{"id":74575,"date":"2020-03-17T15:10:16","date_gmt":"2020-03-17T19:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=74575"},"modified":"2020-03-17T15:11:16","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T11:11:16","slug":"2020-volume-64-tome-1","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2020-volume-64-tome-1\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 &#8211; Volume 64 &#8211; Tome 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<br \/>\nVol 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 2020<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>CO-SIGNING \u2013<br \/>\nTHE BACKBONE<br \/>\nOF AIC FUTURE<br \/>\nLa cosignature \u2013<br \/>\nPilier de l\u2019avenir de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>ISSUES IN<br \/>\nVALUING HERITAGE<br \/>\nCONSERVATION<br \/>\nPROPERTIES<br \/>\nQuestions relatives<br \/>\n\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\nbiens de conservation<br \/>\ndu patrimoine <\/p>\n<p>VALUATION OF<br \/>\nCHURCH PROPERTIES<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation d&rsquo;\u00e9glises JOB?JOB?<\/p>\n<p>WILL AI STEAL YOUR<\/p>\n<p>EST-CE QUE L\u2019IA VA VOUS VOLER VOTRE <\/p>\n<p>EMPLOI?EMPLOI?<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Experience<br \/>\nthe Difference<br \/>\nWe are looking for individuals, teams<br \/>\nand companies across Canada seeking an<br \/>\nopportunity to be a part of our growing team.<\/p>\n<p>Acquisition or signing bonuses available!<\/p>\n<p>Avison Young is principal-led commercial real estate firm<br \/>\nwith unique model, culture and approach.  We deliver<br \/>\nclient-focused solutions while investing in the success<br \/>\nof our people and betterment of our communities.  And<br \/>\nthis, of course, is why more and more of the industry\u2019s<br \/>\nbest real estate professionals are joining us every day.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more, please contact us at:<br \/>\ncanada.valuation@avisonyoung.com<\/p>\n<p>Partnership. Performance.<br \/>\navisonyoung.ca\/valuations Find \u2022 Invest \u2022 Develop \u2022 Manage \u2022 Real Estate <\/p>\n<p>Uncover the real value<br \/>\nof your property or portfolio. <\/p>\n<p>Precise and dependable property<br \/>\nvaluation services to help you make<br \/>\ntimely, informed real estate decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Dave Black<br \/>\nSenior Vice President<br \/>\n&#038; National Practice Lead<br \/>\nAdvisory and Appraisal Services<br \/>\nDave.Black@am.jll.com<br \/>\njll.ca\/value<\/p>\n<p>mailto:canada.valuation@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/avisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>Find \u2022 Invest \u2022 Develop \u2022 Manage \u2022 Real Estate <\/p>\n<p>Uncover the real value<br \/>\nof your property or portfolio. <\/p>\n<p>Precise and dependable property<br \/>\nvaluation services to help you make<br \/>\ntimely, informed real estate decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Dave Black<br \/>\nSenior Vice President<br \/>\n&#038; National Practice Lead<br \/>\nAdvisory and Appraisal Services<br \/>\nDave.Black@am.jll.com<br \/>\njll.ca\/value<\/p>\n<p>mailto:Dave.Black@am.jll.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/jll.ca\/value<\/p>\n<p>BE THE EXPERT<br \/>\nColliers is seeking motivated appraisers to join our Valuation<br \/>\nand Advisory Services team. Colliers recently introduced<br \/>\nnew market leading report writing software which upon its<br \/>\nintroduction increased average report production speeds<br \/>\nby upwards of 30%. Colliers AACI designated appraisers in<br \/>\nCanada had an average net compensation in 2019 in excess<br \/>\nof $200,000. Reach out today to learn how to leverage<br \/>\nColliers brand, technology and resources to take your career<br \/>\nto the next level.<\/p>\n<p>Contact Brandi Skaggs at Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com to<br \/>\nlearn more about joining Valuation &#038; Advisory Services at<br \/>\nColliers International.<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>mailto:Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>The articles printed in<br \/>\nthis issue represent<br \/>\nauthors\u2019 opinions only<br \/>\nand are not necessarily<br \/>\nendorsed by the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute<br \/>\nof Canada. Copyright<br \/>\n2020 by the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada.<br \/>\nAll rights reserved.<br \/>\nReproduction in whole<br \/>\nor in part without<br \/>\nwritten permission<br \/>\nis strictly prohibited.<br \/>\nSubscription, $40.00 per<br \/>\nyear. Printed in Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les articles imprim\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nce num\u00e9ro ne rep\u00e9sentent<br \/>\nque l\u2019opinion de leur auteur<br \/>\nrespectif, mais ne sont pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9ces\u2013sairement endoss\u00e9s<br \/>\npar l\u2019Institut Canadien des<br \/>\n\u00c9valuateurs. Tous droits<br \/>\nreserv\u00e9s 2020 par l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs.<br \/>\nLa reproduction totale ou<br \/>\npartielle sous quelque<br \/>\nform que se soit sans<br \/>\nauthorisation \u00e9crite est<br \/>\nabsolument interdite.<br \/>\nAbonnement $40.00 par<br \/>\nann\u00e9e. Imprim\u00e9 au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>* The Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada reserves the right<br \/>\nto reject advertising that it<br \/>\ndeems to be inappropriate.<\/p>\n<p>** The publisher and the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\ncannot be held liable for<br \/>\nany material used or claims<br \/>\nmade in advertising included<br \/>\nin this publication.Indexed<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business<br \/>\nIndex and available on-line<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business &#038;<br \/>\nCurrent Affairs database.<br \/>\nISSN 0827-2697<\/p>\n<p>Publication Mails Agreement<br \/>\n#40008249<\/p>\n<p>Return undeliverable<br \/>\nCanadian addresses to:<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n403-200 Catherine St.,<br \/>\nOttawa, ON K2P 2K9.<br \/>\nEmail: info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Director &#8211; Communications:<br \/>\nPaul H\u00e9bert, Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>Publication management,<br \/>\ndesign and production by:<br \/>\nDirection, conception et<br \/>\nproduction par :<\/p>\n<p>3rd Floor \u2013 2020 Portage<br \/>\nAvenue, Winnipeg,<br \/>\nMB R3J 0K4<br \/>\nPhone: 866-985-9780<br \/>\nFax: 866-985-9799<br \/>\nE-mail: info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nWeb: www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Managing Editor:<br \/>\nCraig Kelman<\/p>\n<p>Design\/Layout:<br \/>\nKristy Unrau<\/p>\n<p>Marketing Manager:<br \/>\nKris Fillion<\/p>\n<p>Advertising Co-ordinator:<br \/>\nStefanie Hagidiakow<\/p>\n<p>8 Executive Corner<br \/>\nEnsuring that our voice<br \/>\nis heard loud and clear<\/p>\n<p>37 Advocacy<br \/>\n\u2022  AIC Members at <\/p>\n<p>Parliament Hill<br \/>\n\u2022  Testifying on the Hill <\/p>\n<p>43 Legal Matters<br \/>\nAspects of the AIC<br \/>\ndiscipline process \u2013<br \/>\nthe Contract and<br \/>\nthe Charter <\/p>\n<p>48 Professional<br \/>\nPractice Matters<br \/>\nChanges to the<br \/>\nProfessional Practice<br \/>\nSeminar beginning in 2020<\/p>\n<p>52 Education<br \/>\nCo-signing \u2013<br \/>\nThe backbone of AIC future<\/p>\n<p>56 News<br \/>\n\u2022  What me a blogger?<br \/>\n\u2022  In Memoriam<\/p>\n<p>58 Designations,<br \/>\nCandidates, Students<\/p>\n<p>10 Le coin de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif<br \/>\nVeiller \u00e0 ce que notre voix<br \/>\nsoit entendue haut et fort <\/p>\n<p>40 D\u00e9fense<br \/>\n\u2022  Les membres de l&rsquo;ICE sur <\/p>\n<p>la Colline du Parlement<br \/>\n\u2022 T\u00e9moignage sur la Colline <\/p>\n<p>45  Questions juridiques<br \/>\nAspects du processus<br \/>\ndisciplinaire de l\u2019ICE \u2013<br \/>\nle contrat et la Charte<\/p>\n<p>50 Parlons de la<br \/>\npratique professionelle<br \/>\nModifications au S\u00e9minaire<br \/>\nde pratique professionnelle<br \/>\nen 2020 <\/p>\n<p>54 \u00c9ducation<br \/>\nLa cosignature \u2013<br \/>\nPilier de l\u2019avenir de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>56  Nouvelles<br \/>\n\u2022 Moi? Un blogueur? S\u00e9rieux?<br \/>\n\u2022  En m\u00e9moire<\/p>\n<p>58  D\u00e9signations,<br \/>\nstagiaires, \u00e9tudiants<\/p>\n<p>Valuation of church properties<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9valuation d&rsquo;\u00e9glises <\/p>\n<p>Issues in Valuing<br \/>\nHeritage Conservation Properties<\/p>\n<p>Questions relatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ndes biens de conservation du patrimoine<\/p>\n<p>27<\/p>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<p>COLUMNS CHRONIQUES<\/p>\n<p>Will AI steal your job?<\/p>\n<p>Est-ce que l\u2019IA va<br \/>\nvous voler votre emploi?<\/p>\n<p>12<br \/>\nBE THE EXPERT<br \/>\nColliers is seeking motivated appraisers to join our Valuation<br \/>\nand Advisory Services team. Colliers recently introduced<br \/>\nnew market leading report writing software which upon its<br \/>\nintroduction increased average report production speeds<br \/>\nby upwards of 30%. Colliers AACI designated appraisers in<br \/>\nCanada had an average net compensation in 2019 in excess<br \/>\nof $200,000. Reach out today to learn how to leverage<br \/>\nColliers brand, technology and resources to take your career<br \/>\nto the next level.<\/p>\n<p>Contact Brandi Skaggs at Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com to<br \/>\nlearn more about joining Valuation &#038; Advisory Services at<br \/>\nColliers International.<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>1. Call to Order | Rappel \u00e0 l\u2019ordre<\/p>\n<p>2. Chair\u2019s Opening Remarks | Mot d\u2019ouverture du pr\u00e9sident<\/p>\n<p>3. Introduction of Past Presidents and Guests |<br \/>\nPr\u00e9sentation des anciens pr\u00e9sidents et invit\u00e9s<\/p>\n<p>4. Introduction of 2020-2021 Board of Directors |<br \/>\nPr\u00e9sentation du Conseil d\u2019administration 2019-2020<\/p>\n<p>5. Introduction of Parliamentarian, Sergeant at Arms<br \/>\nand Scrutineers | Pr\u00e9sentation du parlementaire,<br \/>\ndu sergent d\u2019armes et des scrutateurs<\/p>\n<p>6. Moment of Silence in Honour of Deceased Members |<br \/>\nMoment de silence en l\u2019honneur des membres d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s<\/p>\n<p>7. Confirmation of Quorum and Proxy\/Electronic Voting |<br \/>\nConfirmation du quorum et du vote par procuration\/<br \/>\nvote \u00e9lectronique<\/p>\n<p>8. Approval of Agenda | Approbation de l\u2019ordre du jour<\/p>\n<p>9. Approval of the Minutes of the 2019 Annual General<br \/>\nMeeting | Approbation du proc\u00e8s-verbal de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rale annuelle de 2019<\/p>\n<p>10.  Business Arising from the Minutes | Affaires d\u00e9coulant<br \/>\ndu proc\u00e8s-verbal<\/p>\n<p>11. President\u2019s Report | Rapport du pr\u00e9sident<\/p>\n<p>12.  CEO\u2019s Report | Rapport du chef de la direction<\/p>\n<p>13. Report on Insurance Subsidiaries (FPLIC and Verity) |<br \/>\nRapport sur les filiales d\u2019assurance (FPLIC et Verity)<\/p>\n<p>14.  Presentation and Receipt of Audited Statements for<br \/>\nthe Year Ending December 31, 2019 | Pr\u00e9sentation et<br \/>\nr\u00e9ception des \u00e9tats financiers v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s pour l\u2019exercice se<br \/>\nterminant le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2019<\/p>\n<p>15. Appointment of Public Accountant for the Year Ending<br \/>\nDecember 31, 2020 | Nomination d\u2019un expert-comptable<br \/>\npour l\u2019exercice se terminant le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2020<\/p>\n<p>16.  Election of the Board of Directors of the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada. | \u00c9lection du Conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>17. New Business | Nouveaux sujets<\/p>\n<p>18.  Adjournment | Ajournement<\/p>\n<p>KEYNOTE<br \/>\nSPEAKERS<\/p>\n<p>2020 ANNUAL GENERAL<br \/>\nMEETING AGENDA<br \/>\nORDRE DU JOUR DE L\u2019ASSEMBL\u00c9E G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE ANNUELLE 2020<\/p>\n<p>Vancouver<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DR. DAVID CHALK<br \/>\nis the Realistic Futurist with a<br \/>\n25 year history of accurately<br \/>\npredicting the interaction<br \/>\nof humans and machines.<br \/>\nAwarded a Doctorate Degree in <\/p>\n<p>technology by the University of the Fraser Valley,<br \/>\nDavid presents what audiences need to know to<br \/>\nsucceed in business, technology and life.<\/p>\n<p>As an expert on technology and disruptive<br \/>\ninnovation, David has been called upon by<br \/>\nStanford University and Microsoft to Homeland<br \/>\nSecurity for his knowledge and consultation.<br \/>\nBack when Windows was being introduced to<br \/>\nthe market, Bill Gates asked David to speak<br \/>\non his behalf to explain the software when he<br \/>\nwas unavailable. David has worked in Artificial<br \/>\nIntelligence at the highest levels and can<br \/>\nunconditionally confirm that humans will always<br \/>\ntriumph over machine and why. He shares the<br \/>\nmany obstacles, challenges and rapid changes he<br \/>\nfaced along the way and why he always embraced<br \/>\nchange as a new opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>David is an engaging Keynote Speaker<br \/>\nwho creates new conversations and who offers<br \/>\naudiences his personal email because he thrives<br \/>\non sharing his experience, expertise and helping<br \/>\nothers succeed.<\/p>\n<p>Le Dr David Chalk est le futuriste r\u00e9aliste avec<br \/>\n25 ans de pr\u00e9diction pr\u00e9cise de l\u2019interaction des<br \/>\nhumains et des machines. Titulaire d\u2019un doctorat<br \/>\nen technologie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Vall\u00e9e du<br \/>\nFraser, David pr\u00e9sente ce que le public doit savoir<br \/>\npour r\u00e9ussir dans les domaines des affaires, de la<br \/>\ntechnologie et de la vie.<\/p>\n<p>En tant qu\u2019expert en technologie et en<br \/>\ninnovation de rupture, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Stanford,<br \/>\nMicrosoft et la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure ont fait appel \u00e0<br \/>\nDavid pour ses connaissances et sa consultation.<br \/>\n\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de l\u2019introduction de Windows sur le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9, Bill Gates avait demand\u00e9 \u00e0 David de<br \/>\nparler en son nom lorsqu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas disponible<br \/>\npour expliquer le logiciel. David a travaill\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nles domaines de l\u2019intelligence artificielle aux plus<br \/>\nhauts niveaux et peut confirmer sans r\u00e9serve<br \/>\nque l\u2019homme triomphera toujours de la machine<br \/>\net pourquoi. Il partage les nombreux obstacles,<br \/>\nd\u00e9fis et changements rapides auxquels il a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9 tout au long de son parcours et explique<br \/>\npourquoi il a toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9 le changement<br \/>\ncomme une nouvelle occasion.<\/p>\n<p>David est un conf\u00e9rencier invit\u00e9 engageant qui<br \/>\ncr\u00e9e de nouvelles conversations et offre au public<br \/>\nson courriel personnel, car il souhaite partager<br \/>\nson exp\u00e9rience, son expertise et aider les autres<br \/>\n\u00e0 r\u00e9ussir.<\/p>\n<p>KEYNOTE<br \/>\nSPEAKERS<\/p>\n<p>BENJAMIN TAL<br \/>\nis responsible for analyzing economic<br \/>\ndevelopments and their implications<br \/>\nfor North American fixed income,<br \/>\nequity, foreign exchange and<br \/>\ncommodities markets. He also acts in <\/p>\n<p>an advisory capacity to bank officers on issues related<br \/>\nto wealth management, household\/corporate credit<br \/>\nand risk.<\/p>\n<p>Well-known for his ground-breaking published<br \/>\nresearch on topics such as labour market dynamics,<br \/>\nreal estate, credit markets, international trade and<br \/>\nbusiness economic conditions, Benjamin not only<br \/>\ncontributes to the conversation but also frequently<br \/>\nsets the agenda.<\/p>\n<p>He has close to 20 years of experience in the<br \/>\nprivate sector advising clients, industry leaders,<br \/>\ncorporate boards, trade associations and governments<br \/>\non economic and financial issues.<\/p>\n<p>National and global media regularly seek him out<br \/>\nfor his insight and analysis on economic issues that<br \/>\nimpact financial markets, consumers, corporations<br \/>\nand public policy. He is also a frequent lecturer in the<br \/>\neconomic programs of various Canadian universities.<\/p>\n<p>Benjamin is a member of the Economic Committee<br \/>\nof The Canadian Chamber of Commerce, The Economic<br \/>\nDevelopment Committee of the Toronto Board of Trade.<br \/>\nHe is also a member of board of Governors of Junior<br \/>\nAchievement of Central Ontario, and a board member<br \/>\nof the Toronto Financial Services Alliance.<\/p>\n<p>Benjamin Tal est responsable de l\u2019analyse de l\u2019\u00e9volution<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9conomie et de ses r\u00e9percussions sur les titres \u00e0<br \/>\nrevenu fixe, les actions, les op\u00e9rations de change et<br \/>\nle march\u00e9 des marchandises de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<br \/>\nIl agit aussi \u00e0 titre de conseiller aupr\u00e8s de cadres<br \/>\nsup\u00e9rieurs de la banque sur des questions li\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nla gestion des avoirs, le cr\u00e9dit aux m\u00e9nages et aux<br \/>\nentreprises, et la gestion du risque.<\/p>\n<p>Renomm\u00e9 pour ses recherches de pointe<br \/>\npubli\u00e9es sur des sujets tels que la dynamique du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 du travail, l\u2019immobilier, les march\u00e9s du<br \/>\ncr\u00e9dit, le commerce international et la conjoncture<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique, Benjamin Tal contribue non seulement<br \/>\n\u00e0 la conversation mais il en d\u00e9termine souvent les<br \/>\nparam\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n<p>Il poss\u00e8de pr\u00e8s de 20 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans le<br \/>\nsecteur priv\u00e9 \u00e0 titre de conseiller sur des questions<br \/>\n\u00e9conomiques et financi\u00e8res aupr\u00e8s de clients, de<br \/>\nchefs de file du secteur, de conseils d\u2019administration<br \/>\nd\u2019entreprise, d\u2019associations professionnelles et de<br \/>\ngouvernements.<\/p>\n<p>Les m\u00e9dias nationaux et internationaux font<br \/>\nr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement appel \u00e0 ses perspectives et \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nanalyses des questions \u00e9conomiques qui touchent<br \/>\nles march\u00e9s financiers, les consommateurs, les<br \/>\nentreprises et les politiques publiques. Il agit<br \/>\nsouvent \u00e0 titre de conf\u00e9rencier des programmes<br \/>\n\u00e9conomiques de diverses universit\u00e9s canadiennes.<\/p>\n<p>Benjamin Tal si\u00e8ge au comit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de<br \/>\nla Chambre de commerce du Canada et au comit\u00e9<br \/>\ndu d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de la Chambre<br \/>\nde commerce de Toronto. Il est aussi membre du<br \/>\nConseil des gouverneurs des Jeunes entreprises du<br \/>\nCanada et membre du conseil de la Toronto Financial<br \/>\nServices Alliance.<\/p>\n<p>BOB MCDONALD<br \/>\nis one of Canada\u2019s best-known science<br \/>\njournalists, bringing science to the public<br \/>\nfor more than 40 years. In addition to<br \/>\nhosting Quirks &#038; Quarks, the award-<br \/>\nwinning science program with a national <\/p>\n<p>audience of nearly 500,000 people, Bob is also a science<br \/>\ncorrespondent for CBC Television\u2019s The National and<br \/>\nGemini-winning host and writer of the children\u2019s series<br \/>\nHead\u2019s Up.<\/p>\n<p>He also hosted The Great Canadian Invention and the<br \/>\nseven-part series Water Under Fire.<\/p>\n<p>The host and writer of numerous television<br \/>\ndocumentaries and more than 100 educational videos in<br \/>\nCanada and the United States, Bob has also authored four<br \/>\nbestselling science books, and contributed to numerous<br \/>\ntextbooks, magazines, and newspapers, including The<br \/>\nGlobe and Mail. His latest book is the forthcoming An<br \/>\nEarthling\u2019s Guide to Outer Space, available in Fall 2019.<\/p>\n<p>An Officer of the Order of Canada and a recipient of<br \/>\nthe Queen\u2019s Jubilee Medal, Bob has been honoured for his<br \/>\noutstanding contribution to the promotion of science with<br \/>\nthe Michael Smith Award from the Natural Sciences and<br \/>\nEngineering Research Council, the Sir Sanford Fleming<br \/>\nMedal from the Royal Canadian Institute, and the McNeil<br \/>\nMedal from The Royal Society of Canada. In 2008, he won<br \/>\na Gemini Award for best host in a pre-school, children\u2019s or<br \/>\nyouth program or series.<\/p>\n<p>Bob holds 12 honorary doctorates from Canadian<br \/>\nuniversities and two honourary College degrees. He also<br \/>\ncurrently sits on the board of Friends of the Dominion<br \/>\nAstrophysical Observatory. In 2014, asteroid 2006 XN67<br \/>\nwas officially named \u201cbobmcdonald\u201d in his honour.<\/p>\n<p>Bob McDonald est l\u2019un des journalistes scientifiques les<br \/>\nplus connus au Canada. Il fait conna\u00eetre la science au<br \/>\npublic depuis plus de 40 ans. En plus d\u2019animer l\u2019\u00e9mission<br \/>\nscientifique prim\u00e9e Quirks &#038; Quarks, qui a attir\u00e9 pr\u00e8s<br \/>\nde 500 000 t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale, Bob est<br \/>\n\u00e9galement correspondant scientifique pour l\u2019\u00e9mission<br \/>\nThe National de CBC Television et animateur et auteur<br \/>\nde la s\u00e9rie pour enfants Head\u2019s Up, qui a remport\u00e9 un<br \/>\nprix Gemini.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9galement anim\u00e9 The Great Canadian Invention et<br \/>\nla s\u00e9rie en sept \u00e9pisodes intitul\u00e9e Water Under Fire.<\/p>\n<p>Animateur et auteur de nombreux documentaires<br \/>\nt\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9s et de plus de 100 vid\u00e9os \u00e9ducatives au Canada<br \/>\net aux \u00c9tats-Unis, Bob est \u00e9galement l\u2019auteur de quatre<br \/>\nlivres scientifiques \u00e0 succ\u00e8s et a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreux<br \/>\nmanuels scolaires, magazines et journaux, dont The Globe<br \/>\nand Mail. Son dernier livre, An Earthling\u2019s Guide to Outer<br \/>\nSpace, sera disponible \u00e0 l\u2019automne 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Officier de l\u2019Ordre du Canada et r\u00e9cipiendaire de la<br \/>\nM\u00e9daille du jubil\u00e9 de la Reine, Bob a re\u00e7u le Prix Michael<br \/>\nSmith du Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et<br \/>\nen g\u00e9nie, la M\u00e9daille Sir Sanford Fleming de l\u2019Institut royal<br \/>\ncanadien et la M\u00e9daille McNeil de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 royale du<br \/>\nCanada pour sa contribution exceptionnelle \u00e0 la promotion<br \/>\ndes sciences. En 2008, il a remport\u00e9 un prix Gemini pour le<br \/>\nmeilleur animateur d\u2019une \u00e9mission ou d\u2019une s\u00e9rie destin\u00e9e<br \/>\naux enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire, aux enfants ou aux jeunes.<\/p>\n<p>Bob d\u00e9tient 12 doctorats honorifiques d\u2019universit\u00e9s<br \/>\ncanadiennes et deux dipl\u00f4mes coll\u00e9giaux honorifiques.<br \/>\nIl si\u00e8ge aussi actuellement au Conseil d\u2019administration<br \/>\nde Friends of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory.<br \/>\nEn 2014, l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde 2006 XN67 a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement nomm\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00ab bobmcdonald \u00bb en son honneur.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 7Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>policy circles and their advice and opinions are<br \/>\nregularly sought out by government. <\/p>\n<p>Advocacy is equal parts art and science,<br \/>\nand making sure that the right message is<br \/>\ndelivered to the right people at the right time<br \/>\nis a constant challenge. Furthermore, the right<br \/>\nbalance must be struck between being an <\/p>\n<p>annoyance to government and providing them<br \/>\nwith the timely and accurate information<br \/>\nthey need to develop and implement<br \/>\nappropriate policy that defends the interests<br \/>\nof appraisers, while ensuring the safety of<br \/>\nthe financial system and the protection of<br \/>\nCanadian investors and homeowners.<\/p>\n<p>O ne of the most significant decisions made by the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) Board of<br \/>\nDirectors in the past 20 years was to<br \/>\nrelocate the AIC national office from its<br \/>\n60-year home in Winnipeg, to Ottawa.<br \/>\nOne of the primary objectives of this<br \/>\nrelocation was to better position AIC and<br \/>\nthe appraisal profession with influencers<br \/>\nwithin the federal government and with<br \/>\nother national real estate organizations.<br \/>\nThe Ottawa association landscape is<br \/>\ncrowded and complex, with scores of<br \/>\nassociations representing hundreds of<br \/>\ngroups ranging from doctors and farmers<br \/>\nto bankers and accountants. All these<br \/>\nassociations are vying for mindshare and<br \/>\nvisibility in Ottawa political and regulatory<br \/>\ncircles. These associations are all looking<br \/>\nto advance their interests, as well as those<br \/>\nof the public, and to influence politicians<br \/>\nand policy makers in ways that are<br \/>\nbeneficial to the health and success of<br \/>\ntheir industries. While governments are<br \/>\nusually willing to listen to all interested<br \/>\nparties as they develop their policies, it<br \/>\nis not always easy for an organization to<br \/>\nmake its voice heard through the noise of<br \/>\nhundreds, if not thousands, of lobbyists.<br \/>\nHigh profile industries like mining, banking<br \/>\nand petroleum have a very high visibility in<\/p>\n<p>Ensuring that our voice<br \/>\nis heard loud and clear<\/p>\n<p>BY KEITH LANCASTLE, MBA, CAE, AACI (HON.), Chief Executive Officer  <\/p>\n<p>AND THOMAS FOX, AACI, P.APP, President<\/p>\n<p>AIC is now at the table with all of the significant<br \/>\nplayers in the Canadian finance and housing markets.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 8 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>The decision to relocate has proven<br \/>\nworthwhile, with AIC gradually making<br \/>\ninroads in advocacy circles in Ottawa.<br \/>\nThe fruits of this labour have become<br \/>\nvery evident, especially in the past five<br \/>\nyears. AIC is now at the table with all of<br \/>\nthe significant players in the Canadian<br \/>\nfinance and housing markets. From the<br \/>\nCanadian Home Builders Association,<br \/>\nthe Canadian Real Estate Association,<br \/>\nMortgage Professionals Canada, the<br \/>\nOffice of the Superintendent of Financial<br \/>\nInstitutions, CMHC and many others, the<br \/>\nrole and importance of appraisers to the<br \/>\neconomy is increasingly well understood.<br \/>\nFurthermore, politicians and public<br \/>\nservants in Ottawa are now familiar with<br \/>\nAIC and have begun to perceive us as a<br \/>\ntrusted advisor in the development of rules<br \/>\nand regulations. AIC\u2018s opinion and input is<br \/>\nnow regularly sought out by governments<br \/>\n\u2013 whether it be in one-on-one meetings<br \/>\nwith MPs, the Minister of Finance and other<br \/>\nCabinet Ministers, public servants or in<br \/>\nappearances before House of Commons<br \/>\nCommittees. Each year, AIC makes pre-<br \/>\nbudget submissions to government and,<br \/>\nfor the past three years, we have appeared<br \/>\nbefore the House of Commons Finance<br \/>\nCommittee to provide insight and input to<br \/>\nthe federal budget development process.<\/p>\n<p>AIC has established itself in a credible<br \/>\nand respected position in Ottawa. While<br \/>\nwe have realized significant success, it is<br \/>\nimportant to remember that advocacy is a<br \/>\nmarathon and not a sprint. It has taken 10<br \/>\nto 15 years for AIC to reach its position of<br \/>\ncredibility and prominence in Ottawa and<br \/>\nit will require even more work to maintain<br \/>\nand solidify that position. We must continue<br \/>\nour efforts to ensure that our voice<br \/>\ncontinues to be heard. Beyond federal<br \/>\ngovernment advocacy, AIC, in partnership<br \/>\nwith provincial affiliates, is now actively<br \/>\ninvolved in provincial advocacy efforts.<br \/>\nThis includes Queen\u2019s Park Day (annual day <\/p>\n<p>Our advocacy efforts are a long game and we will continue to build on our successes.<\/p>\n<p>at the Ontario legislature meeting with<br \/>\nMembers of Provincial Parliament) in<br \/>\nOntario, work in British Columbia and in<br \/>\nAlberta, and working with other provinces<br \/>\nto make submissions to their governments<br \/>\nto advocate for sound and responsible<br \/>\nhousing and finance policy. <\/p>\n<p>As we know, the work of appraisers<br \/>\nis often done behind the scenes, but it<br \/>\nis nonetheless of critical importance.<br \/>\nRaising awareness among the general<br \/>\npublic, government and real estate<br \/>\nstakeholders of the role we play in the<br \/>\nCanadian economy is, and will continue to<br \/>\nbe, a constant challenge. Increasing that<br \/>\nawareness and understanding requires <\/p>\n<p>AIC to be strategic, consistent,<br \/>\ndeliberate and persistent in the delivery<br \/>\nof its messages to government and real<br \/>\nestate stakeholders. In measurable<br \/>\nways, AIC is succeeding in differentiating<br \/>\nitself from other stakeholders and<br \/>\nestablishing a firm position as a<br \/>\ntrusted advisor to politicians and public<br \/>\nservants. But, as with any established<br \/>\nrelationship, our advocacy efforts are a<br \/>\nlong game and we will continue to build<br \/>\non our successes. Working closely with<br \/>\nour volunteers, committees and Board of<br \/>\nDirectors, AIC has been able to achieve<br \/>\nmuch to be proud of and the future<br \/>\nlooks bright. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 9Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"smumraqnAL\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/\">CRVG Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;CRVG Home&#8221; &#8212; CRVG - Canadian Resource Valuation Group\" src=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/embed\/#?secret=GP0earjbwK#?secret=smumraqnAL\" data-secret=\"smumraqnAL\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\ninfo@crvg.com<\/p>\n<p>et les p\u00e9troli\u00e8res sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sentes dans<br \/>\nles cercles politiques et le gouvernement<br \/>\nleur demande souvent leur avis et leur<br \/>\nopinion sur diff\u00e9rents sujets.<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats rel\u00e8ve aussi<br \/>\nbien de l\u2019art que de la science et s\u2019assurer<br \/>\nque le bon message est livr\u00e9 aux bonnes<br \/>\npersonnes au bon moment est toujours<br \/>\nun d\u00e9fi. De plus, il faut atteindre un<br \/>\njuste \u00e9quilibre entre devenir aga\u00e7ant<br \/>\npour le gouvernement et lui fournir<br \/>\nl\u2019information opportune et exacte dont il<br \/>\na besoin pour \u00e9laborer et instaurer les<br \/>\npolitiques appropri\u00e9es qui d\u00e9fendront<br \/>\nles int\u00e9r\u00eats des \u00e9valuateurs, tout en<br \/>\nassurant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me financier<br \/>\net la protection des investisseurs et des<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taires canadiens.<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9cision de d\u00e9m\u00e9nager s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e<br \/>\nfructueuse, car elle a permis \u00e0 l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nd\u2019ouvrir petit \u00e0 petit des portes dans les<br \/>\ncercles de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 Ottawa.<br \/>\nLes fruits de ce labeur sont devenus<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s \u00e9vidents, surtout depuis cinq ans.<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE est maintenant \u00e0 la table avec tous<br \/>\nles grands joueurs de la finance et des<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9s immobiliers du pays. Que ce<br \/>\nsoit pour l\u2019Association canadienne des<br \/>\nconstructeurs d\u2019habitations, l\u2019Association<br \/>\ncanadienne de l\u2019immeuble, Professionnels<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires du Canada, le Bureau du<br \/>\nsurintendant des institutions financi\u00e8res, <\/p>\n<p>la SCHL ou pour beaucoup d\u2019autres, le<br \/>\nr\u00f4le et l\u2019importance des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\ndans l\u2019\u00e9conomie est de mieux en mieux<br \/>\ncompris. Qui plus est, les politiciens<br \/>\net les fonctionnaires d\u2019Ottawa sont<br \/>\nmaintenant familiers avec l\u2019ICE et ils<br \/>\nont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 nous voir comme<br \/>\ndes conseillers de confiance dans<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9laboration des r\u00e8glements. Maintenant,<br \/>\nles gouvernements recherchent souvent<br \/>\nl\u2019opinion et la contribution de l\u2019ICE, que<br \/>\nce soit dans des rencontres en t\u00eate-\u00e0-<br \/>\nt\u00eate avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s, avec le ministre<br \/>\ndes Finances ou d\u2019autres ministres du<br \/>\nCabinet, avec des fonctionnaires ou lors<br \/>\nde comparutions devant les comit\u00e9s de<br \/>\nla Chambre des communes. Chaque<br \/>\nann\u00e9e, l\u2019ICE pr\u00e9sente des m\u00e9moires<br \/>\npr\u00e9budg\u00e9taires au gouvernement et,<br \/>\ndepuis trois ans, nous avons comparu<br \/>\ndevant le Comit\u00e9 permanent des finances <\/p>\n<p>L \u2019une des plus importantes d\u00e9cisions prises par le Conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019ICE dans les 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es fut<br \/>\nde d\u00e9m\u00e9nager son bureau national \u00e0<br \/>\nOttawa, alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Winnipeg<br \/>\ndepuis 60 ans. L\u2019un des grands objectifs<br \/>\ndu d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement \u00e9tait de rapprocher<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et les \u00e9valuateurs professionnels<br \/>\ndes influenceurs du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<br \/>\net d\u2019autres organisations immobili\u00e8res<br \/>\nnationales. Le paysage associatif d\u2019Ottawa<br \/>\nest charg\u00e9 et complexe, avec une foule<br \/>\nd\u2019associations repr\u00e9sentant des centaines<br \/>\nde groupes, allant des m\u00e9decins aux<br \/>\nproducteurs, en passant par les banquiers<br \/>\net les comptables. Toutes ces associations<br \/>\ncherchent la communion d\u2019esprit et la<br \/>\nvisibilit\u00e9 dans les sph\u00e8res de la politique<br \/>\net de la r\u00e9glementation \u00e0 Ottawa. Elles<br \/>\nveulent faire progresser leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats et<br \/>\nceux du public, et influencer les politiciens<br \/>\net les d\u00e9cideurs de fa\u00e7on b\u00e9n\u00e9fique \u00e0 la<br \/>\nviabilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite de leurs industries.