{"id":79913,"date":"2020-09-18T16:10:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T20:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=79913"},"modified":"2020-09-18T16:11:12","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T12:11:12","slug":"2020-volume-64-tome-3","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/cpv-issue\/2020-volume-64-tome-3\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 \u2013 Volume 64 \u2013 Tome 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vol 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 2020<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\nM<\/p>\n<p> #<br \/>\n40<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n82<\/p>\n<p>49<br \/>\n R<\/p>\n<p>et<br \/>\nur<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nun<\/p>\n<p>de<br \/>\nli<\/p>\n<p>ve<br \/>\nra<\/p>\n<p>bl<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nA<\/p>\n<p>dd<br \/>\nre<\/p>\n<p>ss<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p> t<br \/>\no:<\/p>\n<p> A<br \/>\npp<\/p>\n<p>ra<br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>al<br \/>\n In<\/p>\n<p>st<br \/>\nit<\/p>\n<p>ut<br \/>\ne <\/p>\n<p>of<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>an<br \/>\nad<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n 4<\/p>\n<p>03<br \/>\n-2<\/p>\n<p>00<br \/>\n C<\/p>\n<p>at<br \/>\nhe<\/p>\n<p>ri<br \/>\nne<\/p>\n<p> S<br \/>\nt.<\/p>\n<p>, O<br \/>\ntt<\/p>\n<p>aw<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> O<br \/>\nN<\/p>\n<p> K<br \/>\n2P<\/p>\n<p> 2<br \/>\nK<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\n in<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>The Official Publication of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada \/<br \/>\nPublication officielle de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>ASPECTS OF<br \/>\nAPPRAISING IN NUNAVUT<br \/>\nAspects du travail<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9valuation au Nunavut <\/p>\n<p>KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL<br \/>\nCOMMUNICATION<br \/>\nIN THE CORONAVIRUS ERA<br \/>\nLes 4 cl\u00e9s d\u2019une<br \/>\ncommunication efficace<br \/>\npar temps de coronavirus <\/p>\n<p>VALUING SPECIFIC<br \/>\nLAND CLAIMS<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nde revendications<br \/>\nterritoriales particuli\u00e8res<\/p>\n<p>The great office space<br \/>\nREALIGNMENTREALIGNMENT<\/p>\n<p>Le grand<br \/>\nR\u00c9AM\u00c9NAGEMENT R\u00c9AM\u00c9NAGEMENT <\/p>\n<p>des espaces de bureau <\/p>\n<p>Immobili\u00e8re au Canada<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Experience<br \/>\nthe Difference<br \/>\nWe are looking for individuals, teams and companies<br \/>\nacross Canada seeking an opportunity to be a part of<br \/>\nour growing team.<\/p>\n<p>Acquisition or signing bonuses available!<\/p>\n<p>Avison Young is a principal-led commercial real estate firm<br \/>\nwith a unique model, culture and approach.  We deliver<br \/>\nclient-focused solutions while investing in the success of<br \/>\nour people and betterment of our communities.  And this,<br \/>\nof course, is why more and more of the industry\u2019s best real<br \/>\nestate professionals are joining us every day.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more, please contact us at:<br \/>\ncanada.valuation@avisonyoung.com<\/p>\n<p>Partnership. Performance.<br \/>\navisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>On behalf of our Avison Young team, please stay well and stay safe.<\/p>\n<p>mailto:canada.valuation@avisonyoung.com<br \/>\navisonyoung.ca\/valuations<\/p>\n<p>Find \u2022 Invest \u2022 Develop \u2022 Manage \u2022 Real Estate <\/p>\n<p>Uncover the real value<br \/>\nof your property or portfolio. <\/p>\n<p>Precise and dependable property<br \/>\nvaluation services to help you make<br \/>\ntimely, informed real estate decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Dave Black<br \/>\nAACI, P. App., MRICS<br \/>\nSenior Vice President &#038; National Practice Lead<br \/>\nJLL Valuation Advisory<\/p>\n<p>Dave.Black@am.jll.com<\/p>\n<p>jll.ca\/value<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/jll.ca\/value<br \/>\nDave.Black@am.jll.com<\/p>\n<p>BE THE EXPERT<br \/>\nColliers is seeking motivated appraisers to join our Valuation<br \/>\nand Advisory Services team. Colliers recently introduced<br \/>\nnew market leading report writing software which upon its<br \/>\nintroduction increased average report production speeds<br \/>\nby upwards of 30%. Colliers AACI designated appraisers in<br \/>\nCanada had an average net compensation in 2019 in excess<br \/>\nof $200,000. Reach out today to learn how to leverage<br \/>\nColliers brand, technology and resources to take your career<br \/>\nto the next level.<\/p>\n<p>Contact Brandi Skaggs at Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com to<br \/>\nlearn more about joining Valuation &#038; Advisory Services at<br \/>\nColliers International.<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>mailto:Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>The articles printed in<br \/>\nthis issue represent<br \/>\nauthors\u2019 opinions only<br \/>\nand are not necessarily<br \/>\nendorsed by the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute<br \/>\nof Canada. Copyright<br \/>\n2020 by the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada.<br \/>\nAll rights reserved.<br \/>\nReproduction in whole<br \/>\nor in part without<br \/>\nwritten permission<br \/>\nis strictly prohibited.<br \/>\nSubscription, $40.00 per<br \/>\nyear. Printed in Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les articles imprim\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nce num\u00e9ro ne rep\u00e9sentent<br \/>\nque l\u2019opinion de leur auteur<br \/>\nrespectif, mais ne sont pas<br \/>\nn\u00e9ces\u2013sairement endoss\u00e9s<br \/>\npar l\u2019Institut Canadien des<br \/>\n\u00c9valuateurs. Tous droits<br \/>\nreserv\u00e9s 2020 par l\u2019Institut<br \/>\nCanadien des \u00c9valuateurs.<br \/>\nLa reproduction totale ou<br \/>\npartielle sous quelque<br \/>\nform que se soit sans<br \/>\nauthorisation \u00e9crite est<br \/>\nabsolument interdite.<br \/>\nAbonnement $40.00 par<br \/>\nann\u00e9e. Imprim\u00e9 au Canada.<\/p>\n<p>* The Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada reserves the right<br \/>\nto reject advertising that it<br \/>\ndeems to be inappropriate.<\/p>\n<p>** The publisher and the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\ncannot be held liable for<br \/>\nany material used or claims<br \/>\nmade in advertising included<br \/>\nin this publication.Indexed<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business<br \/>\nIndex and available on-line<br \/>\nin the Canadian Business &#038;<br \/>\nCurrent Affairs database.<br \/>\nISSN 0827-2697<\/p>\n<p>Publication Mails Agreement<br \/>\n#40008249<\/p>\n<p>Return undeliverable<br \/>\nCanadian addresses to:<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n403-200 Catherine St.,<br \/>\nOttawa, ON K2P 2K9.<br \/>\nEmail: info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Director &#8211; Communications:<br \/>\nPaul H\u00e9bert, Ottawa<\/p>\n<p>Publication management,<br \/>\ndesign and production by:<br \/>\nDirection, conception et<br \/>\nproduction par :<\/p>\n<p>3rd Floor \u2013 2020 Portage<br \/>\nAvenue, Winnipeg,<br \/>\nMB R3J 0K4<br \/>\nPhone: 866-985-9780<br \/>\nFax: 866-985-9799<br \/>\nE-mail: info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nWeb: www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>Managing Editor:<br \/>\nCraig Kelman<\/p>\n<p>Design\/Layout:<br \/>\nKristy Unrau<\/p>\n<p>Marketing Manager:<br \/>\nKris Fillion<\/p>\n<p>Advertising Co-ordinator:<br \/>\nStefanie Hagidiakow<\/p>\n<p>7 Executive Corner<br \/>\nNew AIC President<br \/>\nJan Wicherek prepares for<br \/>\nthe uncharted waters that<br \/>\nlie ahead<\/p>\n<p>46 Marketing &#038;<br \/>\nCommunication<br \/>\nKeys to successful<br \/>\ncommunication in the<br \/>\nCoronavirus era<\/p>\n<p>51 Legal Matters<br \/>\nCUSPAP and the<br \/>\nCommon Law <\/p>\n<p>57 Advocacy<\/p>\n<p>63 Education<br \/>\nOnline learning<br \/>\nand the AIC<\/p>\n<p>69 News<br \/>\n\u2022  Congratulations Craig,<br \/>\n   Peter and Thomas<br \/>\n\u2022 Online membership<br \/>\n   renewal<br \/>\n\u2022  In Memoriam<\/p>\n<p>74 Designations,<br \/>\nCandidates, Students<\/p>\n<p>12 Le coin de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif<br \/>\nLe nouveau pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE,<br \/>\nJan Wicherek se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0<br \/>\nnaviguer les eaux inconnues<br \/>\nqui l&rsquo;attendent <\/p>\n<p>48 Marketing et<br \/>\ncommunications<br \/>\nLes 4 cl\u00e9s d\u2019une communication<br \/>\nefficace par temps de<br \/>\ncoronavirus <\/p>\n<p>54  Questions juridiques<br \/>\nLes NUPPEC et<br \/>\nla common law<\/p>\n<p>60  D\u00e9fense <\/p>\n<p>66  \u00c9ducation<br \/>\nL\u2019apprentissage en<br \/>\nligne et l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>69  Nouvelles<br \/>\n\u2022 Craig, Peter et<br \/>\n   Thomas, f\u00e9licitations<br \/>\n\u2022 Renouvellement<br \/>\n   d\u2019adh\u00e9sion en ligne<br \/>\n\u2022 En memoire<\/p>\n<p>74  D\u00e9signations,<br \/>\nstagiaires, \u00e9tudiants<\/p>\n<p>Valuing Specific Land Claims<br \/>\n\u00c9valuation en mati\u00e8re de revendications<br \/>\nterritoriales particuli\u00e8res<\/p>\n<p>Aspects of appraising in Nunavut<br \/>\nAspects du travail d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation au Nunavut <\/p>\n<p>34<\/p>\n<p>22<\/p>\n<p>COLUMNS CHRONIQUES<\/p>\n<p>The great office space realignment<\/p>\n<p>Le grand r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement<br \/>\ndes espaces de bureau<\/p>\n<p>16<br \/>\nBE THE EXPERT<br \/>\nColliers is seeking motivated appraisers to join our Valuation<br \/>\nand Advisory Services team. Colliers recently introduced<br \/>\nnew market leading report writing software which upon its<br \/>\nintroduction increased average report production speeds<br \/>\nby upwards of 30%. Colliers AACI designated appraisers in<br \/>\nCanada had an average net compensation in 2019 in excess<br \/>\nof $200,000. Reach out today to learn how to leverage<br \/>\nColliers brand, technology and resources to take your career<br \/>\nto the next level.<\/p>\n<p>Contact Brandi Skaggs at Brandi.Skaggs@colliers.com to<br \/>\nlearn more about joining Valuation &#038; Advisory Services at<br \/>\nColliers International.<\/p>\n<p>collierscanada.com<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@kelman.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.kelman.ca<\/p>\n<p>CDC provides quality,<br \/>\nprofessional valuations<br \/>\nto our clients on a timely<br \/>\nbasis with integrity,<br \/>\neffectiveness and value.<br \/>\nCDC fournit des \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nprofessionnelles de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nclients, de fa\u00e7on rapide, avec int\u00e9grit\u00e9,<br \/>\nefficacit\u00e9 et valeur. <\/p>\n<p>LocaL appraisers,<br \/>\nNatioNaL coverage,<br \/>\nexceLLeNt service.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9vaLuateurs Locaux,<br \/>\ncouverture NatioNaLe, <\/p>\n<p>service exceLLeNt.<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC. is a national full service appraisal firm<br \/>\nCDC INC. est une firme nationale d\u2019\u00e9valuation multiservices<br \/>\nT \/ T\u00e9l. : 1.866.479.7922<br \/>\nF \/ T\u00e9l\u00e9c. : 1.877.429.7972<br \/>\nE \/ Courriel : info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nW : www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATIONS IMMOBILI\u00c8RES<br \/>\nOur Value. Your Future.<br \/>\nNotre expertise. Votre avenir.<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>providing province-wide services in all<br \/>\naspects of real property assessment,<br \/>\nvaluation and consulting. As he enters his<br \/>\nterm as AIC President, he took the time to<br \/>\nshare his background and thoughts on a<br \/>\nvariety of issues and challenges that we<br \/>\nface in the year ahead. <\/p>\n<p>You currently work as a senior <\/p>\n<p>associate with Landmark Valuation Inc. <\/p>\n<p>Can you elaborate on the career path <\/p>\n<p>that led to your current situation?<\/p>\n<p>JW: I was originally born in Germany, but<br \/>\nimmigrated to Salisbury, New Brunswick,<br \/>\nwhen I was 10. Here, I grew up working in<br \/>\nmy father\u2019s construction company where I<br \/>\nwas able to get my first introduction to the<br \/>\nconstruction industry. After graduating<br \/>\nfrom the University of Prince Edward<br \/>\nIsland (UPEI) in 2004, I moved overseas<br \/>\nfor nearly five years where I lived in <\/p>\n<p>Seoul, South Korea teaching English<br \/>\nand travelling through much of<br \/>\nSoutheast Asia. Upon returning<br \/>\nto PEI in 2009, I was hired by<br \/>\nAtlantic Realty Advisers (ARA) in<br \/>\nCharlottetown, where I got my start<br \/>\nin the profession and earned my <\/p>\n<p>AACI designation.