9, fait sur mesure <\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>INSTALLATIONS<br \/>\nDU CANNABIS<\/p>\n<p>CANNABIS<br \/>\nFACILITIES <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 63Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nKatie Hendrickson<br \/>\nMugo Kimari<br \/>\nZoe Lo<br \/>\nColin A. Murray<br \/>\nAditya Venhat Nandikanti<br \/>\nTanner Clarkson<\/p>\n<p>Students \/ \u00c9tudiants<br \/>\nThis category of membership serves as the first step on the path to designation for those completing their requirements  <\/p>\n<p>for Candidate membership. Students considering the appraisal profession as a career option are also welcomed to this <\/p>\n<p>category of membership.<\/p>\n<p>Cette cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion constitue la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape sur la voie de la d\u00e9signation pour ceux qui s\u2019affairent \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les <\/p>\n<p>exigences de la cat\u00e9gorie de membres stagiaire. Les \u00e9tudiants qui contemplent une carri\u00e8re comme \u00e9valuateur professionnel  <\/p>\n<p>sont acceuillis dans cette cat\u00e9gorie de membres.<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<\/p>\n<p>Angelica Barnett<br \/>\nZayne M. Collie<br \/>\nDhaval D. Jain<br \/>\nGuang Yow Low<br \/>\nJennifer Mutiara<br \/>\nBrendan Ng<br \/>\nScott Stevens<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nMarcia Mizeracki<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia \/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/p>\n<p>Harry Adzoho<br \/>\nJames Bridger<br \/>\nJaymes Brophy<br \/>\nLorraine Gagnon<br \/>\nZhigang Gong<br \/>\nKi An (Grace) Jun<br \/>\nJun Gu Lee<br \/>\nYinglian Li<br \/>\nJoseph Macaluso<br \/>\nMichelle McArthur<\/p>\n<p>DESIGNATIONS CANDIDATES STUDENTS \/ D\u00c9SIGNATIONS STAGIAIRES \u00c9TUDIANTS<\/p>\n<p>Alexander Miller<br \/>\nKelly Morgan-Batten<br \/>\nJaspreet Padam<br \/>\nJungho Park<br \/>\nSibyl Seng<br \/>\nSunhye Shin<br \/>\nJordan Sleep-Tulloch<br \/>\nSampath Sridhara<br \/>\nMichael Temianko<br \/>\nPatricia Anne Vecchio<br \/>\nJosh Watson<br \/>\nXiaopeng Xian<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward Island \/<br \/>\n\u00cele du Prince \u00c9douard<\/p>\n<p>Caitlin Campbell<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"86VtgttA2H\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=4OFC8itbJ5#?secret=86VtgttA2H\" data-secret=\"86VtgttA2H\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr<br \/>\nmailto:paul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cbre.ca\/vas<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>The Personal refers to The Personal Insurance Company. Certain conditions, limitations and exclusions<br \/>\nmay apply. Auto insurance is not available in MB, SK and BC due to government\u2011run plans.<\/p>\n<p>La Personnelle d\u00e9signe La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. Certaines conditions, exclusions et<br \/>\nlimitations peuvent s\u2019appliquer. L\u2019assurance auto n\u2019est pas offerte au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan ni en<br \/>\nColombie\u2011Britannique, o\u00f9 il existe des r\u00e9gimes d\u2019assurance gouvernementaux.<\/p>\n<p>The service you<br \/>\nwant, the coverage<br \/>\nyou need.<br \/>\nInsurance that<br \/>\nworks for you.<\/p>\n<p>Service<br \/>\nunique, protections<br \/>\nadapt\u00e9es<br \/>\nL\u2019assurance pens\u00e9e<br \/>\npour vous <\/p>\n<p>Demandez une soumission et voyez ce<br \/>\nque La Personnelle peut faire pour vous<br \/>\n1 888 476-8737<br \/>\nlapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>Get a quote and see what<br \/>\nThe Personal can do for you.<br \/>\n1-888-476-8737<br \/>\nthepersonal.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>Des assurances de groupe auto et<br \/>\nhabitation adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 vos besoins,<br \/>\nc\u2019est ce que nous proposons aux<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2018Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s time you felt confident about<br \/>\nyour home and auto insurance.<br \/>\nAs a member of the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada, you can<br \/>\nwith group insurance from<br \/>\nThe Personal.<\/p>\n<p>1802710_G0177_AD-BRAND-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   1 18-12-03   07:49<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/thepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/lapersonelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Pleins feux sur le<br \/>\nperfectionnement<br \/>\nprofessionnel continu<br \/>\nLes cours de perfectionnement professionnel continu (PPC) donn\u00e9s par<br \/>\nla Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019U.C.-B. sont con\u00e7us pour rafra\u00eechir les<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tences et connaissances des membres de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs (ICE), et pour leur enseigner de nouvelles techniques et pratiques<br \/>\n\u00e0 utiliser dans le march\u00e9 en \u00e9volution. Ils sont brefs et les \u00e9tudiants les<br \/>\nsuivent en ligne, chacun \u00e0 son propre rythme. La plupart des cours incluent<br \/>\nun carnet de travail imprim\u00e9 et une vid\u00e9o de formation en ligne.