<br \/>\nLes gouvernements sont habituellement<br \/>\ndispos\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9couter toutes les parties<br \/>\nint\u00e9ress\u00e9es en forgeant leurs politiques,<br \/>\nalors il n\u2019est pas toujours facile pour une<br \/>\norganisation de faire entendre sa voix dans<br \/>\nle bruit assourdissant de centaines, sinon<br \/>\nde milliers de lobbyistes. Les industries<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s en vue comme les mines, les banques <\/p>\n<p>Veiller \u00e0 ce que notre voix<br \/>\nsoit entendue haut et fort<\/p>\n<p>PAR KEITH LANCASTLE, MBA, CAE, AACI (HON.), Chef de la direction  <\/p>\n<p>ET THOMAS FOX, AACI, P.APP, Pr\u00e9sident <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE est maintenant \u00e0<br \/>\nla table avec tous les<br \/>\ngrands joueurs de la<br \/>\nfinance et des march\u00e9s<br \/>\nimmobiliers du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 10 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>pour fournir des perspectives et des<br \/>\nsuggestions \u00e9clairant le processus<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9laboration du budget f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE s\u2019est acquis une position cr\u00e9dible<br \/>\net respect\u00e9e \u00e0 Ottawa. M\u00eame si nous<br \/>\navons obtenu de beaux succ\u00e8s, il faut se<br \/>\nsouvenir que la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats est<br \/>\nun marathon et non un sprint. Il a fallu \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE 10 \u00e0 15 ans pour acqu\u00e9rir sa position<br \/>\nde cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Ottawa, et<br \/>\ncela prendra encore plus de travail pour<br \/>\nmaintenir et consolider cette position.<br \/>\nNous devons poursuivre nos efforts<br \/>\npour assurer que notre voix continue \u00e0<br \/>\nse faire entendre. \u00c0 part la d\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral,<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE, en partenariat avec ses affili\u00e9es<br \/>\nprovinciales, est maintenant activement<br \/>\nimpliqu\u00e9 dans des initiatives de d\u00e9fense<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats provinciaux en Ontario,<br \/>\nincluant la journ\u00e9e \u00e0 Queen\u2019s Park (journ\u00e9e<br \/>\nannuelle pour rencontrer des d\u00e9put\u00e9s<br \/>\nprovinciaux \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019Ontario), du travail en Colombie-<br \/>\nBritannique, en Alberta et dans d\u2019autres<br \/>\nprovinces pour faire des soumissions \u00e0<br \/>\nleurs gouvernements afin de promouvoir<br \/>\ndes politiques saines et responsables en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re de logement et de finance.<\/p>\n<p>des intervenants de l\u2019immobilier sur le<br \/>\nr\u00f4le que nous jouons dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie<br \/>\ncanadienne est \u2013 et continuera d\u2019\u00eatre<br \/>\n\u2013 un d\u00e9fi de tous les instants. Accro\u00eetre<br \/>\nla sensibilisation et la compr\u00e9hension<br \/>\nrequiert que l\u2019ICE soit strat\u00e9gique,<br \/>\ncoh\u00e9rent, d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 et persistant<br \/>\ndans la livraison de son message au<br \/>\ngouvernement et aux intervenants de<br \/>\nl\u2019immobilier. L\u2019ICE r\u00e9ussit, de fa\u00e7on<br \/>\nmesurable, \u00e0 se distinguer des autres<br \/>\nintervenants et \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une position ferme<br \/>\ncomme conseiller fiable des politiciens et<br \/>\nfonctionnaires. Mais, comme pour toute<br \/>\nrelation bien fond\u00e9e, nos activit\u00e9s pour<br \/>\nla d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats se d\u00e9roulent \u00e0<br \/>\nlong terme et nous continuerons \u00e0 nous<br \/>\nappuyer sur nos r\u00e9ussites. Travaillant<br \/>\n\u00e9troitement avec nos b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, les<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9s et le Conseil d\u2019administration ont<br \/>\naccompli beaucoup de choses dont ils<br \/>\npeuvent \u00eatre fiers, alors que l\u2019avenir est<br \/>\ndes plus prometteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Nos activit\u00e9s pour la<br \/>\nd\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats se<br \/>\nd\u00e9roulent \u00e0 long terme<br \/>\net nous continuerons \u00e0<br \/>\nnous appuyer sur nos<br \/>\nr\u00e9ussites.<\/p>\n<p>Comme nous le savons, le travail des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs se fait souvent en coulisses,<br \/>\nmais son importance n\u2019en est pas moins<br \/>\ncritique. Augmenter la sensibilisation<br \/>\ndu grand public, du gouvernement et <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 11Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>JOB?JOB?WILL AI STEAL YOUR<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT ARE THE USES FOR AI?<\/p>\n<p>AI is ubiquitous today, used to recommend what you should buy<br \/>\nnext online, to understand what you say to virtual assistants such<br \/>\nas Amazon\u2019s Alexa and Apple\u2019s Siri, to recognize who and what is<br \/>\nin a photo, to spot spam, or to detect credit card fraud.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AI?<\/p>\n<p>At a very high level, artificial intelligence can be split into two<br \/>\nbroad types: narrow AI and general AI.<\/p>\n<p>Narrow AI is what we see all around us in computers today:<br \/>\nintelligent systems that have been taught or learned how to carry out<br \/>\nspecific tasks without being explicitly programmed how to do so.<\/p>\n<p>This type of machine intelligence is evident in the speech and<br \/>\nlanguage recognition of the Siri virtual assistant on the Apple<br \/>\niPhone, in the vision-recognition systems on self-driving cars,<br \/>\nin the recommendation engines that suggest products you might<br \/>\nlike based on what you bought in the past. Unlike humans, these<br \/>\nsystems can only learn or be taught how to do specific tasks,<br \/>\nwhich is why they are called narrow AI.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT CAN NARROW AI DO?<\/p>\n<p>There is a vast number of emerging applications for narrow<br \/>\nAI: interpreting video feeds from drones carrying out visual<br \/>\ninspections of infrastructure such as oil pipelines, organizing<br \/>\npersonal and business calendars, responding to simple<br \/>\ncustomer-service queries, coordinating with other intelligent<br \/>\nsystems to carry out tasks like booking a hotel at a suitable time<br \/>\nand location, helping radiologists to spot potential tumors in<br \/>\nX-rays, flagging inappropriate content online, detecting wear and<br \/>\ntear in elevators from data gathered by Internet of Things (IoT)<br \/>\ndevices, the list goes on and on.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT CAN GENERAL AI DO?<\/p>\n<p>Artificial general intelligence (AGI)<br \/>\nis very different from narrow AI,<br \/>\nand is the type of adaptable intellect<br \/>\nfound in humans, a flexible form of<br \/>\nintelligence capable of learning how<br \/>\nto carry out vastly different tasks,<br \/>\nanything from haircutting to building<br \/>\nspreadsheets, or to reason about a<br \/>\nwide variety of topics based on its<br \/>\naccumulated experience. This is the<br \/>\nsort of AI more commonly seen in<br \/>\nmovies, the likes of HAL in 2001 or<br \/>\nSkynet in The Terminator, but which<\/p>\n<p>does not exist today and AI experts are fiercely divided over how<br \/>\nsoon it will become a reality.<\/p>\n<p>That said, some AI experts believe such projections are wildly<br \/>\noptimistic given our limited understanding of the human brain,<br \/>\nand believe that AGI is still centuries away.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?<\/p>\n<p>Currently enjoying something of a resurgence, machine learning<br \/>\nis where a computer system is fed large amounts of data, which<br \/>\nit then uses to learn how to carry out a specific task, such as<br \/>\nunderstanding speech or captioning a photograph.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHAT ARE NEURAL NETWORKS?<\/p>\n<p>Key to the process of machine learning is neural networks.<br \/>\nThese are brain-inspired networks of interconnected layers of<br \/>\nalgorithms, called neurons, that feed data into each other, and<br \/>\nwhich can be trained to carry out specific tasks by modifying<br \/>\nthe importance attributed to input data as it passes between the<br \/>\nlayers. During training of these neural networks, the weights<br \/>\nattached to different inputs will continue to be varied until the<br \/>\noutput from the neural network is very close to what is desired,<br \/>\nat which point the network will have \u2018learned\u2019 how to carry out a<br \/>\nparticular task.<\/p>\n<p>A subset of machine learning is deep learning, where neural<br \/>\nnetworks are expanded into sprawling networks with a huge<br \/>\nnumber of layers that are trained using massive amounts of data.<br \/>\nIt is these deep neural networks that have fueled the current leap<br \/>\nforward in the ability of computers to carry out tasks like speech<br \/>\nrecognition and computer vision.<\/p>\n<p>Another area of AI research is evolutionary computation,<br \/>\nwhich borrows from Darwin\u2019s famous theory of natural selection, <\/p>\n<p>BACK IN THE 1950s, Minsky and McCarthy, the fathers of artificial<br \/>\nintelligence (AI) described it as any task performed by a program or a machine that, if carried<br \/>\nout by a human, would be considered to have intelligence applied to accomplish the task.<br \/>\nThat is obviously a fairly broad definition, which is why you will sometimes see arguments over<br \/>\nwhether something is truly AI or not.<\/p>\n<p>AI systems will typically demonstrate at least some of the following behaviors associated with<br \/>\nhuman intelligence: planning, learning, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation,<br \/>\nperception, motion, manipulation, and, to a lesser extent, social intelligence and creativity.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 13Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>and sees genetic algorithms undergo random mutations and<br \/>\ncombinations between generations in an attempt to evolve the<br \/>\noptimal solution to a given problem.<\/p>\n<p>This approach has even been used to help design AI models,<br \/>\neffectively using AI to help build AI. This use of evolutionary<br \/>\nalgorithms to optimize neural networks is called neuroevolution,<br \/>\nand could have an important role to play in helping design efficient<br \/>\nAI as the use of intelligent systems becomes more prevalent,<br \/>\nparticularly as demand for data scientists often outstrips supply.<br \/>\nThe technique was recently showcased by Uber AI Labs, which<br \/>\nreleased papers on using genetic algorithms to train deep neural<br \/>\nnetworks for reinforcement learning problems.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, there are expert systems, where computers are<br \/>\nprogrammed with rules that allow them to take a series of<br \/>\ndecisions based on a large number of inputs, allowing that<br \/>\nmachine to mimic the behavior of a human expert in a specific<br \/>\ndomain. An example of these knowledge-based systems might be,<br \/>\nfor example, an autopilot system flying a plane.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WILL AI KILL US ALL?<\/p>\n<p>Again, it depends who you ask. As AI-powered systems have grown<br \/>\nmore capable, so the warnings of the downsides have become<br \/>\nmore dire.<\/p>\n<p>Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has claimed that AI is a<br \/>\n\u201cfundamental risk to the existence of human civilization.\u201d As part<br \/>\nof his push for stronger regulatory oversight and more responsible<br \/>\nresearch into mitigating the downsides of AI he set up OpenAI, a<br \/>\nnon-profit artificial intelligence research company that aims to<br \/>\npromote and develop friendly AI that will benefit society as a whole.<br \/>\nSimilarly, the esteemed physicist Stephen Hawking has warned that,<br \/>\nonce a sufficiently advanced AI is created, it will rapidly advance<br \/>\nto the point at which it vastly outstrips human capabilities, a<br \/>\nphenomenon known as the singularity, and could pose an existential<br \/>\nthreat to the human race. Yet, the notion that humanity is on the<br \/>\nverge of an AI explosion that will dwarf our intellect seems ludicrous<br \/>\nto some AI researchers.<\/p>\n<p>Chris Bishop, Microsoft\u2019s director of research in Cambridge,<br \/>\nEngland, stresses how different the narrow intelligence of AI today<br \/>\nis from the general intelligence of humans, saying that when people<br \/>\nworry about \u201cTerminator, the rise of the machines, and so on, it is<br \/>\nutter nonsense. At best, such discussions are decades away.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WILL AN AI STEAL YOUR JOB?<\/p>\n<p>The possibility of artificially intelligent systems replacing much<br \/>\nof modern manual labour is perhaps a more credible near-future<br \/>\npossibility.<\/p>\n<p>While AI will not replace all jobs, what seems to be certain is that<br \/>\nAI will change the nature of work, with the only question being how<br \/>\nrapidly and how profoundly automation will alter the workplace.<\/p>\n<p>There is barely a field of human endeavour that AI does not<br \/>\nhave the potential to impact. As AI expert Andrew Ng puts it: \u201cMany<br \/>\npeople are doing routine, repetitive jobs. Unfortunately, technology<br \/>\nis especially good at automating routine, repetitive work,\u201d saying he<br \/>\nsees a \u201csignificant risk of technological unemployment over the next<br \/>\nfew decades.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The evidence of which jobs will be supplanted is starting to<br \/>\nemerge. Amazon has just launched Amazon Go, a cashier-free<br \/>\nsupermarket in Seattle where customers take items from the<br \/>\nshelves and walk out. What this means for the more than three<br \/>\nmillion people in the US who work as cashiers remains to be<br \/>\nseen. Amazon again is leading the way in using robots to improve<br \/>\nefficiency inside its warehouses. These robots carry shelves<br \/>\nof products to human pickers who select items to be sent out.<br \/>\nAmazon has more than 100,000 bots in its fulfilment centers,<br \/>\nwith plans to add many more. But Amazon also stresses that,<br \/>\nas the number of bots have grown, so has the number of human <\/p>\n<p>What AI and algorithms are not<br \/>\ngood at is dealing with ambiguity <\/p>\n<p>and gray areas. They do<br \/>\nnot understand context<br \/>\nor nuance, and so they<br \/>\nare not good at making <\/p>\n<p>judgment calls. That<br \/>\nis where humans are <\/p>\n<p>much faster and<br \/>\nmore accurate.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 14 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>workers in these warehouses. However, Amazon and small robotics<br \/>\nfirms are working to automate the remaining manual jobs in the<br \/>\nwarehouse, so it is not a given that manual and robotic labor will<br \/>\ncontinue to grow hand-in-hand.<\/p>\n<p>Fully autonomous self-driving vehicles are not a reality yet, but,<br \/>\nby some predictions, the self-driving trucking industry alone is<br \/>\npoised to take over 1.7 million jobs in the next decade, even without<br \/>\nconsidering the impact on couriers and taxi drivers.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, some of the easiest jobs to automate will not even require<br \/>\nrobotics. At present, there are millions of people working in<br \/>\nadministration, entering and copying data between systems, chasing<br \/>\nand booking appointments for companies. As software gets better at<br \/>\nautomatically updating systems and flagging the information that is<br \/>\nimportant, so the need for administrators will fall.<\/p>\n<p>As with every technological shift, new jobs will be created to<br \/>\nreplace those lost. However, what is uncertain is whether these<br \/>\nnew roles will be created rapidly enough to offer employment to<br \/>\nthose displaced, and whether the newly unemployed will have the<br \/>\nnecessary skills or temperament to fill these emerging roles.<\/p>\n<p>Not everyone is a pessimist. For some, AI is a technology that<br \/>\nwill augment, rather than replace, workers. Not only that, but they<br \/>\nargue there will be a commercial imperative to not replace people<br \/>\noutright, as an AI-assisted worker \u2013 think a human concierge with<br \/>\nan Augmented Reality headset that tells them exactly what a client<br \/>\nwants before they ask for it \u2013 will be more productive or effective<br \/>\nthan an AI working on its own.<\/p>\n<p>Among AI experts, there is a broad range of opinion<br \/>\nabout how quickly artificially intelligent systems will surpass<br \/>\nhuman capabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Oxford University\u2019s Future of Humanity Institute asked several<br \/>\nhundred machine-learning experts to predict AI capabilities over<br \/>\nthe coming decades.<\/p>\n<p>Notable dates included AI writing essays that could pass for being<br \/>\nwritten by a human by 2026, truck drivers being made redundant by<br \/>\n2027, AI surpassing human capabilities in retail by 2031, writing a<br \/>\nbest-seller by 2049, and doing a surgeon\u2019s work by 2053.<\/p>\n<p>They estimated there was a relatively high chance that AI beats<br \/>\nhumans at all tasks within 45 years and automates all human jobs<br \/>\nwithin 120 years.<\/p>\n<p>The 21st century\u2019s longest shadow hanging over the technology<br \/>\nindustry, workers, and humanity in general, is the effect that artificial<br \/>\nintelligence, robots, and automation are going to have on jobs.<br \/>\nThe popular narrative is generally filled with lots of doom-and-gloom<br \/>\nabout AI wiping out whole industries and millions of people going<br \/>\nunemployed, but let\u2019s take a little reality check and look at where<br \/>\nhumans do a better job than AI, and vice versa, to give you some context<br \/>\nfor how the workforce of the future is going to change.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHERE HUMANS WIN<\/p>\n<p>However, what AI and algorithms are not good at is dealing with<br \/>\nambiguity and gray areas. They do not understand context or<br \/>\nnuance, and so they are not good at making judgment calls.<br \/>\nThat is where humans are much faster and more accurate.<\/p>\n<p>One of the dirty little secrets about AI and big data is that the<br \/>\ntech giants working on it are hiring lots of human beings to sort,<br \/>\norganize, cleanse, and prepare the data to be analyzed by the<br \/>\nalgorithms \u2013 because humans are better at it.<\/p>\n<p>As more and more of the economy gets digitized and<br \/>\nautomated, it is going to create more opportunities for humans<br \/>\nwith critical thinking skills. And those are not just white-collar<br \/>\njobs either. Robots and AI will not be fixing your plumbing or<br \/>\nbuilding skyscrapers. But, they will provide those workers<br \/>\nwith data that can help them work faster, more efficiently, and<br \/>\nmore safely. <\/p>\n<p>As more and more of the<br \/>\neconomy gets digitized<br \/>\nand automated, it is<br \/>\ngoing to create more<br \/>\nopportunities for<br \/>\nhumans with critical<br \/>\nthinking skills.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e WHERE AI WINS<\/p>\n<p>It is no secret that algorithms and robots can outperform humans<br \/>\nat repetitive tasks and solving problems that involve processing<br \/>\nlarge, well-organized data sets. Humans get bored and distracted<br \/>\ndoing the same things over and over again. Robots and computers<br \/>\nare singularly focused.<\/p>\n<p>Humans are also slow and prone to error when processing and<br \/>\nevaluating patterns in big data. Algorithms have long since lapped<br \/>\nus. That is why IBM\u2019s Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov in chess in<br \/>\n1997, and it is why Google DeepMind beat Lee Sedol in the Game<br \/>\nof Go in 2016. They used pattern analysis on datasets with very<br \/>\nclear rules and parameters.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 15Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EST-CE QUE L\u2019IA VA VOUS VOLER VOTRE<\/p>\n<p>EMPLOI?EMPLOI?<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QUELLES SONT LES UTILISATIONS DE L\u2019IA?<\/p>\n<p>De nos jours, l\u2019IA est omnipr\u00e9sente. On l\u2019utilise pour vous<br \/>\nrecommander vos prochains achats en ligne, pour comprendre<br \/>\nce que vous dites aux assistants virtuels tels que Alexa d\u2019Amazon<br \/>\net Siri d\u2019Apple, pour reconna\u00eetre les objets et personnes qui<br \/>\nse trouvent sur une photo, pour rep\u00e9rer les pourriels ou pour<br \/>\nd\u00e9tecter les tentatives de fraude sur carte de cr\u00e9dit.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QUELS SONT LES DIFF\u00c9RENTS TYPES D\u2019IA?<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 un niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle peut \u00eatre divis\u00e9e<br \/>\nen deux grands types : l&rsquo;IA \u00e9troite et l&rsquo;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019IA \u00e9troite est ce que nous voyons tout autour de nous dans<br \/>\nles ordinateurs aujourd\u2019hui : des syst\u00e8mes intelligents auxquels<br \/>\non a enseign\u00e9 ou qui ont appris \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques<br \/>\nsans \u00eatre explicitement programm\u00e9s pour le faire.<\/p>\n<p>Ce type d\u2019intelligence artificielle est \u00e9vident dans la<br \/>\nreconnaissance de la parole et du langage de l\u2019assistant virtuel<br \/>\nSiri sur l\u2019iPhone d\u2019Apple, dans les syst\u00e8mes de reconnaissance<br \/>\nde la vision sur les voitures \u00e0 conduite autonome, dans les<br \/>\nmoteurs de recommandation qui sugg\u00e8rent des produits que<br \/>\nvous pourriez aimer en fonction de ce que vous avez achet\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nle pass\u00e9. Contrairement aux humains, ces syst\u00e8mes ne peuvent<br \/>\napprendre ou se faire apprendre \u00e0 effectuer que des t\u00e2ches<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cifiques, d\u2019o\u00f9 leur nom d\u2019IA \u00e9troite.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QUE PEUT FAIRE L\u2019IA \u00c9TROITE?<\/p>\n<p>Il existe un grand nombre d\u2019applications \u00e9mergentes de l\u2019IA \u00e9troite<br \/>\n: interpr\u00e9ter les flux vid\u00e9o des drones effectuant des inspections<br \/>\nvisuelles d\u2019infrastructures telles que les ol\u00e9oducs, organiser<br \/>\ndes calendriers personnels et professionnels, r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des<br \/>\ndemandes simples de service \u00e0 la client\u00e8le, coordonner avec<br \/>\nd\u2019autres syst\u00e8mes intelligents pour effectuer des t\u00e2ches telles que<br \/>\nla r\u00e9servation d\u2019un h\u00f4tel \u00e0 un moment et un endroit appropri\u00e9s,<br \/>\naider les radiologues \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer des tumeurs potentielles sur les<br \/>\nradiographies, signaler un contenu inappropri\u00e9 en ligne, d\u00e9tecter<br \/>\nl\u2019usure des ascenseurs \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es recueillies par les<\/p>\n<p>dispositifs de l\u2019internet des objets<br \/>\n(IdO), la liste est longue.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QUE PEUT FAIRE L\u2019IA G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE?<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<br \/>\n(IAG) est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente de l\u2019IA \u00e9troite.<br \/>\nC\u2019est le type d\u2019intelligence adaptable<br \/>\nque l\u2019on trouve chez l\u2019homme, une<br \/>\nforme d\u2019intelligence souple, capable<br \/>\nd\u2019apprendre \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes, depuis la coupe<br \/>\nde cheveux jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la construction<br \/>\nde tableurs, ou \u00e0 raisonner sur une<br \/>\ngrande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de sujets en se basant<br \/>\nsur son exp\u00e9rience accumul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est le type d&rsquo;IA que l&rsquo;on voit plus souvent dans les films,<br \/>\ncomme HAL dans Odyss\u00e9e 2001 ou Skynet dans The Terminator,<br \/>\nmais qui n\u2019existe pas encore et sur laquelle les experts en<br \/>\nIA sont farouchement divis\u00e9s quant \u00e0 la date \u00e0 laquelle elle<br \/>\ndeviendra r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Cela dit, certains experts en IA estiment que ces projections<br \/>\nsont extr\u00eamement optimistes compte tenu de notre compr\u00e9hension<br \/>\nlimit\u00e9e du cerveau humain, et pensent qu\u2019il faudra attendre encore<br \/>\nquelques si\u00e8cles avant que l\u2019IAG ne devienne une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QU\u2019EST-CE QUE L\u2019APPRENTISSAGE MACHINE?<\/p>\n<p>Actuellement en pleine r\u00e9surgence, l\u2019apprentissage machine<br \/>\nconsiste \u00e0 alimenter un syst\u00e8me informatique avec de grandes<br \/>\nquantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es, qu\u2019il utilise ensuite pour apprendre \u00e0<br \/>\neffectuer une t\u00e2che sp\u00e9cifique, comme par exemple comprendre<br \/>\nun discours ou sous-titrer une photographie.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e QUE SONT LES R\u00c9SEAUX DE NEURONES?<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9seaux de neurones sont la cl\u00e9 du processus<br \/>\nd\u2019apprentissage machine. Il s\u2019agit de r\u00e9seaux model\u00e9s sur le<br \/>\ncerveau, constitu\u00e9s de couches d\u2019algorithmes interconnect\u00e9es,<br \/>\nappel\u00e9es neurones, qui s\u2019alimentent mutuellement en donn\u00e9es<br \/>\net qui peuvent \u00eatre entra\u00een\u00e9es \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques<br \/>\nen modifiant l\u2019importance attribu\u00e9e aux donn\u00e9es d\u2019entr\u00e9e<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019elles passent entre les couches. Pendant la formation<br \/>\nde ces r\u00e9seaux de neurones, les poids attach\u00e9s aux diff\u00e9rentes<br \/>\nentr\u00e9es continueront \u00e0 varier jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la sortie du r\u00e9seau<br \/>\nde neurones soit tr\u00e8s proche de ce qui est souhait\u00e9, moment<br \/>\nauquel le r\u00e9seau aura \u00ab appris \u00bb \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter une t\u00e2che donn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Un sous-ensemble de l\u2019apprentissage machine est<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage profond, o\u00f9 les r\u00e9seaux neuronaux sont \u00e9tendus<br \/>\nen r\u00e9seaux tentaculaires avec un tr\u00e8s grand nombre de couches<br \/>\nqui sont form\u00e9es en utilisant des quantit\u00e9s massives de donn\u00e9es.<br \/>\nCe sont ces r\u00e9seaux neuronaux profonds qui ont propuls\u00e9 la<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9 des ordinateurs \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches telles que la<br \/>\nreconnaissance vocale et la vision par ordinateur. <\/p>\n<p>DANS LES ANN\u00c9ES 1950, Minsky et McCarthy, les p\u00e8res de<br \/>\nl\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA), la d\u00e9crivaient comme toute t\u00e2che ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e par un programme ou<br \/>\nune machine qui, si elle \u00e9tait effectu\u00e9e par un humain, exigerait le recours \u00e0 une intelligence<br \/>\nappliqu\u00e9e. Il s\u2019agit \u00e9videmment d\u2019une d\u00e9finition assez g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, c\u2019est pourquoi vous verrez<br \/>\nparfois des discussions sur la question de savoir si quelque chose est vraiment une IA ou non. <\/p>\n<p>Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA pr\u00e9sentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au moins certains des comportements suivants<br \/>\nassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence humaine : planification, apprentissage, raisonnement, r\u00e9solution de<br \/>\nprobl\u00e8mes, repr\u00e9sentation des connaissances, perception, mouvement, manipulation et, dans<br \/>\nune moindre mesure, intelligence sociale et cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 17Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Un autre domaine de la recherche en IA est le calcul \u00e9volutif,<br \/>\nqui emprunte \u00e0 la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre th\u00e9orie de la s\u00e9lection naturelle de<br \/>\nDarwin, et voit les algorithmes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques subir des mutations<br \/>\net des combinaisons al\u00e9atoires entre g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pour tenter de<br \/>\ntrouver la solution optimale \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me donn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Cette approche a m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour aider \u00e0 concevoir<br \/>\ndes mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA, en utilisant efficacement l\u2019IA pour aider \u00e0<br \/>\nconstruire l\u2019IA. Cette utilisation d\u2019algorithmes \u00e9volutifs pour<br \/>\noptimiser les r\u00e9seaux de neurones est appel\u00e9e \u00ab neuro\u00e9volution \u00bb<br \/>\net pourrait jouer un r\u00f4le important dans la conception d\u2019une<br \/>\nIA efficace \u00e0 mesure que l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes intelligents<br \/>\nse r\u00e9pand, notamment parce que la demande de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\nscientifiques d\u00e9passe souvent l\u2019offre. La technique a r\u00e9cemment<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par Uber AI Labs, qui a publi\u00e9 des articles sur<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation d\u2019algorithmes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pour entra\u00eener les r\u00e9seaux<br \/>\nneuronaux profonds \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes d\u2019apprentissage de<br \/>\nrenforcement.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, il existe des syst\u00e8mes experts, o\u00f9 les ordinateurs sont<br \/>\nprogramm\u00e9s avec des r\u00e8gles qui leur permettent de prendre<br \/>\nune s\u00e9rie de d\u00e9cisions bas\u00e9es sur un grand nombre d\u2019entr\u00e9es,<br \/>\npermettant \u00e0 cette machine d\u2019imiter le comportement d\u2019un expert<br \/>\nhumain dans un domaine sp\u00e9cifique. Un exemple de ces syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nbas\u00e9s sur la connaissance pourrait \u00eatre, par exemple, un syst\u00e8me<br \/>\nde pilotage automatique d\u2019un avion.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e EST-CE QUE L\u2019IA VA TOUS NOUS AFFECTER?<\/p>\n<p>Encore une fois, cela d\u00e9pend d\u2019\u00e0 qui vous le demandez. Au fur<br \/>\net \u00e0 mesure que les syst\u00e8mes aliment\u00e9s par l\u2019IA sont devenus<br \/>\nplus performants, les avertissements sur les inconv\u00e9nients sont<br \/>\ndevenus de plus en plus graves.<\/p>\n<p>Elon Musk, PDG de Tesla et SpaceX, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019IA est un<br \/>\n\u00ab risque fondamental pour l\u2019existence de la civilisation humaine \u00bb.<br \/>\nDans le cadre de sa campagne pour une surveillance r\u00e9glementaire<br \/>\nplus forte et une recherche plus responsable pour att\u00e9nuer les<br \/>\ninconv\u00e9nients de l\u2019IA, il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 OpenAI, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de recherche<br \/>\nen intelligence artificielle \u00e0 but non lucratif qui vise \u00e0 promouvoir<br \/>\net \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une IA conviviale qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiera \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nson ensemble. De m\u00eame, l\u2019estim\u00e9 physicien Stephen Hawking a<br \/>\naverti qu\u2019une fois qu\u2019une IA suffisamment avanc\u00e9e sera cr\u00e9\u00e9e,<br \/>\nelle progressera rapidement au point de d\u00e9passer largement les<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9s humaines, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne connu sous le nom de singularit\u00e9,<br \/>\net pourrait constituer une menace existentielle pour la race humaine.<br \/>\nPourtant, l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 soit sur le point de conna\u00eetre une<br \/>\nexplosion de l\u2019IA qui \u00e9clipsera notre intellect semble farfelue \u00e0<br \/>\ncertains chercheurs en IA.<\/p>\n<p>Chris Bishop, directeur de la recherche de Microsoft \u00e0<br \/>\nCambridge, en Angleterre, souligne \u00e0 quel point l\u2019intelligence \u00e9troite<br \/>\nde l\u2019IA d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est diff\u00e9rente de l\u2019intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des<br \/>\nhumains, en disant que lorsque les gens s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent de \u00ab Terminator,<br \/>\nde l\u2019essor des machines, etc., c\u2019est un non-sens total. Au mieux, de<br \/>\ntelles discussions ne se feront pas avant des d\u00e9cennies \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>\uf06e UNE IA VOUS VOLERAIT-ELLE VOTRE EMPLOI?<\/p>\n<p>La possibilit\u00e9 que des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019intelligence artificielle remplacent<br \/>\nune grande partie du travail manuel moderne est peut-\u00eatre une<br \/>\npossibilit\u00e9 plus cr\u00e9dible dans un proche avenir.<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019IA ne remplacera pas tous les emplois, ce qui semble certain,<br \/>\nc\u2019est que l\u2019IA changera la nature du travail, la seule question \u00e9tant<br \/>\nde savoir \u00e0 quelle vitesse et \u00e0 quel point l\u2019automatisation modifiera le<br \/>\nlieu de travail. <\/p>\n<p>Il y a \u00e0 peine un domaine de l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine sur lequel l\u2019IA n\u2019a<br \/>\npas le potentiel d\u2019avoir un impact. Comme le dit Andrew Ng, expert<br \/>\nen IA : \u00ab Beaucoup de gens font des travaux routiniers et r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs.<br \/>\nMalheureusement, la technologie est particuli\u00e8rement efficace pour<br \/>\nautomatiser les travaux routiniers et r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs \u00bb, et il estime qu\u2019il<br \/>\nexiste \u00ab un risque important de ch\u00f4mage technologique au cours des<br \/>\nprochaines d\u00e9cennies \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Les preuves de la disparition de certains emplois commencent \u00e0<br \/>\nse manifester. Amazon vient de lancer Amazon Go, un supermarch\u00e9<br \/>\nsans caissier \u00e0 Seattle o\u00f9 les clients prennent des articles dans<br \/>\nles rayons et s\u2019en vont. Il reste \u00e0 voir ce que cela signifie pour les<br \/>\nplus de trois millions de personnes aux \u00c9tats-Unis qui travaillent<br \/>\ncomme caissiers. Amazon montre une fois de plus la voie en<br \/>\nutilisant des robots pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de ses<br \/>\nentrep\u00f4ts. Ces robots transportent les \u00e9tag\u00e8res de produits jusqu\u2019\u00e0<br \/>\ndes cueilleurs humains qui s\u00e9lectionnent les articles \u00e0 exp\u00e9dier.<br \/>\nAmazon a plus de 100 000 robots dans ses centres de traitement des<br \/>\ncommandes, et pr\u00e9voit en ajouter beaucoup d\u2019autres. Mais Amazon<br \/>\nsouligne \u00e9galement que, si le nombre de robots a augment\u00e9, le<br \/>\nnombre de travailleurs humains dans ces entrep\u00f4ts a \u00e9galement<br \/>\naugment\u00e9. Cependant, Amazon et les petites entreprises de<br \/>\nrobotique s\u2019efforcent d\u2019automatiser les travaux manuels restants<br \/>\ndans l\u2019entrep\u00f4t. Il n\u2019est donc pas acquis que le travail manuel et<br \/>\nrobotique continuera \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper de pair.<\/p>\n<p>Ce que l&rsquo;IA et les algorithmes ne<br \/>\nsavent pas faire, c&rsquo;est traiter <\/p>\n<p>l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et les zones<br \/>\ngrises. Ils ne comprennent <\/p>\n<p>pas le contexte ni les<br \/>\nnuances, et ne sont donc <\/p>\n<p>pas dou\u00e9s pour porter des<br \/>\njugements. C&rsquo;est l\u00e0 <\/p>\n<p>que les humains sont<br \/>\nbeaucoup plus  <\/p>\n<p>rapides et pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 18 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019autonomie totale des v\u00e9hicules n\u2019est pas encore une r\u00e9alit\u00e9,<br \/>\nmais, selon certaines pr\u00e9visions, l\u2019industrie du camionnage<br \/>\nautonome est sur le point de prendre \u00e0 elle seule plus de 1,7 million<br \/>\nd\u2019emplois au cours de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie, m\u00eame sans tenir<br \/>\ncompte de l\u2019impact sur les coursiers et les chauffeurs de taxi.<\/p>\n<p>Pourtant, certains des emplois les plus faciles \u00e0 automatiser<br \/>\nne n\u00e9cessiteront m\u00eame pas de robotique. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, des<br \/>\nmillions de personnes travaillent dans l\u2019administration, saisissant<br \/>\net copiant des donn\u00e9es entre syst\u00e8mes, recherchant et prenant<br \/>\ndes rendez-vous pour les entreprises. Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que<br \/>\nles logiciels s\u2019am\u00e9lioreront pour mettre automatiquement \u00e0 jour<br \/>\nles syst\u00e8mes et signaler les informations importantes, le besoin<br \/>\nd\u2019administrateurs diminuera. <\/p>\n<p>Comme pour toute \u00e9volution technologique, de nouveaux<br \/>\nemplois seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s pour remplacer ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perdus.<br \/>\nToutefois, il n\u2019est pas certain que ces nouveaux r\u00f4les seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s<br \/>\nassez rapidement pour offrir un emploi aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es,<br \/>\net que les nouveaux ch\u00f4meurs auront les comp\u00e9tences ou le<br \/>\ntemp\u00e9rament n\u00e9cessaires pour occuper ces nouveaux postes.<\/p>\n<p>Tout le monde n\u2019est pas pessimiste. Pour certains, l\u2019IA est<br \/>\nune technologie qui va augmenter, plut\u00f4t que remplacer, les<br \/>\ntravailleurs. Non seulement cela, mais ils soutiennent qu\u2019il y<br \/>\naura un imp\u00e9ratif commercial de ne pas remplacer les gens car<br \/>\nun travailleur assist\u00e9 par l\u2019IA &#8211; pensez \u00e0 un concierge humain<br \/>\nportant un casque de R\u00e9alit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e qui lui dit exactement ce<br \/>\nqu\u2019un client veut avant qu\u2019il ne le demande &#8211; sera plus productif<br \/>\nou efficace qu\u2019une IA travaillant seule. <\/p>\n<p>Parmi les experts en IA, il existe un large \u00e9ventail d\u2019opinions<br \/>\nsur la rapidit\u00e9 avec laquelle les syst\u00e8mes artificiellement<br \/>\nintelligents d\u00e9passeront les capacit\u00e9s humaines. <\/p>\n<p>Le Future of Humanity Institute de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Oxford a<br \/>\ndemand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs centaines d\u2019experts en apprentissage<br \/>\nmachine de pr\u00e9dire les capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019IA au cours des prochaines<br \/>\nd\u00e9cennies. <\/p>\n<p>Parmi les dates importantes, on peut citer la r\u00e9daction<br \/>\nd\u2019essais par l\u2019IA qui pourraient passer pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crits par un<br \/>\nhumain d\u00e8s 2026, la mise au rencart des camionneurs d\u00e8s 2027,<br \/>\nle d\u00e9passement des capacit\u00e9s humaines dans le commerce de<br \/>\nd\u00e9tail par l\u2019IA d\u00e8s 2031, la r\u00e9daction d\u2019un best-seller d\u00e8s 2049 et<br \/>\nle travail de chirurgien d\u00e8s 2053. <\/p>\n<p>Ces experts estiment qu\u2019il est probable que l\u2019IA d\u00e9classe les<br \/>\nhumains \u00e0 toutes les t\u00e2ches d\u2019ici 45 ans et automatise tous les<br \/>\nemplois humains d\u2019ici 120 ans. <\/p>\n<p>En ce 21e si\u00e8cle, l\u2019ombre la plus mena\u00e7ante qui plane sur<br \/>\nl\u2019industrie technologique, les travailleurs et l\u2019humanit\u00e9 en<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral est l\u2019effet que l\u2019intelligence artificielle, les robots et<br \/>\nl\u2019automatisation auront sur les emplois. Les r\u00e9cits populaires<br \/>\nsont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un recueil d\u2019histoires de malheur racontant<br \/>\nles m\u00e9faits de l\u2019intelligence artificielle an\u00e9antissant des<br \/>\nindustries enti\u00e8res et r\u00e9duisant des millions de personnes<br \/>\nau ch\u00f4mage. Il y a donc lieu de prendre un peu de recul et de<br \/>\nregarder objectivement o\u00f9 les humains font un meilleur travail<br \/>\nque l\u2019intelligence artificielle, et vice versa, pour voir comment la<br \/>\nmain-d\u2019\u0153uvre du futur devra changer.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e L\u00c0 O\u00d9 L\u2019IA GAGNE<\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est un secret pour personne que les algorithmes et les robots<br \/>\npeuvent surpasser les humains dans les t\u00e2ches r\u00e9p\u00e9titives et la<br \/>\nr\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes qui impliquent le traitement de grands<br \/>\nensembles de donn\u00e9es bien organis\u00e9s. Plac\u00e9s devant des t\u00e2ches<br \/>\nr\u00e9p\u00e9titives, les humains s\u2019ennuient et sont distraits. Par contre,<br \/>\nles robots et les ordinateurs sont singuli\u00e8rement concentr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les humains sont \u00e9galement lents et port\u00e9s \u00e0 faire des<br \/>\nerreurs lorsqu\u2019ils traitent et \u00e9valuent des mod\u00e8les dans de<br \/>\ngrands ensembles de donn\u00e9es. Les algorithmes nous ont<br \/>\nd\u00e9pass\u00e9s depuis longtemps. C\u2019est pourquoi Deep Blue d\u2019IBM<br \/>\na battu Garry Kasparov aux \u00e9checs en 1997, et c\u2019est pourquoi<br \/>\nDeepMind de Google a battu Lee Sedol au jeu de go en 2016. Ils<br \/>\nont utilis\u00e9 l\u2019analyse structurelle des ensembles de donn\u00e9es selon<br \/>\ndes r\u00e8gles et des param\u00e8tres tr\u00e8s clairs.<\/p>\n<p>Devenant de plus en<br \/>\nplus num\u00e9ris\u00e9e et<br \/>\nautomatis\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00e9conomie<br \/>\ncr\u00e9era de plus en plus<br \/>\nd&rsquo;opportunit\u00e9s pour les<br \/>\n\u00eatres humains dot\u00e9s<br \/>\nd&rsquo;un esprit critique.<\/p>\n<p>\uf06e L\u00c0 O\u00d9 LES HUMAINS GAGNENT<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, ce que l\u2019IA et les algorithmes ne savent pas faire,<br \/>\nc\u2019est traiter l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et les zones grises. Ils ne comprennent<br \/>\npas le contexte ni les nuances, et ne sont donc pas dou\u00e9s pour<br \/>\nporter des jugements. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que les humains sont beaucoup<br \/>\nplus rapides et pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019un des sales petits secrets de l\u2019IA et des grandes donn\u00e9es<br \/>\nest que les g\u00e9ants de la technologie qui y travaillent engagent<br \/>\nbeaucoup d\u2019\u00eatres humains pour trier, organiser, nettoyer et<br \/>\npr\u00e9parer les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 analyser par les algorithmes &#8211; parce que<br \/>\nles humains sont meilleurs dans ce genre de travail. <\/p>\n<p>Devenant de plus en plus num\u00e9ris\u00e9e et automatis\u00e9e,<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9conomie cr\u00e9era de plus en plus d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s pour les \u00eatres<br \/>\nhumains dot\u00e9s d\u2019un esprit critique. Et ce ne sont pas seulement<br \/>\ndes emplois de cols blancs. Les robots et l\u2019IA ne r\u00e9pareront pas<br \/>\nvotre plomberie ou ne construiront pas de gratte-ciel. Mais ils<br \/>\nfourniront aux travailleurs de ces m\u00e9tiers des donn\u00e9es qui leur<br \/>\npermettront de travailler plus rapidement, plus efficacement et<br \/>\nde mani\u00e8re plus s\u00fbre. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 19Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>CDC provides quality,<br \/>\nprofessional valuations<br \/>\nto our clients on a timely<br \/>\nbasis with integrity,<br \/>\neffectiveness and value.<br \/>\nCDC fournit des \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nprofessionnelles de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nclients, de fa\u00e7on rapide, avec int\u00e9grit\u00e9,<br \/>\nefficacit\u00e9 et valeur. <\/p>\n<p>LocaL appraisers,<br \/>\nNatioNaL coverage,<br \/>\nexceLLeNt service.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9vaLuateurs Locaux,<br \/>\ncouverture NatioNaLe, <\/p>\n<p>service exceLLeNt.<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC. is a national full service appraisal firm<br \/>\nCDC INC. est une firme nationale d\u2019\u00e9valuation multiservices<br \/>\nT \/ T\u00e9l. : 1.866.479.7922<br \/>\nF \/ T\u00e9l\u00e9c. : 1.877.429.7972<br \/>\nE \/ Courriel : info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nW : www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATIONS IMMOBILI\u00c8RES<br \/>\nOur Value. Your Future.<br \/>\nNotre expertise. Votre avenir.<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>client recently approached<br \/>\nour company to determine the<br \/>\nmarket value of a commercial <\/p>\n<p>building before and after it had been<br \/>\ndesignated as a Provincial Historic<br \/>\nResource (Heritage Building) with the<br \/>\nCalgary Civic Trust (Trust). Specifically,<br \/>\nthe purpose was to evaluate the<br \/>\nproperty\u2019s change in value based on the<br \/>\nowner\u2019s gift to the Trust of the property\u2019s<br \/>\nheritage interests and development<br \/>\nrights. The intended use was for the Trust<br \/>\nand property owner to determine if it<br \/>\nwas beneficial for the subject property<br \/>\nto be added to the Historic Resources<br \/>\nInventory. After identifying the appraisal<br \/>\nrequirements, we determined that<br \/>\nwe would estimate the market value<br \/>\nof the subject property with and<br \/>\nwithout the Heritage Conservation<br \/>\nCovenant attached.<\/p>\n<p>The subject is known as the Gerlitz Residence and was recently designated as a<br \/>\nMunicipal Historic Resource. The improvements are situated on a 4,058 square foot<br \/>\nrectangular-shaped site, improved with a 115-year-old, 1,035 square foot, two-storey,<br \/>\nwood-framed building on a concrete block foundation. It is located along 10th Avenue SE<br \/>\nand 12th Street SE, in the community of Inglewood, City of Calgary. The subject offers<br \/>\na central location near other mixed-use retail and office buildings. The site is zoned<br \/>\nC-COR2 (Commercial Corridor 2), which allows a variety of commercial related uses<br \/>\nsubject to Bylaw 27M2019, which allows municipal control over changes to historically<\/p>\n<p>I S S U E S  I N  V A L U I N G <\/p>\n<p>Heritage Conservation<br \/>\nProperties<\/p>\n<p>By Sanjit Singh, AACI, P. App.,<br \/>\nWernick Omura Inc., Calgary, AB<\/p>\n<p>A<\/p>\n<p>\u201c T H I S  A S S I G N M E N T <\/p>\n<p>W A S  T R U L Y  A N  <\/p>\n<p>A L L &#8211; E N C O M P A S S I N G  <\/p>\n<p>V A L U A T I O N <\/p>\n<p>C H A L L E N G E  T H A T <\/p>\n<p>R E I N F O R C E D  T H E <\/p>\n<p>F I R S T  P R I N C I P L E S <\/p>\n<p>O F  V A L U E . \u201d<\/p>\n<p>CDC provides quality,<br \/>\nprofessional valuations<br \/>\nto our clients on a timely<br \/>\nbasis with integrity,<br \/>\neffectiveness and value.<br \/>\nCDC fournit des \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nprofessionnelles de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nclients, de fa\u00e7on rapide, avec int\u00e9grit\u00e9,<br \/>\nefficacit\u00e9 et valeur. <\/p>\n<p>LocaL appraisers,<br \/>\nNatioNaL coverage,<br \/>\nexceLLeNt service.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9vaLuateurs Locaux,<br \/>\ncouverture NatioNaLe, <\/p>\n<p>service exceLLeNt.<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC. is a national full service appraisal firm<br \/>\nCDC INC. est une firme nationale d\u2019\u00e9valuation multiservices<br \/>\nT \/ T\u00e9l. : 1.866.479.7922<br \/>\nF \/ T\u00e9l\u00e9c. : 1.877.429.7972<br \/>\nE \/ Courriel : info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nW : www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATIONS IMMOBILI\u00c8RES<br \/>\nOur Value. Your Future.<br \/>\nNotre expertise. Votre avenir.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 21Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>significant assets. The interior is comprised of a main and upper<br \/>\nfloor office unit, as well as an unfinished full basement for storage.<br \/>\nThere is also a heated 726 square foot (+\/-) garage. <\/p>\n<p>From the 27M2019 Bylaw, the historic significance is defined<br \/>\nas follows:  <\/p>\n<p>The 1904-05 residence possesses value as an early,<br \/>\ntwo-storey example of the Edwardian Cottage-style<br \/>\nin the community. Although a modest six-room<br \/>\nsize, the Gerlitz Residence has Edwardian features<br \/>\nincluding its two-storey, side-gable form with wide,<br \/>\noffset front veranda, bevelled-wood siding on the main<br \/>\nstorey, with wooden shingles on the upper storey of<br \/>\nthe front and rear fa\u00e7ades. Inglewood\u2019s residential<br \/>\nstreetscapes are characterized by these early 20th<br \/>\nCentury working-class cottages constructed in the<br \/>\nEdwardian Cottage, Foursquare, Edwardian Gable-<br \/>\nFront, Craftsman or Queen Anne styles. 10th Avenue<br \/>\nwas one of the earliest residential streets to develop.<br \/>\nIt was 80% built-out by WWI, and almost fully built-out<br \/>\nby 1924. <\/p>\n<p>According to the Historical Resources Act, Revised Statutes<br \/>\nof Alberta 2000 Chapter H-9, Historic Resource means any<br \/>\nwork of nature or of humans that is primarily of value for its<br \/>\npaleontological, archaeological, prehistoric, historic, cultural,<br \/>\nnatural, scientific or esthetic interest, including, but not limited to,<br \/>\na paleontological, archaeological, prehistoric, historic or natural<br \/>\nsite, structure or object. <\/p>\n<p>Some of the sites on the Historic Resources Inventory are<br \/>\nprotected against demolitions or inappropriate changes by also<br \/>\nbeing designated as Municipal Historic Resources or Provincial<br \/>\nHistoric Resources under the Alberta Historical Resources<br \/>\nAct. The regulations for Historic Resources indicate that, without<br \/>\nprior approval from the Minister, they cannot be removed, destroyed,<br \/>\ndisturbed, altered, rehabilitated, repaired or otherwise permanently<br \/>\nchanged, other than for routine preservation or maintenance<br \/>\nwork. Also, renovations\/maintenance to heritage buildings require<br \/>\nmunicipal approval and are intended to utilize original material and<br \/>\ninstallation techniques.<\/p>\n<p>After reviewing all the information, as appraisers, we started<br \/>\nanticipating the issues that would arise from such designations\/<br \/>\nrestrictions, including economic life variables, remaining<br \/>\neconomic life, and\/or physical life considerations. We also started<br \/>\ncontemplating the highest and best use analyses, considering<br \/>\nthat many heritage properties are protected from redevelopment.<br \/>\nAs such, highest and best use \u2018as vacant\u2019 was likely not a<br \/>\nconsideration in this assignment, as was the case for the costs<br \/>\nof ownership-based restrictions to renovations, resulting in<br \/>\nreproduction cost relative to replacement cost. All considered, <\/p>\n<p>the fee simple interest and<br \/>\nits associated full bundle<br \/>\nof rights is very much<br \/>\nrestricted\/limited when<br \/>\nthe rights are gifted. In<br \/>\nthis situation, there must<br \/>\nbe a benefit for the owner<br \/>\nof the property. Typically,<br \/>\nthe Municipal Heritage<br \/>\nResources Inventory<br \/>\nincludes city-owned<br \/>\nproperties, properties<br \/>\nwhose owners have<br \/>\nrequested this legal<br \/>\nprotection, and properties<br \/>\nwhose owners have<br \/>\naccepted it in exchange for<br \/>\nreceiving other benefits<br \/>\nsuch as higher density<br \/>\nallowances. <\/p>\n<p>The scope of work involved discussions with the Trust to<br \/>\ndetermine their opinions\/experiences on the effects of heritage<br \/>\ncovenants with properties in the inventory. Our firm has also<br \/>\ncompleted appraisals of other heritage properties in the past.<br \/>\nAlthough the locations of those heritage properties were coveted<br \/>\nand based on sales data, there seemed to be little consideration<br \/>\ngiven to the limited development rights and the heritage interest. <\/p>\n<p>From a valuation standpoint, our research indicated that some<br \/>\nheritage experts believe that an appraisal could not reflect the<br \/>\nnormal supply-demand market mechanism for determining the<br \/>\nvalue of a heritage-designated property. The demand for heritage<br \/>\npreservation comes from legislation on the part of governments,<br \/>\npresumably reflecting the desires of society, i.e., preservation<br \/>\nof community, architecture and lifestyle. Also, the heritage<br \/>\ndesignation can restrict alternative use of the property and it<br \/>\ndistorts the normal market decision-making process, especially in<br \/>\nthe absence of direct heritage comparables. More specific to our<br \/>\nassignment were properties that were purchased as fee simple<br \/>\ninterest, with the full bundle of rights, and then sold with heritage<br \/>\nprotection and a limited bundle of rights. To further complicate<br \/>\nthe matter, the designation motives of owners are all different,<br \/>\ni.e., increased density considerations, bylaw relaxations (parking,<br \/>\nchange of use), subsidies for renovations, and\/or reduced property<br \/>\ntaxes. However, in some situations, we found that the cost of<br \/>\nownership could increase in the absence of subsidies or property<br \/>\ntax benefits. As if qualitative and quantitative adjustments were<br \/>\nnot already difficult enough to prove, these variables complicate<br \/>\nthe appraisal challenge.<\/p>\n<p>Further research indicated that those properties located<br \/>\nin more coveted, high-traffic locations attract more favorable <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 22 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>subsidies and tax treatment, while properties in less desirable<br \/>\nlocations do not. The subject property was not located in a high<br \/>\ntraffic location. Through our due diligence, we determined that<br \/>\nthe subject property\u2019s commercial demand was low. It was also<br \/>\nin fair to average condition, and, in the absence of subsidies,<br \/>\nor the perceived risk in not being approved for one, the cost of<br \/>\nownership through increased operating\/renovation costs would<br \/>\nincrease. The highest and best use analysis concluded that there<br \/>\nwas not a strong demand for increased development density,<br \/>\nnor would the small site support any meaningful expansion<br \/>\nstrategies. Any renovation to the interior or exterior of the<br \/>\npremises requires Trust approval, and original materials need to<br \/>\nbe used. The subject property was 115 years old, and there were<br \/>\nsigns of deferred maintenance, older windows, exterior doors,<br \/>\nand general interior wear and tear. While the Trust cannot enforce<br \/>\nrenovations to a property, it is reasonable to assume that deferred<br \/>\nmaintenance must be cured within a reasonable timeframe or the<br \/>\nproperty can begin to suffer from increased operating costs, or<br \/>\nbad curb appeal and reduced value. <\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, it was our opinion that, because the subject<br \/>\nproperty would not likely benefit from subsidies and that favorable<br \/>\nproperty tax was given to more coveted properties, combined with<br \/>\nthe deferred maintenance, there was a loss in value. We essentially<br \/>\nestimated the amount of deferred maintenance associated with the<br \/>\nproperty with and without heritage conservation, i.e., replacement cost<br \/>\nversus reproduction cost. While there was some subjectivity involved<br \/>\nin the interpretation of the magnitude of the increased repairs and<br \/>\nmaintenance schedule, our assertion was that there was an increased<br \/>\ncost of ownership and property maintenance before and after the gift.<\/p>\n<p>This case presented a unique appraisal challenge related<br \/>\nto identifying and understanding the effects of property rights,<br \/>\nhighest and best use analysis, age\/life analysis, costs of ownership,<br \/>\novertime, location considerations, and potentially offsetting<br \/>\ngovernment subsidies\/property tax treatment of heritage<br \/>\nproperties. While we know there is a plethora of interpretations\/<br \/>\nopinions relative to this appraisal situation, we asserted ours.<br \/>\nThis assignment was truly an all-encompassing valuation challenge<br \/>\nthat reinforced the first principles of value. <\/p>\n<p>The approach of Verity Claims Management<br \/>\nto every claim will be to provide \u201cFundamental<br \/>\nTrue Value.\u201d Our claims handling services are <\/p>\n<p>grounded in the following principles:<br \/>\n\u2022 Client-focused service<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Collaboration with other service providers<br \/>\n\u2022 Careful and thorough analysis and investigation<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Prompt and clear reporting to clients<\/p>\n<p>1860 Appleby Line-Suite 420,  Burlington, ON  L7L 7H7<br \/>\nKatjaK@verityclaims.ca | 647-884-5065<\/p>\n<p>9776478 Canada Inc.<\/p>\n<p>A properly handled claim can make<br \/>\na large difference in the outcome of the claim<\/p>\n<p>Realize<br \/>\nyour<br \/>\npotential<br \/>\nat Altus<br \/>\nGroup<\/p>\n<p>350+<br \/>\nappraisers | economists  <\/p>\n<p>market researchers | advisors<br \/>\nplanners | data scientists<\/p>\n<p>Join our Research, Valuation and Advisory team<br \/>\naltusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>Follow us on<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 23Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:KatjaK@verityclaims.ca<br \/>\naltusgroup.com\/careers<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/verityclaims.ca<\/p>\n<p>Q U E S T I O N S  R E L A T I V E S<br \/>\n\u00c0  L \u2019 \u00c9 V A L U A T I O N  <\/p>\n<p>des biens de conservation<br \/>\ndu patrimoine<\/p>\n<p>Par Sanjit Singh, AACI, P. App.,<br \/>\nWernick Omura Inc, Calgary, AB <\/p>\n<p>n client s\u2019est r\u00e9cemment<br \/>\nadress\u00e9 \u00e0 notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\npour d\u00e9terminer la valeur <\/p>\n<p>marchande d\u2019un b\u00e2timent commercial<br \/>\navant et apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme<br \/>\nmonument historique provincial<br \/>\n(\u00e9difice du patrimoine) par le Calgary<br \/>\nCivic Trust (Trust). Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment,<br \/>\nl\u2019objectif \u00e9tait d\u2019\u00e9valuer le changement<br \/>\nde valeur de ce bien en fonction du<br \/>\ndon par le propri\u00e9taire au Trust des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats patrimoniaux et des droits<br \/>\nde d\u00e9veloppement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<br \/>\nLe Trust et le propri\u00e9taire devaient<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer s\u2019il \u00e9tait avantageux pour la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question d\u2019\u00eatre ajout\u00e9e \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019inventaire des ressources historiques.<br \/>\nApr\u00e8s avoir identifi\u00e9 les exigences en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation, nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019estimer la valeur marchande de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question avec et sans la<br \/>\nConvention de conservation du patrimoine. <\/p>\n<p>Le bien en objet est connu sous le nom de r\u00e9sidence Gerlitz et a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme ressource historique municipale. Le terrain de forme rectangulaire<br \/>\nde 4 058 pieds carr\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9 il y a 115 ans par un b\u00e2timent de 1 035 pieds<br \/>\ncarr\u00e9s, \u00e0 deux \u00e9tages, \u00e0 ossature de bois, sur une fondation en blocs de b\u00e9ton. Il<br \/>\nest situ\u00e9 le long de la 10e Avenue SE et de la 12e Rue SE, dans le quartier Inglewood,<br \/>\ndans la ville de Calgary. Le bien en objet offre un emplacement central \u00e0 proximit\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019autres immeubles de bureaux et de commerces \u00e0 usage mixte. Le site est<br \/>\nzon\u00e9 C-COR2 (Corridor commercial 2), ce qui permet une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019utilisations <\/p>\n<p>U<\/p>\n<p>\u201c C E  C O N T R A T <\/p>\n<p>D E  S E R V I C E  A <\/p>\n<p>V \u00c9 R I T A B L E M E N T <\/p>\n<p>C O N S T I T U \u00c9  U N <\/p>\n<p>D \u00c9 F I  D \u2019 \u00c9 V A L U A T I O N <\/p>\n<p>G L O B A L  Q U I <\/p>\n<p>A  R E N F O R C \u00c9 <\/p>\n<p>L E S  P R E M I E R S <\/p>\n<p>P R I N C I P E S  D E <\/p>\n<p>L A  V A L E U R . \u201c <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 24 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>des biens de conservation<br \/>\ndu patrimoine<\/p>\n<p>commerciales sous r\u00e9serve du r\u00e8glement 27M2019, qui permet \u00e0<br \/>\nla municipalit\u00e9 de contr\u00f4ler les changements apport\u00e9s aux biens<br \/>\nhistoriquement importants. L\u2019int\u00e9rieur est compos\u00e9 d\u2019une unit\u00e9<br \/>\nde bureaux au rez-de-chauss\u00e9e et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tage, ainsi que d\u2019un sous-<br \/>\nsol complet non am\u00e9nag\u00e9 pour le stockage. Il y a \u00e9galement un<br \/>\ngarage chauff\u00e9 de 726 pieds carr\u00e9s (+\/-). <\/p>\n<p>Le R\u00e8glement 27M2019, d\u00e9finit comme suit l\u2019importance<br \/>\nhistorique du b\u00e2timent :  <\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9sidence construite en 1904-1905 est un exemple<br \/>\npr\u00e9coce de deux \u00e9tages de style cottage \u00e9douardien dans<br \/>\nla communaut\u00e9. Bien que de taille modeste (six pi\u00e8ces),<br \/>\nla r\u00e9sidence Gerlitz pr\u00e9sente des caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\n\u00e9douardiennes, notamment sa forme \u00e0 pignon lat\u00e9ral<br \/>\nde deux \u00e9tages avec une large v\u00e9randa avant d\u00e9cal\u00e9e,<br \/>\nun bardage en bois biseaut\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tage principal, avec<br \/>\ndes bardeaux de bois sur les fa\u00e7ades avant et arri\u00e8re \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u203a\u00e9tage sup\u00e9rieur. Les rues r\u00e9sidentielles d\u2019Inglewood<br \/>\nsont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par ces cottages ouvriers du d\u00e9but du<br \/>\n20e si\u00e8cle construits dans les styles Edwardian Cottage,<br \/>\nFoursquare, Edwardian Gable-Front, Craftsman ou Queen<br \/>\nAnne. La 10e Avenue a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res rues<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentielles \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper. Elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 construite<br \/>\n\u00e0 80 % lors de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale et presque<br \/>\nenti\u00e8rement construite en 1924. <\/p>\n<p>Selon l\u2019Historical Resources Act, Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000<br \/>\nChapitre H-9, on entend par ressource historique toute \u0153uvre de la<br \/>\nnature ou de l\u2019homme qui a principalement une valeur en raison de<br \/>\nson int\u00e9r\u00eat pal\u00e9ontologique, arch\u00e9ologique, pr\u00e9historique, historique,<br \/>\nculturel, naturel, scientifique ou esth\u00e9tique, y compris, mais sans<br \/>\ns\u2019y limiter, un site, une structure ou un objet pal\u00e9ontologique,<br \/>\narch\u00e9ologique, pr\u00e9historique, historique ou naturel. <\/p>\n<p>Certains des sites figurant dans l\u2019inventaire des ressources<br \/>\nhistoriques sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9s contre les d\u00e9molitions ou les<br \/>\nmodifications inappropri\u00e9es en \u00e9tant \u00e9galement d\u00e9sign\u00e9s comme<br \/>\nressources historiques municipales ou provinciales en vertu de<br \/>\nl\u2019Alberta Historical Resources Act. La r\u00e9glementation relative aux<br \/>\nressources historiques indique que, sans l\u2019approbation pr\u00e9alable<br \/>\ndu ministre, elles ne peuvent pas \u00eatre enlev\u00e9es, d\u00e9truites,<br \/>\nperturb\u00e9es, modifi\u00e9es, remises en \u00e9tat, r\u00e9par\u00e9es ou modifi\u00e9es<br \/>\nde fa\u00e7on permanente, sauf pour des travaux de conservation<br \/>\nou d\u2019entretien de routine. En outre, les travaux de r\u00e9novation\/<br \/>\nentretien des b\u00e2timents patrimoniaux n\u00e9cessitent l\u2019approbation<br \/>\nde la municipalit\u00e9 et sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 utiliser des mat\u00e9riaux et des<br \/>\ntechniques d\u2019installation caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir examin\u00e9 toutes les informations, en tant<br \/>\nqu\u2019\u00e9valuateurs, nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 anticiper les probl\u00e8mes<br \/>\nqui d\u00e9couleraient de ces d\u00e9signations \/ restrictions, y compris <\/p>\n<p>les variables de la vie \u00e9conomique, la vie \u00e9conomique restante<br \/>\net\/ou les consid\u00e9rations de vie physique. Nous avons \u00e9galement<br \/>\ncommenc\u00e9 \u00e0 envisager les analyses de l\u2019utilisation optimale,<br \/>\ncompte tenu du fait que de nombreux biens patrimoniaux sont<br \/>\nprot\u00e9g\u00e9s contre le r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement. En tant que tel, l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\noptimale du bien \u00ab comme si vacant \u00bb n\u2019\u00e9tait vraisemblablement<br \/>\npas pertinente dans ce contrat de service, comme c\u2019\u00e9tait le<br \/>\ncas pour les co\u00fbts des restrictions de r\u00e9novation bas\u00e9es sur<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9, qui se traduisent par un co\u00fbt de reproduction par<br \/>\nrapport au co\u00fbt de remplacement. Tout bien consid\u00e9r\u00e9, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\nen fief simple et l\u2019ensemble des droits qui lui sont associ\u00e9s sont<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s restreints\/limit\u00e9s lorsque les droits sont donn\u00e9s. Dans<br \/>\ncette situation, il doit y avoir un avantage pour le propri\u00e9taire de<br \/>\nl\u2019immeuble. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l\u2019inventaire des ressources patrimoniales<br \/>\nmunicipales comprend les biens appartenant \u00e0 la ville, les biens<br \/>\ndont les propri\u00e9taires ont demand\u00e9 cette protection juridique<br \/>\net les biens dont les propri\u00e9taires l\u2019ont accept\u00e9e en \u00e9change de<br \/>\nl\u2019obtention d\u2019autres avantages tels que des allocations de densit\u00e9<br \/>\nplus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019envergure du travail a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des discussions avec<br \/>\nle Trust afin de d\u00e9terminer leurs opinions\/exp\u00e9riences sur les<br \/>\neffets des conventions patrimoniales sur les biens figurant<br \/>\ndans l\u2019inventaire. Notre cabinet a \u00e9galement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations d\u2019autres biens patrimoniaux dans le pass\u00e9. Bien<br \/>\nque les emplacements de ces biens patrimoniaux aient \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nconvoit\u00e9s et bas\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es de vente, il semble que l\u2019on<br \/>\nait peu tenu compte des droits de d\u00e9veloppement limit\u00e9s et de<br \/>\nl\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat patrimonial. <\/p>\n<p>Du point de vue de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, nos recherches ont indiqu\u00e9<br \/>\nque certains experts du patrimoine estiment qu\u2019une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\nne pourrait pas refl\u00e9ter le m\u00e9canisme normal du march\u00e9 de<br \/>\nl\u2019offre et de la demande pour d\u00e9terminer la valeur d\u2019un bien<br \/>\nclass\u00e9 patrimonial. La demande de pr\u00e9servation du patrimoine<br \/>\nprovient de la l\u00e9gislation de la part des gouvernements, refl\u00e9tant<br \/>\nprobablement les d\u00e9sirs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la pr\u00e9servation<br \/>\nde la communaut\u00e9, de l\u2019architecture et du mode de vie. En<br \/>\noutre, la d\u00e9signation patrimoniale peut restreindre l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\nalternative du bien et fausser le processus normal de prise de<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision sur le march\u00e9, surtout en l\u2019absence de comparables<br \/>\npatrimoniaux directs. Notre contrat de service portait plus<br \/>\nsp\u00e9cifiquement sur les biens achet\u00e9s en fief simple, avec<br \/>\nl\u2019ensemble des droits, puis vendus sous protection du patrimoine<br \/>\net selon un ensemble limit\u00e9 de droits. Pour compliquer davantage<br \/>\nla question, les motifs de d\u00e9signation des propri\u00e9taires sont tous<br \/>\ndiff\u00e9rents, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire pour obtenir des consid\u00e9rations de densit\u00e9<br \/>\naccrue, des assouplissements des r\u00e8glements (stationnement,<br \/>\nchangement d\u2019utilisation), des subventions pour les r\u00e9novations<br \/>\net\/ou une r\u00e9duction des imp\u00f4ts fonciers. Toutefois, dans certaines<br \/>\nsituations, nous avons constat\u00e9 que le co\u00fbt de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 25Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Need Continuing Professional<br \/>\nDevelopment (CPD) Credits? <\/p>\n<p>Check out the CPD page on the AIC website<br \/>\nfor an array of opportunities. <\/p>\n<p>www.aicanada.ca\/seminars-events\/<br \/>\ncontinuing-professional-development\/ <\/p>\n<p>Besoin de cr\u00e9dits de<br \/>\nperfectionnement professionnel (CPP)?