<br \/>\nI started my own company in 2013, <\/p>\n<p>building a client base in the residential<br \/>\nmarketplace before gradually shifting the <\/p>\n<p>bulk of my focus to commercial appraisals.<br \/>\nI have since started diversifying into<br \/>\nmachinery and equipment valuation as<br \/>\nwell as property condition assessments<br \/>\n(PCAs). This year, I joined Charlottetown<br \/>\nLandmark Valuation Inc. as a senior<br \/>\nassociate where I continue to focus on<br \/>\ncommercial appraisal assignments as well<br \/>\nas expanding on machinery and equipment<br \/>\nvaluations and PCAs.<\/p>\n<p>Can you tell us about your company <\/p>\n<p>and the business it conducts <\/p>\n<p>throughout Prince Edward Island? <\/p>\n<p>What are your specific areas of <\/p>\n<p>practice and responsibilities? <\/p>\n<p>JW: PEI is a small province, so trying<br \/>\nto specialize in a particular area of<br \/>\npractice can be exceedingly difficult.<br \/>\nI complete valuation assignments on<br \/>\nalmost everything including commercial,<br \/>\nindustrial, institutional, multi-family,<br \/>\nagricultural, vacant land, etc. I have<br \/>\nmoved away from residential work over<br \/>\nthe past three years, but will complete<br \/>\nassignments if they are part of larger<br \/>\nportfolio of work. Although I am not where<br \/>\nI would like to be with my diversification<br \/>\ninto machinery and equipment and PCAs,<br \/>\nit is a work-in-progress which I will<br \/>\ncontinue to explore and implement into<br \/>\nmy practice.<\/p>\n<p>T he Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s newly elected President is Jan Wicherek, AACI, P. App., a senior<br \/>\nassociate with Landmark Valuation Inc.<br \/>\nin Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island<br \/>\n(PEI). For the past 15 years, Jan has been <\/p>\n<p>New AIC President<br \/>\nJan Wicherek prepares<br \/>\nfor the uncharted waters<br \/>\nthat lie ahead<\/p>\n<p>CDC provides quality,<br \/>\nprofessional valuations<br \/>\nto our clients on a timely<br \/>\nbasis with integrity,<br \/>\neffectiveness and value.<br \/>\nCDC fournit des \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nprofessionnelles de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses<br \/>\nclients, de fa\u00e7on rapide, avec int\u00e9grit\u00e9,<br \/>\nefficacit\u00e9 et valeur. <\/p>\n<p>LocaL appraisers,<br \/>\nNatioNaL coverage,<br \/>\nexceLLeNt service.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9vaLuateurs Locaux,<br \/>\ncouverture NatioNaLe, <\/p>\n<p>service exceLLeNt.<\/p>\n<p>CDC INC. is a national full service appraisal firm<br \/>\nCDC INC. est une firme nationale d\u2019\u00e9valuation multiservices<br \/>\nT \/ T\u00e9l. : 1.866.479.7922<br \/>\nF \/ T\u00e9l\u00e9c. : 1.877.429.7972<br \/>\nE \/ Courriel : info@cdcinc.ca<br \/>\nW : www.cdcinc.ca<\/p>\n<p>REAL PROPERTY APPRAISALS<br \/>\n\u00c9VALUATIONS IMMOBILI\u00c8RES<br \/>\nOur Value. Your Future.<br \/>\nNotre expertise. Votre avenir.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 7Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>How would you describe the unique <\/p>\n<p>opportunities and challenges that <\/p>\n<p>are part of the valuation profession <\/p>\n<p>in PEI?<\/p>\n<p>JW: I really enjoy the diversity of valuation<br \/>\nassignments that I undertake as they<br \/>\nrequire me to continuously develop<br \/>\nnew knowledge and expertise on<br \/>\nvarious industry sectors and enable me<br \/>\n(at least in my eyes) to be a more well<br \/>\nrounded appraiser.<\/p>\n<p>You obviously made a decision at <\/p>\n<p>some point in your career to become <\/p>\n<p>engaged in volunteer activities. <\/p>\n<p>Why did you make that choice <\/p>\n<p>and in what capacities have you <\/p>\n<p>volunteered over the years?<\/p>\n<p>JW: I do not take things for granted.<br \/>\nI wanted to give back to the profession,<br \/>\nwhich has given me so much. <\/p>\n<p>Volunteering was just a natural extension<br \/>\nof my work. I have always wanted to be<br \/>\npart of the decision-making process;<br \/>\nI hate having things handed to me<br \/>\nwithout at least providing my input on<br \/>\na specific subject, which will directly<br \/>\naffect me. By volunteering, I want to<br \/>\nensure the continued success of the<br \/>\nappraisal profession. In addition, when<br \/>\nI worked and studied as a Candidate, I<br \/>\nquickly learned that you will never know<br \/>\neverything about appraising. Having a<br \/>\ngreat support network upon which you<br \/>\ncan draw (if required) is essential in<br \/>\nsurviving and thriving in this industry.<br \/>\nVolunteering allowed me to meet and<br \/>\nmake great friends and acquaintances<br \/>\nwith countless, dedicated members<br \/>\nwho have helped me over the years with<br \/>\ndifficult assignments by providing, data,<br \/>\nguidance, and suggestions.<\/p>\n<p>I started volunteering as a Candidate<br \/>\non the provincial PEI-AIC Board.<br \/>\nSince then, I have been part of various<br \/>\ncommittees and have held various roles<br \/>\nwhich included (but were not limited<br \/>\nto): BDI interviewer; director PEI-AIC;<br \/>\nvice-president PEI-AIC; director PEI-<br \/>\nAIC; national advocacy representative<br \/>\nPEI-AIC; national director; vice-<br \/>\npresident Executive Board; director\/<br \/>\ntrustee of the Jack Warren Trust Fund;<br \/>\nmember with the Applied Experience<br \/>\nProgram panel; (PCI) interviewer;<br \/>\nmember of the Shaping our Future Task<br \/>\nForce; member of the COVID-19 Task<br \/>\nForce; and chair\/co-chair of various<br \/>\nnational committees (Communications<br \/>\n&#038; Marketing, Audit &#038; Finance,<br \/>\nProfessional Practice, Nominating,<br \/>\nand Advocacy). <\/p>\n<p>You are now the AIC President and <\/p>\n<p>serve on the Executive Committee <\/p>\n<p>as well as the Professional Practice, <\/p>\n<p>Audit &#038; Finance, Insurance and <\/p>\n<p>Nomination committees. What are <\/p>\n<p>your responsibilities in these areas?<\/p>\n<p>JW: As national President I indirectly<br \/>\nsit on every committee, if required.<br \/>\nI have always enjoyed the diversity of<br \/>\nvolunteering on different committees,<br \/>\npanels, or taskforces, as each will<br \/>\nchallenge you and take you out of your<br \/>\ncomfort zone. My participation on<br \/>\nthe various committees, panels, and<br \/>\ntaskforces, has helped me gain a better<br \/>\nunderstanding of our organization.<br \/>\nLike most of my previous volunteer<br \/>\nroles, I am tasked with providing<br \/>\ninput, comments, or suggestions<br \/>\non specific matters.<\/p>\n<p>How would you sum up your <\/p>\n<p>experiences as a volunteer <\/p>\n<p>and what it has meant to you <\/p>\n<p>personally and professionally?<\/p>\n<p>JW: I have loved every minute of it.<br \/>\nIt has been challenging, but extremely<br \/>\nrewarding. Many of my fellow<br \/>\nvolunteers have heard me say this \u2026 <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 8 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>info@crvg.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cH7nMbFcw9\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/\">CRVG Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;CRVG Home&#8221; &#8212; CRVG - Canadian Resource Valuation Group\" src=\"https:\/\/crvg.com\/embed\/#?secret=e5SfjCZ02i#?secret=cH7nMbFcw9\" data-secret=\"cH7nMbFcw9\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>If all I ever received<br \/>\nfrom volunteering was<br \/>\nthe great friendships<br \/>\nand support networks<br \/>\nI have gained over<br \/>\nthe years, I would<br \/>\nhave been grossly<br \/>\nOVERPAID.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cif all I ever received from volunteering<br \/>\nwas the great friendships and support<br \/>\nnetworks I have gained over the years, I<br \/>\nwould have been grossly OVERPAID.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We are still in the throes of <\/p>\n<p>a worldwide pandemic that <\/p>\n<p>has affected each of us in our <\/p>\n<p>personal lives as well as in the <\/p>\n<p>way we conduct our business <\/p>\n<p>individually and as a professional <\/p>\n<p>organization. With this now part <\/p>\n<p>of the equation, what do you see <\/p>\n<p>as the biggest challenges in the <\/p>\n<p>year ahead for you as an individual, <\/p>\n<p>for the AIC, for real property <\/p>\n<p>appraisers in general, and for the <\/p>\n<p>real estate industry as a whole?<\/p>\n<p>JW: My personal challenges moving<br \/>\nforward in the new COVID landscape are<br \/>\nlinked to those of the AIC as a whole. I<br \/>\npersonally believe the COVID-19 pandemic<br \/>\nhas greatly accelerated the pace of<br \/>\nchange. This includes virtual inspections,<br \/>\nworking from home, zoom meetings;<br \/>\nand other technological applications.<br \/>\nAnd this will not change. For years, if not<br \/>\ndecades, we have been talking about the<br \/>\nneed for Members to adapt to a changing<br \/>\nlandscape and diversification of their<br \/>\nservice offerings. While some Members<br \/>\nhave done just that, many have not.<br \/>\nUnless we change the way we practice<br \/>\nour profession, we will not survive.<\/p>\n<p>The AIC is continuously evolving <\/p>\n<p>as an organization and, in 2019, <\/p>\n<p>a Task Force was struck to <\/p>\n<p>examine the industry and develop <\/p>\n<p>recommendations regarding <\/p>\n<p>how the organization can better <\/p>\n<p>facilitate Members\u2019 adaptation to <\/p>\n<p>the new realities of the marketplace. <\/p>\n<p>Considering the pandemic, is that <\/p>\n<p>process still moving forward?<\/p>\n<p>JW: For over three years now, our<br \/>\nStrategic Plan has guided us to focus<br \/>\non four pillars:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A Vibrant and Engaged<br \/>\nMembership Base;   <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Advocacy on Behalf of Members<br \/>\nand the Profession; <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Recognition of AIC Members as<br \/>\nProfessionals of Choice; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Diversification of the Appraisal<br \/>\nProfessional\u2019s Value Proposition.<\/p>\n<p>During that time, we have made great<br \/>\nstrides in each of these key areas, but,<br \/>\nas we begin the work of the Shaping<br \/>\nour Future Task Force (consisting of a<br \/>\ndiverse group of representatives from<br \/>\nthe national and provincial levels of our<br \/>\nassociation), we are heading into new<br \/>\ndirections\u2026 into the unknown. The four<br \/>\npillars or principles will not go away,<br \/>\nbut our priorities as an organization and<br \/>\nprofession will likely need to change <\/p>\n<p>Overall, what would you say  <\/p>\n<p>are the Institute&rsquo;s main priorities  <\/p>\n<p>in the year ahead? <\/p>\n<p>JW: We are facing what are perhaps the<br \/>\ngreatest challenges to our profession in<br \/>\nour 82-year existence, but I am confident<br \/>\nthat we are up to the task.<\/p>\n<p>It is said that change is the only<br \/>\nconstant. There is no more clear evidence<br \/>\nof this than what we have witnessed<br \/>\nand experienced since March. We are<br \/>\nnow well-versed in terms like \u201csocial<br \/>\ndistancing,\u201d \u201cself-quarantine,\u201d \u201csocial<br \/>\nresponsibility,\u201d and \u201cflattening the curve.\u201d<br \/>\nMonths ago, none of us had probably ever<br \/>\nheard of these concepts. We have now<br \/>\nmoved from our message of \u201cChange is<br \/>\nComing\u201d to \u201cEverything has Changed.\u201d<br \/>\nWhile it is uncertain how long it will last<br \/>\nor how much things will change moving<br \/>\nforward, perhaps the only thing we can<br \/>\nall agree upon is the fact that likely things<br \/>\nwill never go back to the way they were.<\/p>\n<p>Keeping this in mind, I think the<br \/>\nInstitute\u2019s main priority for the coming<br \/>\nyear is to let the Leading Change Task<br \/>\nForce continue with its mandate to<br \/>\nprovide the help and input of the AIC<br \/>\nmembership to devise a strategic plan<br \/>\nto lead us forward in the COVID altered<br \/>\nworld. Some of the proposed changes<br \/>\nbrought forward from the Task Force may<br \/>\nbe extreme, but we need to look at the<br \/>\nfindings with an open mind as things will<br \/>\nnot go back to the way they were in the<br \/>\n\u201cgood old days.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>What do you feel have been the <\/p>\n<p>Institute\u2019s major accomplishments  <\/p>\n<p>over the past year or two?