<\/p>\n<p>CPD 123 : Adjustment Support in the Direct Comparison <\/p>\n<p>Approach [Soutien aux ajustements dans la m\u00e9thode de <\/p>\n<p>comparaison directe]<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La banque a besoin de cette \u00e9valuation d\u2019ici 17 heures. Je n\u2019ai pas le temps<br \/>\nde les aider pour les ajustements, que puis-je faire ? \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Cette question, souvent pos\u00e9e, que ce soit par un nouvel \u00e9valuateur ou<br \/>\npar un \u00e9valuateur poss\u00e9dant des ann\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9rience, n\u2019a pas de r\u00e9ponse<br \/>\nfacile. Elle met en relief les pressions que les \u00e9valuateurs subissent dans leur<br \/>\ntravail, pris entre les clients demandant des r\u00e9ponses rapides et les normes<br \/>\nprofessionnelles dictant les exigences pour un travail professionnel de qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les contraintes de temps sont bien r\u00e9elles, tout comme l\u2019est le besoin<br \/>\nde qualit\u00e9. Le cours CPD 123 explore des moyens pour les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nde faire mieux : produire un travail cr\u00e9dible qui r\u00e9ponde aux Normes<br \/>\nuniformes de pratique professionnelle en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada<br \/>\n(NUPPEC), tout en reconnaissant les limites de temps et de donn\u00e9es que<br \/>\nl\u2019on rencontre dans le monde concret.<\/p>\n<p>En particulier, tous les ajustements quantitatifs doivent avoir un<br \/>\nsoutient. Alors, songez \u00e0 les utiliser seulement pour les caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\nles plus importantes de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui justifient le travail effectu\u00e9 pour les<br \/>\nvalider. Si le temps est insuffisant ou que les limites des donn\u00e9es rendent<br \/>\nle support impossible, consid\u00e9rez une analyse qualitative \u00e0 la place. Par-<br \/>\ndessus tout, vous devez appliquer la logique et la pens\u00e9e critique pour<br \/>\ndonner au client une explication raisonn\u00e9e de votre conclusion sur la valeur.<\/p>\n<p>Le cours CPD 123 d\u00e9crit les m\u00e9thodes de support des ajustements et<br \/>\nd\u2019analyse qualitative qui fournissent un juste milieu afin de produire un<br \/>\ntravail d\u2019\u00e9valuation de qualit\u00e9 dans un monde o\u00f9 les donn\u00e9es et le temps<br \/>\nsont restreints. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 63 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2019 65Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Spotlight on<br \/>\nContinuing Professional<br \/>\nDevelopment<br \/>\nThe UBC Real Estate Division\u2019s continuing professional<br \/>\ndevelopment (CPD) courses are intended to refresh Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada (AIC) Members\u2019 skills and knowledge and<br \/>\nteach them new techniques and applications for the evolving<br \/>\nmarketplace. They are short, self-paced, and completed<br \/>\nonline. Most courses include both a printed workbook and an<br \/>\nonline instructional video.  <\/p>\n<p>CPD 123: Adjustment Support  <\/p>\n<p>in the Direct Comparison Approach<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe bank needs this appraisal by 5pm, I don\u2019t have time to<br \/>\nprovide support for adjustments, what can I do?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This frequently asked question, whether from a new<br \/>\nappraiser or another with years of experience, has no easy<br \/>\nanswer. It spotlights the pressures under which appraisers<br \/>\nwork; caught between clients that demand fast answers and<br \/>\nprofessional standards that dictate requirements for quality,<br \/>\nprofessional work. <\/p>\n<p>The time constraints are real; so is the need for quality.<br \/>\nThe CPD 123 course explores ways that appraisers can do<br \/>\nbetter: producing credible work that satisfies the Canadian<br \/>\nUniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice<br \/>\n(CUSPAP), while also recognizing the time and data limitations<br \/>\nfaced in the real world.