<br \/>\nRendez-vous sur la page de PPC du site Web de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE afin de d\u00e9couvrir toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/seminars-events\/<br \/>\ncontinuing-professional-development\/<\/p>\n<p>Appraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\nInstitut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>pouvait augmenter en<br \/>\nl\u2019absence de subventions<br \/>\nou d\u2019avantages en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019imp\u00f4ts<br \/>\nfonciers. Comme si les<br \/>\najustements qualitatifs<br \/>\net quantitatifs n\u2019\u00e9taient<br \/>\npas d\u00e9j\u00e0 assez difficiles<br \/>\n\u00e0 prouver, ces variables<br \/>\ncompliquent le d\u00e9fi de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Des recherches plus<br \/>\napprofondies ont montr\u00e9<br \/>\nque les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\nsitu\u00e9es dans des endroits<br \/>\nplus convoit\u00e9s et plus<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quent\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient<br \/>\nde subventions et d\u2019un<br \/>\ntraitement fiscal plus <\/p>\n<p>favorable, alors que les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s situ\u00e9es dans des endroits<br \/>\nmoins d\u00e9sirables n\u2019en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas. La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question<br \/>\nn\u2019\u00e9tait pas situ\u00e9e dans un endroit tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 notre<br \/>\ndiligence raisonnable, nous avons d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que la demande<br \/>\ncommerciale de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en question \u00e9tait faible. Il \u00e9tait<br \/>\n\u00e9galement dans un \u00e9tat moyen et, en l\u2019absence de subventions,<br \/>\nou en cas de risque per\u00e7u de ne pas \u00eatre approuv\u00e9, le co\u00fbt de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 augmenterait en raison de l\u2019augmentation des co\u00fbts<br \/>\nd\u2019exploitation et de r\u00e9novation. L\u2019analyse de l\u2019utilisation optimale<br \/>\na conclu qu\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas de forte demande pour une densit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement accrue, et que le petit site ne soutiendrait aucune<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gie d\u2019expansion significative. Toute r\u00e9novation de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur<br \/>\nou de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des locaux doit \u00eatre approuv\u00e9e par le Trust, <\/p>\n<p>et les mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019origine doivent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s. La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 en<br \/>\nquestion avait 115 ans, et il y avait des signes d\u2019entretien diff\u00e9r\u00e9, de<br \/>\nvieilles fen\u00eatres, des portes ext\u00e9rieures et une usure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de<br \/>\nl\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Bien que le Trust ne puisse pas imposer des r\u00e9novations<br \/>\n\u00e0 une propri\u00e9t\u00e9, il est raisonnable de supposer que l\u2019entretien<br \/>\ndiff\u00e9r\u00e9 doit \u00eatre r\u00e9par\u00e9 dans un d\u00e9lai raisonnable ou que la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut commencer \u00e0 souffrir d\u2019une augmentation des co\u00fbts<br \/>\nd\u2019exploitation, d\u2019une apparence d\u00e9labr\u00e9e et d\u2019une perte de valeur. <\/p>\n<p>En conclusion, nous avons estim\u00e9 que, comme la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nen question ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficierait probablement pas de subventions<br \/>\net qu\u2019une taxe fonci\u00e8re favorable \u00e9tait accord\u00e9e \u00e0 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\nplus convoit\u00e9es, combin\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019entretien diff\u00e9r\u00e9, il y avait une perte<br \/>\nde valeur. Nous avons essentiellement estim\u00e9 le montant de<br \/>\nl\u2019entretien diff\u00e9r\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 avec et sans conservation<br \/>\ndu patrimoine, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le co\u00fbt de remplacement par rapport<br \/>\nau co\u00fbt de reproduction. Bien que l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de l\u2019ampleur<br \/>\nde l\u2019augmentation des r\u00e9parations et du calendrier d\u2019entretien ait<br \/>\ncomport\u00e9 une certaine subjectivit\u00e9, nous avons affirm\u00e9 qu\u2019il y avait<br \/>\nune augmentation des co\u00fbts de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et d\u2019entretien des biens<br \/>\navant et apr\u00e8s le don. <\/p>\n<p>Ce cas pr\u00e9sentait un d\u00e9fi d\u2019\u00e9valuation unique li\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019identification et \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension des effets des droits de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de l\u2019utilisation optimale, \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e2ge et de la dur\u00e9e de vie, aux co\u00fbts de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, aux heures<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires, aux consid\u00e9rations de localisation et aux<br \/>\nsubventions gouvernementales potentiellement compensatoires\/<br \/>\nau traitement fiscal des biens patrimoniaux. Bien que nous<br \/>\nsachions qu\u2019il existe une pl\u00e9thore d\u2019interpr\u00e9tations\/opinions<br \/>\nrelatives \u00e0 cette situation d\u2019\u00e9valuation, nous avons affirm\u00e9 la<br \/>\nn\u00f4tre. Ce contrat de service a v\u00e9ritablement constitu\u00e9 un d\u00e9fi<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation global qui a renforc\u00e9 les premiers principes de<br \/>\nla valeur. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 26 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/seminars-events\/continuing-professional-development\/<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/seminars-events\/continuing-professional-development\/<\/p>\n<p>B efore one can begin the process of valuing a church property, it is best to become familiar with its architecture, interior workings and definitions.<br \/>\nChurch architectural styles have changed considerably over <\/p>\n<p>the centuries due to the nature of the religious organization, the<br \/>\navailability of raw materials and financing, and their approach<br \/>\nto worship. In Ontario, there are numerous cathedrals, but, for<br \/>\nthe most part, church buildings tend to be a mixture of many<br \/>\ndifferent types of historical architectural features such as Gothic,<br \/>\nByzantine and Romanesque, to name a few. <\/p>\n<p>Presently, there seems to be a movement away from building<br \/>\nchurches based upon these older architectural styles because<br \/>\nof high construction costs and functionality. Most valuers will<br \/>\nbe asked to determine the market value of a church property<br \/>\nin which the attendance has been decreasing and the building<br \/>\nrequires significant maintenance costs and repairs. This seems to<br \/>\nbe a common theme, whereby church members are dying off and<br \/>\nthere is less financial support. There is no question that there has<br \/>\nbeen a steady decline away from traditional church organizations<br \/>\nbecause of shifts in \u2018belief.\u2019 <\/p>\n<p>Valuation<br \/>\nof church properties By George Canning, AACI, P.APP<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 27Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p> Church building exteriors tend to have varying designs and<br \/>\nconstruction elements. It is commonly found that the Bell Tower<br \/>\nand the Bell itself have been removed, generally due to safety<br \/>\nreasons and the decrease in the purpose of ringing the church<br \/>\nbell as a call to worship. The accompanying images of common<br \/>\nchurch buildings found throughout Ontario show the different<br \/>\nparts of churches. Understanding some architectural detail of the<br \/>\nchurch building\/property under appraisal and the churches uses<br \/>\nas comparable may suggest that a possible predictor variable is<br \/>\nthe architecture of the building itself.<\/p>\n<p>The correct naming of the interior parts of a church building is a<br \/>\ncritical component of the appraisal. These names can vary relative to<br \/>\nthe church organization. If the appraiser is not sure or is unfamiliar,<br \/>\nit is best to ask the church representative for the correct names.<br \/>\nBelow are some common parts of the interior of a church.<\/p>\n<p>Sanctuary: This area is in front of the Nave and is noted as a<br \/>\nseparate area denoted by steps or a railing.<\/p>\n<p>Pulpit: This is where the minister or priest speaks. It can be<br \/>\nraised above the sanctuary. Generally, this area has decorative<br \/>\nwood paneling with carved elements.<\/p>\n<p>Choir loft: This is the area where the choir sits. It is generally<br \/>\nnear the Organist and set off by a wooden rail or steps. <\/p>\n<p>It is not uncommon to find an upper balcony area that is<br \/>\nused by church members. It is also a common place for any<br \/>\nsound equipment. The more modern churches will have a full<br \/>\ncomplement of offices, washrooms, Sunday school rooms and<br \/>\nadditional rooms for private prayer. The basements usually have<br \/>\nsome kitchen features and are generally used for gatherings at<br \/>\nthe end of the service or for storage.<\/p>\n<p>Appraisal considerations<br \/>\nBefore the actual appraisal valuation process, it is critical to<br \/>\nunderstand the church building and property under appraisal<br \/>\nfrom various perspectives. <\/p>\n<p>First, what has been the historical record of repairs and<br \/>\nmaintenance? Is the appraiser dealing with a church building that<br \/>\nhas a regular maintenance program or has deferred maintenance<br \/>\nthat has placed the congregation into a position of selling the<br \/>\nproperty? If it is the latter, are there estimates of the cost of repairs? <\/p>\n<p>Second, does the church property come with a Manse, which is<br \/>\na separate house used by the minister or priest, but located on the<br \/>\ngrounds of the church property? Is the Manse under a separate<br \/>\ndeed or title so that it can be sold separately from the church<br \/>\nbuilding and remaining property? <\/p>\n<p>Third, it is important to note whether or not there have been<br \/>\nenquiries by other church organizations to buy the property?<br \/>\nThis speaks directly to market demand. <\/p>\n<p>Fourth, has the church ever been listed privately or on the<br \/>\nopen marketplace? <\/p>\n<p>Fifth, is there an alternative use for the property other than a<br \/>\nchurch? Here we are addressing the highest and best use of the<br \/>\nproperty overall.<\/p>\n<p>Example of a church appraisal<br \/>\nWe were asked to complete an appraisal of a church property<br \/>\nlocated in Oxford County. It was a typical church building that had<br \/>\nconsiderable amounts of deferred maintenance.<\/p>\n<p>A very important consideration to the valuation of churches<br \/>\nis to isolate the demand for these properties over time. This can<br \/>\nbe completed by gathering a database of previously sold church<br \/>\nproperties. In our case, we had searched for church property<br \/>\nsales in the subject county and within the surrounding counties.<br \/>\nThe sales all occurred after January 1, 2010. We did filter for<br \/>\nsale prices since we found sales of $1.00, $2.00 or under $1,000.<br \/>\nThere were a total of 33 observations.<\/p>\n<p>We cannot over emphasize the use of graphs and collecting<br \/>\na database of the property under appraisal. By completing this<br \/>\naction, the appraiser can obtain a better market perspective of the<br \/>\nspecific property type and its relationship to sale price activity. <\/p>\n<p>Vestibule: This is the area of the church also known as the<br \/>\nfront entrance. Here one will find a church person handing out<br \/>\npamphlets for the service. This area tends to be decorated with<br \/>\nchurch memorabilia or, in some organizations, a baptismal pool.<\/p>\n<p>Nave: The area of the church whereby the members sit on pews<br \/>\nor, in some cases, there are areas for wheelchairs or for standing.<\/p>\n<p>Tower<br \/>\nand belfry<\/p>\n<p>Flat<br \/>\nbuttress<\/p>\n<p>Lancet<br \/>\nwindows<\/p>\n<p>Buttress<br \/>\nwith caps<\/p>\n<p>Clerestory<br \/>\nwindows<\/p>\n<p>Side<br \/>\nturrets<\/p>\n<p>Half moon arch<br \/>\nknown as a lunette<\/p>\n<p>Niche with<br \/>\nfigurine<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 28 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>One does not have to purchase a very expensive program to<br \/>\ncomplete this type of analysis. The most common ones are Excel<br \/>\nor R, which is free.<\/p>\n<p>Data analysis process<br \/>\nFor the valuation of church properties, it is not simply a question<br \/>\nof finding the most current sales in rural Ontario and applying<br \/>\nthe data to the subject property. Care needs to be given as to the<br \/>\nselection of the predictor variables that are going to be used in the<br \/>\nanalysis. Predictor variables are the ones that cause a response to<br \/>\nthe response variable, which is always the unit of measure. In our<br \/>\ncase, we selected the selling price per square foot of church building,<br \/>\nincluding the land.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier, we mentioned one \u2018architecture.\u2019 In our case, we<br \/>\nfound that this variable did not aid the appraiser in explaining the<br \/>\ndifferences in the selling prices of the comparables. That does<br \/>\nnot mean that this variable should be ignored every time a church<br \/>\nappraisal is required. In other church appraisals, we have found<br \/>\nthat it does play a role in explaining price. The architectural aspects<br \/>\nof church buildings seem to be a geographical issue. It is more<br \/>\ndominant in larger communities and cities as opposed to the rural<br \/>\nareas of Ontario.<\/p>\n<p>While exploring our data, we found that location, building<br \/>\nsize, seating capacity and condition were the strongest predictor<br \/>\nvariables when it came to explaining the differences in the prices of<br \/>\nthe comparables. Building age, lot size and basement finishing did<br \/>\nnothing to explain pricing. <\/p>\n<p>So how do you determine which predictor variables are the best?<br \/>\nTo answer this question, one needs to employ a quality point analysis<br \/>\nmethodology that is strictly geared to the direct comparison approach<br \/>\n(DCA). With this exploratory data tool, a valuer can quickly determine<br \/>\nthe strength and weaknesses of all potential predictor variables.<br \/>\nWe can see that in the quality point analysis used in the report<br \/>\n(Graph 3) that depicts the predictor variables used in the analysis.<\/p>\n<p>The square dotted line is a LOWESS smoother, which \u2018smooths\u2019<br \/>\nout the entire data set and forms a common trend line. We are<br \/>\nseeing a downward trend in pricing beginning in 2018. Some<br \/>\nfurther analysis of the sale prices of the church properties shows<br \/>\nthat the average price is $250,333, with a minimum of $35,000.<br \/>\nThe median is at $175,000.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 29Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>1. There is no relationship between the allocated weights for<br \/>\neach predictor variable and the sale prices of the comparables.<br \/>\nOne cannot say that the predictor variable location with a weight<br \/>\nof 24% means that the sale price of each sale represents 24%.<br \/>\nThe reason is due to the fact that the weights would change<br \/>\ndependent upon the number of sales selected. Does that<br \/>\nstatement jeopardize the validity of the weights? No it does not.<br \/>\nEach data set used in the analysis of real estate will produce a<br \/>\nvariety of weights, given the scores allocated to the predictor<br \/>\nvariables by the appraiser. Over time, we have noticed that a<br \/>\nsimilar range of weights does emerge given varying data sets<br \/>\nof similar types of properties.<br \/>\n     The amount of the weights for each predictor variable<br \/>\nare important, because they tell the \u2018strength\u2019 of the weight<br \/>\nrelative to explaining the differences in the selling prices of<br \/>\nthe comparables. After all, that is the sole purpose of the DCA:<br \/>\nto explain and reduce variation in the selling prices of the<br \/>\ncomparables. In the example above, the appraiser would expect<br \/>\nto see a large weight for such predictor variables as location,<br \/>\ncondition and seating capacity, since those would be core<br \/>\nissues for any buyer.<\/p>\n<p>2. There is no secret formula when it comes to the selection of<br \/>\npredictor variables. The appraiser should start with some<br \/>\ncommon ones relative to the property under appraisal. We have<br \/>\nput together a small list of possible predictor variables relative to<br \/>\nvarious property types. At the end of the day, predictor variables<br \/>\ncan also change relative to location. For example, a vacant<br \/>\nparcel of commercial land in \u2018small town Ontario\u2019 may not have<br \/>\nthe same number or type of predictor variables. Remember:<br \/>\npredictor variables are a product of how the buyer and seller see<br \/>\nthe property, as well as being a function of explaining price.<\/p>\n<p>PREDICTOR VARIABLES WEIGHTS MARKET<\/p>\n<p>Location (x 0.24)<\/p>\n<p>Building Size (x 0.13)<\/p>\n<p>Seating Capacity (x 0.36)<\/p>\n<p>Condition (x 0.27)<\/p>\n<p>(x 1.00)<\/p>\n<p>Adjusted Sp Per Church Bldg<\/p>\n<p>PROPERTY TYPE SUGGESTED PREDICTOR VARIABLES<\/p>\n<p>Industrial Building Location, Lot Size, Building Age, Ceiling<br \/>\nHeight, Office space amount, Building Size,<br \/>\nMezzanine area<\/p>\n<p>Converted Office<br \/>\nBuildings <\/p>\n<p>Location, Lot Size, Parking, Building Age,<br \/>\nBuilding Size, Architecture, Basement<br \/>\nFinishing and Zoning<\/p>\n<p>Retail Plaza\/<br \/>\nShopping Centre <\/p>\n<p>Location, Lot Size, Average per square foot<br \/>\nof rent, Tenant Type, Building Age, Building<br \/>\nSize, Parking<\/p>\n<p>Apartment Location, Building Age, Condition, Average<br \/>\nRent per Suite, Lot Size, Building Size<\/p>\n<p>Vacant Farm Land Location, Shape, Soil Rating, Workable<br \/>\nAcres, Total Acres, Topography<\/p>\n<p>Improved Farm Location, Total Acres, Workable Acres,<br \/>\nHouse, Outbuildings, Specific Barn Size,<br \/>\nnumber of animals(cows, pigs, chickens,<br \/>\nturkeys)<\/p>\n<p>Commercial Land Location, Shape, Zoning, Servicing, Lot<br \/>\nSize, Topography <\/p>\n<p>Development Land Location, Lot Size, Zoning, Official Plan,<br \/>\nServicing, Shape<\/p>\n<p>The weights shown on the right are actual percentages. A 0.24<br \/>\nis 24% and all the weights would have to add up to 100% or<br \/>\n1.00. A Solver in Excel is used to determine the amount of the<br \/>\nweight for each predictor variable. This is subsequently based<br \/>\nupon the scores allocated to each predictor variable for each<br \/>\nsale. Since the appraiser should not arbitrarily allocate his or<br \/>\nher own weights to each predictor variable, it is best to use the<br \/>\nSolver. The Solver can try up to 20,000 possible weights for each<br \/>\npredictor variable in less than a second before it selects the<br \/>\nbest weights. It would take the appraiser a significantly longer<br \/>\nperiod of time to arrive at the correct weights. So, there are three<br \/>\nquestions that need addressing:<\/p>\n<p>1. Is there any relationship between the weights and the<br \/>\nsale price of the comparables?<\/p>\n<p>2. How does one know if those weights are correct?<br \/>\n3. Where did the predictor variables come from?<\/p>\n<p>Appraise more than farmland<br \/>\nExpand your expertise and appraise some<br \/>\nof Canada\u2019s most progressive agricultural,<br \/>\ncommercial and industrial assets. Send your<br \/>\nresum\u00e9 to hugues.laverdure@fcc-fac.ca and<br \/>\nquote Valuation Candidates in the subject line.<\/p>\n<p>Vous \u00e9valuerez plus que<br \/>\ndes terres agricoles<br \/>\n\u00c9largissez votre champ de comp\u00e9tences et<br \/>\n\u00e9valuez des biens agricoles, commerciaux et<br \/>\nindustriels parmi les plus \u00e9volu\u00e9s au Canada.<br \/>\nFaites parvenir votre curriculum vit\u00e6 par courriel<br \/>\n\u00e0 hugues.laverdure@fac-fcc.ca en indiquant<br \/>\nCandidats pour l\u2019\u00c9valuation dans la ligne objet.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 30 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:hugues.laverdure@fcc-fac.ca<br \/>\nmailto:hugues.laverdure@fac-fcc.ca<\/p>\n<p>3.  With quality point, we can monitor the \u2018correctness\u2019 (for lack<br \/>\nof a better phrase) regarding the best predictor variable<br \/>\nselection by two ways.<br \/>\n(A) Monitor the coefficient of variance percentage (COV%) of<\/p>\n<p>the adjusted selling price per unit of measure selected by<br \/>\nthe appraiser. In our case, it is the selling price per square<br \/>\nfoot of church building, including the land. All the COV%<br \/>\nconsists of is the standard deviation of the adjusted selling<br \/>\nprice per unit of measure, expressed as a percentage of<br \/>\nthe mean adjusted selling price of the unit of measure.<br \/>\nIn QP, it is calculated automatically. The lower the COV%<br \/>\nmeans that there is very little variance between the low<br \/>\nand the high of the adjusted selling price of the unit of<br \/>\nmeasure. That is the goal of every DCA.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, if the predictor variables selected are<br \/>\nincorrect, there is no way that the COV% would be<br \/>\nbelow 5%, for example. We can see that in the adjusted<br \/>\nselling price output section in the valuation of the church<br \/>\nproperty shown below. The $4.21 is the average or mean<br \/>\nof the adjusted selling price per square foot of church<br \/>\nbuilding, including the land. The standard deviation (SD) is<br \/>\nthe distance around the above mean of $4.21. The COV%<br \/>\nof 2% is the relationship of the SD to the mean expressed<br \/>\nas a %.<\/p>\n<p>What the residual testing shows in the above church DCA is that, \u2018on<br \/>\naverage,\u2019 the difference between the actual and predicted is 1.64%.<br \/>\nIt is statistically impossible to have such a low average predicted<br \/>\namount by chance only. It is the result of proper data analysis by the<br \/>\nappraiser and using a very powerful tool in the DCA: QP.<\/p>\n<p>Summary<br \/>\nThe valuation of specialty properties such as churches requires<br \/>\na great deal of analysis and the appraiser asking the RIGHT<br \/>\nquestions. The condition of not only the sale properties and the<br \/>\nsubject property is a key component. We have found that church<br \/>\nowners do not segregate their future maintenance costs into<br \/>\npresent, somewhat into the future, and well into the future.<br \/>\nThey simply look at maintenance as one lump sum. However, from<br \/>\nan appraisal perspective, there is a difference between a $100,000<br \/>\nmaintenance cost that could be spread over five years as opposed<br \/>\nto the same cost that is needed presently. That has a large bearing<br \/>\non the appraisal process. We have also found that the buyers of<br \/>\nchurch properties in need of repair rely quite heavily on having<br \/>\none of the church members being able to fix the repairs at a<br \/>\nsubstantially lower cost than if an outside contractor was hired.<br \/>\nNo appraiser can predict that situation and should only rely on the<br \/>\ncontracted cost of repairs. <\/p>\n<p>ADJUSTED SELLING PRICE OUTPUT<\/p>\n<p>Mean $4.21<\/p>\n<p>Standard Deviation $0.10<\/p>\n<p>Coefficient of Variance % 2%<\/p>\n<p>PREDICTED UNIT PRICE INDEX #1 INDEX #2 INDEX #3 INDEX #4 INDEX #5 INDEX #6 INDEX #7<\/p>\n<p>Predicted Selling Price Per<br \/>\nSq Foot of Church Bldg<\/p>\n<p>$4.21 $79.88 $59.88 $45.09 $46.72 $59.62 $60.57<\/p>\n<p>Selling Price Per Square<br \/>\nFoot of Church Bldg<\/p>\n<p>$30.39 $83.39 $59.61 $44.79 $47.02 $59.04 $61.18<\/p>\n<p>Absolute Error (Predicted less Actual) 1.26 -3.51 0.27 0.30 -0.31 0.59 -0.61<\/p>\n<p>Absolute Error As % of Actual Price 4.13% -4.21% 0.45% 0.67% -0.65% 0.99% -1.00%<\/p>\n<p>(B) Residual testing is a good way to determine if the<br \/>\nappraiser\u2019s decisions about the selection of the predictor<br \/>\nvariables and their scores are correct. In quality point,<br \/>\nwe turn the model onto itself and predict the selling<br \/>\nprices of each sale based upon the scores allocated to<br \/>\nthe predictor variables. Obviously, if we have the wrong<br \/>\npredictor variable or allocated score, then we should<br \/>\nsee a large error in the residuals or difference between<br \/>\nthe actual selling price of the comparables and their<br \/>\npredicted prices. This is automatically completed in QP.<br \/>\nIn regards to the church property appraisal, this analysis<br \/>\nis shown as follows:<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 31Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>A vant de commencer le processus d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9glise, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de se familiariser avec son architecture, son<br \/>\nfonctionnement int\u00e9rieur et ses d\u00e9finitions. <\/p>\n<p>Les styles architecturaux des \u00e9glises ont consid\u00e9rablement<br \/>\nchang\u00e9 au cours des si\u00e8cles en raison de la nature de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;organisation religieuse, de la disponibilit\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res<br \/>\npremi\u00e8res et du financement, et de leur approche au culte. En<br \/>\nOntario, il y a de nombreuses cath\u00e9drales, mais, pour la plupart,<br \/>\nles \u00e9difices religieux ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre un m\u00e9lange de diff\u00e9rents<br \/>\ntypes d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ments architecturaux historiques tels que gothique,<br \/>\nbyzantin et roman, pour n&rsquo;en nommer que quelques-uns. <\/p>\n<p>Actuellement, il semble y avoir un mouvement qui s&rsquo;\u00e9loigne<br \/>\nde la construction d&rsquo;\u00e9glises bas\u00e9es sur ces styles architecturaux<br \/>\nplus anciens en raison des co\u00fbts de construction \u00e9lev\u00e9s et de<br \/>\nla fonctionnalit\u00e9. On demandera \u00e0 la plupart des \u00e9valuateurs <\/p>\n<p>de d\u00e9terminer la valeur marchande d&rsquo;une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise<br \/>\ndont la fr\u00e9quentation a diminu\u00e9 et dont le b\u00e2timent n\u00e9cessite des<br \/>\nco\u00fbts d&rsquo;entretien et de r\u00e9paration importants. Cela semble \u00eatre<br \/>\nun th\u00e8me commun o\u00f9 les membres de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise meurent et o\u00f9 il y<br \/>\na moins de soutien financier. Il ne fait aucun doute qu&rsquo;il y a eu un<br \/>\nd\u00e9clin constant par rapport aux organisations confessionnelles<br \/>\ntraditionnelles en raison des changements dans les \u00ab croyances \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p> L&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur des b\u00e2timents d&rsquo;\u00e9glise a tendance \u00e0 avoir des<br \/>\nconceptions et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de construction diff\u00e9rents. On<br \/>\nconstate souvent que le clocher et la cloche elle-m\u00eame ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nenlev\u00e9s pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et parce que la cloche de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;\u00e9glise ne sonne plus pour appeler les fid\u00e8les au culte. Les<br \/>\nimages jointes d&rsquo;\u00e9difices religieux communs que l&rsquo;on trouve<br \/>\npartout en Ontario montrent les diff\u00e9rentes parties des \u00e9glises.<br \/>\nLa compr\u00e9hension de certains d\u00e9tails architecturaux du b\u00e2timent<br \/>\nou du bien immobilier faisant l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et des <\/p>\n<p>\u00c9valuation<br \/>\nD&rsquo;\u00c9GLISES Par George Canning, AACI, P.APP<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 32 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Tour et<br \/>\nclocher<\/p>\n<p>Contrefort<br \/>\nplat <\/p>\n<p>Fen\u00eatres<br \/>\nen lancette<\/p>\n<p>Contreforts \u00e0<br \/>\ncapuchons <\/p>\n<p>Fen\u00eatres<br \/>\nhautes<\/p>\n<p>Tourelles<br \/>\nlat\u00e9rales<\/p>\n<p>Arche en demi-lune<br \/>\nappel\u00e9e lunette<\/p>\n<p>Niche avec<br \/>\nfigurine<\/p>\n<p>utilisations de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise comme \u00e9tant comparables peut sugg\u00e9rer<br \/>\nqu&rsquo;une variable pr\u00e9dictive possible est l&rsquo;architecture de l&rsquo;\u00e9difice<br \/>\nlui-m\u00eame. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;appellation exacte des parties int\u00e9rieures d&rsquo;un b\u00e2timent<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9glise est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. Ces noms<br \/>\npeuvent varier en fonction de l&rsquo;organisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise.<br \/>\nSi l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur n&rsquo;est pas s\u00fbr ou pas familier, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable<br \/>\nde demander au repr\u00e9sentant de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise les noms exacts.<br \/>\nCi-dessous se trouvent quelques parties communes de l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur<br \/>\nd&rsquo;une \u00e9glise. <\/p>\n<p>Vestibule : C&rsquo;est la zone de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise aussi connue sous le nom<br \/>\nd&rsquo;entr\u00e9e principale. Ici, on trouve une personne de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise qui<br \/>\ndistribue des d\u00e9pliants pour l&rsquo;office religieux. Cette zone est<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9cor\u00e9e de souvenirs d&rsquo;\u00e9glise ou, dans certaines<br \/>\norganisations, de fonts baptismaux ou b\u00e9nitiers. <\/p>\n<p>Nef : Zone de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise o\u00f9 les membres sont assis sur des bancs<br \/>\nou, dans certains cas, o\u00f9 il y a des espaces pour les fauteuils<br \/>\nroulants ou pour se tenir debout. <\/p>\n<p>Sanctuaire (ou ch\u0153ur) : Cette zone est situ\u00e9e en face de la nef<br \/>\net est d\u00e9limit\u00e9e par des marches ou une balustrade.<\/p>\n<p>Chaire : C&rsquo;est ici que le ministre ou le pr\u00eatre parle. Elle<br \/>\npeut \u00eatre \u00e9lev\u00e9e au-dessus du sanctuaire. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement,<br \/>\ncette zone est orn\u00e9e de panneaux de bois d\u00e9coratifs avec des<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments sculpt\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Tribune du ch\u0153ur : C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 le ch\u0153ur est assis et se<br \/>\ntrouve g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;organiste. Elle est d\u00e9limit\u00e9e<br \/>\npar un garde-corps en bois ou des marches. <\/p>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;est pas rare de trouver un balcon sup\u00e9rieur ou jub\u00e9<br \/>\nqui est utilis\u00e9 par les membres de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise. C&rsquo;est aussi un<br \/>\nendroit commun pour tout \u00e9quipement de sonorisation. Les<br \/>\n\u00e9glises plus modernes disposeront d&rsquo;un ensemble complet de<br \/>\nbureaux, de toilettes, de salles d&rsquo;\u00e9cole du dimanche et de salles<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires pour la pri\u00e8re priv\u00e9e. Les sous-sols sont<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9s pour les r\u00e9unions \u00e0 la fin du service, le<br \/>\nstockage et quelques installations de cuisine. <\/p>\n<p>Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nAvant d&rsquo;entreprendre le processus d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation proprement dit, il<br \/>\nest essentiel de comprendre le b\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nfaisant l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation sous diff\u00e9rents angles. <\/p>\n<p>Tout d&rsquo;abord, quel a \u00e9t\u00e9 le dossier historique des r\u00e9parations<br \/>\net de l&rsquo;entretien? L&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur a-t-il affaire \u00e0 un \u00e9difice qui a un<br \/>\nprogramme d&rsquo;entretien r\u00e9gulier ou \u00e0 un immeuble dont on a<br \/>\nreport\u00e9 l&rsquo;entretien, d\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;assembl\u00e9e de vendre<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9? Dans ce dernier cas, existe-t-il des estimations du<br \/>\nco\u00fbt des r\u00e9parations? Deuxi\u00e8mement, la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise<br \/>\ncomporte-t-elle un presbyt\u00e8re, qui est une maison s\u00e9par\u00e9e<br \/>\nutilis\u00e9e par le ministre ou le pr\u00eatre, mais situ\u00e9e sur le terrain de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise? Le presbyt\u00e8re fait-il l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un acte ou d&rsquo;un<br \/>\ntitre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 distinct afin qu&rsquo;il puisse \u00eatre vendu s\u00e9par\u00e9ment<br \/>\ndu b\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise et de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 restante? Troisi\u00e8mement,<br \/>\nil est important de noter s&rsquo;il y a eu ou non des demandes de<br \/>\nrenseignements de la part d&rsquo;autres organisations religieuses<br \/>\npour acheter la propri\u00e9t\u00e9? Cela refl\u00e8te directement la demande du<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9. Quatri\u00e8mement, l&rsquo;\u00e9glise a-t-elle d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite sur une <\/p>\n<p>liste priv\u00e9e ou sur le march\u00e9 libre? Cinqui\u00e8mement, pourrait-on<br \/>\nutiliser la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres fins que celles d&rsquo;une \u00e9glise? Il s&rsquo;agit<br \/>\nici de l&rsquo;utilisation optimale de l&rsquo;ensemble de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Exemple d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;une \u00e9glise<br \/>\nOn nous a demand\u00e9 de faire l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9glise<br \/>\nsitu\u00e9e dans le comt\u00e9 d&rsquo;Oxford. Il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;un b\u00e2timent d&rsquo;\u00e9glise<br \/>\ntypique dont l&rsquo;entretien avait \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement diff\u00e9r\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Une consid\u00e9ration tr\u00e8s importante pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des<br \/>\n\u00e9glises est de bien cerner la demande pour les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de ce<br \/>\ngenre au fil du temps. Ceci peut \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par la collecte<br \/>\nd&rsquo;une base de donn\u00e9es des \u00e9glises qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues. Dans<br \/>\nnotre cas, nous avions cherch\u00e9 des ventes de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9glises<br \/>\ndans le comt\u00e9 en question et dans les comt\u00e9s environnants.