<\/p>\n<p>JW: For one, promotion of our<br \/>\nMembers is now a significant part of<br \/>\nthe AIC culture. In this regard, we have<br \/>\nrefreshed our website and created the<br \/>\nmicro website appraisersknow.ca. Also,<br \/>\nAIC exposure continues to grow on all<br \/>\nfacets of social media including Twitter,<br \/>\nFacebook, LinkedIn, etc.<\/p>\n<p>A second major accomplishment<br \/>\nhas been in the area of advocacy. <\/p>\n<p>and evolve with market and technological<br \/>\nchanges. Like most things in our daily<br \/>\nlives, the Task Force\u2019s work has been<br \/>\ndelayed by the pandemic. Moving forward,<br \/>\nwe need to engage with as many of the<br \/>\nindividual Members as possible to identify<br \/>\ngoals and opportunities for our profession<br \/>\nand organization. Our consultation process<br \/>\nmay require some adjustment due to the<br \/>\npandemic, but the work of the Task Force<br \/>\nresumed in August and members will be<br \/>\ncontacted for consultation in the coming<br \/>\nmonths. One of my top priorities as your<br \/>\nincoming President will be to support the<br \/>\nwork of the Task Force\u2026 I honestly believe<br \/>\nour future depends on it.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 9Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EXECUTIVE CORNER<\/p>\n<p>It is important to remember that, while<br \/>\nthis is a marathon not a sprint, but we<br \/>\nhave come out of the gates firing on all<br \/>\ncylinders. If you recall, when the federal<br \/>\ngovernment announced a new program<br \/>\nfor first-time homebuyers in the 2019<br \/>\nbudget, we wanted to ensure that there<br \/>\nbe a requirement for an appraisal<br \/>\nthroughout the cycle of this program.<br \/>\nThis past August \u2013 following AIC\u2019s<br \/>\ndiscussions and submissions \u2013 CMHC<br \/>\nannounced the program details<br \/>\nthat included the requirement of an<br \/>\nappraisal at different stages throughout<br \/>\nthe program.<\/p>\n<p>As well, for the past three years,<br \/>\nAIC\u2019s President and CEO have appeared<br \/>\nbefore the House of Commons Standing<br \/>\nCommittee on Finance (most recently<br \/>\non February 6, 2020). That particular<br \/>\npresentation resulted in all three of<br \/>\nAIC\u2019s recommendations being reflected<br \/>\nin the committee\u2019s report and the AIC<br \/>\nwas widely quoted within the report. <\/p>\n<p>And of course, AIC\u2019s 3rd annual<br \/>\nHill Day transpired this past February,<br \/>\nwith volunteers from across the<br \/>\ncountry meeting with over 25 MPs and<br \/>\nelected officials.<\/p>\n<p>Two recent examples of developments<br \/>\narising from our advocacy efforts include:<br \/>\nthe brief address by the Federal Minister<br \/>\nResponsible for CMHC and the National<br \/>\nHousing Strategy, Minister Hussein,<br \/>\nat our national AGM, as well as AIC\u2019s<br \/>\nwebinar with the Parliamentary Secretary<br \/>\nto the Minister of National Revenue,<br \/>\nFrancesco Sorbara.<\/p>\n<p>A year from now, when you reflect <\/p>\n<p>back on your term as President, <\/p>\n<p>what do you hope will have been <\/p>\n<p>the Institute&rsquo;s most significant <\/p>\n<p>accomplishment in that time period?<\/p>\n<p>JW: To have provided input and support to<br \/>\nthe Task Force in its mandate of providing;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Various scenarios in the changing<br \/>\nvaluation landscape at all levels to<br \/>\nhelp provide future direction for the<br \/>\nAIC and its membership;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 AIC governance and organizational<br \/>\nstructure to become more efficient<br \/>\nand effective in delivering its services<br \/>\nand programs;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Fine tuning and refocusing AIC<br \/>\nresources \u2013 including member<br \/>\neducation \u2013 to help support members\u2019 <\/p>\n<p>ability to diversify their services to meet the<br \/>\nchanging needs of the marketplace; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Understanding the impact of technology<br \/>\non the profession in quantifiable and<br \/>\nqualitative terms.<\/p>\n<p>What advice would you give to new <\/p>\n<p>Members entering the profession and to <\/p>\n<p>existing members going forward?<\/p>\n<p>JW: I still believe it is an extremely exciting<br \/>\ntime to be in the world of valuation. I do not<br \/>\nknow what the \u2018future appraiser\u2019 looks like,<br \/>\nhowever, I do know \u2013 with certainty \u2013 (as do<br \/>\nmost of the people within the industry today)<br \/>\nthat he or she will, in all likelihood, be vastly<br \/>\ndifferent from what an appraiser looked like<br \/>\nin the past and today.<\/p>\n<p>I want to make it clear that I do not claim<br \/>\nto have the solution for everything we are<br \/>\ndealing with in our industry today, but I do<br \/>\nknow that there is no one-fits-all solution to<br \/>\nwhat lies ahead. What I do feel has become<br \/>\nmore prevalent as time has passed and will<br \/>\ncontinue to shape our future is that things<br \/>\nhave changed and will not go back to the way<br \/>\nthey used to be. Therefore, we need to place<br \/>\nconventional thinking on the backburner;<br \/>\naccept and, where we can, embrace what is<br \/>\ntranspiring around us; embrace technology;<br \/>\nand make a personal commitment to grow,<br \/>\nevolve, and diversify with change.<\/p>\n<p>As I stated in my remarks at the AIC AGM<br \/>\nthis past June \u2026 \u201cI would like to leave you with<br \/>\na challenge\u2026 change your mind and skillset.<br \/>\nIn life there are so many doors to open. Be<br \/>\nan opener of doors and remember that even<br \/>\na very small key will unlock even the largest<br \/>\nand heaviest of doors!\u201d <\/p>\n<p>We need to place conventional thinking on the backburner; accept and, where<br \/>\nwe can, embrace what is transpiring around us; embrace technology; and make a<br \/>\npersonal commitment to grow, evolve, and diversify with change.<\/p>\n<p>I think the Institute\u2019s<br \/>\nmain priority for the<br \/>\ncoming year is to let<br \/>\nthe Leading Change<br \/>\nTask Force continue<br \/>\nwith its mandate<br \/>\nto provide the help<br \/>\nand input of the AIC<br \/>\nmembership to devise a<br \/>\nstrategic plan to lead us<br \/>\nforward in the COVID<br \/>\naltered world. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 10 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>a step above<\/p>\n<p>Proud professional liability<br \/>\ninsurance partner of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada<\/p>\n<p>Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company is a Canadian owned and operated Property and Casualty<br \/>\ninsurance company specializing in niche insurance and surety products. We are a proud supporter<br \/>\nof the Insurance Brokers Association of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>File name: Professional Liability_AIC_8.25&#215;10.75 Client: TRISURE<\/p>\n<p>Size: Custom Created: May 4, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Trim: 8.25\u201d W x10.75\u201d H with .125\u201d bleed Modified: May 6, 2020 11:09 am<\/p>\n<p>Colour Mode: CMYK Resolution: at least 300 DPI<\/p>\n<p>Learn more at<br \/>\nwww.trisura.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EmeAPQNOzz\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/\">Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Trisura: Tailor-Made Insurance &amp; Surety Solutions\u00a0&#8221; &#8212; Trisura\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trisura.com\/embed\/#?secret=OVOWOdAO1V#?secret=EmeAPQNOzz\" data-secret=\"EmeAPQNOzz\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>les aspects de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, de l\u2019estimation<br \/>\net de la consultation en mati\u00e8re de biens<br \/>\nimmobiliers. Alors qu\u2019il entame son<br \/>\nmandat de pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE, il a pris<br \/>\nle temps de partager son exp\u00e9rience et<br \/>\nses r\u00e9flexions sur une s\u00e9rie de questions<br \/>\net de d\u00e9fis auxquels nous serons<br \/>\nconfront\u00e9s au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir. <\/p>\n<p>Vous travaillez actuellement en <\/p>\n<p>tant qu\u2019associ\u00e9 principal chez <\/p>\n<p>Landmark Valuation Inc. Parlez-nous <\/p>\n<p>du parcours professionnel qui vous <\/p>\n<p>a conduit \u00e0 ce poste?<\/p>\n<p>JW : Je suis n\u00e9 en Allemagne, mais<br \/>\nj\u2019ai immigr\u00e9 \u00e0 Salisbury, au Nouveau-<br \/>\nBrunswick, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 10 ans. J\u2019y ai<br \/>\ngrandi en travaillant dans l\u2019entreprise de<br \/>\nconstruction de mon p\u00e8re, o\u00f9 j\u2019ai pu faire<br \/>\nmes premi\u00e8res armes dans le secteur de<br \/>\nla construction. Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu mon<br \/>\ndipl\u00f4me de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00cele-du-Prince-<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9douard (UPEI) en 2004, je suis parti \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9tranger pendant pr\u00e8s de cinq ans.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai v\u00e9cu \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, o\u00f9<br \/>\nj\u2019ai enseign\u00e9 l\u2019anglais et voyag\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nune grande partie de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est.<br \/>\n\u00c0 mon retour \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9. en 2009, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>embauch\u00e9 par Atlantic Realty Advisers<br \/>\n(ARA) \u00e0 Charlottetown, o\u00f9 j\u2019ai fait mes<br \/>\nd\u00e9buts dans la profession et obtenu ma<br \/>\nd\u00e9signation AACI. <\/p>\n<p>J\u2019ai cr\u00e9\u00e9 ma propre entreprise en<br \/>\n2013, me constituant une client\u00e8le sur le<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 r\u00e9sidentiel avant de transf\u00e9rer<br \/>\nprogressivement la majeure partie de<br \/>\nma charge de travail vers les \u00e9valuations<br \/>\ncommerciales. Depuis, j\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 me<br \/>\ndiversifier dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation de machinerie<br \/>\net d\u2019\u00e9quipement ainsi que dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9tat des biens. Cette ann\u00e9e, je me suis<br \/>\njoint \u00e0 Charlottetown Landmark Valuation<br \/>\nInc. en tant qu\u2019associ\u00e9 principal, o\u00f9 je<br \/>\ncontinue \u00e0 me concentrer sur les contrats<br \/>\nde service d\u2019\u00e9valuation commerciale et<br \/>\n\u00e0 \u00e9largir mes activit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9valuation de<br \/>\nmachinerie et d\u2019\u00e9quipement et d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nde l&rsquo;\u00e9tat des biens. <\/p>\n<p>Parlez-nous de votre entreprise et des <\/p>\n<p>activit\u00e9s qu\u2019elle m\u00e8ne sur l\u2019ensemble <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard? Quels <\/p>\n<p>sont vos domaines de pratique et vos <\/p>\n<p>responsabilit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques? <\/p>\n<p>JW : L\u2019\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard est une petite<br \/>\nprovince. Il peut donc \u00eatre extr\u00eamement<br \/>\ndifficile de se sp\u00e9cialiser dans un domaine<br \/>\nde pratique en particulier. Je r\u00e9alise<br \/>\ndes contrats de service d\u2019\u00e9valuation sur<br \/>\npresque tout, y compris sur des biens<br \/>\ncommerciaux, industriels, institutionnels,<br \/>\nmulti-familiaux, terrains agricoles ou<br \/>\nvacants, etc. Je me suis \u00e9loign\u00e9 du travail<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentiel au cours des trois derni\u00e8res <\/p>\n<p>L e pr\u00e9sident nouvellement \u00e9lu de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs, Jan Wicherek, AACI, P. App., est associ\u00e9 principal de<br \/>\nLandmark Valuation Inc. \u00e0 Charlottetown,<br \/>\n\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard (\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9.). Au cours<br \/>\ndes 15 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, Jan a fourni des<br \/>\nservices \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle provinciale dans tous <\/p>\n<p>Le nouveau pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE,<br \/>\nJan Wicherek, se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0<br \/>\nnaviguer les eaux inconnues<br \/>\nqui l&rsquo;attendent <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 12 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>ann\u00e9es, mais j\u2019effectue des contrats de<br \/>\nservice dans ce domaine s\u2019ils font partie<br \/>\nd\u2019un portefeuille de travail plus important.