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, all quantitative adjustment must have<br \/>\nsupport. So consider using them only for the most important<br \/>\nproperty characteristics that justify the work that goes into<br \/>\nsubstantiating them. Where time is short or data limitations<br \/>\nmake support impossible, consider a qualitative analysis<br \/>\ninstead. Above all, you must apply logic and critical thinking to<br \/>\ngive the client a reasoned explanation for your value conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>The CPD 123 course outlines methods for adjustment<br \/>\nsupport and qualitative analysis that find a happy medium<br \/>\nin producing quality appraisal work in a time and data<br \/>\nconstrained world. <\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>In Memoriam\/En m\u00e9moire<br \/>\nThe following AIC Members have passed away. On behalf of everyone connected with the Institute and the profession,<br \/>\nwe extend our sincerest sympathies to their families, friends and associates. <\/p>\n<p>Les membres suivants de l&rsquo;ICE sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Au nom de tous ceux qui oeuvrent de pr\u00e8s ou de loin au sein de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\net de la profession, nous exprimons nos plus sinc\u00e8res condol\u00e9ances \u00e0 leurs familles, amis et associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Stanley Peter Aksenchuk CRA, P. App. <\/p>\n<p>Prince George, BC<\/p>\n<p>Ronald Dinning AACI, P. App. <\/p>\n<p>Victoria, BC<\/p>\n<p>Bruce E. Finnigan AACI, P. App. <\/p>\n<p>Calgary, AB<\/p>\n<p>L. Bruce Gallagher AACI. P. App. <\/p>\n<p>Regina, SK<\/p>\n<p>Cyril Hayes AACI, P. App.  <\/p>\n<p>Calgary, AB<\/p>\n<p>Clifford Lawrence AACI, P. App.  <\/p>\n<p>Saint John, NB <\/p>\n<p>Donna Murray CRA, P. App.  <\/p>\n<p>Prince George, BC<\/p>\n<p>Linda Rendall CRA, P. App.  <\/p>\n<p>Vineland, ON<\/p>\n<p>Corridor Valuation: An Overview and New Alternatives discusses <\/p>\n<p>corridor valuation theory, related property rights, legal issues, and the <\/p>\n<p>valuation methods applied to railroad, telecommunications, pipeline, <\/p>\n<p>power transmission, and conservation corridors. Multiple authors have <\/p>\n<p>contributed to the text, offering personal experiences and insights useful <\/p>\n<p>to property professionals valuing corridor properties in the US and <\/p>\n<p>Canada.<\/p>\n<p>appraisalinstitute.org\/store<br \/>\nor call 888.756.4624<\/p>\n<p>Corridor Valuation<br \/>\nAn Overview and New Alternatives<br \/>\n Published by Appraisal Institute, International Right of  Way<br \/>\nAssociation, and Appraisal Institute of Canada<\/p>\n<p>NEW<\/p>\n<p>(2019) Softcover<br \/>\nPrint or PDF: $50<br \/>\nPrint + PDF: $70<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 66 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/appraisalinstitute.org\/store<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s successful real estate professional is committed to lifelong learning.<br \/>\nUBC\u2019s\u00a0Continuing Professional Development Courses meet your needs.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Convenient online course format<br \/>\n\u2022  Broad range of valuation and real estate business topics<br \/>\n\u2022  Guaranteed Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Continuing Professional Development credits<\/p>\n<p>Business Development Series: Eight courses designed to provide practitioners with the<br \/>\nentrepreneurial and practical skills to establish and successfully operate a real estate business.<\/p>\n<p>\uf0f0 Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Business Strategy: Managing a Profitable Real Estate Business<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Succession Planning for Real Estate Professionals<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Organizing and Financing a Real Estate Business<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Accounting and Taxation Considerations for a Real Estate Business<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Marketing and Technology Considerations for a Real Estate Business<br \/>\n\uf0f0 Human Resources Management Considerations in Real Estate<\/p>\n<p>\uf0f0 Law and Ethical Considerations in Real Estate Business<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, visit:<\/p>\n<p>realestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\ntel:  604.822.2227 \/ 1.877.775.7733    email: cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Creative<br \/>\nAdaptable<br \/>\nAnalytical <\/p>\n<p>Canadian_App_Valuation.indd   1 2\/22\/2018   4:05:38 PM<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/realestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\nmailto:cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation and Advisory Services Team<\/p>\n<p>At CBRE, you have the ability to take charge of your career and enjoy an inclusive, collaborative<br \/>\nenvironment. Work on an industry-leading team that provides unmatched client services<br \/>\nby leveraging best in class research, technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti, AACI, MRICS<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\npaul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\n+1 416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Make your own path with a team<br \/>\nthat believes in you<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.cbre.ca\/vas<br \/>\nmailto:paul.morassutti@cbre.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":63742,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":""},"class_list":["post-63793","issue","type-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/63793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}