<br \/>\nLes ventes ont toutes eu lieu apr\u00e8s le 1er janvier 2010. Nous avons<br \/>\nfiltr\u00e9 les prix de vente puisque nous avons trouv\u00e9 des ventes de<br \/>\n1,00 $, 2,00 $ ou des prix de vente inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 1 000 $. Au total,<br \/>\n33 observations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>On ne saurait trop insister sur l&rsquo;utilisation de graphiques et<br \/>\nsur la collecte d&rsquo;une base de donn\u00e9es concernant l&rsquo;immeuble \u00e0<br \/>\n\u00e9valuer. En effectuant cette d\u00e9marche, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur peut obtenir<br \/>\nune meilleure perspective du march\u00e9 pour le type de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 33Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>sp\u00e9cifique et sa relation avec l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 du prix de vente. Il n&rsquo;est pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire d&rsquo;acheter un programme tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteux pour effectuer<br \/>\nce type d&rsquo;analyse. Les plus courants, Excel ou R, sont gratuits. <\/p>\n<p>Processus d&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es<br \/>\nPour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re d&rsquo;une \u00e9glise, il ne s&rsquo;agit pas<br \/>\nsimplement de trouver les ventes les plus r\u00e9centes dans les r\u00e9gions<br \/>\nrurales de l&rsquo;Ontario et d&rsquo;appliquer les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e.<br \/>\nIl faut choisir avec soin les variables pr\u00e9dictives qui seront utilis\u00e9es<br \/>\ndans l&rsquo;analyse. Les variables pr\u00e9dictives sont celles qui provoquent<br \/>\nune r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la variable r\u00e9ponse, qui est toujours l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nmesure. Dans notre cas, nous avons choisi le prix de vente au pied<br \/>\ncarr\u00e9 du b\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise, y compris le terrain. <\/p>\n<p>Nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 parl\u00e9 de l&rsquo;architecture. Dans notre cas, nous<br \/>\navons constat\u00e9 que cette variable n&rsquo;aidait pas l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur \u00e0<br \/>\nexpliquer les diff\u00e9rences dans les prix de vente des comparables.<br \/>\nCela ne signifie pas que cette variable doit \u00eatre ignor\u00e9e chaque fois<br \/>\nqu&rsquo;une \u00e9valuation d&rsquo;\u00e9glise est requise. Dans d&rsquo;autres \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9glises, nous avons constat\u00e9 que cette variable joue un r\u00f4le dans<br \/>\nl&rsquo;explication du prix. Les aspects architecturaux des b\u00e2timents<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9glise semblent \u00eatre un probl\u00e8me g\u00e9ographique. Il est plus<br \/>\ndominant dans les grandes collectivit\u00e9s et les grandes villes que<br \/>\ndans les r\u00e9gions rurales de l&rsquo;Ontario. <\/p>\n<p>La ligne de points carr\u00e9s est un lisseur LOWESS, qui \u00ab lisse \u00bb<br \/>\nl&rsquo;ensemble des donn\u00e9es et forme une ligne de la tendance<br \/>\ncommune. Nous constatons une tendance \u00e0 la baisse des prix<br \/>\n\u00e0 partir de 2018. Une analyse plus pouss\u00e9e des prix de vente<br \/>\ndes \u00e9glises montre que le prix moyen est de 250 333 $, avec un<br \/>\nminimum de 35 000 $. La m\u00e9diane se situe \u00e0 175 000 $.<\/p>\n<p>Diagramme chronologique du prix de vente<\/p>\n<p>Date de vente<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nri<\/p>\n<p>x<br \/>\nde<\/p>\n<p> v<br \/>\nen<\/p>\n<p>te<\/p>\n<p>Variable N N* Moy. ET moy. \u00c9cType Minimum Q1 M\u00e9diane Q3<br \/>\n33 0 250333 37003 212563 35000 105000 175000 318500<\/p>\n<p>Variable Maximum<br \/>\nPrix de vente 975000<\/p>\n<p>Statistiques descriptives : Prix de vente<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 34 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>En examinant nos donn\u00e9es, nous avons constat\u00e9 que<br \/>\nl&#8217;emplacement, la taille du b\u00e2timent, le nombre de places assises<br \/>\net l&rsquo;\u00e9tat du b\u00e2timent \u00e9taient les variables pr\u00e9dictives les plus<br \/>\nimportantes lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;expliquer les diff\u00e9rences dans<br \/>\nles prix des comparables. L&rsquo;\u00e2ge du b\u00e2timent, la taille du terrain et<br \/>\nla finition du sous-sol n&rsquo;ont rien fait pour expliquer les prix. <\/p>\n<p>Alors comment savoir quelles variables pr\u00e9dictives sont les<br \/>\nmeilleures? Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question, il faut employer une<br \/>\nm\u00e9thodologie d&rsquo;analyse qualitative ponctuelle qui est strictement<br \/>\nax\u00e9e sur la m\u00e9thode de comparaison directe (MCD). Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet<br \/>\noutil de donn\u00e9es exploratoires, il est possible de d\u00e9terminer<br \/>\nrapidement les forces et les faiblesses de toutes les variables<br \/>\npr\u00e9dictives potentielles. Nous pouvons le constater dans l&rsquo;analyse<br \/>\nqualitative ponctuelle utilis\u00e9e dans le rapport (graphique 3) qui<br \/>\nd\u00e9crit les variables pr\u00e9dictives utilis\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;analyse. <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9dictives par l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur. Au fil du temps, nous avons<br \/>\nremarqu\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une fourchette de pond\u00e9rations semblable se<br \/>\ndessine, compte tenu des ensembles de donn\u00e9es variables sur<br \/>\ndes types de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s semblables.<br \/>\n     Le montant des pond\u00e9rations pour chaque variable pr\u00e9dictive<br \/>\nest important, car il indique la \u00ab force \u00bb de la pond\u00e9ration par<br \/>\nrapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;explication des diff\u00e9rences dans les prix de vente des<br \/>\ncomparables. Apr\u00e8s tout, c&rsquo;est le seul but de la MCD : expliquer<br \/>\net r\u00e9duire la variation des prix de vente des comparables.<br \/>\nDans l&rsquo;exemple ci-dessus, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur s&rsquo;attendrait \u00e0 ce que les<br \/>\nvariables pr\u00e9dictives comme l&#8217;emplacement, l&rsquo;\u00e9tat, le nombre<br \/>\nde places assises aient un poids important, car il s&rsquo;agit l\u00e0 de<br \/>\nquestions essentielles pour tout acheteur. <\/p>\n<p>2. Il n&rsquo;y a pas de formule secr\u00e8te lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de choisir des<br \/>\nvariables pr\u00e9dictives. L&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur devrait commencer par<br \/>\ncertains \u00e9l\u00e9ments communs \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;immeuble<br \/>\nfaisant l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. Nous avons dress\u00e9 une petite<br \/>\nliste de variables pr\u00e9dictives possibles pour divers types de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s. En fin de compte, les variables pr\u00e9dictives peuvent<br \/>\n\u00e9galement changer par rapport \u00e0 l&#8217;emplacement. Par exemple,<br \/>\nune parcelle vacante de terrain commercial dans une \u00ab petite<br \/>\nville de l&rsquo;Ontario \u00bb peut ne pas avoir le m\u00eame nombre ou le<br \/>\nm\u00eame type de variables pr\u00e9dictives. N&rsquo;oubliez pas que les<br \/>\nvariables pr\u00e9dictives sont un produit de la fa\u00e7on dont l&rsquo;acheteur<br \/>\net le vendeur per\u00e7oivent la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, en plus d&rsquo;\u00eatre une fonction<br \/>\nd&rsquo;explication du prix.<\/p>\n<p>VARIABLES PR\u00c9DICTIVES POND\u00c9RATIONS MARCH\u00c9<\/p>\n<p>Emplacement (x 0.24)<\/p>\n<p>Dimensions du b\u00e2timent (x 0.13)<\/p>\n<p>Nombre de places assises (x 0.36)<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9tat (x 0.27)<\/p>\n<p>(x 1.00)<\/p>\n<p>Espace ajust\u00e9 d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent d&rsquo;\u00e9glise<\/p>\n<p>Les poids indiqu\u00e9s \u00e0 droite sont des pourcentages r\u00e9els. Un 0,24<br \/>\ncorrespond \u00e0 24 % et toutes les pond\u00e9rations devraient totaliser<br \/>\n100 % ou 1,00. Un Solveur dans Excel est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer<br \/>\nle poids de chaque variable pr\u00e9dictive. Ceci est ensuite bas\u00e9 sur<br \/>\nles scores attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque variable pr\u00e9dictive pour chaque<br \/>\nvente. Comme l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur ne devrait pas attribuer arbitrairement<br \/>\nses propres pond\u00e9rations \u00e0 chaque variable pr\u00e9dictive, il est<br \/>\npr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d&rsquo;utiliser le Solveur. Le Solveur peut essayer jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0<br \/>\n20 000 poids possibles pour chaque variable pr\u00e9dictive en<br \/>\nmoins d&rsquo;une seconde avant de s\u00e9lectionner les meilleurs poids.<br \/>\nIl faudrait beaucoup plus de temps \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur pour obtenir<br \/>\nles bonnes pond\u00e9rations. Il y a donc trois questions auxquelles il<br \/>\nfaut r\u00e9pondre :<\/p>\n<p>1. Existe-t-il un lien entre les poids et le prix de vente<br \/>\ndes comparables?<\/p>\n<p>2. Comment savoir si ces poids sont corrects?<br \/>\n3. D&rsquo;o\u00f9 proviennent les variables pr\u00e9dictives?<\/p>\n<p>1.  Il n&rsquo;y a pas de relation entre les pond\u00e9rations attribu\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nchaque variable pr\u00e9dictive et les prix de vente des comparables.<br \/>\nOn ne peut pas dire que l&#8217;emplacement de la variable pr\u00e9dictive<br \/>\navec une pond\u00e9ration de 24 % signifie que le prix de vente<br \/>\nde chaque vente repr\u00e9sente 24 %. Cela s&rsquo;explique par le fait<br \/>\nque les pond\u00e9rations varieraient en fonction du nombre de<br \/>\nventes choisies. Cet \u00e9nonc\u00e9 met-il en p\u00e9ril la validit\u00e9 des<br \/>\npond\u00e9rations? Pas du tout. Chaque ensemble de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\nutilis\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;immobilier produira une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de<br \/>\npond\u00e9rations, compte tenu des scores attribu\u00e9s aux variables<\/p>\n<p>TYPE DE BIEN VARIABLES PR\u00c9DICTIVES SUGG\u00c9R\u00c9ES<\/p>\n<p>Immeuble<br \/>\nindustriel <\/p>\n<p>Emplacement, Dimensions du terrain, \u00c2ge<br \/>\ndu b\u00e2timent, Hauteur du plafond, Espace<br \/>\nde bureau, Taille du b\u00e2timent, Superficie de<br \/>\nmezzanine<\/p>\n<p>Immeubles de<br \/>\nbureau convertis <\/p>\n<p>Emplacement, Stationnement, \u00c2ge du<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent, Taille du b\u00e2timent. Architecture,<br \/>\nFinition du sous-sol et zonage<\/p>\n<p>Centre commercial Emplacement, Dimensions du terrain,<br \/>\nLoyer moyen au pied carr\u00e9, Type de<br \/>\nlocataire, \u00c2ge du b\u00e2timent, Taille du<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent, Stationnement<\/p>\n<p>Appartements Emplacement, \u00c2ge du b\u00e2timent, \u00c9tat, Loyer<br \/>\nmoyen par unit\u00e9, Dimensions du terrain<br \/>\nTaille du b\u00e2timent<\/p>\n<p>Terre agricole<br \/>\nvacante <\/p>\n<p>Emplacement, Forme, Qualit\u00e9 du sol,<br \/>\nSuperficie arable, Superficie totale,<br \/>\nTopographie<\/p>\n<p>Ferme mise<br \/>\nen valeur <\/p>\n<p>Emplacement, Superficie totale, Superficie<br \/>\narable, Maison, D\u00e9pendances, Dimensions<br \/>\nde la grange, nombre d&rsquo;animaux (vaches,<br \/>\nporcs, poulets, dindons)<\/p>\n<p>Terrain commercial Emplacement, Forme, Zonage, Services<br \/>\npublics, Dimensions du terrain, Topographie <\/p>\n<p>Terrain de<br \/>\nlotissement <\/p>\n<p>Emplacement, Dimensions du terrain,<br \/>\nZonage, Plan officiel, Services publics, Forme<\/p>\n<p>3.  Avec le point de qualit\u00e9, nous pouvons surveiller la \u00ab justesse \u00bb<br \/>\n(\u00e0 d\u00e9faut d&rsquo;une meilleure expression) en ce qui concerne la<br \/>\nmeilleure s\u00e9lection de variables pr\u00e9dictives de deux fa\u00e7ons.<br \/>\n(A) Surveiller le coefficient de variance en pourcentage<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 35Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>(CdV %) du prix de vente ajust\u00e9 par unit\u00e9 de mesure<br \/>\nchoisie par l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur. Dans notre cas, il s&rsquo;agit du prix<br \/>\nde vente par pied carr\u00e9 du b\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise, y compris<br \/>\nle terrain. Le CdV % se compose uniquement de l&rsquo;\u00e9cart-<br \/>\ntype du prix de vente ajust\u00e9 par unit\u00e9 de mesure, exprim\u00e9<br \/>\nen pourcentage du prix de vente moyen ajust\u00e9 de l&rsquo;unit\u00e9<br \/>\nde mesure. Dans QP, il est calcul\u00e9 automatiquement. Plus<br \/>\nle CdV % est faible, plus il y a peu d&rsquo;\u00e9cart entre le prix<br \/>\nde vente ajust\u00e9 de l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de mesure et le prix de vente<br \/>\nle plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;objectif de chaque application de<br \/>\nla MCD. <\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, si les variables pr\u00e9dictives<br \/>\ns\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es sont incorrectes, il est impossible que le<br \/>\nCdV % soit inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 5 %, par exemple. Nous pouvons<br \/>\nle voir dans la section sur le prix de vente ajust\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nproduction dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise<br \/>\nillustr\u00e9e ci-dessous. Le 4,21 $ est la moyenne du prix<br \/>\nde vente rajust\u00e9 par pied carr\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9difice de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise,<br \/>\ny compris le terrain. L&rsquo;\u00e9cart-type (ET) est la distance<br \/>\nautour de la moyenne ci-dessus de 4,21 $. Le CdV %<br \/>\nde 2 % est la relation entre l&rsquo;\u00e9cart-type et la moyenne<br \/>\nexprim\u00e9e en %. <\/p>\n<p>Ce que les tests r\u00e9siduels montrent dans la MCD de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise ci-dessus,<br \/>\nc&rsquo;est que, \u00ab en moyenne \u00bb, la diff\u00e9rence entre les prix r\u00e9el et pr\u00e9vu est<br \/>\nde 1,64 %. Il est statistiquement impossible d&rsquo;avoir un montant moyen<br \/>\npr\u00e9dit aussi bas par simple hasard. C&rsquo;est le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une bonne<br \/>\nanalyse des donn\u00e9es par l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur et de l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;outil tr\u00e8s<br \/>\npuissant qu&rsquo;est QP dans la MCD.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<br \/>\nL&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es comme les \u00e9glises exige que<br \/>\nl&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur fasse beaucoup d&rsquo;analyse et qu&rsquo;il pose les BONNES<br \/>\nquestions. L&rsquo;\u00e9tat non seulement des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s vendues et de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9. Nous avons constat\u00e9 que les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taires d&rsquo;\u00e9glises ne distinguent pas leurs co\u00fbts d&rsquo;entretien futurs<br \/>\nentre les co\u00fbts d&rsquo;entretien actuels, co\u00fbts d&rsquo;entretien \u00e0 court terme et<br \/>\nco\u00fbts d&rsquo;entretien \u00e0 long terme. Ils consid\u00e8rent simplement l&rsquo;entretien<br \/>\ncomme une somme forfaitaire. Cependant, du point de vue de<br \/>\nl&rsquo;\u00e9valuation, il y a une diff\u00e9rence entre un co\u00fbt d&rsquo;entretien de 100 000 $<br \/>\nqui pourrait \u00eatre \u00e9tal\u00e9 sur cinq ans et le m\u00eame co\u00fbt qui est n\u00e9cessaire<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diatement. Cela a une grande incidence sur le processus<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. Nous avons \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 que les acheteurs de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9glises qui ont besoin de r\u00e9parations comptent beaucoup<br \/>\nsur le fait que l&rsquo;un de ses membres soit en mesure d&rsquo;effectuer les<br \/>\nr\u00e9parations \u00e0 un co\u00fbt beaucoup moins \u00e9lev\u00e9 que s&rsquo;il engageait un<br \/>\nentrepreneur externe. Aucun \u00e9valuateur ne peut pr\u00e9dire cette situation<br \/>\net devrait se fier uniquement au co\u00fbt des r\u00e9parations \u00e0 faire. <\/p>\n<p>EXTRANT DU PRIX DE VENTE AJUST\u00c9<\/p>\n<p>Moyenne $ 4.21<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9cart type  $ 0.10<\/p>\n<p>Coefficient de variance % 2%<\/p>\n<p>PRIX UNITAIRE PR\u00c9DIT INDEX #1 INDEX #2 INDEX #3 INDEX #4 INDEX #5 INDEX #6 INDEX #7<\/p>\n<p>Prix de vente pr\u00e9dit par pied carr\u00e9 du<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise<\/p>\n<p>$ 4.21 $ 79.88 $ 59.88 $ 45.09 $ 46.72 $ 59.62 $ 60.57<\/p>\n<p>Prix de vente par pied carr\u00e9 du<br \/>\nb\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise<\/p>\n<p>$ 30.39 $ 83.39 $ 59.61 $ 44.79 $ 47.02 $ 59.04 $ 61.18<\/p>\n<p>Erreur absolue (pr\u00e9dit moins r\u00e9el) 1.26 -3.51 0.27 0.30 -0.31 0.59 -0.61<\/p>\n<p>Erreur absolue comme % du prix r\u00e9el 4.13% -4.21% 0.45% 0.67% -0.65% 0.99% -1.00%<\/p>\n<p>(B) Les tests r\u00e9siduels sont un bon moyen de d\u00e9terminer<br \/>\nsi les d\u00e9cisions de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuateur concernant la s\u00e9lection<br \/>\ndes variables pr\u00e9dictives et leurs scores sont correctes.<br \/>\nEn ce qui a trait aux points de qualit\u00e9, nous retournons<br \/>\nle mod\u00e8le sur lui-m\u00eame et pr\u00e9disons les prix de vente<br \/>\nde chaque vente en fonction des scores attribu\u00e9s aux<br \/>\nvariables pr\u00e9dictives. \u00c9videmment, si nous avons la<br \/>\nmauvaise variable pr\u00e9dictive ou le mauvais score attribu\u00e9,<br \/>\nnous devrions constater une erreur importante dans les<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidus ou la diff\u00e9rence entre le prix de vente r\u00e9el des<br \/>\ncomparables et leur prix pr\u00e9vu. Ceci est automatiquement<br \/>\ncompl\u00e9t\u00e9 dans QP. En ce qui concerne l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise, cette analyse se pr\u00e9sente<br \/>\ncomme suit :<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 36 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Advocacy<\/p>\n<p>S ince the last issue of Canadian Property Valuation (CPV), the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) advocacy representatives<br \/>\nfrom across the country have been active in<br \/>\npromoting the AIC and the important role its<br \/>\nMembers play in the real estate industry. <\/p>\n<p>In this edition of Advocacy in Action,<br \/>\nour spotlight is on AIC\u2019s Third Annual<br \/>\nParliament Hill Day, which occurred during<br \/>\nthe Advocacy Committee\u2019s meetings in<br \/>\nOttawa in late February 2020. <\/p>\n<p>AIC Members at Parliament Hill<\/p>\n<p>Parliament Hill Days are very popular<br \/>\nin Ottawa and they are starting to<br \/>\ngather steam in provincial capitals. Hill<br \/>\nDays, as insiders call them, are where<br \/>\nan organization\u2019s team, including its<br \/>\nleadership, visits Parliament Hill to meet<br \/>\nas many Members of Parliament (MPs) as<br \/>\npossible in order to advocate on certain<br \/>\nissues on which they would like the federal<br \/>\ngovernment to take action. <\/p>\n<p>In February 2020, AIC organized<br \/>\nand delivered its third annual Hill Day,<br \/>\nwhich brought members of the Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee to Ottawa to meet over 20 MPs.<br \/>\nThe main objectives were to introduce AIC<br \/>\nand the important role appraisers play<br \/>\nin both the real estate industry and the<br \/>\nCanadian economy. <\/p>\n<p>It proved, once again, to be an excellent<br \/>\nopportunity to get in front of federal<br \/>\nlegislators to ensure appraisers are<br \/>\nincluded in discussions related to real<br \/>\nestate, as well as to create relationships<br \/>\nthat could be beneficial for AIC Members<br \/>\nand the protection of the public. <\/p>\n<p>As well as introducing AIC and the<br \/>\nrole appraisers have in real estate<br \/>\ntransactions, we also approached<br \/>\nlegislators with the following three issues<br \/>\nand recommendations:<\/p>\n<p>1. Updating Flood Maps Across Canada<br \/>\nto better inform and protect the public<br \/>\nand the real estate market as a whole.<\/p>\n<p>2. Exempting Mortgage Renewals<br \/>\nfrom the Application of the Stress<br \/>\nTest under B20 (Residential<br \/>\nMortgage Underwriting Practices<br \/>\nand Procedures, under the auspice<br \/>\nof the Office of the Superintendent<br \/>\nof Financial Institutions).<\/p>\n<p>3. Combatting Money Laundering Through<br \/>\na Beneficial Ownership Registry.<\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Honourable Wayne Easter, Chair of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance;<br \/>\nDebbie Pieterse, AACI, P.App; Keith Lancastle, MBA, CAE, AACI (Hon.), CEO of the AIC; and<br \/>\nMark Turner, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 37Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>ADVOCACY<\/p>\n<p>The main objectives for all three issues<br \/>\nare the protection of the public and the<br \/>\ninterest of consumers. These issues also<br \/>\nrequire expert knowledge and expertise<br \/>\nfrom AIC Members. <\/p>\n<p>This 2020 edition of Hill Day was<br \/>\nanother success. In fact, in the margins<br \/>\nof all these meetings, the Parliamentary<br \/>\nSecretary to the Minister of Finance,<br \/>\nSean Fraser, met with the entire Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee for a roundtable discussion. <\/p>\n<p>To view pictures from the meetings that<br \/>\nincluded AIC Members and MPs, please<br \/>\nvisit our Twitter page @AIC_Canada <\/p>\n<p>Testifying on the Hill<\/p>\n<p>Following is the testimony made by<br \/>\nthe Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s<br \/>\n(AIC\u2019s) President, Thomas Fox,<br \/>\nAACI, P. App., and AIC\u2019s CEO, Keith<br \/>\nLancastle to the House of Commons<br \/>\nStanding Committee on Finance.<br \/>\nThe hearings were on the 2020<br \/>\nPre-Budget Consultations, and<br \/>\nAIC presented its submission and<br \/>\nanswered questions from committee <\/p>\n<p>members. AIC was the only appraisal<br \/>\nassociation involved in the hearings<br \/>\nto represent the voice of the<br \/>\nprofession as well as the interests of<br \/>\nthe lending system and Canadians. <\/p>\n<p>This presentation was made<br \/>\nFebruary 6, 2020 on Parliament Hill \u2013<br \/>\na recorded version of this presentation<br \/>\nis available at https:\/\/parlvu.parl.<br \/>\ngc.ca\/Harmony\/en\/PowerBrowser\/<br \/>\nPowerBrowserV2\/20200206\/-1\/32575?Lan<br \/>\nguage=English&#038;Stream=Video. <\/p>\n<p>This is the third time in the last<br \/>\nthree years that the AIC has appeared<br \/>\nbefore the committee \u2013 the first one<br \/>\nbeing in February 2017, relating to<br \/>\nthe committee\u2019s study on Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nHousing Market.<\/p>\n<p>Mister Chairman, Honourable Members,<br \/>\nWe are honoured to be here and <\/p>\n<p>appreciate the opportunity to present our<br \/>\nmembers\u2019 concerns and recommendations<br \/>\nto the Standing Committee on Finance<br \/>\nin the context of the 2020 pre-budget<br \/>\nconsultation process. <\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada has<br \/>\nover 5,500 members that complete over<br \/>\none million appraisals annually valuing<br \/>\nover one trillion dollars\u2019 worth of real<br \/>\nproperty. They provide unbiased opinions<br \/>\nof value on residential, commercial and all<br \/>\nother types of property. <\/p>\n<p>In addition to a university degree,<br \/>\nour members complete a rigorous<br \/>\nProgram of Professional study leading<br \/>\nto one of two internationally recognized<br \/>\ndesignations. The scope and the conduct<br \/>\nof our members\u2019 services are defined<br \/>\nby our Canadian Uniform Standards of<br \/>\nProfessional Appraisal Practice. <\/p>\n<p>As a self-regulatory body, we have a<br \/>\nstrong focus on consumer protection. We<br \/>\nmaintain a robust disciplinary process<br \/>\nand provide a mandatory professional<br \/>\nliability insurance program to help protect<br \/>\nconsumers and our members\u2019 clients<\/p>\n<p>Our 2020 pre-budget submission is<br \/>\nfocused on three areas:<\/p>\n<p>First, that the Office of the<br \/>\nSuperintendent of Financial Institutions<br \/>\nexempt residential mortgage renewals <\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Michael Fox, AACI, P.App; Karen Koebel-Medlicott,<br \/>\nCRA, P.App; Francesco Sorbara, Parliamentary Secretary to<br \/>\nthe Minister of National Revenue; Thomas Fox, AACI, P. App.,<br \/>\nPresident of the AIC; and Mike Kirkland, AACI, P. App., Co-Chair<br \/>\nof the Advocacy Committee.<\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Mike Kirkland, AACI, P. App., Co-Chair of the AIC Advocacy Committtee;<br \/>\nSean Fraser, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance and Minister<br \/>\nof Middle Class Prosperity; Thomas Fox, AACI, P. App., President of the AIC;<br \/>\nKeith Lancastle, MBA, CAE, AACI (Hon.), CEO of the AIC; and Adam Dickinson,<br \/>\nAACI, P. App., Chair of the AIC Communications Committee.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 38<br \/>\nCanadian Property Valuation  |<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 38 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/parlvu.parlgc.ca\/Harmony\/en\/PowerBrowser\/PowerBrowserV2\/20200206\/-1\/32575?Language=English&#038;Stream=Video<\/p>\n<p>ADVOCACY<\/p>\n<p>from the application of the stress test<br \/>\nunder B20 Guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Second, that the Government of Canada<br \/>\nwork with provinces and territories to<br \/>\ncreate a publicly accessible registry of<br \/>\nbeneficial ownership to help combat money<br \/>\nlaundering in real estate.<\/p>\n<p>And third, that the Government of<br \/>\nCanada makes an immediate investment to<br \/>\nimprove the quality and availability of flood<br \/>\nmapping across the country. <\/p>\n<p>We understand that each of our<br \/>\nrecommendations have been noted<br \/>\nin mandate letters to the Minister of<br \/>\nFinance, the Minister of Innovation,<br \/>\nScience and Industry and the Minister<br \/>\nof Natural Resources. We would like to<br \/>\nconvey the importance of proceeding with<br \/>\nthese initiatives and we are prepared<br \/>\nto help support government in doing<br \/>\nthat work. <\/p>\n<p>As we all know, as of January 1, 2018<br \/>\nthe \u201cstress test\u201d has been applied to<br \/>\nuninsured residential mortgage loans<br \/>\nthrough federally regulated financial<br \/>\ninstitutions. This applies to mortgage<br \/>\nloans whether they are new originations,<br \/>\nrenewals or refinances.<\/p>\n<p>While we know that many in organized<br \/>\nreal estate have called for broad based<br \/>\nchanges in the stress test; our focus has<br \/>\nbeen on the application of the stress test<br \/>\nto renewals. Applying the stress test on<br \/>\nborrowers who may want to switch lenders<br \/>\nat renewal could prevent consumers from<br \/>\nobtaining the most competitive interest<br \/>\nrate and terms that might be available in<br \/>\nthe marketplace. <\/p>\n<p>Whether it is at the end of the<br \/>\nmortgage\u2019s first term or several terms<br \/>\ndown the road, mortgage holders seeking<br \/>\nto renew their mortgage are responsible<br \/>\nborrowers who have a proven track record,<br \/>\nand are not seeking to increase the amount<br \/>\nof their mortgage debt. <\/p>\n<p>We would also note transferring one<br \/>\nmortgage from one Federally Regulated<br \/>\nFinancial Institution to another does not<br \/>\nadd any additional financial stress to the<br \/>\nsystem as a whole. <\/p>\n<p>Therefore, we recommend that<br \/>\nmortgage renewals be exempt from the<br \/>\napplication of the stress test so that<br \/>\nCanadians can obtain the most competitive<br \/>\nrate and terms possible. <\/p>\n<p>Our second recommendation focuses<br \/>\non allegations of criminal behaviour<br \/>\nand money laundering through real<br \/>\nestate in Canada. One measure that has<br \/>\nbeen discussed, and in fact recently<br \/>\nannounced in British Columbia, is the<br \/>\nneed for a publicly accessible registry of<br \/>\nbeneficial ownership. <\/p>\n<p>In May 2019, the CD Howe Institute<br \/>\nreleased a report regarding Canada\u2019s<br \/>\nability to combat money laundering.<br \/>\nThe report called for a publicly accessible<br \/>\nregistry of beneficial ownership and states<br \/>\nthat \u201cCanada\u2019s anti-money-laundering<br \/>\nprotections (particularly as they pertain<br \/>\nto real estate) are among the weakest of<br \/>\nthose of the western liberal democracies\u2026\u201d<br \/>\nBased on 2018 GDP, the amount of money<br \/>\nlaundered annually in Canada is estimated<br \/>\nat $130 billion.  <\/p>\n<p>The report further outlines that money<br \/>\nlaunderers are able to do what they do<br \/>\nbecause of their ability to be \u201cinvisible and<br \/>\nanonymous.\u201d A publicly accessible registry<br \/>\nof beneficial ownership would address<br \/>\nthat concern. <\/p>\n<p>We believe that beneficial ownership<br \/>\nregistries would help support the balance<br \/>\nin market forces of supply and demand and<br \/>\nensure that legitimate homebuyers are<br \/>\nallowed to compete in a fairer and more<br \/>\nbalanced market. <\/p>\n<p>Regardless of how the registry<br \/>\nis structured, it is important that all<br \/>\nstakeholders within the real estate<br \/>\nindustry have full and equitable access<br \/>\nto these and other public records. <\/p>\n<p>Our third and final recommendation<br \/>\nrelates to the increased number of floods<br \/>\nthat have occurred over the last several<br \/>\nyears in communities across Canada,<br \/>\nmost notably due to abnormally high-<br \/>\nwater levels during the spring thaw. Many<br \/>\nthousands of residences and buildings<br \/>\nacross the country have struggled in <\/p>\n<p>preparing for and managing these<br \/>\nextreme flood events. <\/p>\n<p>Reports suggest that climate<br \/>\nchange is one of the factors that are<br \/>\ncontributing to recurring flooding. In<br \/>\nfact, the Insurance Bureau of Canada<br \/>\nestimates that over one million homes<br \/>\nacross Canada are at high risk of<br \/>\nflooding, and a portion of those are at<br \/>\nvery high risk of flooding. <\/p>\n<p>Homes and buildings that are<br \/>\nsituated in flood zones are often less<br \/>\nvaluable than those that are outside<br \/>\nof those zones. As the climate change<br \/>\nproceeds, floods will occur more<br \/>\nfrequently and in areas that were not<br \/>\naffected in the past. <\/p>\n<p>Prospective homeowners, developers<br \/>\nand the mortgage lending industry<br \/>\nrely, in part, on information gathered<br \/>\nby appraisers to make their buying<br \/>\nand lending decisions. Updated flood<br \/>\nmaps made available to the real estate<br \/>\nindustry would assist appraisers in<br \/>\nproviding more accurate information to<br \/>\nthose relying on their reports.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Chairman, Honourable members<br \/>\n\u2013 we are privileged to have been invited<br \/>\nhere today to share the perspectives<br \/>\nof our members. We appreciate the<br \/>\nchance to share our recommendations<br \/>\nand would be happy to respond to any<br \/>\nquestions or comments you and your<br \/>\ncolleagues may have.<\/p>\n<p>Thank you. Merci! <\/p>\n<p>Moving forward, the AIC Advocacy<br \/>\nCommittee will continue to develop<br \/>\nstrategies and build on the momentum<br \/>\nthat has been created over the course<br \/>\nof the last several years, as we continue<br \/>\nto make a name for ourselves with<br \/>\ngovernment and other real estate<br \/>\nindustry organizations.<\/p>\n<p>As always, if any members have<br \/>\nadditional issues that require the<br \/>\ncommittee\u2019s attention, please contact<br \/>\nyour provincial representative or<br \/>\nAndre Hannoush, Director, Public<br \/>\nAffairs, at andreh@aicanada.ca <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 39Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>D epuis le dernier num\u00e9ro d\u2019\u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada (EIC), les repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) de tout le<br \/>\npays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs dans la promotion de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et du r\u00f4le important que ses membres<br \/>\njouent au sein de l\u2019industrie immobili\u00e8re. <\/p>\n<p>Dans cette rubrique sur la D\u00e9fense<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats, nous mettons l\u2019accent<br \/>\nsur la troisi\u00e8me journ\u00e9e annuelle de<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019ICE sur la Colline du<br \/>\nParlement, qui s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e lors des<br \/>\nr\u00e9unions du Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\nqui a eu lieu \u00e0 Ottawa \u00e0 la fin du mois de<br \/>\nf\u00e9vrier 2020. <\/p>\n<p>Les membres de l\u2019ICE  <\/p>\n<p>sur la Colline du Parlement <\/p>\n<p>Les journ\u00e9es de la Colline du Parlement<br \/>\nsont tr\u00e8s populaires \u00e0 Ottawa et<br \/>\ncommencent \u00e0 prendre de l\u2019ampleur dans<br \/>\nles capitales provinciales. Les Journ\u00e9es<br \/>\nsur la Colline, comme les initi\u00e9s les<br \/>\nappellent, sont le moment o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019une<br \/>\norganisation, y compris ses dirigeants,<br \/>\nse rend sur la Colline du Parlement pour<br \/>\nrencontrer le plus grand nombre possible<br \/>\nde d\u00e9put\u00e9s afin de d\u00e9fendre certaines<br \/>\nquestions sur lesquelles ils souhaitent<br \/>\nque le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral prenne<br \/>\ndes mesures. <\/p>\n<p>En f\u00e9vrier 2020, l\u2019ICE a organis\u00e9 et<br \/>\nr\u00e9alis\u00e9 sa troisi\u00e8me journ\u00e9e annuelle<br \/>\nsur la Colline, qui a permis aux membres<br \/>\ndu Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats de<br \/>\nrencontrer plus de 20 d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e0 Ottawa.