<br \/>\nBien que je ne sois pas encore arriv\u00e9 l\u00e0<br \/>\no\u00f9 je souhaiterais \u00eatre en ce qui concerne<br \/>\nma diversification dans la machinerie et<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9quipement et les \u00e9valuations de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat<br \/>\ndes biens, c\u2019est un projet que je continuerai<br \/>\n\u00e0 explorer et \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre dans<br \/>\nma pratique.  <\/p>\n<p>Comment d\u00e9crivez-vous les <\/p>\n<p>opportunit\u00e9s et les d\u00e9fis uniques <\/p>\n<p>qui font partie de la profession <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019\u00e9valuateur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9.? <\/p>\n<p>JW : J\u2019appr\u00e9cie vraiment la diversit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes contrats de service d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nque j\u2019entreprends car ils m\u2019obligent \u00e0<br \/>\nv\u00e9rifier un flux continu de connaissances<br \/>\nsur divers secteurs industriels et me<br \/>\npermettent (du moins \u00e0 mes yeux) d\u2019\u00eatre<br \/>\nun \u00e9valuateur plus complet. <\/p>\n<p>Il est \u00e9vident qu\u2019\u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>de votre carri\u00e8re, vous avez pris la <\/p>\n<p>d\u00e9cision de vous engager dans des <\/p>\n<p>activit\u00e9s de b\u00e9n\u00e9volat. Pourquoi avez-<\/p>\n<p>vous fait ce choix et \u00e0 quel titre avez-<\/p>\n<p>vous fait du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat au fil des ans? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Je ne prends rien pour acquis. J\u2019ai<br \/>\nvoulu remettre \u00e0 cette profession qui m\u2019a<br \/>\ntant apport\u00e9. Le b\u00e9n\u00e9volat n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019un<br \/>\nprolongement naturel de mon travail. J\u2019ai<br \/>\ntoujours voulu faire partie du processus<br \/>\nde d\u00e9cision; je d\u00e9teste qu\u2019on me donne<br \/>\ndes choses sans au moins me demander<br \/>\nmon avis sur un sujet pr\u00e9cis qui me touche<br \/>\ndirectement. En faisant du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat,<br \/>\nje veux assurer le succ\u00e8s continu de la<br \/>\nprofession d\u2019\u00e9valuateur. En outre, lorsque<br \/>\nj\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 et \u00e9tudi\u00e9 en tant que stagiaire,<br \/>\nj\u2019ai vite constat\u00e9 qu\u2019il est impossible de<br \/>\ntout savoir dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<br \/>\nPour survivre et prosp\u00e9rer dans ce<br \/>\ndomaine, il est essentiel de disposer<br \/>\nd\u2019un grand r\u00e9seau de soutien sur lequel<br \/>\nvous pouvez compter (si n\u00e9cessaire). Le<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9volat m\u2019a permis de rencontrer et de<br \/>\nme faire des amis et des connaissances<br \/>\navec d\u2019innombrables membres d\u00e9vou\u00e9s <\/p>\n<p>qui m\u2019ont aid\u00e9 au fil des ans \u00e0 mener \u00e0 bien<br \/>\ndes contrats de service difficiles en me<br \/>\nfournissant des donn\u00e9es, des conseils et<br \/>\ndes suggestions.<\/p>\n<p>J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat<br \/>\nen tant que stagiaire au Conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration provincial de l\u2019ICE \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9. Depuis lors, j\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0<br \/>\nfaire du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat en tant que candidat<br \/>\nau Conseil provincial de l\u2019ICE de l\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai fait partie de divers comit\u00e9s et j\u2019ai<br \/>\nrempli divers r\u00f4les, notamment (mais<br \/>\npas exclusivement) intervieweur au BDI;<br \/>\nmembre du Conseil d\u2019administration<br \/>\npuis vice-pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE de l\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9;<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentant national de l\u2019ICE de l\u2019\u00ce.-P.-\u00c9;<br \/>\nmembre du Conseil d\u2019administration<br \/>\nnational; vice-pr\u00e9sident du Conseil<br \/>\nex\u00e9cutif; administrateur\/fiduciaire du Jack<br \/>\nWarren Trust Fund; membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe<br \/>\ndu panel du programme d\u2019exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\npratique; (PEP) intervieweur; membre de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9quipe du groupe de travail \u00ab Fa\u00e7onner<br \/>\nnotre avenir \u00bb; membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe du<br \/>\ngroupe de travail COVID-19; et pr\u00e9sident\/<br \/>\nco-pr\u00e9sident de divers comit\u00e9s nationaux<br \/>\n(communications et marketing, audit<br \/>\net finances, pratique professionnelle,<br \/>\nnominations et d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats).<\/p>\n<p>Vous \u00eates maintenant le pr\u00e9sident de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019ICE et vous faites partie du Comit\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>ex\u00e9cutif ainsi que des comit\u00e9s de la <\/p>\n<p>Pratique professionnelle, de l\u2019Audit <\/p>\n<p>et des Finances, de l\u2019Assurance et <\/p>\n<p>des Nominations. Quelles sont vos <\/p>\n<p>responsabilit\u00e9s dans ces domaines? <\/p>\n<p>JW : En tant que pr\u00e9sident national, je<br \/>\nsi\u00e8ge indirectement \u00e0 chaque comit\u00e9,<br \/>\nsi n\u00e9cessaire. J\u2019ai toujours appr\u00e9ci\u00e9<br \/>\nla diversit\u00e9 du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat au sein des <\/p>\n<p>diff\u00e9rents comit\u00e9s, panels ou groupes de<br \/>\ntravail, car chacun d\u2019entre eux vous met<br \/>\nau d\u00e9fi et vous fait sortir de votre zone de<br \/>\nconfort. Ma participation aux diff\u00e9rents<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9s, panels et groupes de travail<br \/>\nm\u2019a permis de mieux comprendre notre<br \/>\norganisation. Comme la plupart de mes<br \/>\npr\u00e9c\u00e9dents r\u00f4les de b\u00e9n\u00e9vole, j\u2019ai pour<br \/>\nt\u00e2che de fournir des contributions, des<br \/>\ncommentaires ou des suggestions sur<br \/>\ndes sujets sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<p>Comment r\u00e9sumez-vous votre <\/p>\n<p>exp\u00e9rience en tant que b\u00e9n\u00e9vole <\/p>\n<p>et ce que cette exp\u00e9rience vous <\/p>\n<p>a apport\u00e9 personnellement et <\/p>\n<p>professionnellement? <\/p>\n<p>JW : J\u2019en ai ador\u00e9 chaque minute. Cela a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 un d\u00e9fi parfois p\u00e9nible mais toujours<br \/>\nextr\u00eamement enrichissant. Beaucoup de<br \/>\nmes coll\u00e8gues b\u00e9n\u00e9voles m\u2019ont entendu<br \/>\ndire ceci &#8230; \u00ab si tout ce que j\u2019avais re\u00e7u du<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9volat \u00e9tait les grandes amiti\u00e9s et les<br \/>\nr\u00e9seaux de soutien que j\u2019ai acquis au fil des<br \/>\nans, j\u2019aurais \u00e9t\u00e9 largement SURPAY\u00c9 \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes toujours en proie <\/p>\n<p>\u00e0 une pand\u00e9mie mondiale qui a <\/p>\n<p>touch\u00e9 chacun d\u2019entre nous dans <\/p>\n<p>sa vie personnelle ainsi que dans <\/p>\n<p>la mani\u00e8re dont nous menons nos <\/p>\n<p>activit\u00e9s, individuellement et en <\/p>\n<p>tant qu\u2019organisation professionnelle. <\/p>\n<p>Maintenant que cela fait partie de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019\u00e9quation, quels sont, selon vous, <\/p>\n<p>les plus grands d\u00e9fis de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 <\/p>\n<p>venir pour vous en tant qu\u2019individu, <\/p>\n<p>pour l\u2019ICE, pour les \u00e9valuateurs de <\/p>\n<p>biens immobiliers en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et <\/p>\n<p>pour le secteur immobilier dans <\/p>\n<p>son ensemble? <\/p>\n<p>Si tout ce que j\u2019avais re\u00e7u du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat \u00e9tait les<br \/>\ngrandes amiti\u00e9s et les r\u00e9seaux de soutien que j\u2019ai<br \/>\nacquis au fil des ans, j\u2019aurais \u00e9t\u00e9 largement SURPAY\u00c9.  <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 13Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>JW : Mes d\u00e9fis personnels dans le<br \/>\nnouveau paysage COVID sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE dans son ensemble. Je pense<br \/>\npersonnellement que la pand\u00e9mie de<br \/>\nCOVID-19 a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement<br \/>\nle rythme du changement. Cela inclut<br \/>\nles inspections virtuelles, le travail<br \/>\n\u00e0 domicile, les r\u00e9unions sur Zoom et<br \/>\nd\u2019autres applications technologiques.<br \/>\nCes changements sont l\u00e0 pour rester.<br \/>\nDepuis des ann\u00e9es, voire des d\u00e9cennies,<br \/>\nnous parlons de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour les<br \/>\nmembres de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 un paysage<br \/>\nchangeant et \u00e0 la diversification de leurs<br \/>\noffres de services. Si certains membres<br \/>\nl\u2019ont fait, beaucoup ne l\u2019ont pas fait.<br \/>\nSi nous ne changeons pas la fa\u00e7on dont<br \/>\nnous exer\u00e7ons notre profession, nous ne<br \/>\nsurvivrons pas. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE est une organisation en <\/p>\n<p>constante \u00e9volution et, en 2019, un <\/p>\n<p>groupe de travail a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour <\/p>\n<p>examiner le secteur et \u00e9laborer des <\/p>\n<p>recommandations sur la mani\u00e8re <\/p>\n<p>dont l\u2019organisation peut mieux <\/p>\n<p>faciliter l\u2019adaptation des membres <\/p>\n<p>aux nouvelles r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu de la pand\u00e9mie, ce <\/p>\n<p>processus est-il toujours en cours? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Depuis plus de trois ans maintenant,<br \/>\nnotre plan strat\u00e9gique nous a guid\u00e9 pour<br \/>\nnous concentrer sur quatre piliers :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Des effectifs dynamiques et engag\u00e9s;<br \/>\n\u2022 La d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats des membres <\/p>\n<p>et de la profession;<br \/>\n\u2022 La reconnaissance des membres <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019ICE en tant que professionnels<br \/>\nde choix; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La diversification de la proposition de<br \/>\nvaleur du professionnel de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, nous avons<br \/>\nfait de grands progr\u00e8s dans chacun de<br \/>\nces domaines cl\u00e9s, mais, alors que nous<br \/>\ncommen\u00e7ons les travaux du groupe de<br \/>\ntravail \u00ab Fa\u00e7onner notre avenir \u00bb (compos\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019un groupe diversifi\u00e9 de repr\u00e9sentants<br \/>\ndes niveaux national et provincial de notre<br \/>\nassociation), nous nous dirigeons vers<br \/>\nde nouveaux territoires&#8230; vers l\u2019inconnu. <\/p>\n<p>Les quatre piliers ou principes ne<br \/>\ndispara\u00eetront pas, mais nos priorit\u00e9s en<br \/>\ntant qu\u2019organisation et profession devront<br \/>\nprobablement changer et \u00e9voluer avec<br \/>\nles changements du march\u00e9 et de la<br \/>\ntechnologie. Comme la plupart des choses<br \/>\nqui se passent dans notre vie quotidienne,<br \/>\nles travaux du groupe de travail ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nretard\u00e9s par la pand\u00e9mie. Pour aller de<br \/>\nl\u2019avant, nous devons nous engager avec le<br \/>\nplus grand nombre possible de membres<br \/>\nindividuels afin d\u2019identifier les objectifs et<br \/>\nles opportunit\u00e9s pour notre profession et<br \/>\nnotre organisation. Notre processus de<br \/>\nconsultation pourrait n\u00e9cessiter quelques<br \/>\najustements, mais nous esp\u00e9rons que les<br \/>\ntravaux du groupe de travail reprendront<br \/>\ndans les semaines \u00e0 venir. L\u2019une de mes<br \/>\nprincipales priorit\u00e9s, en tant que nouveau<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident, sera de soutenir le travail de ce<br \/>\ngroupe&#8230; Je crois honn\u00eatement que notre<br \/>\navenir en d\u00e9pend.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019ensemble, quelles sont, <\/p>\n<p>selon vous, les principales <\/p>\n<p>priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019Institut pour <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Nous sommes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 ce<br \/>\nqui est peut-\u00eatre les plus grands<br \/>\nd\u00e9fis de notre profession en 82 ans<br \/>\nd\u2019existence, mais je suis convaincu<br \/>\nque nous sommes \u00e0 la hauteur de<br \/>\nla t\u00e2che.