<br \/>\nLes principaux objectifs \u00e9taient de<br \/>\npr\u00e9senter l\u2019ICE et le r\u00f4le important que<br \/>\njouent les \u00e9valuateurs dans l\u2019industrie<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8re et l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne. <\/p>\n<p>Cette journ\u00e9e s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e, une fois<br \/>\nde plus, une excellente occasion de se<br \/>\npr\u00e9senter aux l\u00e9gislateurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux pour <\/p>\n<p>s\u2019assurer que les \u00e9valuateurs soient<br \/>\ninclus dans les discussions li\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019immobilier, ainsi que pour \u00e9tablir des<br \/>\nrelations qui pourraient \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques<br \/>\npour les membres de l\u2019ICE et pour la<br \/>\nprotection du public. <\/p>\n<p>En plus de pr\u00e9senter l\u2019ICE et le r\u00f4le<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs dans les transactions<br \/>\nimmobili\u00e8res, nous avons \u00e9galement<br \/>\nabord\u00e9 les l\u00e9gislateurs avec les<br \/>\ntrois questions et recommandations<br \/>\nsuivantes : <\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9fense<\/p>\n<p>(G-D) L&rsquo;honorable Wayne Easter, pr\u00e9sident du Comit\u00e9 permanent des finances de la Chambre des<br \/>\ncommunes; Debbie Pieterse, AACI, P.App; Keith Lancastle, MBA, CAE, AACI (hon.), PDG de l&rsquo;ICE;<br \/>\net Mark Turner, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 40 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FENSE<\/p>\n<p>1. Mettre \u00e0 jour les cartes des zones<br \/>\ninondables au Canada afin de mieux<br \/>\ninformer et prot\u00e9ger le public et le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 immobilier dans son ensemble.<\/p>\n<p>2. Exempter les renouvellements de<br \/>\npr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires de l\u2019application<br \/>\nde la simulation de crise pr\u00e9vue<br \/>\npar la norme B20 (Pratiques et<br \/>\nproc\u00e9dures de souscription de pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires r\u00e9sidentiels, sous<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9gide du Bureau du surintendant<br \/>\ndes institutions financi\u00e8res).<\/p>\n<p>3. Lutter contre le blanchiment<br \/>\nd\u2019argent par le biais d\u2019un registre de<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les principaux objectifs de ces trois<br \/>\nquestions sont la protection du public<br \/>\net l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des consommateurs.<br \/>\nCes questions requi\u00e8rent \u00e9galement<br \/>\nle recours aux connaissances et \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019expertise des membres de l\u2019ICE. <\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9dition 2020 de la Journ\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nla Colline a remport\u00e9 un autre succ\u00e8s.<br \/>\nEn effet, en marge de toutes ces r\u00e9unions,<br \/>\nle secr\u00e9taire parlementaire du ministre<br \/>\ndes finances, Sean Fraser, a rencontr\u00e9<br \/>\nl\u2019ensemble du Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\nen table ronde. <\/p>\n<p>Pour voir les photos des r\u00e9unions<br \/>\nauxquelles ont particip\u00e9 les membres de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019ICE et les d\u00e9put\u00e9s, veuillez visiter notre<br \/>\nTwitter page @AIC_Canada <\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9moignage sur la Colline <\/p>\n<p>Voici le t\u00e9moignage de Thomas Fox,<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs (ICE), P. App., AACI, et de Keith<br \/>\nLancastle, CD de l\u2019ICE, devant le Comit\u00e9<br \/>\npermanent des finances de la Chambre<br \/>\ndes communes. Les audiences portaient<br \/>\nsur les consultations pr\u00e9-budg\u00e9taires<br \/>\n2020, et l\u2019ICE a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 son m\u00e9moire et<br \/>\na r\u00e9pondu aux questions des membres du<br \/>\nComit\u00e9. L\u2019ICE a \u00e9t\u00e9 la seule association<br \/>\nd\u203a\u00e9valuation \u00e0 participer aux audiences<br \/>\npour repr\u00e9senter la voix de la profession<br \/>\nainsi que les int\u00e9r\u00eats du syst\u00e8me de pr\u00eat et<br \/>\ndes Canadiens. <\/p>\n<p>Cette pr\u00e9sentation a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite le 6 f\u00e9vrier<br \/>\n2020 sur la Colline du Parlement &#8211; une<br \/>\nversion enregistr\u00e9e de cette pr\u00e9sentation<br \/>\nest disponible sur https:\/\/parlvu.parl.<br \/>\ngc.ca\/Harmony\/en\/PowerBrowser\/<br \/>\nPowerBrowserV2\/20200206\/-1\/32575?Langua<br \/>\nge=English&#038;Stream=Video. <\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est la troisi\u00e8me fois en trois ans<br \/>\nque l\u2019ICE compara\u00eet devant le Comit\u00e9 &#8211;<br \/>\nla premi\u00e8re fois en f\u00e9vrier 2017, dans le<br \/>\ncadre de l\u2019\u00e9tude du Comit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 du<br \/>\nlogement au Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, honorables membres,<br \/>\nNous sommes honor\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre ici et <\/p>\n<p>appr\u00e9cions l\u2019occasion qui nous est donn\u00e9e<br \/>\nde pr\u00e9senter les pr\u00e9occupations et les<br \/>\nrecommandations de nos membres au<br \/>\nComit\u00e9 permanent des finances dans le<br \/>\ncadre du processus de consultation pr\u00e9-<br \/>\nbudg\u00e9taire 2020. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\ncompte plus de 5 500 membres qui r\u00e9alisent<br \/>\nplus d\u2019un million d\u2019\u00e9valuations par an, pour<br \/>\nune valeur de plus d\u2019un billion de dollars<br \/>\nde biens immobiliers. Ils fournissent des<br \/>\navis impartiaux sur la valeur des biens<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentiels, commerciaux et de tous les<br \/>\nautres types. <\/p>\n<p>En plus de poss\u00e9der un dipl\u00f4me<br \/>\nuniversitaire, nos membres suivent un<br \/>\nprogramme d\u2019\u00e9tudes professionnelles<br \/>\nrigoureux menant \u00e0 l\u2019un des deux titres<br \/>\nreconnus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale.<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00e9tendue et la conduite des services de nos<br \/>\nmembres sont d\u00e9finies par nos Normes<br \/>\nuniformes de pratique professionnelle en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada. <\/p>\n<p>En tant qu\u2019organisme d\u2019autor\u00e9gle-<br \/>\nmentation, nous mettons fortement l\u2019accent<br \/>\nsur la protection des consommateurs. Nous<br \/>\nmaintenons un processus disciplinaire<br \/>\nexigeant et fournissons un programme<br \/>\nd\u2019assurance responsabilit\u00e9 professionnelle<br \/>\nobligatoire pour aider \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les<br \/>\nconsommateurs et les clients de<br \/>\nnos membres.<\/p>\n<p>Notre pr\u00e9sentation pr\u00e9-budg\u00e9taire pour<br \/>\n2020 compte trois volets : <\/p>\n<p>Premi\u00e8rement, que le Bureau du<br \/>\nsurintendant des institutions financi\u00e8res<br \/>\nexempte les renouvellements de pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires r\u00e9sidentiels de l\u2019application de<br \/>\nla simulation de crise pr\u00e9vue dans les lignes<br \/>\ndirectrices B20. <\/p>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, que le gouvernement<br \/>\ndu Canada collabore avec les provinces et<br \/>\nles territoires pour cr\u00e9er un registre de la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 effective accessible au public afin<br \/>\nde contribuer \u00e0 la lutte contre le blanchiment<br \/>\nd\u2019argent dans le secteur immobilier.<\/p>\n<p>Et troisi\u00e8mement, que le gouvernement<br \/>\ndu Canada fasse un investissement imm\u00e9diat <\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Michael Fox, AACI, P.App; Karen<br \/>\nKoebel-Medlicott, CRA, P.App; Francesco<br \/>\nSorbara, Parliamentary Secretary to the<br \/>\nMinister of National Revenue; Thomas Fox,<br \/>\nAACI, P. App., President of the AIC; and<br \/>\nMike Kirkland, AACI, P. App., Co-Chair of the<br \/>\nAdvocacy Committee.<\/p>\n<p>(L-R) Mike Kirkland, AACI, P. App., Co-Chair of<br \/>\nthe AIC Advocacy Committtee; Sean Fraser,<br \/>\nParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of<br \/>\nFinance and Minister of Middle Class Prosperity;<br \/>\nThomas Fox, AACI, P. App., President of the AIC;<br \/>\nKeith Lancastle, MBA, CAE, AACI (Hon.), CEO of<br \/>\nthe AIC; and Adam Dickinson, AACI, P. App., Chair<br \/>\nof the AIC Communications Committee.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 41Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/parlvu.parl.gc.ca\/Harmony\/en\/PowerBrowser\/PowerBrowserV2\/20200206\/-1\/32575?Language=English&#038;Stream=Video<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FENSE<\/p>\n<p>pour am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et la disponibilit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nla cartographie des zones inondables dans<br \/>\ntout le pays. <\/p>\n<p>Nous comprenons que chacune de nos<br \/>\nrecommandations a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9e dans les<br \/>\nlettres de mandat adress\u00e9es au ministre<br \/>\ndes Finances, au ministre de l\u2019Innovation,<br \/>\ndes Sciences et de l\u2019Industrie et au ministre<br \/>\ndes Ressources naturelles. Nous aimerions<br \/>\nsouligner l\u2019importance de poursuivre ces<br \/>\ninitiatives et nous sommes pr\u00eats \u00e0 aider le<br \/>\ngouvernement \u00e0 faire ce travail. <\/p>\n<p>Comme nous le savons tous, depuis le<br \/>\n1er janvier 2018, la \u00ab simulation de crise \u00bb<br \/>\nest appliqu\u00e9e aux pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentiels non assur\u00e9s par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire<br \/>\nd\u2019institutions financi\u00e8res sous r\u00e9glementation<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rale. Cela s\u203aapplique aux pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires, qu\u203ail s\u203aagisse de nouvelles<br \/>\ninscriptions, de renouvellements ou de<br \/>\nrefinancements. <\/p>\n<p>Bien que nous sachions que de nombreux<br \/>\nacteurs de l\u2019immobilier organis\u00e9 ont r\u00e9clam\u00e9<br \/>\ndes modifications g\u00e9n\u00e9rales \u00e0 la simulation<br \/>\nde crise, nous nous sommes concentr\u00e9s<br \/>\nsur l\u2019application de la simulation de crise<br \/>\nlors des renouvellements. L\u2019application de<br \/>\nla simulation de crise aux emprunteurs<br \/>\nqui pourraient vouloir changer de pr\u00eateur<br \/>\nau moment du renouvellement pourrait<br \/>\nemp\u00eacher les consommateurs d\u2019obtenir<br \/>\nle taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et les conditions les plus<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9titifs qui pourraient \u00eatre disponibles<br \/>\nsur le march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Que ce soit \u00e0 la fin du premier terme de<br \/>\nl\u2019hypoth\u00e8que ou de plusieurs termes plus<br \/>\ntard, les d\u00e9tenteurs de pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires<br \/>\nqui cherchent \u00e0 renouveler leur hypoth\u00e8que<br \/>\nsont des emprunteurs responsables qui<br \/>\nont fait leurs preuves et ne cherchent<br \/>\npas \u00e0 augmenter le montant de leur<br \/>\ndette hypoth\u00e9caire. <\/p>\n<p>Il convient \u00e9galement de noter que<br \/>\nle transfert d\u2019un pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire d\u2019une<br \/>\ninstitution financi\u00e8re r\u00e9glement\u00e9e au niveau<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9ral \u00e0 une autre n\u2019ajoute pas de stress<br \/>\nfinancier suppl\u00e9mentaire au syst\u00e8me dans<br \/>\nson ensemble. <\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, nous recommandons que<br \/>\nles renouvellements de pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires <\/p>\n<p>soient exempt\u00e9s de l\u2019application de la<br \/>\nsimulation de crise afin que les Canadiens<br \/>\npuissent obtenir le taux et les conditions les<br \/>\nplus concurrentiels possibles. <\/p>\n<p>Notre deuxi\u00e8me recommandation<br \/>\nporte sur les all\u00e9gations de comportement<br \/>\ncriminel et de blanchiment d\u2019argent par le<br \/>\nbiais de l\u2019immobilier au Canada. Une mesure<br \/>\nqui a \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9e, et d\u2019ailleurs r\u00e9cemment<br \/>\nannonc\u00e9e en Colombie-Britannique, est<br \/>\nla n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u203aun registre de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\neffective accessible au public. <\/p>\n<p>En mai 2019, l\u2019Institut CD Howe a publi\u00e9<br \/>\nun rapport concernant la capacit\u00e9 du Canada<br \/>\n\u00e0 lutter contre le blanchiment d\u2019argent. Le<br \/>\nrapport appelle \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un registre<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 effective accessible au<br \/>\npublic et d\u00e9clare que \u00ab les protections du<br \/>\nCanada contre le blanchiment d\u2019argent (en<br \/>\nparticulier en ce qui concerne l\u2019immobilier)<br \/>\nsont parmi les plus faibles de celles des<br \/>\nd\u00e9mocraties lib\u00e9rales occidentales&#8230; \u00bb.<br \/>\nSur la base du PIB de 2018, le montant de<br \/>\nl\u2019argent blanchi annuellement au Canada est<br \/>\nestim\u00e9 \u00e0 130 milliards de dollars. <\/p>\n<p>Le rapport souligne en outre que les<br \/>\nblanchisseurs d\u2019argent sont en mesure de<br \/>\nproc\u00e9der en raison de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre<br \/>\n\u00ab invisibles et anonymes \u00bb. Un registre de<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 effective accessible au public<br \/>\nr\u00e9pondrait \u00e0 cette pr\u00e9occupation. <\/p>\n<p>Nous pensons que les registres de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 effective contribueraient \u00e0 soutenir<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9quilibre des forces du march\u00e9 entre<br \/>\nl\u2019offre et la demande et \u00e0 garantir que les<br \/>\nacheteurs l\u00e9gitimes de logements soient<br \/>\nautoris\u00e9s \u00e0 se faire concurrence sur un<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 plus \u00e9quitable et plus \u00e9quilibr\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Quelle que soit la structure du registre,<br \/>\nil est important que tous les acteurs du<br \/>\nsecteur immobilier aient un acc\u00e8s complet<br \/>\net \u00e9quitable \u00e0 ces registres et \u00e0 d\u2019autres<br \/>\ndocuments publics. <\/p>\n<p>Notre troisi\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re<br \/>\nrecommandation concerne le nombre<br \/>\ncroissant d\u2019inondations qui se sont produites<br \/>\nces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es dans des collectivit\u00e9s<br \/>\n\u00e0 travers le Canada, notamment en raison de<br \/>\nniveaux d\u2019eau anormalement \u00e9lev\u00e9s pendant<br \/>\nle d\u00e9gel du printemps. Plusieurs milliers de <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e9sidences et de b\u00e2timents \u00e0 travers le pays<br \/>\nont eu du mal \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer et \u00e0 g\u00e9rer ces<br \/>\ninondations extr\u00eames. <\/p>\n<p>Des rapports sugg\u00e8rent que le<br \/>\nchangement climatique est l\u2019un des<br \/>\nfacteurs qui contribuent \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence des<br \/>\ninondations. En fait, le Bureau d\u2019assurance<br \/>\ndu Canada estime que plus d\u2019un million<br \/>\nde maisons au Canada sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un<br \/>\nrisque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019inondation, et qu\u2019une partie<br \/>\nd\u2019entre elles sont tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es \u00e0 ce risque. <\/p>\n<p>Les maisons et les b\u00e2timents situ\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nles zones inondables ont souvent moins de<br \/>\nvaleur que ceux qui se trouvent en dehors de<br \/>\nces zones. Avec le changement climatique,<br \/>\nles inondations seront plus fr\u00e9quentes et se<br \/>\nproduiront dans des zones qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\ntouch\u00e9es par le pass\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9taires potentiels, les<br \/>\npromoteurs et le secteur des pr\u00eats<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e9caires s\u2019appuient, en partie, sur les<br \/>\ninformations recueillies par les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\npour prendre leurs d\u00e9cisions d\u2019achat et de<br \/>\npr\u00eat. La mise \u00e0 jour des cartes des zones<br \/>\ninondables mises \u00e0 la disposition du secteur<br \/>\nimmobilier aiderait les \u00e9valuateurs \u00e0 fournir<br \/>\ndes informations plus pr\u00e9cises \u00e0 ceux qui se<br \/>\nfient \u00e0 leurs rapports.<\/p>\n<p>Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, honorables<br \/>\nmembres &#8211; nous sommes privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s d\u2019avoir<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s ici aujourd\u2019hui pour partager<br \/>\nles perspectives de nos membres. Nous<br \/>\nsommes heureux de pouvoir partager nos<br \/>\nrecommandations et sommes dispos\u00e9s \u00e0<br \/>\nr\u00e9pondre \u00e0 toute question ou commentaire<br \/>\nque vous et vos coll\u00e8gues pourriez avoir. <\/p>\n<p>Merci!  <\/p>\n<p>Le Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\ncontinuera \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies et \u00e0<br \/>\nprofiter de l\u2019\u00e9lan cr\u00e9\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es, tout en continuant \u00e0 se faire un<br \/>\nnom aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement et d\u2019autres<br \/>\norganisations du secteur immobilier. <\/p>\n<p>Comme toujours, si des membres<br \/>\nont d\u2019autres questions qui requi\u00e8rent<br \/>\nl\u2019attention du comit\u00e9, veuillez contacter<br \/>\nvotre repr\u00e9sentant provincial ou Andre<br \/>\nHannoush, directeur des Affaires<br \/>\npubliques, \u00e0 andreh@aicanada.ca <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 42 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Aspects of the<br \/>\nAIC discipline process \u2013<br \/>\nthe Contract and<br \/>\nthe Charter<\/p>\n<p>BY JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>Barrister &#038; Solicitor, C.Arb, AACI(Hon)<\/p>\n<p>T he following paragraphs review two recent Ontario court cases addressing aspects of the discipline process<br \/>\nadministered by voluntary associations<br \/>\nsuch as the Appraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n(AIC). The first case reaffirms that members<br \/>\nof a voluntary association have a right to<br \/>\nprocedural fairness based on the nature<br \/>\nof the relationship members have with<br \/>\ntheir association and the impact a decision<br \/>\ncould have on a member. The second case<br \/>\nprovides an example of how the Canadian<br \/>\nCharter of Rights and Freedoms (Charter)<br \/>\nmight affect a discipline hearing. <\/p>\n<p>Voluntary organizations  <\/p>\n<p>governed by Contract<\/p>\n<p>In past articles, I have discussed the<br \/>\ncontractual nature of the relationship<br \/>\nbetween the AIC and its Members. The<br \/>\nrecent decision of the Ontario Court<br \/>\nof Appeal in Aga v. Ethiopian Orthodox<br \/>\nTewahedo Church of Canada1 [Aga]<br \/>\nreinforces the nature of this relationship.<\/p>\n<p>In Aga, five longstanding members (the<br \/>\nGroup) of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo<br \/>\nChurch of Canada St. Mary Cathedral<br \/>\n(Congregation) participated in a committee<br \/>\nto investigate an alleged heretical movement<br \/>\nwith the church. In due course, findings were<br \/>\nmade and recommendations suggested, <\/p>\n<p>none of which were implemented. The Group<br \/>\nwas not happy and it began to level criticism<br \/>\nat church officials. The Group was warned<br \/>\nthrough correspondence that they would<br \/>\nbe expelled if they continued to express<br \/>\ndissatisfaction with the decision not to<br \/>\nput the recommendations into effect,<br \/>\nbut they persisted. Some months later,<br \/>\nthe Group was advised by letter from the<br \/>\nArchbishop that, in apparent reliance<br \/>\nupon the Congregation\u2019s constitution and<br \/>\nbylaws, their membership was suspended.<br \/>\nThe Group was advised shortly thereafter<br \/>\nthat the required steps had been taken<br \/>\nto expel them from the Congregation.<br \/>\nThe Group sued, seeking a declaration<br \/>\nthat the expulsion was null and void. The<br \/>\nrespondent Church and certain members<br \/>\nof the Congregation brought a summary<br \/>\napplication to dismiss the Group\u2019s legal<br \/>\naction on the basis that there was no<br \/>\ncontract between the parties and, therefore,<br \/>\nthere was nothing to litigate. The summary<br \/>\napplication judge agreed, but on appeal to<br \/>\nthe Ontario Court of Appeal, the lower court<br \/>\ndecision was overturned and the Group was<br \/>\npermitted to continue their action.<\/p>\n<p>The Court of Appeal relied heavily upon<br \/>\nthe Supreme Court of Canada decision in<br \/>\nSenez v. Montreal Real Estate Board2 that<br \/>\nstated, in part, that when an individual joins<br \/>\na voluntary association:<\/p>\n<p>he accepts its constitution and the by-laws<br \/>\nthen in force, and he undertakes an obligation<br \/>\nto observe them. In accepting the constitution,<br \/>\nhe also undertakes in advance to comply<br \/>\nwith the by-laws that shall subsequently<br \/>\nbe duly adopted by a majority of members<br \/>\nentitled to vote, even if he disagrees with<br \/>\nsuch changes. Additionally, he may generally<br \/>\nresign, and by remaining he accepts the new<br \/>\nby-laws. The corporation may claim from<br \/>\nhim arrears of the dues fixed by a by-law.<br \/>\nWould such a claim not be of a contractual<br \/>\nnature? What other basis could it have in these<br \/>\ncircumstances? In my view, the obligation of<br \/>\nthe corporation to provide the agreed services<br \/>\nand to observe its own by-laws, with respect<br \/>\nto the expulsion of a member as in other<br \/>\nrespects, is similarly of a contractual nature.<\/p>\n<p>In Aga, the Ontario Court of Appeal affirmed that<br \/>\na written constitution and by-laws constitute<br \/>\na contract and once it is found that a contract<br \/>\nexists, there is an expectation of procedural<br \/>\nfairness. The requirements of procedural<br \/>\nfairness will depend on the circumstances,<br \/>\nbut, at a minimum, where expulsion is<br \/>\ninvolved, it involves notice, opportunity to make<br \/>\nrepresentations and an unbiased tribunal.3 <\/p>\n<p>Both the organization and its members are<br \/>\nbound by the terms of the constitution and by-<br \/>\nlaws and the court has jurisdiction to determine<br \/>\nif the rules of the voluntary association have<br \/>\nbeen met.4 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 43Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>Charter rights in discipline hearings<\/p>\n<p>Given the right to procedural fairness,<br \/>\ndoes the Canadian Charter of Rights<br \/>\nand Freedoms have a role to play in the<br \/>\ndiscipline process administered by the<br \/>\nAIC? The recent Ontario Superior Court<br \/>\nof Justice (Divisional Court) decision in<br \/>\nCollege of Veterinarians of Ontario v.<br \/>\nChoong,5 [Choong] gives some insight into<br \/>\nthe question.<\/p>\n<p>Choong, a veterinarian, had been<br \/>\ncharged with child pornography offences<br \/>\nthat were eventually withdrawn on the<br \/>\nbasis that Choong\u2019s Charter rights against<br \/>\nunreasonable search and seizure had<br \/>\nbeen violated. However, the College of<br \/>\nVeterinarians in Ontario learned of the<br \/>\ncharges, acquired the police evidence and<br \/>\ninitiated disciplinary proceedings against<br \/>\nChoong for professional misconduct. At<br \/>\nthe Discipline Committee hearing, Choong<br \/>\nsought an order from the Committee to<br \/>\nexclude the evidence on the basis that the<br \/>\nevidence was obtained in violation of his<br \/>\nrights. There was an Agreed Statement<br \/>\nof Facts that, among other things, agreed<br \/>\nthat there had been three breaches of the<br \/>\nCharter. Consequently, the Committee only<br \/>\nhad to determine if there was a basis to<br \/>\nexclude the evidence under sections 24(1)<br \/>\nand (2) of the Charter:<\/p>\n<p>(1) Anyone whose rights or freedoms,<br \/>\nas guaranteed by this Charter, have<br \/>\nbeen infringed or denied may apply<br \/>\nto a court of competent jurisdiction<br \/>\nto obtain such remedy as the court<br \/>\nconsiders appropriate and just in the<br \/>\ncircumstances.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Where, in proceedings under<br \/>\nsubsection (1), a court concludes that<br \/>\nevidence was obtained in a manner<br \/>\nthat infringed or denied any rights or<br \/>\nfreedoms guaranteed by this Charter,<br \/>\nthe evidence shall be excluded if it is<br \/>\nestablished that, having regard to all<br \/>\nthe circumstances, the admission of<br \/>\nit in the proceedings would bring the<br \/>\nadministration of justice into disrepute.<\/p>\n<p>Application of section 24 required<br \/>\nconsideration of three factors set out in <\/p>\n<p>the Supreme Court of Canada decision in<br \/>\nR. v. Grant6 (Grant):<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the seriousness of the Charter<br \/>\ninfringing conduct;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the impact of the breach on the Charter<br \/>\nprotected interests of the individual; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 society\u2019s interest in adjudicating the<br \/>\ncase on its merits.<\/p>\n<p>A majority of the Committee found that<br \/>\nthe impact of the breach on the Charter-<br \/>\nprotected interests was worthy of excluding<br \/>\nthe evidence and they were not convinced<br \/>\nthat there was a greater societal interest<br \/>\nin a professional disciplinary proceeding<br \/>\nthan there is in a criminal proceeding. The<br \/>\nmajority of the Committee ruled to exclude<br \/>\nthe police evidence.<\/p>\n<p>The College appealed to the court<br \/>\nseeking to set aside the Committee<br \/>\ndecision. The court ruled that Committee\u2019s<br \/>\ndecision was unreasonable in large<br \/>\nmeasure because, in considering the<br \/>\nsecond factor, the majority relied upon<br \/>\na court decision that was not applicable<br \/>\nto the circumstances. The Committee<br \/>\ndecision excluding the police evidence was<br \/>\nset aside and the matter was remitted to<br \/>\nthe Committee to reconsider whether the<br \/>\nevidence should be excluded.<\/p>\n<p>Of interest in relation to the third<br \/>\nfactor in Grant, is the following passage at<br \/>\nparagraph 71 of Choong: <\/p>\n<p> 71 Moreover, even if it can be discerned<br \/>\nthat the Crown determined that there<br \/>\nwas little societal interest in proceeding<br \/>\nwith the criminal charges, the same<br \/>\nreasoning is not strictly applicable to<br \/>\nthe disciplinary context. The Discipline<br \/>\nCommittee did not consider the<br \/>\ndistinction as Justice Belobaba explained<br \/>\nin Kelly v. Ontario, 2014 ONSC 3824 (Ont.<br \/>\nS.C.J.), at para. 36:<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, even where there is<br \/>\nserious police misconduct in a criminal<br \/>\nproceeding and the unlawfully obtained<br \/>\nevidence is or could have been excluded<br \/>\nunder s. 24(2), it does not follow that the<br \/>\nsame evidence will or should be excluded<br \/>\nin a civil or administrative proceeding.<br \/>\nThe strong message of the Supreme <\/p>\n<p>Court in the Mooring to Conway line of cases<br \/>\ndiscussed earlier is two-fold: one, evidence<br \/>\nexcluded in criminal proceedings may well<br \/>\nbe admitted in administrative proceedings<br \/>\nbecause the context of the s. 24(2) inquiry<br \/>\nin the civil or administrative context is very<br \/>\ndifferent; and two, given that specialized<br \/>\nadministrative tribunals have primary<br \/>\njurisdiction to make s. 24(2) decisions,<br \/>\nthey should be allowed to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Although section 24(2) of the Charter<br \/>\nrefers to the court and does not reference<br \/>\nother tribunals, there was no suggestion<br \/>\nin Choong that the Committee did not have<br \/>\njurisdiction to rule on the application to exclude<br \/>\nevidence. Indeed, the Kelly decision, relied<br \/>\nupon in Choong, expressly contemplates<br \/>\nadministrative tribunals having jurisdiction<br \/>\nto decide section 24 applications. <\/p>\n<p>While one expects that the cases will<br \/>\nbe rare, Choong suggests that 1) there<br \/>\nmay be circumstances that give rise to a<br \/>\nconsideration of Charter rights and possible<br \/>\nexclusion of evidence in an AIC discipline<br \/>\nhearing, and 2) if those circumstances arise,<br \/>\nthe Adjudicating Committee panel will have<br \/>\nto engage in an analysis reflecting upon<br \/>\nthe factors set out in Grant to decide if the<br \/>\nevidence should be admitted. As noted in<br \/>\nthe quote from the Kelly decision above,<br \/>\nthe fact that evidence was unlawfully<br \/>\nobtained in a criminal proceeding may<br \/>\nnot be a bar to admitting the evidence in<br \/>\na discipline hearing.<\/p>\n<p>End notes<br \/>\n1  2020 ONCA 10<br \/>\n2  [1980] 2 S.C.R. 555, pp. 566-567<br \/>\n3  Aga, paras. 40,41<br \/>\n4  Aga, paras. 43, 45<br \/>\n5  2019 ONSC 946, application for leave to <\/p>\n<p>appeal to SCC dismissed 2020-02-06<br \/>\n 6 2009 SCC 32<br \/>\nThis article is provided for the purposes<br \/>\nof generating discussion and to make<br \/>\npractitioners aware of certain challenges<br \/>\npresented in the law. It is not to be taken as<br \/>\nlegal advice. Any questions arising in particular<br \/>\ncircumstances should be put to qualified legal<br \/>\nand appraisal practitioners. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 44 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PAR JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>Avocat et notaire, C.Arb, AACI(Hon)<\/p>\n<p>Aspects du processus<br \/>\ndisciplinaire de l\u2019ICE \u2013<br \/>\nle contrat et la Charte <\/p>\n<p>L es paragraphes qui suivent examinent deux r\u00e9cents proc\u00e8s en Ontario concernant les aspects du processus<br \/>\ndisciplinaire administr\u00e9 par des<br \/>\nassociations b\u00e9n\u00e9voles comme l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE). Le<br \/>\npremier proc\u00e8s confirme que les membres<br \/>\nd\u2019une association b\u00e9n\u00e9vole ont droit \u00e0<br \/>\nune proc\u00e9dure \u00e9quitable, selon la nature<br \/>\nde la relation qu\u2019ils entretiennent avec<br \/>\nleur association et l\u2019incidence qu\u2019une<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision pourrait avoir sur eux. Le second<br \/>\nproc\u00e8s donne un exemple de la fa\u00e7on<br \/>\ndont la Charte canadienne des droits et<br \/>\nlibert\u00e9s (la Charte) pourrait influencer une<br \/>\naudience disciplinaire.<\/p>\n<p>Organisations b\u00e9n\u00e9voles <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e9gies par contrat<\/p>\n<p>Dans des articles pass\u00e9s, j\u2019ai parl\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nnature contractuelle de la relation entre<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE et ses membres. La r\u00e9cente d\u00e9cision<br \/>\nde la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Ontario dans Aga<br \/>\nv. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church<br \/>\nof Canada1 [Aga] renforce la nature de<br \/>\ncette relation.<\/p>\n<p>Dans Aga, cinq membres de longue<br \/>\ndate (le groupe) de l\u2019Ethiopian Orthodox<br \/>\nTewahedo Church of Canada St. Mary<br \/>\nCathedral (la congr\u00e9gation) ont si\u00e9g\u00e9 \u00e0 un<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9 pour enqu\u00eater sur un mouvement <\/p>\n<p>h\u00e9r\u00e9tique all\u00e9gu\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019\u00e9glise.<br \/>\nDans le temps voulu, le comit\u00e9 a tir\u00e9 des<br \/>\nconclusions et fait des recommandations,<br \/>\ndont aucune n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenue. Insatisfait,<br \/>\nle groupe a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 critiquer les<br \/>\ndirigeants de l\u2019\u00e9glise. Le groupe a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\naverti par correspondance qu\u2019il serait<br \/>\nexpuls\u00e9 s\u2019il continuait \u00e0 exprimer son<br \/>\ninsatisfaction avec la d\u00e9cision de ne pas<br \/>\nappliquer les recommandations, mais<br \/>\nil a persist\u00e9. Quelques mois plus tard,<br \/>\nle groupe \u00e9t\u00e9 avis\u00e9 par lettre de la part<br \/>\nde l\u2019archev\u00eaque que, semble-t-il, selon<br \/>\nla constitution et les r\u00e8glements de la<br \/>\ncongr\u00e9gation, leur adh\u00e9sion avait \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nsuspendue. Peu apr\u00e8s, le groupe a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\navis\u00e9 que les \u00e9tapes requises avaient<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 suivies pour les expulser de la<br \/>\ncongr\u00e9gation. Le groupe a engag\u00e9 une<br \/>\npoursuite, demandant une d\u00e9claration<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019effet que l\u2019expulsion \u00e9tait nulle et<br \/>\nnon avenue. L\u2019\u00e9glise intim\u00e9e et certains<br \/>\nmembres de la congr\u00e9gation ont d\u00e9pos\u00e9<br \/>\nune requ\u00eate sommaire de rejeter la<br \/>\npoursuite, arguant qu\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas<br \/>\nde contrat entre les parties et que, par<br \/>\ncons\u00e9quent, il n\u2019y avait rien \u00e0 plaider.<br \/>\nLe juge \u00e9tait d\u2019accord avec la requ\u00eate<br \/>\nsommaire, mais lorsque le cas \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis<br \/>\n\u00e0 la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Ontario, la d\u00e9cision<br \/>\ndu tribunal inf\u00e9rieur a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvers\u00e9e et le<br \/>\ngroupe a pu reprendre sa poursuite.<\/p>\n<p>La Cour d\u2019appel s\u2019est appuy\u00e9e<br \/>\nfortement sur la d\u00e9cision de la Cour<br \/>\nsupr\u00eame du Canada dans Senez v.<br \/>\nMontreal Real Estate Board2 qui d\u00e9clarait,<br \/>\nen partie, que lorsqu\u2019un individu se joint<br \/>\n\u00e0 une association b\u00e9n\u00e9vole :<\/p>\n<p>Il accepte sa constitution et les<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements alors en vigueur et il<br \/>\ncontracte l\u2019obligation de les observer.<br \/>\nEn acceptant la constitution, il<br \/>\ns\u2019engage aussi d\u2019avance \u00e0 observer les<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements qui seront r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement<br \/>\nadopt\u00e9s plus tard par la majorit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes membres habiles \u00e0 voter, et ce,<br \/>\nm\u00eame s\u2019il n\u2019est pas d\u2019accord avec ces<br \/>\nchangements. D\u2019ailleurs, il pourrait<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9missionner alors<br \/>\nqu\u2019en restant il accepte les nouveaux<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements. La corporation pourrait<br \/>\nlui r\u00e9clamer en justice les arr\u00e9rages<br \/>\nde la cotisation fix\u00e9e par r\u00e8glement.<br \/>\nCette r\u00e9clamation ne serait-elle<br \/>\npas de nature contractuelle? Quelle<br \/>\nautre source pourrait-elle bien<br \/>\navoir en l\u2019instance? Il me para\u00eet<br \/>\nque l\u2019obligation de la corporation<br \/>\nde fournir les services convenus et<br \/>\nd\u2019observer ses propres r\u00e8glements,<br \/>\nen ce qui concerne l\u2019expulsion<br \/>\nd\u2019un membre comme \u00e0 tous autres<br \/>\n\u00e9gards, est pareillement de nature<br \/>\ncontractuelle.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 45Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>Dans Aga, la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Ontario<br \/>\naffirmait qu\u2019une constitution et des<br \/>\nr\u00e8glements \u00e9crits constituent un contrat<br \/>\net en apprenant qu\u2019un contrat existe,<br \/>\non s\u2019attend \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure \u00e9quitable.<br \/>\nLes exigences de ladite proc\u00e9dure<br \/>\nd\u00e9pendront des circonstances mais, au<br \/>\nminimum, lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019expulsion,<br \/>\ncela implique des avis, l\u2019opportunit\u00e9<br \/>\nde faire des repr\u00e9sentations et un<br \/>\ntribunal impartial.3 <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019organisation et ses membres sont<br \/>\nli\u00e9s par les termes de la constitution et<br \/>\ndes r\u00e8glements, et le tribunal poss\u00e8de<br \/>\nla comp\u00e9tence pour d\u00e9terminer si les<br \/>\nr\u00e8gles de l\u2019association b\u00e9n\u00e9vole ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9es.4 <\/p>\n<p>Charte des droits dans  <\/p>\n<p>les audiences disciplinaires<\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu du droit \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure<br \/>\n\u00e9quitable, la Charte canadienne des<br \/>\ndroits et libert\u00e9s a-t-elle un r\u00f4le \u00e0<br \/>\njouer dans le processus disciplinaire<br \/>\nadministr\u00e9 par l\u2019ICE ? La r\u00e9cente<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision de la Cour sup\u00e9rieure de justice<br \/>\nde l\u2019Ontario (Cour divisionnaire) dans<br \/>\nCollege of Veterinarians of Ontario v.<br \/>\nChoong,5 [Choong] jette plus de lumi\u00e8re<br \/>\nsur le sujet.<\/p>\n<p>Choong, un v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, avait<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d\u2019infractions li\u00e9es \u00e0<br \/>\nla pornographie juv\u00e9nile, qui ont<br \/>\n\u00e9ventuellement \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9es parce que,<br \/>\nselon la Charte, les droits de Choong<br \/>\ncontre les fouilles, les perquisitions ou<br \/>\nles saisies abusives avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9s.<br \/>\nCependant, l\u2019Ordre des v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires de<br \/>\nl\u2019Ontario, apprenant les accusations, a<br \/>\nobtenu la preuve polici\u00e8re et entrepris<br \/>\ndes proc\u00e9dures disciplinaires contre<br \/>\nChoong pour inconduite professionnelle.<br \/>\n\u00c0 l\u2019audience du comit\u00e9 de discipline,<br \/>\nChoong a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 celui-ci d\u2019\u00e9mettre<br \/>\nune ordonnance excluant ladite preuve<br \/>\nparce qu\u2019elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue en<br \/>\nviolation de ses droits. Il y avait un expos\u00e9<br \/>\nconjoint des faits, entre autres choses,<br \/>\nstipulant que trois violations de la Charte<br \/>\n\u00e9taient survenues. Par cons\u00e9quent, <\/p>\n<p>le comit\u00e9 n\u2019a eu qu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il y<br \/>\navait lieu d\u2019exclure la preuve, en vertu<br \/>\ndes articles 24(1) et (2) de la Charte :<\/p>\n<p>(1) Toute personne, victime de<br \/>\nviolation ou de n\u00e9gation des<br \/>\ndroits ou libert\u00e9s qui lui sont<br \/>\ngarantis par la pr\u00e9sente Charte,<br \/>\npeut s\u2019adresser \u00e0 un tribunal<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tent pour obtenir la<br \/>\nr\u00e9paration que le tribunal estime<br \/>\nconvenable et juste eu \u00e9gard<br \/>\naux circonstances.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Lorsque, dans une instance vis\u00e9e<br \/>\nau paragraphe (1), le tribunal<br \/>\na conclu que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de<br \/>\npreuve ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenus dans des<br \/>\nconditions qui portent atteinte aux<br \/>\ndroits ou libert\u00e9s garantis par la<br \/>\npr\u00e9sente Charte, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments de<br \/>\npreuve sont \u00e9cart\u00e9s s\u2019il est \u00e9tabli,<br \/>\neu \u00e9gard aux circonstances, que<br \/>\nleur utilisation est susceptible de<br \/>\nd\u00e9consid\u00e9rer l\u2019administration de<br \/>\nla justice.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019application de l\u2019article 24 demandait<br \/>\nque l\u2019on prenne en consid\u00e9ration trois<br \/>\nfacteurs pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s dans la d\u00e9cision de<br \/>\nla Cour supr\u00eame du Canada dans R. v.<br \/>\nGrant6 (Grant) :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 la gravit\u00e9 de la conduite<br \/>\nattentatoire contre la Charte;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 l\u2019incidence de la violation sur les<br \/>\ndroits de l\u2019accus\u00e9 garantis par la<br \/>\nCharte;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 ce que<br \/>\nl\u2019affaire soit jug\u00e9e au fond.<\/p>\n<p>La majorit\u00e9 des membres du comit\u00e9<br \/>\nont conclu que l\u2019impact des violations<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la Charte<br \/>\njustifiait l\u2019exclusion de la preuve, car ils<br \/>\nn\u2019\u00e9taient pas convaincus que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\ncollectif \u00e9tait plus important dans une<br \/>\nproc\u00e9dure disciplinaire professionnelle<br \/>\nque dans une proc\u00e9dure criminelle.<br \/>\nLa majorit\u00e9 du conseil a donc ordonn\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019exclure la preuve polici\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Ordre des v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires en a<br \/>\nappel\u00e9 au tribunal pour qu\u2019il annule<br \/>\nla d\u00e9cision du comit\u00e9. Le tribunal<br \/>\na conclu que la d\u00e9cision du comit\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>n\u2019\u00e9tait pas raisonnable, en grande partie<br \/>\nparce que en consid\u00e9rant le second<br \/>\nfacteur, la majorit\u00e9 s\u2019est appuy\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nune d\u00e9cision du tribunal qui n\u2019\u00e9tait<br \/>\npas applicable dans les circonstances.<br \/>\nLa d\u00e9cision du comit\u00e9 d\u2019exclure la<br \/>\npreuve polici\u00e8re a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9e et<br \/>\nl\u2019affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9e au comit\u00e9 pour<br \/>\nqu\u2019il reconsid\u00e8re si la preuve devrait<br \/>\n\u00eatre exclue.<\/p>\n<p>Une chose int\u00e9ressante par rapport<br \/>\nau troisi\u00e8me facteur dans Grant est<br \/>\nle passage suivant au paragraphe 71<br \/>\nde Choong :<\/p>\n<p>71 De plus, si l\u2019on peut conclure que<br \/>\nla Couronne a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 qu\u2019il y avait<br \/>\npeu d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat soci\u00e9tal \u00e0 d\u00e9poser des<br \/>\naccusations criminelles, le m\u00eame<br \/>\nraisonnement n\u2019est pas strictement<br \/>\napplicable au contexte disciplinaire.<br \/>\nLe comit\u00e9 de discipline n\u2019a pas tenu<br \/>\ncompte de la distinction, comme<br \/>\nl\u2019expliquait le juge Belobaba dans<br \/>\nKelly v. Ontario, 2014 ONSC 3824 (Ont.<br \/>\nS.C.J.), au paragraphe 36 :<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, m\u00eame s\u2019il y a<br \/>\ninconduite polici\u00e8re grave dans<br \/>\nune proc\u00e9dure criminelle et si la<br \/>\npreuve obtenue ill\u00e9galement est ou<br \/>\npourrait avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 exclue en vertu de<br \/>\nl\u2019article 24(2), il ne s\u2019ensuit pas que<br \/>\nla m\u00eame preuve soit ou devrait \u00eatre<br \/>\nexclue dans une proc\u00e9dure civile<br \/>\nou administrative. Le message<br \/>\nfort envoy\u00e9 par la Cour supr\u00eame<br \/>\ndans la s\u00e9rie de cas Mooring to<br \/>\nConway discut\u00e9s plus t\u00f4t est \u00e0<br \/>\ndeux volets : un, la preuve exclue<br \/>\ndans les proc\u00e9dures criminelles<br \/>\npourrait bien \u00eatre admise dans<br \/>\nles proc\u00e9dures administratives<br \/>\nparce que le contexte de l\u2019article<br \/>\n24(2) en termes d\u2019enqu\u00eate civile ou<br \/>\nadministrative est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent;<br \/>\net deux, comme les tribunaux<br \/>\nadministratifs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s sont les<br \/>\nplus comp\u00e9tents pour rendre une<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision en vertu de l\u2019article 24(2),<br \/>\nils devraient avoir la libert\u00e9 de<br \/>\nle faire.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 46 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si l\u2019article 24(2) de la Charte<br \/>\n\u00e9voque la cour et non d\u2019autres<br \/>\ntribunaux, rien n\u2019indiquait dans<br \/>\nChoong que le comit\u00e9 n\u2019avait pas la<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence pour trancher sur la<br \/>\ndemande d\u2019exclure la preuve. En fait, la<br \/>\nd\u00e9cision de Kelly, utilis\u00e9e dans Choong,<br \/>\nsonge express\u00e9ment \u00e0 des tribunaux<br \/>\nadministratifs ayant la comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\nde trancher sur des applications de<br \/>\nl\u2019article 24.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que l\u2019on s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que<br \/>\nles cas soient rares, Choong donne<br \/>\n\u00e0 penser que : 1) il pourrait y avoir<br \/>\ndes circonstances donnant lieu \u00e0 un <\/p>\n<p>recours aux droits de la Charte et<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019exclusion possible de la preuve<br \/>\ndans une audience disciplinaire de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE; et 2) si de telles circonstances<br \/>\nsurviennent, le jury du Comit\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019arbitrage devra se livrer \u00e0 une<br \/>\nanalyse des facteurs pr\u00e9sents dans<br \/>\nGrant pour d\u00e9cider si la preuve devrait<br \/>\n\u00eatre admise. Comme l\u2019indique la<br \/>\ncitation de Kelly ci-dessus, le fait que<br \/>\nla preuve ait \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue ill\u00e9galement<br \/>\ndans une proc\u00e9dure criminelle ne<br \/>\nl\u2019emp\u00eache pas n\u00e9cessairement<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00eatre admise dans une audience<br \/>\ndisciplinaire.<\/p>\n<p>Notes en fin de texte<br \/>\n1  2020 ONCA 10<br \/>\n2 [1980] 2 RCS 555, pp. 566-567<br \/>\n3  Aga, parag. 40, 41<br \/>\n4  Aga, parag. 43, 45<br \/>\n5  2019 CSON 946, demande d\u2019autorisation <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019appel \u00e0 la CSC rejet\u00e9e 2020-02-06<br \/>\n6  2009 CSC 32<\/p>\n<p>Le pr\u00e9sent article a pour but de susciter les discussions<br \/>\net d\u2019indiquer aux professionnels certaines difficult\u00e9s<br \/>\nque posent la loi et la pratique de l\u2019\u00e9valuation. Il ne doit<br \/>\npas servir d\u2019avis juridique. Toute question soulev\u00e9e par<br \/>\ndes circonstances particuli\u00e8res devrait \u00eatre adress\u00e9e<br \/>\n\u00e0 des juristes et des \u00e9valuateurs qualifi\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 47<\/p>\n<p>Visit www.aicanada.ca | En savoir plus www.aicanada.ca\/fr<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation and Advisory Services Team<\/p>\n<p>At CBRE, you have the ability to take charge of your career and enjoy an inclusive, collaborative<br \/>\nenvironment. Work on an industry-leading team that provides unmatched client services<br \/>\nby leveraging best in class research, technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti, AACI, MRICS<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\npaul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\n+1 416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Make your own path with a team<br \/>\nthat believes in you<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant disponible<\/p>\n<p>Versions pour<br \/>\nles appareils<br \/>\nmobiles, iPad <\/p>\n<p>et iPhone<br \/>\nincluses.<\/p>\n<p>Interactive Edition<br \/>\n      available online<\/p>\n<p>Mobile,<br \/>\n iPad, iPhone <\/p>\n<p>versions<br \/>\nincluded!<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"C5kWV53YtD\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=GiBotvpYUY#?secret=C5kWV53YtD\" data-secret=\"C5kWV53YtD\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr<br \/>\nmailto:paul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Changes to the<br \/>\nProfessional Practice Seminar<br \/>\nbeginning in 2020 <\/p>\n<p>T he Canadian Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (CUSPAP) underpins our contract with the public and the valuation industry by ensuring that our Members provide<br \/>\nthe highest standards of client service and public protection.<br \/>\nTo provide further assurances that our Members are the<br \/>\nbest trained, most up to date providers of valuation services<br \/>\nin Canada; the Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC) Board of<br \/>\nDirectors has implemented changes to the 2020-2021 CPD\/<br \/>\nPPS program effective January 1, 2020:  <\/p>\n<p>1. As of January 1, 2020, AIC Members will be required<br \/>\nto complete the PPS within 12 months of availability.<br \/>\nThis means that:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 When the 2020 PPS becomes available, Members<br \/>\nwill have 12 months from that date to complete the<br \/>\nPPS either online or in a classroom session.<\/p>\n<p>This is intended to minimize the amount of time that<br \/>\nelapses between the implementation of the newest<br \/>\nversion of CUSPAP and Members commencing to work<br \/>\nbased on that standard. Understanding the requirements<br \/>\nof CUSPAP 2020 nearer the beginning of a CPD cycle will<br \/>\nincrease the likelihood that Members will be completing<br \/>\nwork that complies with the current version of CUSPAP.<\/p>\n<p>2. 2020 PPS will be offered in an online, on-demand<br \/>\nformat. Classroom sessions will still be available in<br \/>\nparticipating provinces. This means that:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Members will be able to register and complete<br \/>\nthe 2020 PPS online via the University of British<br \/>\nColumbia (UBC) learning platform.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Members can complete the 2020 PPS at their own<br \/>\npace and at a time that suits their schedule.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The webinar version of the PPS is discontinued.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Classroom sessions may be available in your province.<br \/>\nYour provincial association will be able to advise on<br \/>\ntheir plans for scheduling of classroom sessions in<br \/>\nyour province.<\/p>\n<p>These changes are intended to:<br \/>\n\u2022 improve our Members\u2019 ability to complete CUSPAP-<\/p>\n<p>compliant work as quickly as possible after the launch<br \/>\nof CUSPAP 2020, and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 provide a consistent learning experience on a platform<br \/>\nthat is flexible and convenient for AIC Members.<\/p>\n<p>Taking the 2020 PPS online &#8211; It\u2019s as easy as 1-2-3:<\/p>\n<p>Registration will be through the same platform as CPD courses<br \/>\noffered by UBC. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 If you want UBC to automatically post your PPS CPD credits,<br \/>\nyou will have to tick the box to allow UBC to share your<br \/>\nrecord with the AIC.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 You will have access to the PPS for 12 months after you<br \/>\nenroll, however, you must complete the 2020 PPS by the<br \/>\n12-month from availability deadline.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 If the 12 months from availability deadline comes first \u2013<br \/>\nit is the deadline that takes precedence.<\/p>\n<p>1  Register with UBC<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 48 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>The 2020 PPS consists of four modules:<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 1: Changes to CUSPAP<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 2: Insurance<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 3: Professional Practice<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 4: AIC Policies<\/p>\n<p>Each module consists of an approximately 90-minute taped<br \/>\npresentation followed by a 10 multiple-choice question quiz. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 You will be given 60 minutes to complete the quiz.<br \/>\n\u2022 A passing grade is 60%.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Each quiz can be re-taken if needed. UBC manages<br \/>\nre-takes. Instructions regarding re-takes are<br \/>\nprovided by UBC.<\/p>\n<p>You can fit the 2020 PPS into your schedule:<br \/>\n\u2022 The modules can be watched in any order \u2013<\/p>\n<p>when and where you want.<br \/>\n\u2022 You will no longer have to take a full day off work to<\/p>\n<p>complete the PPS.<\/p>\n<p>CPD credits for the PPS can only be posted by AIC National.<br \/>\nIf you want to have your credits for the 2020 PPS posted <\/p>\n<p>automatically, tick the box to allow UBC to share your 2020 PPS<br \/>\nresults with AIC National when you register with UBC.<\/p>\n<p>If you do not want UBC to share your results automatically with<br \/>\nAIC National, do not tick the box to allow UBC to share your 2020<br \/>\nPPS results. You will have to contact AIC National by email to have<br \/>\nthem post your credits for you.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 You will need to email your copy of UBC\u2019s official confirmation<br \/>\nof successful completion of the PPS to AIC National.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Once this is received, AIC National will be able to post<br \/>\nyour credits.<\/p>\n<p>2 Watch the modules          when you want 3<br \/>\nHave your CPD credits <\/p>\n<p>         posted automatically<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 49Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Modifications au<br \/>\nS\u00e9minaire de pratique<br \/>\nprofessionnelle en 2020<\/p>\n<p>L es NUPPEC \u00e9tayent notre contrat avec le public et avec l\u2019industrie de l\u2019\u00e9valuation en assurant que nos membres respectent les plus hautes normes de service \u00e0 la client\u00e8le et de protection du public.<br \/>\nPour garantir encore davantage que nos membres soient les<br \/>\nfournisseurs de services d\u2019\u00e9valuation les mieux form\u00e9s et<br \/>\nposs\u00e9dant les connaissances les plus r\u00e9centes au Canada, le<br \/>\nConseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019ICE a apport\u00e9 les changements<br \/>\nsuivants au programme PPC\/SPP 2020-2021, en vigueur le 1er<br \/>\njanvier 2020 :<\/p>\n<p>1. \u00c0 compter du 1er janvier 2020, les membres de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\ndevront compl\u00e9ter le SPP dans les 12 mois de sa<br \/>\ndisponibilit\u00e9. Cela signifie que :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Lorsque le SPP 2020 devient disponible, les membres<br \/>\nont 12 mois \u00e0 partir de cette date pour le compl\u00e9ter,<br \/>\nsoit en ligne ou soit en classe.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est afin de r\u00e9duire le temps qui s\u2019\u00e9coule entre la mise en<br \/>\n\u0153uvre de la plus r\u00e9cente version des NUPPEC et le moment<br \/>\no\u00f9 les membres commencent \u00e0 travailler avec ces Normes.<br \/>\nS\u2019ils comprennent les exigences des NUPPEC 2020 plus<br \/>\npr\u00e8s du d\u00e9but d\u2019un cycle de PPC, les membres seront<br \/>\nplus susceptibles de travailler conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la version<br \/>\nactuelle des NUPPEC.<\/p>\n<p>2. Le SPP 2020 sera offert dans un format en ligne,<br \/>\nsur demande. Le cours en salle de classe sera<br \/>\ntoujours disponible dans les provinces participantes.<br \/>\nCela signifie que :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les membres pourront s\u2019inscrire et suivre le SPP<br \/>\n2020 en ligne, sur la plate-forme d\u2019apprentissage de<br \/>\nl\u2019U.C.-B.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les membres peuvent suivre le SPP 2020 \u00e0 leur propre<br \/>\nrythme, \u00e0 des moments qui conviennent \u00e0 leur horaire.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La version webinaire du SPP est discontinu\u00e9e.<br \/>\n\u2022 Le cours en salle de classe peut \u00eatre disponible dans votre<\/p>\n<p>province. Votre association provinciale pourra vous informer<br \/>\nde ses intentions d\u2019enseigner le s\u00e9minaire en classe dans<br \/>\nvotre province.<\/p>\n<p>Ces modifications ont pour but :<br \/>\n\u2022 d\u2019accro\u00eetre la capacit\u00e9 de nos membres de produire des<\/p>\n<p>travaux conformes aux NUPPEC aussi vite que possible<br \/>\napr\u00e8s l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur des NUPPEC 2020;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 de fournir une exp\u00e9rience d\u2019apprentissage coh\u00e9rente sur<br \/>\nune plate-forme flexible et pratique pour les membres<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Suivre le SPP 2020 en ligne &#8211; C\u2019est simple comme bonjour :<\/p>\n<p>1  Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 l\u2019U.C.-B.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019inscription sera fait sur la m\u00eame plate-forme de l\u2019U.C.-B. offrant<br \/>\nles cours de PPC. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Si vous d\u00e9sirez que l\u2019U.C.-B. affiche automatiquement<br \/>\nvos cr\u00e9dits SPP et PPC, vous devrez de cocher la case<br \/>\npermettant \u00e0 l\u2019U.C.-B. de partager votre dossier avec l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Vous pourrez acc\u00e9der au SPP durant les 12 mois suivant votre<br \/>\ninscription; toutefois, vous devez compl\u00e9ter le SPP 2020 dans<br \/>\nles 12 mois de sa date de disponibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Si l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de 12 mois suivant la disponibilit\u00e9 vient<br \/>\nen premier, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance \u00e0 respecter<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 50 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PARLONS PRATIQUE PROFESSIONNELLE<\/p>\n<p>Le SPP 2020 contient quatre modules :<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 1 : Modifications aux NUPPEC<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 2 : Assurance<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 3 : Pratique professionnelle<br \/>\n\u2022 Module 4 : Politiques de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Chaque module consiste en une pr\u00e9sentation enregistr\u00e9e<br \/>\nd\u2019environ 90 minutes, suivie d\u2019un quiz de 10 questions \u00e0<br \/>\nchoix multiples.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 vous aurez 60 minutes pour r\u00e9pondre au quiz<br \/>\n\u2022 la note de passage est de 60 %<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 vous pouvez reprendre le quiz, si n\u00e9cessaire.<br \/>\nL\u2019U.C.-B. administre les reprises et donne les<br \/>\ninstructions \u00e0 ce sujet.<\/p>\n<p>Vous pouvez adapter le SPP 2020 \u00e0 votre horaire :<br \/>\n\u2022 Vous pouvez regarder les modules dans l\u2019ordre de votre<\/p>\n<p>choix, quand et o\u00f9 vous voulez.<br \/>\n\u2022 Vous n\u2019aurez plus \u00e0 prendre toute une journ\u00e9e de cong\u00e9 pour<\/p>\n<p>suivre le SPP.<\/p>\n<p>Les cr\u00e9dits de PPC pour le SPP peuvent \u00eatre affich\u00e9s seulement<br \/>\npar le bureau national de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous souhaitez que vos cr\u00e9dits du SPP 2020 s\u2019affichent<br \/>\nautomatiquement, cochez la case pour permettre \u00e0 l\u2019U.C.-B. de<br \/>\npartager vos r\u00e9sultats du SPP 2020 avec le bureau national de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE quand vous vous inscrivez \u00e0 l\u2019U.C.-B.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous ne voulez pas que l\u2019U.C.-B. partage vos r\u00e9sultats<br \/>\nautomatiquement avec le bureau national de l\u2019ICE, ne cochez<br \/>\npas la case permettant \u00e0 l\u2019U.C.-B. de partager vos r\u00e9sultats du<br \/>\nSPP 2020. Vous devrez contacter le bureau national de l\u2019ICE par<br \/>\ncourriel pour qu\u2019il affiche vos cr\u00e9dits pour vous.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Vous devrez envoyer au bureau national de l\u2019ICE par courriel<br \/>\nvotre copie de la confirmation officielle de l\u2019U.C.-B. \u00e0 l\u2019effet<br \/>\nque vous avez r\u00e9ussi le SPP.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Une fois qu\u2019il aura re\u00e7u cette confirmation, le bureau national<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE pourra afficher vos cr\u00e9dits.<\/p>\n<p>2 Regardez les modules   quand \u00e7a vous convient 3<br \/>\nFaites afficher vos cr\u00e9dits  <\/p>\n<p> de PPC automatiquement<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 51Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Admissions and Accreditation Committee (AAC), at the Board\u2019s direction, has developed a mandatory<br \/>\ntraining course for co-signers to support them<br \/>\nin the challenging and pivotal role of mentor and<br \/>\nguide to the next generation of AIC appraisers. <\/p>\n<p>The course is available on demand, online<br \/>\nthrough the University of British Columbia<br \/>\n(UBC) learning platform. Any existing co-<br \/>\nsigner has until March 1, 2021 or until adding<br \/>\na new Candidate, whichever comes first. AIC<br \/>\nMembers are Canada\u2019s appraisers of choice.<br \/>\nAIC continually works with the membership to<br \/>\nensure that our position as the trusted leaders<br \/>\nin the valuation industry is not only maintained,<br \/>\nbut enhanced. <\/p>\n<p>The AAC has spent years evaluating the<br \/>\nApplied Experience Program and, in doing so,<br \/>\nhas identified gaps in the co-signing program.<br \/>\nThe need for a robust policy and training to<br \/>\nhelp our co-signing Members develop qualified<br \/>\nappraisers is clear. <\/p>\n<p>AAC, AIC and the Board of Directors know<br \/>\nthat the majority of Members who co-sign<br \/>\nfor Candidates are conscientious guides and<br \/>\nmentors. However, over the years, some<br \/>\nshortcomings in the program have been<br \/>\nrevealed. Since implementing Work Product<br \/>\nReview into the Path to Designation, AIC has<br \/>\nbeen able to examine a Candidate\u2019s end work<br \/>\nproduct that goes to their clients. <\/p>\n<p>Co-signing and the Canadian  <\/p>\n<p>Uniform Standards of Professional <\/p>\n<p>Appraisal Practice (CUSPAP)<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP now specifies an ethical<br \/>\nrequirement for supervision when co-signing:<br \/>\n\u201dA Member acting as a Co-signer must<br \/>\nprovide the Member seeking designation with<br \/>\nadequate and reasonable supervision and<br \/>\nadvisory services.\u201d CUSPAP states that it is<br \/>\nunethical for:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 An AIC Member to sign or co-<br \/>\nsign a report without accepting<br \/>\nresponsibility for the contents of the<br \/>\nentire report, unless the Member<br \/>\nclearly indicates the portion(s) of the<br \/>\nreport for which they do and do not<br \/>\naccept responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC Candidate Members to sign any<br \/>\nreport unless the report is co-signed<br \/>\nby an appropriately designated and<br \/>\ninsured Member with whom they are<br \/>\nproperly registered in the Candidate<br \/>\nCo-Signing Registry.<\/p>\n<p>Co-signing and the AIC Professional <\/p>\n<p>Liability Insurance Program<\/p>\n<p>Members are required to be designated and<br \/>\nproperly qualified and competent to sign or<br \/>\nco-sign a report. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Reports prepared by a Candidate require<br \/>\nthe co-signature of a CRA or an AACI<br \/>\nDesignated Member as appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Both the signer and the co-signer must<br \/>\nhave proper insurance in place at the time:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7 the report was completed, and<br \/>\n\u00a7 the claim is made.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa A Designated Member would have no<br \/>\ninsurance coverage if they co-sign a<br \/>\nreport prepared by:<br \/>\n\u00a7 An uninsured Designated<\/p>\n<p>Member,<br \/>\n\u00a7 A Candidate who is not properly<\/p>\n<p>registered in the Candidate<br \/>\nCo-signing Registry, or<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7 appraisers who are not<br \/>\nMembers of the AIC.<\/p>\n<p>Co-signers and their Candidates must be<br \/>\nfamiliar with the:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Candidate Co-signing Policy,<\/p>\n<p>Co-signing \u2013<br \/>\nThe backbone of AIC future<\/p>\n<p>Is this new?<\/p>\n<p>NO! The responsibilities of co-<br \/>\nsigners have always been clearly<br \/>\noutlined in CUSPAP. To clarify<br \/>\nand reinforce the requirements in<br \/>\nCUSPAP, the AIC Board of Directors<br \/>\napproved a Candidate Co-signing<br \/>\nPolicy developed by the AAC that is<br \/>\neffective as of March 1, 2020. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Co-Signing Register,<br \/>\n\u2022 Candidate Look-up Tool.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 52 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EDUCATION<\/p>\n<p>Candidate Co-signing Policy \u2013  <\/p>\n<p>key points<\/p>\n<p>The Candidate Co-Signing Policy has<br \/>\ntwo objectives:<\/p>\n<p>1. To ensure that Candidate Members\u2019<br \/>\nreports meet the requirements of<br \/>\nCUSPAP; and<\/p>\n<p>2. To ensure that a Co-Signing<br \/>\nrelationship provides a Candidate<br \/>\nMember with appropriate supervision<br \/>\nand an effective learning environment<br \/>\nto support their successful<br \/>\nachievement of an AIC designation.<\/p>\n<p>Co-signer responsibilities <\/p>\n<p>It is the co-signer\u2019s responsibility to:<br \/>\n\u2022 ensure that they and the Candidate are<\/p>\n<p>properly registered in the AIC Candidate<br \/>\nCo-signing Registry;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 complete any required co-signing<br \/>\ncourse(s):<br \/>\n\u00fa prior to registration for new<\/p>\n<p>Candidates, or<br \/>\n\u00fa within 12 months of the effective<\/p>\n<p>date of this policy document for<br \/>\npre-registered Candidates.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 let the Candidate know if their<br \/>\nmembership status has changed<br \/>\n(i.e., suspension of membership<br \/>\nand\/or designation);<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 have the competence \u2013 including<br \/>\ngeographic \u2013 to co-sign reports for the<br \/>\nCandidate;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 assume responsibility for the report;<br \/>\n\u2022 ensure that all reports comply with<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP by:<br \/>\n\u00fa verifying that the Candidate has the<\/p>\n<p>necessary competence;<br \/>\n\u00fa confirming that all reports indicate<\/p>\n<p>any Professional Assistance the<br \/>\nCandidate provided in production of<br \/>\nthe report;<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa specifying any deficiencies in the<br \/>\nreport and ensuring the Candidate<br \/>\naddresses them satisfactorily before<br \/>\nproviding a co-signature; and<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa confirming that the Candidate<br \/>\naccepts and understands the reasons<br \/>\nfor, any changes made to the report<br \/>\nbefore it is delivered to a client.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa A co-signer is not required to<br \/>\nperform every task of an assignment<br \/>\nsuch as inspection, costing,<br \/>\ndepreciation, analysis, etc. However,<br \/>\nthe co-signer must oversee and<br \/>\nprovide guidance to the Candidate<br \/>\nas they undertake these tasks.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 supervise, instruct, guide, and advise<br \/>\nthe Candidate and:<br \/>\n\u00fa accompany the Candidate:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7 on a minimum of ten<br \/>\nproperty inspections until the<br \/>\nCandidate gains the necessary<br \/>\ncompetence to conduct<br \/>\nunsupervised inspections for a<br \/>\ngiven property type;<\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 on the inspection of any<br \/>\nsubsequent property type the<br \/>\nCandidate is unfamiliar with<br \/>\nuntil the Candidate gains<br \/>\nthe necessary competence<br \/>\nto conduct unsupervised<br \/>\ninspections for that<br \/>\nproperty type; <\/p>\n<p>\u00fa A Co-signer does not necessarily<br \/>\nhave to inspect the subject<br \/>\nproperty. However, the report<br \/>\nmust indicate that the property<br \/>\nwas not inspected by the<br \/>\nCo-signer and indicate that<br \/>\nthe Candidate inspected the<br \/>\nproperty in the Certification.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 confirm that the Candidate clearly<br \/>\nunderstands:<br \/>\n\u00fa the purpose and intended<\/p>\n<p>use of an assignment;<br \/>\n\u00fa the scope of the work required<\/p>\n<p>for an assignment;<br \/>\n\u00fa any problems, constraints, or<\/p>\n<p>issues arising in the circumstances<br \/>\nfor an assignment;<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa the legislative (federal, provincial<br \/>\nand\/or municipal) requirements<br \/>\nor limitations that can influence<br \/>\nan assignment; and<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa valuation and inspection best<br \/>\npractices including proper<br \/>\nnote taking, measurement<br \/>\npractices, and requirements<br \/>\nfor consent for photos.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 work with the Candidate towards<br \/>\nachieving success as a competent and<br \/>\nethical valuation professional by:<br \/>\n\u00fa providing instruction on the<\/p>\n<p>First Principles of Value and the<br \/>\ndevelopment and application of<br \/>\nprofessional competencies;<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa highlighting areas of weakness in<br \/>\nthe Candidate\u2019s report writing and<br \/>\nhelping the Candidate work towards<br \/>\nimprovement; and<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa offering support to the Candidate<br \/>\nincluding reviewing the Candidate\u2019s<br \/>\nApplied Experience Progress<br \/>\nReport record.