<\/p>\n<p>On dit que le changement est<br \/>\nla seule constante. Il n\u2019y a pas<br \/>\nde preuve plus \u00e9vidente de cela<br \/>\nque ce que nous avons vu et v\u00e9cu<br \/>\ndepuis le mois de mars. Nous<br \/>\nconnaissons maintenant bien des<br \/>\ntermes tels que \u00ab distanciation<br \/>\nphysique \u00bb, \u00ab auto-quarantaine \u00bb,<br \/>\n\u00ab responsabilit\u00e9 sociale \u00bb et<br \/>\n\u00ab aplatissement de la courbe \u00bb. Il<br \/>\ny a quelques mois, aucun d\u2019entre<br \/>\nnous n\u2019avait probablement jamais<br \/>\nentendu parler de ces concepts. Nous<br \/>\nsommes maintenant pass\u00e9s de notre<br \/>\nmessage \u00ab Le changement arrive \u00bb<br \/>\n\u00e0 \u00ab Tout a chang\u00e9 \u00bb. Bien que l\u2019on ne<br \/>\nsache pas exactement combien de<br \/>\ntemps cela va durer ni dans quelle<br \/>\nmesure les choses vont changer \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019avenir, la seule chose sur laquelle<br \/>\nnous sommes tous d\u2019accord est<br \/>\npeut-\u00eatre le fait que les choses ne<br \/>\nreviendront probablement jamais \u00e0 ce<br \/>\nqu\u2019elles \u00e9taient. <\/p>\n<p>Ceci \u00e9tant dit, je pense que la<br \/>\nprincipale priorit\u00e9 de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\npour l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir est de laisser<br \/>\nle groupe de travail \u00ab Diriger le<br \/>\nchangement \u00bb poursuivre son mandat<br \/>\nen fournissant l\u2019aide et la contribution<br \/>\ndes membres de l\u2019ICE afin de<br \/>\nconcevoir un plan strat\u00e9gique pour<br \/>\nnous faire avancer dans le monde<br \/>\nmodifi\u00e9 par la COVID. Certains des<br \/>\nchangements propos\u00e9s par le groupe<br \/>\nde travail peuvent \u00eatre extr\u00eames,<br \/>\nmais nous devons examiner les<br \/>\nr\u00e9sultats avec un esprit ouvert<br \/>\ncar les choses ne reviendront pas<br \/>\ncomme au \u00ab bon vieux temps \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Je pense que la<br \/>\nprincipale priorit\u00e9<br \/>\nde l\u2019Institut pour<br \/>\nl\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e0 venir est<br \/>\nde laisser le groupe<br \/>\nde travail \u00ab Diriger<br \/>\nle changement \u00bb<br \/>\npoursuivre son mandat<br \/>\nen fournissant l\u2019aide<br \/>\net la contribution des<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE afin<br \/>\nde concevoir un plan<br \/>\nstrat\u00e9gique pour nous<br \/>\nfaire avancer dans le<br \/>\nmonde modifi\u00e9 par<br \/>\nla COVID. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 14 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est pourquoi nous devons mettre en veilleuse la<br \/>\npens\u00e9e conventionnelle, accepter et, lorsque c\u2019est<br \/>\npossible, embrasser ce qui se passe autour de nous,<br \/>\nadopter la technologie et s\u2019engager personnellement \u00e0<br \/>\ngrandir, \u00e0 \u00e9voluer et \u00e0 se diversifier avec le changement. <\/p>\n<p>LE COIN DE L\u2019EX\u00c9CUTIF<\/p>\n<p>Quelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9, selon vous, les <\/p>\n<p>principales r\u00e9alisations de l\u2019Institut <\/p>\n<p>au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e ou des deux <\/p>\n<p>derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Tout d\u2019abord, la promotion de<br \/>\nnos membres est maintenant une<br \/>\npartie importante de la culture de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE. A cet \u00e9gard, nous avons rafra\u00eechi<br \/>\nnotre site web et cr\u00e9\u00e9 le micro site<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/evaluexperts.ca\/. D\u2019autre part,<br \/>\nla visibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE continue de cro\u00eetre<br \/>\nsur toutes les facettes des m\u00e9dias<br \/>\nsociaux, y compris Twitter, Facebook,<br \/>\nLinkedIn, etc. <\/p>\n<p>Une deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9alisation majeure<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le domaine<br \/>\nde la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats. Il est<br \/>\nimportant de se rappeler que, bien<br \/>\nqu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019un marathon et non<br \/>\nd\u2019un sprint, nous sommes partis<br \/>\nen fl\u00e8che. Si vous vous souvenez,<br \/>\nlorsque le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a<br \/>\nannonc\u00e9 un nouveau programme<br \/>\npour les acheteurs d\u2019une premi\u00e8re<br \/>\nmaison dans le budget 2019, nous<br \/>\nvoulions nous assurer qu\u2019il y ait une<br \/>\nobligation d\u2019\u00e9valuation tout au long<br \/>\ndu cycle de ce programme. En ao\u00fbt<br \/>\ndernier, \u00e0 la suite des discussions et<br \/>\ndes soumissions de l\u2019ICE, la SCHL a<br \/>\nannonc\u00e9 les d\u00e9tails du programme<br \/>\nqui comprenaient l\u2019exigence d\u2019une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes<br \/>\ndu programme. <\/p>\n<p>De plus, au cours des trois derni\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es, le pr\u00e9sident et le directeur<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ICE ont comparu devant le<br \/>\nComit\u00e9 permanent des finances de la<br \/>\nChambre des communes (la derni\u00e8re<br \/>\nfois le 6 f\u00e9vrier 2020). Cette derni\u00e8re<br \/>\nintervention a fait en sorte que les<br \/>\ntrois recommandations de l\u2019ICE ont<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 largement cit\u00e9es dans le rapport<br \/>\ndu Comit\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Et bien s\u00fbr, la troisi\u00e8me journ\u00e9e<br \/>\nannuelle de l\u2019ICE sur la Colline qui<br \/>\ns\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier dernier, a<br \/>\npermis \u00e0 des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de tout le pays<br \/>\nde rencontrer plus de 25 d\u00e9put\u00e9s et<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentants \u00e9lus. <\/p>\n<p>Deux exemples r\u00e9cents de<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppements d\u00e9coulant de nos<br \/>\nefforts de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\nincluent : le bref discours du ministre<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9ral responsable de la SCHL et de<br \/>\nla strat\u00e9gie nationale du logement,<br \/>\nl\u2019honorable Hussein, lors de notre AGA<br \/>\nnationale, ainsi que le webinaire de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE avec le secr\u00e9taire parlementaire<br \/>\ndu ministre du Revenu national,<br \/>\nFrancesco Sorbara.<\/p>\n<p>Dans un an, lorsque vous <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e9fl\u00e9chirez \u00e0 votre mandat de <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9sident, quelle aura \u00e9t\u00e9, selon <\/p>\n<p>vous, la plus grande r\u00e9alisation de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019Institut au cours de cette p\u00e9riode? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Avoir apport\u00e9 une contribution<br \/>\net un soutien au mandat du groupe de<br \/>\ntravail dans la prestation de : <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Divers sc\u00e9narios dans le paysage<br \/>\nchangeant de l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e0 tous<br \/>\nles niveaux pour aider \u00e0 d\u00e9finir<br \/>\nl\u2019orientation future de l\u2019ICE et de<br \/>\nses membres;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La gouvernance et la structure<br \/>\norganisationnelle de l\u2019ICE afin<br \/>\nde devenir plus efficace dans la<br \/>\nprestation de ses services et de<br \/>\nses programmes;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 L\u2019ajustement et le recentrage des<br \/>\nressources de l\u2019ICE \u2013 y compris la<br \/>\nformation des membres de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\n&#8211; pour les aider \u00e0 diversifier leurs<br \/>\nservices afin de r\u00e9pondre aux<br \/>\nbesoins changeants du march\u00e9; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019impact de<br \/>\nla technologie sur la profession en<br \/>\ntermes quantifiables et qualitatifs.<\/p>\n<p>Quels conseils donneriez-vous aux <\/p>\n<p>nouveaux membres qui entrent dans la <\/p>\n<p>profession et aux membres existants <\/p>\n<p>pour aller de l\u2019avant? <\/p>\n<p>JW : Je persiste \u00e0 croire que c\u2019est une<br \/>\np\u00e9riode extr\u00eamement excitante pour \u00eatre<br \/>\ndans le monde de l\u2019\u00e9valuation. Je ne sais<br \/>\npas \u00e0 quoi ressemble \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9valuateur de<br \/>\nl\u2019avenir \u00bb, mais je sais \u2013 avec certitude \u2013<br \/>\n(comme la plupart des gens du secteur<br \/>\naujourd\u2019hui) qu\u2019il ou elle sera, selon toute<br \/>\nvraisemblance, tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent de ce \u00e0 quoi<br \/>\nressemblait un \u00e9valuateur dans le pass\u00e9 et<br \/>\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 maintenant.<\/p>\n<p>Je tiens \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser que je ne pr\u00e9tends<br \/>\npas avoir la solution \u00e0 tous les probl\u00e8mes<br \/>\nauxquels nous sommes confront\u00e9s<br \/>\naujourd\u2019hui dans notre secteur, mais je sais<br \/>\nqu\u2019il n\u2019existe pas de solution unique \u00e0 ce qui<br \/>\nnous attend. Ce que je ressens, c\u2019est que<br \/>\nle temps a pass\u00e9 et continuera \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner<br \/>\nnotre avenir, c\u2019est que les choses ont chang\u00e9<br \/>\net ne reviendront pas \u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles \u00e9taient.<br \/>\nC\u2019est pourquoi nous devons mettre en<br \/>\nveilleuse la pens\u00e9e conventionnelle, accepter<br \/>\net, lorsque c\u2019est possible, embrasser ce<br \/>\nqui se passe autour de nous, adopter la<br \/>\ntechnologie et s\u2019engager personnellement<br \/>\n\u00e0 grandir, \u00e0 \u00e9voluer et \u00e0 se diversifier avec<br \/>\nle changement. <\/p>\n<p>Comme je l\u2019avais d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans mes<br \/>\nremarques lors de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE en juin dernier &#8230; \u00ab J\u2019aimerais vous<br \/>\nlancer un d\u00e9fi &#8230; changez votre fa\u00e7on de<br \/>\npenser et vos comp\u00e9tences. Dans la vie, il y a<br \/>\ntant de portes \u00e0 ouvrir. Soyez un ouvreur de<br \/>\nportes et rappelez-vous que m\u00eame une toute<br \/>\npetite cl\u00e9 peut d\u00e9verrouiller la plus grande et<br \/>\nla plus lourde des portes! \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 15Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/evaluexperts.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>By Ryan Swehla, CCIM, CPM, co-founder and principal of Graceada Partners<br \/>\n(http:\/\/graceadapartners.com). Ryan co-leads the firm\u2019s investment activity,<br \/>\nprovides strategic direction and oversees capital sourcing for the company\u2019s  <\/p>\n<p>2,000,000 SF portfolio of Northern California assets. <\/p>\n<p>Office space<br \/>\ndesirability is  <\/p>\n<p>changing during<br \/>\nthe pandemic and  <\/p>\n<p>certain office types<br \/>\nare feeling the effects<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/graceadapartners.com<\/p>\n<p>It goes without saying that the Coronavirus pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of office space as we know it. While it is safe<br \/>\nto assume that a certain percentage of<br \/>\noffice users will change their building<br \/>\npreferences no matter what the<br \/>\ncircumstances, how the pandemic will<br \/>\naffect overall office demand will likely<br \/>\ndiffer more by office type than geographic<br \/>\nlocation, surprisingly enough. <\/p>\n<p>History tells us that trends come and go<br \/>\nrelative to the desirability of where people<br \/>\nlive and work. For example, 1947 was a<br \/>\nyear remembered for the construction of<br \/>\ncookie-cutter houses in North American<br \/>\nsuburbs. More recently, we have seen the<br \/>\nresurgence of urban housing development<br \/>\nand a renewed interest in urban dwelling.<br \/>\nSimilarly, in 1889, when the first high-rise<br \/>\noffice building was built in New York City,<br \/>\nit marked the beginning of the era of high-<br \/>\nrise office buildings that has since defined<br \/>\nmetropolitan skylines. Now, in 2020, with<br \/>\nthe emergence of a worldwide pandemic,<br \/>\nthere appears to be a major shift from the<br \/>\nera of office skyrise dominance.<\/p>\n<p> Here, we will take a look at three office<br \/>\ntypes: downtown high-rises, suburban<br \/>\nlow-rises and medical offices, to consider <\/p>\n<p>how their value and desirability are<br \/>\nchanging as a result of the pandemic. <\/p>\n<p>DOWNTOWN HIGH-RISES<br \/>\nOf the three office types, this is the<br \/>\ncategory that will see the greatest decline<br \/>\nin value and tenant demand. With the<br \/>\ninitial successes of some work-from-<br \/>\nhome models \u2013 perhaps to the surprise<br \/>\nof some employers \u2013 downgrading to<br \/>\na less expensive area and\/or office<br \/>\ntype will save on costs that were being<br \/>\nfunneled into now-optional office space for<br \/>\nsome employers. <\/p>\n<p>High-rises have always offered their<br \/>\nfair share of complications, even before<br \/>\nthe Coronavirus. They are notorious for<br \/>\nnot being easy to access; parking lots or<br \/>\nparking garages can be a nightmare to<br \/>\nnavigate; and public transportation offers<br \/>\nits own challenges, particularly now<br \/>\nwith its reduced appeal as a means of<br \/>\ncommuting amid the pandemic and<br \/>\nquite possibly afterward. Also,<br \/>\nsocial distancing in high-<br \/>\nrise offices poses more of<br \/>\na challenge given the<br \/>\nhigh density of people<br \/>\nwithin limited<br \/>\nsquare footage. <\/p>\n<p>The great office<br \/>\nspace realignment<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSocial distancing in<br \/>\nhigh\u2011rise offices poses<br \/>\nmore of a challenge given<br \/>\nthe high density of<br \/>\npeople within limited<br \/>\nsquare\u00a0footage.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 17Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>This constraint leads to growing problems<br \/>\nexacerbated by COVID-19. High-rises<br \/>\nhave many functional restraints beyond<br \/>\ntight hallways, cramped space in general<br \/>\ncommon areas, and tight layouts for<br \/>\ndesks. Air systems can keep old air<br \/>\ncirculating around the office, allowing<br \/>\nfor disease to spread more easily if the<br \/>\nfiltration system is out of date or faulty.<br \/>\nElevators are an intensified microcosm of<br \/>\nthis same issue. <\/p>\n<p>SUBURBAN LOW-RISES<br \/>\nCertain complexities of high-rise buildings<br \/>\nmay make some tenants reconsider<br \/>\nwhether or not high-rises are the best<br \/>\noption for them. Those looking for<br \/>\nmore space for employees may turn to<br \/>\nsecondary markets, which generally<br \/>\nconsist of low-rises in smaller urban<br \/>\nareas or suburban communities, and<br \/>\nthere is an abundance of options for<br \/>\nthose seeking low-rises in less densely<br \/>\npopulated areas in smaller cities, the<br \/>\nfringes of big cities, and the suburbs.<br \/>\nAs a result, we may see increased<br \/>\ndemand for suburban low-rises in<br \/>\nthe short-term (which may result in<br \/>\nupward price movement for a period of<br \/>\ntime). Subsequently it will likely take<br \/>\ntime for high-rise demand to increase<br \/>\nagain, particularly in the short-term,<br \/>\nas businesses look for ways to keep<br \/>\nemployees safe and consider more<br \/>\naffordable, expansive office space in<br \/>\nthe suburbs. <\/p>\n<p>While high-rises may still attract<br \/>\nbigger companies that value in-person<br \/>\nwork environments and the prestige of<br \/>\nbeing located on prime strips of real<br \/>\nestate, businesses renting in low-rises<br \/>\nin smaller urban cities or suburbs may<br \/>\nappreciate the flexibility of leasing a<br \/>\nspace away from the density of a major<br \/>\nurban market. Typically, there is more <\/p>\n<p>land in these areas, allowing for COVID-<br \/>\nconscious blueprints for new construction<br \/>\nor renovations. Moreover, if and when<br \/>\nworkers move from primary markets to<br \/>\nsmaller cities or suburbs, businesses<br \/>\nmay want to meet talent where they live.<br \/>\nIf we see an extended shift in demand<br \/>\nfrom large city, high-rise locations, we<br \/>\nwill likely see some rent readjustment in<br \/>\nboth locations.<\/p>\n<p>MEDICAL OFFICES<br \/>\nA third office type to consider is medical<br \/>\noffices. These range from dental<br \/>\nto therapeutic, clinical to surgeon<br \/>\nspecialists. The medical field is only<br \/>\nanticipated to grow, and the pandemic has<br \/>\naccelerated this trend. With the increase<br \/>\nin demand for medical offices, there will<br \/>\nundoubtedly be an increased need to<br \/>\ndevelop more medical office locations.<br \/>\nTo accommodate the demand, new offices<br \/>\nare being built and will continue to be built<br \/>\ninto the foreseeable future. The need for<br \/>\nthese commercial spaces is expected to<br \/>\nsurge as Canada\u2019s population grows older,<br \/>\naccording to The Globe and Mail. During<br \/>\nthe pandemic, low-rise, and specifically<br \/>\nsingle-storey medical offices have the<br \/>\nability to let people wait outside if there<br \/>\nare too many people inside the office or<br \/>\nwaiting room. This is a luxury not afforded<br \/>\nto medical offices located in high-rises<br \/>\nand\/or in crowded cities.<\/p>\n<p>With these three office types in mind,<br \/>\nit is important to look at another side of<br \/>\nreal estate: homeowners and the housing<br \/>\nmarket. Noticing trends in residential real<br \/>\nestate gives us a more complete picture.<br \/>\nTake Toronto, for example; in a handful of<br \/>\nmunicipalities outside of Canada\u2019s largest<br \/>\ncity, housing sales were up more than 40%<br \/>\ncompared to last year (this is as of the<br \/>\nbeginning of July 2020), according to an<br \/>\narticle on Global News. This shows a trend <\/p>\n<p>of more people moving to suburban or rural<br \/>\nareas, in part because their jobs allow for<br \/>\ngreater work-from-home flexibility. <\/p>\n<p>And a recent CNBC article points<br \/>\nto a short-term trend of more office<br \/>\ndevelopment in the suburbs. With people<br \/>\nmoving to suburbs or smaller secondary<br \/>\nmarkets like Windsor \u2013 where the average<br \/>\nhome price has increased by 19% since<br \/>\nJune 2019 \u2013 the desire to shift away from<br \/>\nhigh-rises to suburban offices could<br \/>\ncontinue, also driving up construction<br \/>\ndemand for more low-rise office space<br \/>\ncloser to where these people now live.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these short-term office and<br \/>\nreal estate trends could have long-term<br \/>\nramifications. According to Healthline.com,<br \/>\nit takes an average of 66 days to establish<br \/>\na good habit as a routine. With social<br \/>\ndistancing and mask wearing orders<br \/>\nhaving been in place in some parts of<br \/>\nthe country for several months now, this<br \/>\nmight suggest that the COVID mentality<br \/>\nwill outlive the pandemic. However, those<br \/>\nwho have stuck with a diet or workout<br \/>\nregimen for more than two months only to<br \/>\nbackslide thereafter know that habits can<br \/>\ndie quickly. There is always a chance that<br \/>\npeople\u2019s daily outlook living and working<br \/>\nthrough the pandemic will fade away once<br \/>\nofficials ease restrictions and we return<br \/>\nto some measure of normalcy. For some<br \/>\nindividuals and businesses, this will be the<br \/>\ncase. However, enough people have already<br \/>\nsubconsciously altered how they think<br \/>\nand act because of the pandemic (such as<br \/>\nmoving away from cities on relatively short<br \/>\nnotice) that it may take longer to return<br \/>\nto a pre-COVID-19 mentality \u2013 if we ever<br \/>\nactually return to one. <\/p>\n<p>The decisions of those businesses and<br \/>\npeople who change where they work and<br \/>\nlive may very well impact the desirability<br \/>\nand value of office buildings across the<br \/>\ncountry for years to come. <\/p>\n<p>\u201c&#8230;it will likely take time for high\u2011rise demand to increase<br \/>\nagain, particularly in the short\u2011term, as businesses look for<br \/>\nways to keep employees safe and consider more affordable,<br \/>\nexpansive office space in the\u00a0suburbs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Le grand r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement<br \/>\ndes espaces de bureau <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 18 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Il va sans dire que la pand\u00e9mie de coronavirus aura un impact durable sur l\u2019avenir des bureaux tels que nous les connaissons. Bien qu\u2019il soit prudent<br \/>\nde supposer qu\u2019un certain pourcentage<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisateurs de bureaux changera leurs<br \/>\npr\u00e9f\u00e9rences en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immeuble<br \/>\nquelles que soient les circonstances,<br \/>\nla fa\u00e7on dont la pand\u00e9mie affectera la<br \/>\ndemande globale de bureaux diff\u00e9rera<br \/>\nprobablement davantage selon le type de<br \/>\nbureau que l\u2019emplacement g\u00e9ographique,<br \/>\nce qui est assez surprenant.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019histoire nous apprend que les<br \/>\ntendances vont et viennent par rapport \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de vivre et de travailler. Par<br \/>\nexemple, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1947 fut m\u00e9morable pour<br \/>\nle d\u00e9but de la construction de maisons \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019emporte-pi\u00e8ce dans les banlieues nord-<br \/>\nam\u00e9ricaines. Plus r\u00e9cemment, nous avons<br \/>\nassist\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9surgence du d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\ndu logement urbain et \u00e0 un regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat<br \/>\npour l\u2019habitat urbain. De m\u00eame, en 1889,<br \/>\nlorsque le premier immeuble de bureaux<br \/>\nde grande hauteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit \u00e0<br \/>\nNew York, il a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e8re des <\/p>\n<p>Ryan Swehla, CCIM, CPM, est co-fondateur et directeur<br \/>\nde Graceada Partners (http:\/\/graceadapartners.com).<br \/>\nIl co-dirige l\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019investissement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, fournit<br \/>\nune direction strat\u00e9gique et supervise la recherche de<br \/>\ncapitaux pour le portefeuille de 2 000 000 SF d\u2019actifs de la<br \/>\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9 en Californie du Nord.<\/p>\n<p>Le grand r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement<br \/>\ndes espaces de bureau <\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 des<br \/>\nespaces de bureau  <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9volue pendant<br \/>\nla pand\u00e9mie et  <\/p>\n<p>certains types de<br \/>\nbureaux en  <\/p>\n<p>ressentent les effets<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 19Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/graceadapartners.com<\/p>\n<p>immeubles de bureaux de grande hauteur<br \/>\nqui, depuis, ont d\u00e9fini les lignes d\u2019horizon<br \/>\nm\u00e9tropolitaines. Maintenant, en 2020, avec<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une pand\u00e9mie mondiale, il<br \/>\nsemble y avoir un changement majeur par<br \/>\nrapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re de la domination du bureau<br \/>\nen fl\u00e8che.<\/p>\n<p>Nous allons examiner ici trois types<br \/>\nde bureaux : les gratte-ciels du centre-<br \/>\nville, les immeubles de faible hauteur<br \/>\nen banlieue et les cabinets m\u00e9dicaux,<br \/>\nafin d\u2019\u00e9tudier comment leur valeur et<br \/>\nleur d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 changent par suite de<br \/>\nla pand\u00e9mie. <\/p>\n<p>LES GRATTE-CIEL DU CENTRE-VILLE<br \/>\nC\u2019est la cat\u00e9gorie qui conna\u00eetra la plus<br \/>\nforte baisse de la valeur et de la demande<br \/>\ndes locataires parmi les trois types. Avec<br \/>\nles succ\u00e8s initiaux de certains mod\u00e8les de<br \/>\ntravail \u00e0 domicile &#8211; peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 la surprise<br \/>\nde certains employeurs &#8211; le d\u00e9classement<br \/>\nvers un espace et(ou) un type de bureau<br \/>\nmoins co\u00fbteux permettra d\u2019\u00e9conomiser<br \/>\nles co\u00fbts qui \u00e9taient canalis\u00e9s vers des<br \/>\nespaces de bureau d\u00e9sormais facultatifs<br \/>\npour certains employeurs.<\/p>\n<p>Les immeubles de grande hauteur ont<br \/>\ntoujours offert leur part de complications,<br \/>\nm\u00eame avant le coronavirus. Elles sont<br \/>\nr\u00e9put\u00e9es pour leur difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s.