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 maintain a respectful and productive<br \/>\nworking relationship with the Candidate;<br \/>\nand<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 provide a professional, harassment-free,<br \/>\nand safe learning environment.<\/p>\n<p>Candidate responsibilities<\/p>\n<p>It is the Candidate\u2019s responsibility to:<br \/>\n\u2022 ensure the accuracy of their information;<br \/>\n\u2022 ensure that they and their co-signer<\/p>\n<p>are properly registered in the Candidate<br \/>\nCo-signing Registry;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 let their co-signer(s) know of any<br \/>\nchanges to their membership status<br \/>\n(e.g.: suspension of membership<br \/>\nand\/or designation);<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 take responsibility for the reports<br \/>\nthey write &#8211; subject to any limitations<br \/>\nto responsibility that are specified in<br \/>\nthe certification;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 complete all of their work in compliance<br \/>\nwith CUSPAP and any other professional<br \/>\nstandards that may be applicable;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 satisfactorily address all necessary<br \/>\ncorrections specified by their co-signer<br \/>\nin their reports;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 receive and address the guidance and<br \/>\nadvice from their co-signer respectfully<br \/>\nand in good faith;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 maintain a respectful and productive<br \/>\nworking relationship with their<br \/>\nco-signer, and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 contribute to a professional,<br \/>\nharassment-free, and safe learning<br \/>\nenvironment.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 53Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L e Comit\u00e9 des admissions et de l\u2019accr\u00e9ditation (CAA) de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs, sur instruction du Conseil, a<br \/>\nd\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un cours de formation obligatoire<br \/>\npour les cosignataires, afin de les appuyer<br \/>\ndans les r\u00f4les exigeants et essentiels<br \/>\nde mentor et guide pour la prochaine<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9valuateurs de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Le cours est disponible sur<br \/>\ndemande, en ligne, sur la plate-forme<br \/>\nd\u2019apprentissage de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique (U.C.-B.). Les<br \/>\ncosignataires actuels ont jusqu\u2019au 1er<br \/>\nmars 2021 ou jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019ils ajoutent<br \/>\nun nouveau stagiaire, le premier des<br \/>\ndeux pr\u00e9valant. Les membres de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nsont les \u00e9valuateurs de choix au Canada.<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE travaille continuellement avec<br \/>\nses membres pour assurer que notre<br \/>\nposition comme leaders de confiance<br \/>\ndans l\u2019industrie de l\u2019\u00e9valuation soit non<br \/>\nseulement maintenue, mais am\u00e9lior\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Le CAA \u00e9value depuis des ann\u00e9es le<br \/>\nProgramme d\u2019exp\u00e9rience pratique et,<br \/>\nce faisant, a relev\u00e9 des lacunes dans le<br \/>\nprogramme de cosignature. Le besoin<br \/>\nd\u2019une politique robuste et d\u2019une bonne<br \/>\nformation pour aider nos membres<br \/>\ncosignataires \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nqualifi\u00e9s est on ne peut plus clair.<\/p>\n<p>Le CAA, l\u2019ICE et le Conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration savent que la majorit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes membres qui cosignent pour les<br \/>\nstagiaires sont des guides et des mentors<br \/>\nconsciencieux. Toutefois, au fil des ans,<br \/>\non a d\u00e9cel\u00e9 certaines faiblesses dans <\/p>\n<p>le programme. Depuis l\u2019instauration de<br \/>\nl\u2019examen du produit du travail dans la voie<br \/>\nmenant \u00e0 la d\u00e9signation, l\u2019ICE a \u00e9t\u00e9 en<br \/>\nmesure d\u2019examiner le produit du travail<br \/>\nfinal que rend un stagiaire \u00e0 ses clients.<\/p>\n<p>La cosignature et les Normes uniformes <\/p>\n<p>de pratique professionnelle en mati\u00e8re <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada (NUPPEC)<br \/>\nLes NUPPEC prescrivent maintenant une<br \/>\nexigence \u00e9thique pour la supervision lors<br \/>\nde la cosignature : \u00ab Un membre agissant<br \/>\n\u00e0 titre de cosignataire doit fournir au<br \/>\nmembre qui demande la d\u00e9signation une<br \/>\nsupervision ad\u00e9quate et raisonnable et<br \/>\ndes services consultatifs. \u00bb Les NUPPEC<br \/>\nd\u00e9clarent qu\u2019il est contraire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Pour un membre de l\u2019ICE de signer<br \/>\nou cosigner un rapport sans accepter<br \/>\nla responsabilit\u00e9 pour le contenu<br \/>\ndu rapport entier, \u00e0 moins que le<br \/>\nmembre n\u2019indique clairement la(les)<br \/>\nportion(s) du rapport dont il accepte<br \/>\nou non la responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Pour les membres stagiaires de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nde signer un rapport \u00e0 moins que<br \/>\ncelui-ci ne soit cosign\u00e9 par un membre<br \/>\nd\u00fbment d\u00e9sign\u00e9 et assur\u00e9, avec qui il<br \/>\nest d\u00fbment inscrit dans le Registre de<br \/>\ncosignature des stagiaires.<\/p>\n<p>La cosignature et le Programme <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019assurance-responsabilit\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>professionnelle de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Les membres doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9s et<br \/>\nad\u00e9quatement qualifi\u00e9s et comp\u00e9tents<br \/>\npour signer ou cosigner un rapport.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les rapports r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par un stagiaire<br \/>\nrequi\u00e8rent la signature d\u2019un membre<br \/>\nd\u00e9sign\u00e9 CRA ou AACI, selon le cas.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le signataire aussi bien que le<br \/>\ncosignataire doivent \u00eatre couverts<br \/>\npar une assurance appropri\u00e9e au<br \/>\nmoment o\u00f9 :<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7 le rapport est compl\u00e9t\u00e9, et<br \/>\n\u00a7 la r\u00e9clamation est faite.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fa Un membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 n\u2019aurait pas de<br \/>\ncouverture d\u2019assurance s\u2019il cosignait<br \/>\nun rapport r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :<br \/>\n\u00a7 Un membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 non assur\u00e9,<br \/>\n\u00a7 Un stagiaire qui n\u2019est pas d\u00fbment<\/p>\n<p>inscrit dans le Registre de<br \/>\ncosignature des stagiaires, ou<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7 Des \u00e9valuateurs qui ne sont pas<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Les cosignataires et leurs stagiaires doivent<br \/>\n\u00eatre familiers avec :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La Politique de cosignature des stagiaires,<\/p>\n<p>La cosignature \u2013<br \/>\nPilier de l\u2019avenir de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Est-ce nouveau ?<\/p>\n<p>NON ! Les responsabilit\u00e9s des<br \/>\ncosignataires ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement<br \/>\nd\u00e9crites dans les NUPPEC. Pour pr\u00e9ciser<br \/>\net renforcer les exigences dans les<br \/>\nNUPPEC, le Conseil d\u2019administration<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE a approuv\u00e9 une Politique de<br \/>\ncosignature des stagiaires, pr\u00e9par\u00e9e<br \/>\npar le CAA et entrant en vigueur le<br \/>\n1er mars 2020.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le Registre de cosignature,<br \/>\n\u2022 Outil de recherche des stagiaires.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 54 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9DUCATION<\/p>\n<p>La Politique de cosignature <\/p>\n<p>des stagiaires \u2013 points cl\u00e9s<\/p>\n<p>La Politique de cosignature des stagiaires a<br \/>\ndeux objectifs :<\/p>\n<p>1. Assurer que les rapports des membres<br \/>\nstagiaires respectent les exigences des<br \/>\nNUPPEC; et <\/p>\n<p>2. Assurer qu\u2019une relation de cosignature<br \/>\nfournisse au membre stagiaire une<br \/>\nsupervision appropri\u00e9e et un milieu<br \/>\nd\u2019apprentissage efficace pour l\u2019aider<br \/>\n\u00e0 obtenir une d\u00e9signation de l\u2019ICE.<\/p>\n<p>Les responsabilit\u00e9s du cosignataire<\/p>\n<p>Il incombe au cosignataire de :<br \/>\n\u2022 s\u2019assurer que lui et le stagiaire soient <\/p>\n<p>d\u00fbment inscrits dans le Registre de<br \/>\ncosignature des stagiaires de l\u2019ICE;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 suivre le ou les cours de<br \/>\ncosignature requis :<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa avant l\u2019inspection des nouveaux<br \/>\nstagiaires, ou <\/p>\n<p> \u00fa dans les 12 mois de la date r\u00e9elle de<br \/>\nce document de politique pour les<br \/>\nstagiaires pr\u00e9inscrits.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 faire savoir au stagiaire si son statut de<br \/>\nmembre a chang\u00e9 (c.-\u00e0-d. suspension de<br \/>\nl\u2019adh\u00e9sion et\/ou de la d\u00e9signation);<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 poss\u00e9der la comp\u00e9tence, y compris<br \/>\ng\u00e9ographique, pour cosigner les rapports<br \/>\ndu stagiaire;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 assumer la responsabilit\u00e9 du rapport;<br \/>\n\u2022 s\u2019assurer que tous les rapports sont <\/p>\n<p>conformes aux NUPPEC, en :<br \/>\n \u00fa v\u00e9rifiant si le stagiaire poss\u00e8de la <\/p>\n<p>comp\u00e9tence n\u00e9cessaire;<br \/>\n \u00fa confirmant que tous les rapports <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9crivent l\u2019aide professionnelle que<br \/>\nle stagiaire peut avoir fourni dans la<br \/>\nproduction du rapport;<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa pr\u00e9cisant les d\u00e9ficiences du rapport<br \/>\net en s\u2019assurant que le stagiaire les<br \/>\ncorrige de fa\u00e7on satisfaisante avant<br \/>\nd\u2019apposer sa cosignature; et<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa confirmant que le stagiaire accepte<br \/>\net comprend les raisons des<br \/>\nmodifications apport\u00e9es au rapport<br \/>\navant qu\u2019il ne soit remis au client.<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa un cosignataire n\u2019est pas tenu<br \/>\nd\u2019effectuer toutes les t\u00e2ches <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019un contrat de service comme<br \/>\nl\u2019inspection, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des<br \/>\nco\u00fbts, la d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation, l\u2019analyse,<br \/>\netc. Cependant, le cosignataire doit<br \/>\nsuperviser et guider le stagiaire dans<br \/>\nl\u2019accomplissement de ces t\u00e2ches.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 superviser, instruire, guider et conseiller<br \/>\nle stagiaire et :<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa accompagner le stagiaire :<br \/>\n \u00a7 dans au moins 10 inspections <\/p>\n<p>de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce<br \/>\nque le stagiaire poss\u00e8de la<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tence n\u00e9cessaire pour<br \/>\nfaire des inspections non<br \/>\nsupervis\u00e9es pour un type<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 de propri\u00e9t\u00e9; <\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 dans l\u2019inspection de tout type<br \/>\nde propri\u00e9t\u00e9 subs\u00e9quent<br \/>\navec lequel le stagiaire n\u2019est<br \/>\npas familier, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il<br \/>\nposs\u00e8de la comp\u00e9tence<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessaire pour faire des<br \/>\ninspections non supervis\u00e9es<br \/>\npour ce type de propri\u00e9t\u00e9;<\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 un cosignataire ne doit pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessairement inspecter<br \/>\nla propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e. Mais, le<br \/>\nrapport doit indiquer qu\u2019elle<br \/>\nn\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 inspect\u00e9e par le<br \/>\ncosignataire et pr\u00e9ciser dans la<br \/>\ncertification que le stagiaire a<br \/>\nfait l\u2019inspection.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 confirmer que le stagiaire<br \/>\ncomprend clairement :<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa le but et l\u2019utilisation pr\u00e9vue d\u2019un<br \/>\ncontrat de service;<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa l\u2019envergure des travaux requis pour<br \/>\nun contrat de service; <\/p>\n<p> \u00fa les probl\u00e8mes, contraintes ou enjeux<br \/>\npr\u00e9sents dans un contrat de service;<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa les exigences ou limites l\u00e9gislatives<br \/>\n(f\u00e9d\u00e9rales, provinciales et\/ou<br \/>\nmunicipales) qui peuvent influer sur<br \/>\nun contrat de service; et<\/p>\n<p> \u00fa les pratiques exemplaires<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation et d\u2019inspection, incluant<br \/>\nla bonne prise de notes, les pratiques<br \/>\nde mesurage et les exigences visant<br \/>\nl\u2019obtention du consentement pour<br \/>\nprendre des photographies.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 travailler avec le stagiaire pour qu\u2019il r\u00e9ussisse<br \/>\n\u00e0 devenir un \u00e9valuateur professionnel<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tent et respectueux de l\u2019\u00e9thique, en :<\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 donnant des instructions sur<br \/>\nles premiers principes de la<br \/>\nvaleur et sur le d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\net l\u2019application des comp\u00e9tences<br \/>\nprofessionnelles;<\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 soulignant les points faibles de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9criture du stagiaire dans son<br \/>\nrapport, et en l\u2019aidant \u00e0 s\u2019am\u00e9liorer<br \/>\ndans ce domaine;<\/p>\n<p> \u00a7 apportant du soutien au stagiaire,<br \/>\nincluant l\u2019examen de son dossier<br \/>\npour le Rapport d\u2019avancement de<br \/>\nl\u2019exp\u00e9rience pratique.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 cultiver une relation de travail respectueuse<br \/>\net productive avec le stagiaire; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 fournir un milieu d\u2019apprentissage<br \/>\nprofessionnel, exempt de harc\u00e8lement<br \/>\net s\u00e9curitaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les responsabilit\u00e9s du stagiaire<\/p>\n<p>Il incombe au stagiaire de :<br \/>\n\u2022 garantir l\u2019exactitude de son information;<br \/>\n\u2022 s\u2019assurer que lui et son cosignataire sont <\/p>\n<p>d\u00fbment inscrits au Registre de cosignature<br \/>\ndes stagiaires;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 faire savoir au(x) cosignataire(s) si son statut<br \/>\nde membre a chang\u00e9 (c.-\u00e0-d. suspension<br \/>\nde l\u2019adh\u00e9sion et\/ou de la d\u00e9signation);<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 assumer la responsabilit\u00e9 des rapports<br \/>\nqu\u2019il r\u00e9dige, sous r\u00e9serve des limites<br \/>\nde responsabilit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9es dans la<br \/>\ncertification;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 faire tout son travail conform\u00e9ment<br \/>\naux NUPPEC et \u00e0 toute autre norme<br \/>\nprofessionnelle qui peut s\u2019appliquer;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 apporter de mani\u00e8re satisfaisante toutes<br \/>\nles corrections n\u00e9cessaires signal\u00e9es par<br \/>\nson cosignataire dans ses rapports;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 recevoir et suivre l\u2019orientation et<br \/>\nles conseils de son cosignataire<br \/>\nrespectueusement et de bonne foi;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 cultiver une relation de travail<br \/>\nrespectueuse et productive avec<br \/>\nson cosignataire; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 contribuer \u00e0 un milieu d\u2019apprentissage<br \/>\nprofessionnel, exempt de harc\u00e8lement<br \/>\net s\u00e9curitaire.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 1 \/ Tome 1 | 2020 55Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Yes you! Any Member of AIC or member of the real estate community is encouraged to contribute to our AIC Exchange Blog. We invite<br \/>\nyou to share your industry experience with others.<\/p>\n<p>What is the Purpose of the Blog? The AIC blog serves as a vehicle to enhance understanding among the valuation community and the<br \/>\nlarger real estate industry. It\u2019s a place to present new ideas, challenge status quo, and encourage readers to think outside the box. It\u2019s a way<br \/>\nto get discussions going, advance the profession and educate the public.<\/p>\n<p>What can I write about? Any topic related to real estate, business or market trends is welcome. All articles are the<br \/>\nwriters\u2019 opinions; you will have editorial freedom to present any ideas and views that may be contrary to popular opinion but<br \/>\npresented in a respectable way. An editorial board reviews the content to ensure readability and appropriateness of content. <\/p>\n<p>What is in it for me? Once published, you can share your article with your clients, colleagues and friends to enhance their<br \/>\nunderstanding of what an appraiser does. It\u2019s a completely free and it will help you stand out from the crowd, get published<br \/>\nand build credibility. It will also help you increase your network, boost your business and advance your resume. <\/p>\n<p>How do I make a submission? Simply send an email to aicexchange@aicanada.ca with your name, telephone<br \/>\nnumber, blog topic and a brief synopsis or the full articles. Feel free to send us any questions you might have.<\/p>\n<p>The following AIC Members have passed<br \/>\naway. On behalf of everyone connected with<br \/>\nthe Institute and the profession, we extend<br \/>\nour sincerest sympathies to their families,<br \/>\nfriends and associates. <\/p>\n<p>Les membres suivants de l&rsquo;ICE sont<br \/>\nd\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Au nom de tous ceux qui oeuvrent<br \/>\nde pr\u00e8s ou de loin au sein de l\u2019Institut et<br \/>\nde la profession, nous exprimons nos plus<br \/>\nsinc\u00e8res condol\u00e9ances \u00e0 leurs familles,<br \/>\namis et associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Gilbert Benvenuti, AACI, P.App<\/p>\n<p>Niagara-On-Lake, ON<\/p>\n<p>Vincent Bogdanski, CRA, P.App <\/p>\n<p>London, ON<\/p>\n<p>Graham Downey, AACI, P.App <\/p>\n<p>Edmonton, AB<\/p>\n<p>Joseph Gombas, AACI, P.App <\/p>\n<p>Vancouver, BC<\/p>\n<p>Donald Horne, AACI, P. App., Fellow <\/p>\n<p>Dartmouth, NS<\/p>\n<p>Andy Pollock, CRA, P.App  <\/p>\n<p>Kelowna, BC<\/p>\n<p>Andr\u00e9 St-Arnaud, CRA, P.App <\/p>\n<p>Repentigny, QC<\/p>\n<p>William Schinkel, AACI, P.App <\/p>\n<p>Hamilton, ON<\/p>\n<p>Read the AIC Exchange at http:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/aic-blog\/<br \/>\nConsultez le blogue \u00c9change de l\u2019ICE sur http:\/\/\u00e9changeice.ca\/magazine-ice\/<\/p>\n<p>What? Me\u2026 a blogger?<\/p>\n<p>Moi? Un blogueur? S\u00e9rieux?<br \/>\nOui, oui, vous! Tous les membres de l\u2019ICE ou les intervenants du secteur de l\u2019immobilier<br \/>\npeuvent contribuer au blogue \u00c9change de l\u2019ICE. Nous vous invitons \u00e0 venir partager ici vos<br \/>\nexp\u00e9riences de l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 quoi sert ce blogue?Le blogue de l\u2019ICE est une courroie de transmission qui permet<br \/>\nd\u2019am\u00e9liorer les connaissances de la communaut\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs et de l\u2019industrie de l\u2019immobilier.<br \/>\nC\u2019est l\u2019endroit id\u00e9al pour pr\u00e9senter de nouvelles id\u00e9es, de mettre au d\u00e9fi les id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues et inciter<br \/>\nles lecteurs \u00e0 aller hors des sentiers battus. Ce m\u00e9dium permet \u00e0 la fois de lancer des discussions,<br \/>\nfaire avancer la profession et renseigner le public.<\/p>\n<p>Quels sujets puis-je aborder? Tout sujet qui touche l\u2019immobilier, les affaires ou les tendances du march\u00e9. Tous les<br \/>\narticles repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019opinion de celui ou celle qui l\u2019\u00e9crit; vous avez toute la libert\u00e9 \u00e9ditoriale n\u00e9cessaire pour pr\u00e9senter des<br \/>\nid\u00e9es et points de vue qui confrontent l\u2019opinion g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement accept\u00e9e, si bien s\u00fbr, vous les pr\u00e9sentez de mani\u00e8re respectueuse.<br \/>\nUn comit\u00e9 \u00e9ditorial r\u00e9vise les contenus pour s\u2019assurer de leur clart\u00e9 et de leur pertinence.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que \u00e7a m\u2019apporte? Lorsque vous \u00eates publi\u00e9s, vous pouvez partager vos articles avec vos clients, vos coll\u00e8gues et vos amis pour<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorer leur compr\u00e9hension de la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. C\u2019est totalement gratuit et c\u2019est une possibilit\u00e9 de vous d\u00e9marquer, d\u2019\u00eatre publi\u00e9 et de b\u00e2tir<br \/>\nvotre cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. Vous avez aussi la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tendre votre r\u00e9seau, de faire avancer vos affaires et de faire valoir votre exp\u00e9rience. <\/p>\n<p>Comment soumettre un article? Vous n\u2019avez qu\u2019\u00e0 envoyer un courriel \u00e0 aicexchange@aicanada.ca avec votre nom, votre num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, le sujet de votre<br \/>\narticle de blogue et un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de l\u2019article ou m\u00eame l\u2019article lui-m\u00eame. N\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous adresser vos questions.<\/p>\n<p>In Memoriam\/En memoire<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 56<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:aicexchange@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/aicexchange.ca\/aic-blog\/<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/\ufffdchangeice.ca\/magazine-ice\/<br \/>\nmailto:aicexchange@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>The Personal refers to The Personal Insurance Company. Certain conditions, limitations and exclu\u2011<br \/>\nsions may apply. Auto insurance is not available in MB, SK and BC due to government\u2011run plans.<\/p>\n<p>La Personnelle d\u00e9signe La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. Certaines conditions, exclusions<br \/>\net limitations peuvent s\u2019appliquer. L\u2019assurance auto n\u2019est pas offerte au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan<br \/>\nni en Colombie\u2011Britannique, o\u00f9 il existe des r\u00e9gimes d\u2019assurance gouvernementaux.<\/p>\n<p>Protect what<br \/>\nmatters, at<br \/>\nexclusive rates.<br \/>\nInsurance that<br \/>\nworks for you.<\/p>\n<p>Prot\u00e9gez ce qui<br \/>\ncompte, \u00e0 des<br \/>\ntarifs exclusifs.<br \/>\nL\u2019assurance pens\u00e9e<br \/>\npour vous. <\/p>\n<p>Le partenariat entre l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs et<br \/>\nLa Personnelle vous donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0<br \/>\ndes tarifs exclusifs, non offerts au<br \/>\ngrand public, pour vos assurances<br \/>\nauto et habitation. C\u2019est la force du<br \/>\ngroupe en action\u2009!<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s<br \/>\npartnership with The Personal gives<br \/>\nyou access to exclusive home and<br \/>\nauto insurance rates, not available<br \/>\nto the general public. That\u2019s group<br \/>\nbuying power at work.<\/p>\n<p>Demandez une soumission.<br \/>\nlapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<br \/>\n1 888 476-8737<\/p>\n<p>Get a quote today.<br \/>\nthepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\n1-888-476-8737<\/p>\n<p>200XXXX218_G0177_ANN-BRAND-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   1200XXXX218_G0177_ANN-BRAND-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   1 20-02-10   14:5120-02-10   14:51<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/thepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/lapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s successful real estate professional is committed to lifelong<br \/>\nlearning. UBC\u2019s\u00a0Continuing Professional Development Courses<br \/>\nmeet your needs. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Convenient online course format<br \/>\n\u2022  Broad range of valuation and real estate business topics<br \/>\n\u2022  Guaranteed Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Continuing<br \/>\n    Professional Development credits<\/p>\n<p>Recently updated courses:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0f0 CPD 101, Business Enterprise Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 103, Agricultural Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 104, Hotel Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 108, Seniors Housing<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, visit:<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\ntel:  604.822.2227 \/ 1.877.775.7733    <\/p>\n<p>email: cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Creative<br \/>\nAdaptable<br \/>\nAnalytical<\/p>\n<p>Canadian_App_Valuation.indd   1 2\/20\/2020   1:34:59 PM<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 58<\/p>\n<p>DESIGNATIONS CANDIDATES STUDENTS \/ D\u00c9SIGNATIONS STAGIAIRES \u00c9TUDIANTS<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC), together <\/p>\n<p>with the provincial associations and the provincial <\/p>\n<p>bodies affiliated with the AIC, commend the <\/p>\n<p>following Members who completed the rigorous <\/p>\n<p>requirements for accreditation as a Designated <\/p>\n<p>Member of the AIC during the period October 23, <\/p>\n<p>2019 to February 14, 2020:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE), en<br \/>\ncollaboration avec les associations provinciales<br \/>\net les organismes provinciaux affili\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ICE,<br \/>\nf\u00e9licitent les membres suivants qui ont compl\u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nle programme rigoureux d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation \u00e0 titre<br \/>\nde membre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE durant la p\u00e9riode<br \/>\ndu 23 octobre, 2019 au 14 fevrier, 2020 :<\/p>\n<p>AIC designations granted \/ D\u00e9signations obtenues de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>AIC welcomed the following new Candidate members during the <\/p>\n<p>period October 23, 2019 to February 14, 2020:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE souhaite la bienvenue aux personnes suivantes qui ont joint les rangs des<br \/>\nmembres stagiaires durant la p\u00e9riode du 23 octobre, 2019 au 14 fevrier, 2020 :<\/p>\n<p>AACI, P.App<br \/>\nAccredited Appraiser Canadian Institute<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \/ Stagiaires<\/p>\n<p>CRA, P.App<br \/>\nCanadian Residential Appraiser<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nZheng Liang Chan<br \/>\nRobert John Irwin<br \/>\nScott M. Strang<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nKerri Byers<br \/>\nJaclyn Chiu<br \/>\nTommy C. Cote<br \/>\nDarryl Machan<br \/>\nJayme Teare<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick \/<br \/>\nNouveau-Brunswick<br \/>\nRob Newman<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nDustin Wiebe<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nEleanor Chow<br \/>\nHeather A. Getz<br \/>\nBrad Schmitz<br \/>\nDanielle Sutherland<br \/>\nKristi Yzerman<br \/>\nWen Zhu<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick \/<br \/>\nNouveau-Brunswick<br \/>\nAllan Currie<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nRishi Bhalla<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nCarolina Guzman<br \/>\nChris Karniej<br \/>\nIgor Larin<br \/>\nLindsey Lippert<br \/>\nLuciano Rossetti<br \/>\nJordan Russell<br \/>\nBryan J. Sevelka<br \/>\nJennifer Skinn<br \/>\nAlexander Tyutyunnik<br \/>\nSam Van Houtte<br \/>\nIvan Vojinovic<br \/>\nMichael J. Wisz<br \/>\nAlex Zheng<\/p>\n<p>Suzanne Boudreau<br \/>\nDrew Butkovich<br \/>\nJames Cha<br \/>\nKulvir S. Gill<br \/>\nWei Lun Kao<br \/>\nDaejung Winston Kim<br \/>\nMartha Elaine Loewen<br \/>\nVanessa Mackenzie<br \/>\nEmily C. Murdock<br \/>\nColin Murray<br \/>\nBhaumikkumar Pandya<br \/>\nJacklin Park<br \/>\nAshvin Patel<br \/>\nNirmit Srivastava<br \/>\nRobert Abbatangelo<br \/>\nSaskatchewan<br \/>\nAdebolanle Adelakun<br \/>\nAlireza Nafisi<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nSebastien Bergeron<br \/>\nShaelynn Carson<br \/>\nTerrence (Scott) Scott Elford<br \/>\nDavid Nicholas Fournier<br \/>\nInderjeet Grewal<br \/>\nKatie Hendrickson<br \/>\nHayley Jacobs<br \/>\nMatthew D. Johnson<br \/>\nMitchell Lee<br \/>\nColin Murray<br \/>\nHao Ye<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nBraden Scott Armstrong<br \/>\nMacy Burke<br \/>\nDevin John Craig<br \/>\nOlivia Rose Delloch<br \/>\nDaniel Graef<br \/>\nAnton Ivanenko<br \/>\nDhaval D. Jain<br \/>\nNicholas Thomas Jang<br \/>\nTyler Quinn Johnson<br \/>\nBill Lam<br \/>\nJudith Lynn Leeming<\/p>\n<p>Casie McKay<br \/>\nMichael McNulty<br \/>\nDrayson D. Netzel-Wood<br \/>\nGesar Saunders<br \/>\nRamanjit Kaur Sidhu<br \/>\nStuart Slaven<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nNathan Loewen<br \/>\nGregory Matson<br \/>\nMadeleine Mba<br \/>\nRyan Myles Oliveros<br \/>\nRiley Philippe  <\/p>\n<p>William Sasseville<br \/>\nDan Simon Theobald<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia \/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/p>\n<p>Harrison Garnet Brown<br \/>\nDarren Misewich<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nPrerna Aman<br \/>\nMorvarid Basiri<br \/>\nWayne Bridge<br \/>\nJin Cho<\/p>\n<p>Tania Dupuis<br \/>\nEugene Estavillo<br \/>\nAhmad Farooqi<br \/>\nScott Forler<br \/>\nDouglas Fung<br \/>\nRobert Glazer<br \/>\nRyan Gong<br \/>\nDaniel Greco<br \/>\nJulian Andres Grillo<br \/>\nJun Huang<br \/>\nArshdeep Karir<br \/>\nItchelaye Olade  <\/p>\n<p>Rodrigue Kochikpa<br \/>\nRobert Law<br \/>\nMimi Lee<br \/>\nHenry Liu<br \/>\nChris McAuliffe<br \/>\nLeanne Oefner<br \/>\nAleksandra Raval<br \/>\nPatrick Riganelli<br \/>\nVictoria Marie Salton<br \/>\nHarman Sohi<br \/>\nNicole J. St Pierre<br \/>\nAlice Xing Sun<br \/>\nDaniela Tandory<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nVeronica Boccinfuso<br \/>\nDaniel Graziano<br \/>\nBarbara Silsbe<br \/>\nSteven Ray Vasey<br \/>\nDavid Vos<\/p>\n<p>Students \/ \u00c9tudiants<br \/>\nThis category of membership serves as the first step on the path to <\/p>\n<p>designation for those completing their requirements for Candidate <\/p>\n<p>membership. Students considering the appraisal profession as a career <\/p>\n<p>option are also welcomed to this category of membership.<\/p>\n<p>Cette cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion constitue la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape sur la voie de la<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation pour ceux qui s\u2019affairent \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les exigences de la cat\u00e9gorie<br \/>\nde membres stagiaire. Les \u00e9tudiants qui contemplent une carri\u00e8re comme<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur professionnel sont acceuillis dans cette cat\u00e9gorie de membres.<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nEdward George Powell<br \/>\nKacie Sawri<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nAdam Burns<br \/>\nSoonyoung Chae<br \/>\nSamson Ejeta<br \/>\nJu Hee Han<\/p>\n<p>Anna Hrynko<br \/>\nJiyoung Ju<br \/>\nGayeong Kim<br \/>\nYouri Kim<br \/>\nReilly Mawhinney<br \/>\nMohit Mehan<br \/>\nVirginia Purvis<br \/>\nCarol A. Simmons<br \/>\nXu Xu<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward<br \/>\nIsland \/ \u00cele-du-<br \/>\nPrince-\u00c9douard<br \/>\nCaleb James Daley<br \/>\nMegan Dougan<br \/>\nEllen R. MacQuarrie<\/p>\n<p>Quebec \/ Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nAntoine Betat<br \/>\nTristan Gribbon<br \/>\nGabriel Harvey-Hudon<br \/>\nKatrina Paige Silverman<br \/>\nCharles Theriault<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nFunmilola Dorcas <\/p>\n<p>Oluwole<\/p>\n<p>Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s successful real estate professional is committed to lifelong<br \/>\nlearning. UBC\u2019s\u00a0Continuing Professional Development Courses<br \/>\nmeet your needs.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Convenient online course format<br \/>\n\u2022  Broad range of valuation and real estate business topics<br \/>\n\u2022  Guaranteed Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Continuing<br \/>\n    Professional Development credits<\/p>\n<p>Recently updated courses:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0f0 CPD 101, Business Enterprise Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 103, Agricultural Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 104, Hotel Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 108, Seniors Housing<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, visit:<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\ntel:  604.822.2227 \/ 1.877.775.7733    <\/p>\n<p>email: cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Creative<br \/>\nAdaptable<br \/>\nAnalytical <\/p>\n<p>Canadian_App_Valuation.indd   1 2\/20\/2020   1:34:59 PM<\/p>\n<p>mailto:cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/realestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation and Advisory Services Team<br \/>\nAt CBRE, you have the ability to take charge of your career and enjoy an inclusive, collaborative<br \/>\nenvironment. Work on an industry-leading team that provides unmatched client services<br \/>\nby leveraging best in class research, technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti, AACI, MRICS<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\npaul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\n+1 416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Make your own path with a team<br \/>\nthat believes in you<\/p>\n<p>paul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":74572,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":""},"class_list":["post-74575","issue","type-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/74575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}