<br \/>\nDans certaines grandes villes, les<br \/>\nstationnements ou les garages peuvent<br \/>\n\u00eatre un cauchemar \u00e0 naviguer, et les<br \/>\ntransports publics pr\u00e9sentent leurs<br \/>\npropres difficult\u00e9s. Les transports<br \/>\npublics peuvent \u00eatre une forme de<br \/>\ntransport moins attrayante au milieu de<br \/>\nla pand\u00e9mie et m\u00eame apr\u00e8s. En outre, la<br \/>\ndistanciation physique dans les bureaux<br \/>\nde grande hauteur pose davantage de<br \/>\nprobl\u00e8mes \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 la forte densit\u00e9<br \/>\nde personnes sur une surface limit\u00e9e.<br \/>\nCette contrainte conduit \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes<br \/>\ncroissants exacerb\u00e9s par la COVID-19.<br \/>\nLes immeubles de grande hauteur<br \/>\npr\u00e9sentent de nombreuses contraintes<br \/>\nfonctionnelles au-del\u00e0 des couloirs \u00e9troits,<br \/>\ndes espaces restreints dans les zones<br \/>\ncommunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rales et des agencements <\/p>\n<p>serr\u00e9s pour les bureaux. Les syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nd\u2019a\u00e9ration peuvent maintenir l\u2019ancien<br \/>\nair en circulation dans les bureaux, ce<br \/>\nqui permet aux maladies de se propager<br \/>\nbeaucoup plus facilement si le syst\u00e8me<br \/>\nde filtration est d\u00e9suet ou d\u00e9fectueux.<br \/>\nLes ascenseurs sont un microcosme de<br \/>\nce m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. <\/p>\n<p>LES IMMEUBLES DE FAIBLE<br \/>\nHAUTEUR EN BANLIEUE<br \/>\nCertaines des complexit\u00e9s inh\u00e9rentes aux<br \/>\nimmeubles de grande hauteur peuvent<br \/>\namener certains locataires \u00e0 reconsid\u00e9rer<br \/>\nsi les immeubles de grande hauteur sont<br \/>\nou non la meilleure option pour eux.<br \/>\nCeux qui recherchent plus d\u2019espace pour<br \/>\nleurs employ\u00e9s peuvent se tourner vers<br \/>\nles march\u00e9s secondaires, qui consistent<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en des immeubles de<br \/>\nfaible hauteur dans une zone urbaine plus<br \/>\npetite ou une communaut\u00e9 de banlieue.<br \/>\nIl existe une abondance d\u2019options pour<br \/>\nceux qui recherchent des immeubles<br \/>\nde faible hauteur dans des zones moins<br \/>\ndens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9es dans les petites<br \/>\nvilles, en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie des grandes villes<br \/>\net dans les banlieues. En cons\u00e9quence,<br \/>\nnous pourrions assister, \u00e0 court terme,<br \/>\n\u00e0 une augmentation de la demande<br \/>\nd\u2019immeubles de faible hauteur en banlieue<br \/>\n(ce qui pourrait entra\u00eener une hausse<br \/>\ndes prix pendant un certain temps). Il<br \/>\nfaudra probablement du temps pour que<br \/>\nla demande de hautes tours augmente \u00e0<br \/>\nnouveau, en particulier \u00e0 court terme, car<br \/>\nles entreprises cherchent des moyens<br \/>\nd\u2019assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs employ\u00e9s et<br \/>\nenvisagent de disperser leurs bureaux en<br \/>\nbanlieue, \u00e0 des prix plus abordables. <\/p>\n<p>Les hautes tours peuvent encore attirer<br \/>\nde grandes entreprises qui appr\u00e9cient les<br \/>\nenvironnements de travail en personne et<br \/>\nle prestige d\u2019\u00eatre situ\u00e9es \u00e0 une adresse<br \/>\nprestigieuse au c\u0153ur d\u2019une grande ville.<br \/>\nDe m\u00eame, les entreprises qui louent<br \/>\ndes immeubles de faible hauteur dans<br \/>\ndes villes plus petites ou en banlieue<br \/>\npeuvent appr\u00e9cier la flexibilit\u00e9 de louer<br \/>\nun espace loin de la compacit\u00e9 d\u2019un <\/p>\n<p>grand march\u00e9 urbain. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, il y<br \/>\na plus de terrains dans ces zones, ce<br \/>\nqui permet d\u2019\u00e9tablir des plans tenant<br \/>\ncompte de la COVID pour les nouvelles<br \/>\nconstructions ou les r\u00e9novations. En outre,<br \/>\nsi et quand les travailleurs quittent les<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9s primaires pour des villes ou des<br \/>\nbanlieues plus petites, les entreprises<br \/>\npeuvent vouloir rencontrer des talents<br \/>\nl\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils vivent. Si nous constatons un<br \/>\nd\u00e9placement prolong\u00e9 vers les banlieues<br \/>\nde la demande de tours de location dans<br \/>\nles grandes villes, nous assisterons<br \/>\nprobablement \u00e0 un certain rajustement<br \/>\ndes loyers dans les deux endroits. <\/p>\n<p>BUREAUX M\u00c9DICAUX<br \/>\nUn troisi\u00e8me type de bureau \u00e0 prendre<br \/>\nen consid\u00e9ration est celui des cabinets<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicaux. Ceux-ci vont des cabinets<br \/>\ndentaires aux cabinets th\u00e9rapeutiques,<br \/>\ndes cabinets cliniques aux cabinets de<br \/>\nchirurgiens sp\u00e9cialistes. Le domaine<br \/>\nm\u00e9dical ne fait que cro\u00eetre, et la pand\u00e9mie<br \/>\nn\u2019a fait qu\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer cette tendance.<br \/>\nL\u2019augmentation de la demande de bureaux<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicaux sugg\u00e8re un besoin accru de<br \/>\nd\u00e9velopper davantage de sites de bureaux<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicaux. De nouveaux bureaux sont en<br \/>\ncours de construction \u2013 et continueront<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre dans un avenir pr\u00e9visible &#8211; pour<br \/>\nr\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande. Selon le Globe<br \/>\nand Mail, le besoin de ces espaces<br \/>\ncommerciaux devrait augmenter \u00e0 mesure<br \/>\nque la population canadienne vieillit. <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La distanciation <\/p>\n<p>physique dans les bureaux <\/p>\n<p>de grande hauteur pose <\/p>\n<p>davantage de probl\u00e8mes <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9tant donn\u00e9 la forte <\/p>\n<p>densit\u00e9 de personnes sur <\/p>\n<p>une surface limit\u00e9e. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 20 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Pendant la pand\u00e9mie, les bureaux<br \/>\nm\u00e9dicaux de faible hauteur, et plus<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8rement ceux d\u2019un seul \u00e9tage, ont<br \/>\nla possibilit\u00e9 de laisser les gens attendre<br \/>\ndehors s\u2019il y a trop de monde \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur<br \/>\ndu bureau ou de la salle d\u2019attente. C\u2019est un<br \/>\nluxe que n\u2019ont pas les cabinets m\u00e9dicaux<br \/>\nsitu\u00e9s dans les tours et(ou) dans les<br \/>\nvilles surpeupl\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>En gardant ces trois types de bureaux<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019esprit, il est important d\u2019examiner<br \/>\nun autre aspect de l\u2019immobilier : les<br \/>\npropri\u00e9taires et le march\u00e9 du logement.<br \/>\nEn observant les tendances de<br \/>\nl\u2019immobilier r\u00e9sidentiel, on obtient une<br \/>\nimage plus compl\u00e8te. Prenez Toronto,<br \/>\npar exemple; dans une poign\u00e9e de<br \/>\nmunicipalit\u00e9s situ\u00e9es en dehors de la<br \/>\nplus grande ville du Canada, les ventes de<br \/>\nlogements ont augment\u00e9 de plus de 40 %<br \/>\npar rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re (c\u2019est-\u00e0-<br \/>\ndire au d\u00e9but du mois de juillet 2020),<br \/>\nselon un article du Global News. Cela<br \/>\nmontre une tendance \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation du<br \/>\nnombre de personnes qui se d\u00e9placent<br \/>\nvers les banlieues ou les zones rurales,<br \/>\nen partie parce que leur emploi permet<br \/>\nune plus grande flexibilit\u00e9 du travail<br \/>\n\u00e0 domicile. <\/p>\n<p>De plus, un r\u00e9cent article de<br \/>\nCNBC souligne une tendance \u00e0 court<br \/>\nterme de l\u2019augmentation du nombre<br \/>\nde bureaux dans les banlieues. Avec<br \/>\nle d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement des gens vers<br \/>\nles banlieues ou vers des march\u00e9s<br \/>\nsecondaires plus petits comme Windsor \u2013<br \/>\no\u00f9 le prix moyen des maisons a augment\u00e9<br \/>\nde 19 % depuis juin 2019 \u2013 le d\u00e9sir de<br \/>\npasser des tours d\u2019habitation aux bureaux<br \/>\nde banlieue pourrait se poursuivre,<br \/>\nce qui entra\u00eenerait \u00e9galement une<br \/>\naugmentation de la demande de<br \/>\nconstruction de bureaux de<br \/>\nfaible hauteur plus pr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nl\u2019endroit o\u00f9 ces personnes<br \/>\nvivent maintenant. <\/p>\n<p>Certaines de ces<br \/>\ntendances \u00e0 court<br \/>\nterme dans le<br \/>\ndomaine des <\/p>\n<p>bureaux et de l\u2019immobilier pourraient<br \/>\navoir des ramifications \u00e0 long terme.<br \/>\nSelon Healthline.com, il faut en<br \/>\nmoyenne 66 jours pour prendre une<br \/>\nbonne habitude et en faire une routine.<br \/>\nLa distanciation physique et le port du<br \/>\nmasque \u00e9tant en place dans certaines<br \/>\nr\u00e9gions du pays depuis plusieurs mois,<br \/>\ncela pourrait laisser pr\u00e9sager que la<br \/>\nmentalit\u00e9 COVID survivra \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie.<br \/>\nCependant, ceux qui, apr\u00e8s avoir suivi un<br \/>\nr\u00e9gime alimentaire ou un programme<br \/>\nd\u2019entra\u00eenement pendant plus de deux<br \/>\nmois, ont r\u00e9gress\u00e9, savent que les<br \/>\nhabitudes peuvent mourir rapidement.<br \/>\nIl est toujours possible que la perspective<br \/>\nquotidienne des gens qui ont v\u00e9cu et<br \/>\ntravaill\u00e9 pendant la pand\u00e9mie s\u2019estompe<br \/>\nune fois que les autorit\u00e9s auront<br \/>\nassoupli les restrictions et que nous<br \/>\naurons retrouv\u00e9 un certain sentiment de<br \/>\nnormalit\u00e9. Ce sera le cas pour certaines<br \/>\npersonnes et entreprises. Toutefois,<br \/>\nsuffisamment de personnes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0<br \/>\nmodifi\u00e9 inconsciemment leur<br \/>\nfa\u00e7on de penser et d\u2019agir en<br \/>\nraison de la pand\u00e9mie (par<br \/>\nexemple en quittant les<br \/>\nvilles dans un d\u00e9lai<br \/>\nrelativement court)<br \/>\npour qu\u2019il faille<br \/>\nplus de temps<br \/>\npour revenir<br \/>\n\u00e0 la <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Il faudra probablement du temps pour que la demande <\/p>\n<p>de hautes tours augmente \u00e0 nouveau, en particulier \u00e0 court <\/p>\n<p>terme, car les entreprises cherchent des moyens d\u2019assurer la <\/p>\n<p>s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs employ\u00e9s et envisagent de disperser leurs <\/p>\n<p>bureaux en banlieue, \u00e0 des prix plus abordables. \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Il faudra probablement du temps pour que la demande <\/p>\n<p>de hautes tours augmente \u00e0 nouveau, en particulier \u00e0 court <\/p>\n<p>terme, car les entreprises cherchent des moyens d\u2019assurer la <\/p>\n<p>s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs employ\u00e9s et envisagent de disperser leurs <\/p>\n<p>bureaux en banlieue, \u00e0 des prix plus abordables. \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>mentalit\u00e9 d\u2019avant la COVID-19 \u2013 si jamais<br \/>\nnous y revenons r\u00e9ellement. <\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9cisions des entreprises et des<br \/>\npersonnes qui changent de lieu de travail<br \/>\net de r\u00e9sidence pourraient tr\u00e8s bien<br \/>\navoir un impact sur l\u2019opportunit\u00e9<br \/>\net la valeur des immeubles de<br \/>\nbureaux dans tout le pays pour<br \/>\nles ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 21Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Nunavut Territory is huge. It spans three time <\/p>\n<p>zones over some 2.093 million square kilometres. <\/p>\n<p>That amounts to 21% of Canada\u2019s entire land area. <\/p>\n<p>Yet, there are only around 38,000 people that call <\/p>\n<p>Nunavut home. In perspective, if you invited all of <\/p>\n<p>these people to a Toronto Blue Jay\u2019s baseball game <\/p>\n<p>at the Rogers Centre in Toronto (capacity 53,500 <\/p>\n<p>people), there would still be lots of seats available. <\/p>\n<p>This article will focus on land and tenure in Nunavut <\/p>\n<p>from an appraiser\u2019s perspective.<\/p>\n<p>Aspects of appraising in <\/p>\n<p>Nunavut<br \/>\nBY John E. Farmer, AACI, P. App., MRICS, Q.Arb<\/p>\n<p>In<br \/>\nt<\/p>\n<p>r<br \/>\no<\/p>\n<p>d<br \/>\nu<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\nt<\/p>\n<p>io<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 23Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Transportation and<br \/>\nconstruction materials<br \/>\nAir travel is crucial to getting around in the North, because there<br \/>\nare no roads between the main Arctic communities. Larger bulk<br \/>\ndeliveries of construction materials, vehicles, heavy equipment,<br \/>\nhousewares and non-perishable items, etc., are supplied by<br \/>\nSealift to communities. Depending upon sea ice conditions, Sealift<br \/>\nservices the North between late June and late October. It remains<br \/>\nthe most economical way to transport bulk goods to the Arctic.<br \/>\nBut, with such a narrow operating window, the more remote<br \/>\nnorthern communities may only get one delivery a year. New<br \/>\nconstruction projects need considerable logistical planning, as a<br \/>\nmissed pallet of windows could result in an expensive airfare to<br \/>\nmaintain a tight construction timeline. <\/p>\n<p>Compared to a construction budget for a project in the South,<br \/>\nwork in the North would likely include significant additional<br \/>\ncosts for materials transportation (via Sealift), flights and<br \/>\naccommodation for trades, winter heating costs, etc., that can<br \/>\npush the cost up 25% or more. A prudent appraiser should run a<br \/>\ncost approach in his or her analysis, since the simple Principle of<br \/>\nSubstitution is a key metric to identifying market value.<\/p>\n<p>Nunavut Land Claims Agreement<br \/>\nNunavut Day is celebrated every year on July 9, marking the<br \/>\nday that the Canadian Parliament passed the Nunavut Land<br \/>\nClaims Agreement Act (NLCA) and the Nunavut Act. <\/p>\n<p>Nunavut officially separated from the Northwest Territories<br \/>\non April 1, 1999. The NLCA remains the largest land claim in<br \/>\nCanadian history and appraisers working there need to be<br \/>\naware that they are at all times guests of the Inuit, and the<br \/>\nproperties that they appraise are, in most cases, subject to<br \/>\nland leases granted by the Inuit.<\/p>\n<p>The 41 articles of the NLCA addressed a range of<br \/>\npolitical and environmental rights and concerns, including<br \/>\nwildlife management and harvesting rights, land, water and<br \/>\nenvironmental management regimes, parks and conservation<br \/>\nareas, heritage resources, public sector employment<br \/>\nand contracting, and other issues, such as title to Inuit<br \/>\nowned lands.<\/p>\n<p>The main features of the agreement were:<br \/>\n\u2022 NLCA gave the Inuit of Nunavut title to approximately <\/p>\n<p>350,000 km\u00b2 of land, of which 35,257 km\u00b2<br \/>\ninclude mineral rights;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The right to harvest wildlife on lands and waters<br \/>\nthroughout the Territory;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A share of royalties from oil, gas and mineral<br \/>\ndevelopment on Crown lands;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The right to negotiate with industry for economic<br \/>\nand social benefits from the development of non-<br \/>\nrenewable resources on Inuit owned lands;<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 24 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Equal representation of Inuit with the government on<br \/>\nnew management boards overseeing wildlife, resources<br \/>\nand environmental management;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The creation of three federally funded national parks; and<br \/>\n\u2022 Capital transfer payments for the establishment of the <\/p>\n<p>Government of Nunavut.<\/p>\n<p>Municipal land<br \/>\nArticle 14.8 of the NLCA speaks to the Limits on Alienation of<br \/>\nMunicipal Lands. In effect, \u201cthe Municipal Corporation shall not<br \/>\nsell, assign, or create any interest or rights in such lands that:<br \/>\n(a) exceed 99 years in duration, including any period of renewal;<br \/>\nor b) arise more than 99 years in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, the NLCA allowed for a referendum \u201cat any time<br \/>\nafter 20 years\u201d in order to allow municipal voters to elect by<br \/>\nreferendum to remove this restriction. A referendum took place<br \/>\nin 2016 with the vote in favour of keeping the status quo. <\/p>\n<p>Standard land leases<br \/>\nMuch of the land in the Territory is designated either Inuit owned<br \/>\nor Crown land, so it is unlikely that an appraiser will find the<br \/>\nsubject property on fee simple title. There are a few fee simple<br \/>\ntitled parcels in Iqaluit, but they are unlikely to be held by non-<br \/>\nInuit individuals or non-Inuit corporate entities. The Constitution<br \/>\nAct requires Senate appointees to own at least $4,000 worth of<br \/>\nland. In 2016, Nunavut Senator Dennis Patterson put forward<br \/>\na motion to amend the Constitution Act in light of the issues<br \/>\nsurrounding the interpretation of \u2018owning land\u2019 in Nunavut.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to the establishment of Nunavut in 1999, many land<br \/>\nleases had mostly been granted by the Commissioner for<br \/>\nthe Northwest Territories. These simple land lease documents<br \/>\nwere structured upon basic parameters, such as stating a term<br \/>\nof years certain (usually 30 years) and an annual rent (subject to<br \/>\namendment every five years). <\/p>\n<p>The adjustment to the rental rate was based upon an<br \/>\namendment issued by the Deputy Minister. In the leases I have<br \/>\nreviewed, there was no arbitration clause, just provision for<br \/>\n\u201cthe determination of the fair appraised value will be made by the<br \/>\nSupreme Court of the Northwest Territories\u201d if the tenant does<br \/>\nnot find the new rate acceptable.<\/p>\n<p>Standard land leases typically include a \u2018Land Use\u2019 clause<br \/>\ndetermining the category of occupancy (residential, industrial,<br \/>\ncommercial, etc.), which is usually aligned with the municipal<br \/>\nplan. This makes the highest and best use of the land as though<br \/>\nvacant analysis somewhat moot, as the use of the land is bound to<br \/>\nthe permitted use caveat in the lease.<\/p>\n<p>The lease may include a construction clause, as the expectation<br \/>\nis that someone occupying the land would be expected to follow<br \/>\nthrough with building something on that land. The construction<br \/>\nclause not only mentions the expected minimum value of<br \/>\nthe construction project, but also the time limit to complete<br \/>\nconstruction (typically two years) with work starting within six<br \/>\nmonths of the effective date of the start of the lease. If the tenant<br \/>\nfails to build, there is a clause that potentially terminates the lease.<br \/>\nFrom a municipal land management perspective, this ensures that<br \/>\nthe land is fully utilized to the benefit of the community.<\/p>\n<p>Standard land leases also consider what happens to the<br \/>\nimprovements on the land at the end of the term. Provisions<br \/>\nmay set the assumption that the land will be returned to its<br \/>\noriginal state (all improvements removed, although not including<br \/>\nany land fill for roads, foundations, etc. that might still be<br \/>\nuseful) and deliver up the land in a condition satisfactory to the<br \/>\nDeputy Minister.<\/p>\n<p>Standard land leases I have seen did not include a renewal<br \/>\nclause, meaning that the tenant would need to renegotiate a<br \/>\nnew lease without any guarantee that they could continue at the<br \/>\nlocation beyond the term of the original lease.<\/p>\n<p>As communities grow, municipalities will devise plans<br \/>\nto create lots for future use and offer them for lease. The<br \/>\nmunicipality will front-end the cost to create the roads and install<br \/>\nthe power lines within these expansion areas. Note that not all<br \/>\ncommunities have underground water and sewer services, and<br \/>\nbuildings without underground connections are thus provided<br \/>\nwith water\/sanitary services by tanker service to supply and<br \/>\nextract (although not at the same time to the same truck). Heating<br \/>\nutilities typically include an oil-fired boiler or furnace with on-site<br \/>\nheating oil storage tank. Solar power would be a challenge during<br \/>\nthe winter months, for obvious reasons.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 25Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>It is worth mentioning that many buildings are constructed<br \/>\nabove the ground, supported on a steel frame and steel piles<br \/>\ndriven down to bedrock. This allows for the land to be developed<br \/>\nabove typically steep terrain. The purpose of the air gap is to<br \/>\nprevent heating the perma-frost layers below, as this would result<br \/>\nin the ground heaving. If you ever get to Iqaluit, check out the new<br \/>\n(2018) Aquatic Centre with six-lane 25-metre pool and leisure<br \/>\nfacilities, all constructed above ground, with an air gap under<br \/>\nthe building superstructure. Some buildings are constructed on<br \/>\nthe ground, such as the new terminal building. However, if you<br \/>\nlook closely, they feature the \u2018Thermosyphon system\u2019 passive<br \/>\ncooling technology.<\/p>\n<p>Incidentally, buildings are sequentially numbered in the<br \/>\ncommunities. That way, the fire service can find the exact location<br \/>\nof the house or building.<\/p>\n<p>Post NLCA land leases<br \/>\nAfter the proclamation of the NLCA Act and the Nunavut Act,<br \/>\nmunicipal corporations updated bylaws to provide greater<br \/>\nclarity to align to this new legislation. While they had powers (for<br \/>\nexample, under the Hamlets Act), the hamlets wanted to establish<br \/>\nan updated uniform process for the disposal of real property<br \/>\nowned, leased or otherwise held by a municipality. For example,<br \/>\nthe Municipal Corporation of the Hamlet of Pond Inlet through its<br \/>\nLands Administration Bylaw (approved Feb 2, 2002) highlights<br \/>\nsome of the provisions of note to the appraiser.<\/p>\n<p>In the Pond Inlet Bylaw, pricing of new lots (developed after<br \/>\nMay 31, 1997), is based upon known development costs, including<br \/>\nallowances for site specific factors. These specific factors include<br \/>\nsize of parcel, condition, desirability of location, adjacent land<br \/>\nusers, historical use of the lot, and proposed land uses. The<br \/>\nadjustment can be applied either by adding or subtracting 25% of<br \/>\nthe development costs of new lots.<\/p>\n<p>Since a new lot is priced on the basis of development costs,<br \/>\nan \u2018old lot\u2019 could potentially have had its development costs paid<br \/>\nout. The Bylaw considers this and states that the lot price will be<br \/>\ndetermined by either the replacement cost or the market value as<br \/>\ndetermined by a qualified land appraiser or assessor, or a calling<br \/>\nfor bids by public tender (with the proviso that the reserve is not<br \/>\nless than the replacement cost).<\/p>\n<p>Equity leases<br \/>\nAn equity lease allows the lessee to pay the entire balance of the<br \/>\nlot price and off-site levies upon signing the lease. This \u2018front-<br \/>\nending\u2019 of the rent is considered to be the tenant\u2019s equity in future<br \/>\noccupancy of the land. <\/p>\n<p>There remains the provision that the tenant pays an annual<br \/>\nrental fee. In Iqaluit, the annual rental fee may be $1.00 per<br \/>\nannum. In Pond Inlet, it is $50.00 per annum, as per the Bylaw.<\/p>\n<p>Under the NLCA, at any time after 20 years a referendum<br \/>\nmay be held on whether to maintain or change the Territory\u2019s<br \/>\nleasehold title system. There was a vote in 2016 on the question <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 26 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u201cdo you want the municipality of (city or hamlet name) to be able<br \/>\nto sell municipal lands?\u201d The result was \u201cNo.\u201d The NLCA leaves<br \/>\nopen the possibility that future referendums can still take place<br \/>\n(any time after the 20-year anniversary). If a future referendum<br \/>\nallowed for sales of land in Nunavut, the fee simple title for the lot<br \/>\nmay be available to be transferred to the lessee.<\/p>\n<p>Leases established after the creation of Nunavut are likely to<br \/>\nmake reference to the equity lease and referendum clause. There<br \/>\nis, however, an overlap for standard land leases. In this scenario,<br \/>\na lessee (in Pond Inlet for example) holding a non-equity lease<br \/>\nmay apply for an equity lease under section 34 \u201c\u2026the cost of an old<br \/>\nlot will be based on the replacement cost of the lot and lease fees<br \/>\npaid to date will be deducted from that cost.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If the lessee wishes to surrender their equity lease, they are<br \/>\nentitled to a refund of equity, less deposit (5%) of the lot price.<\/p>\n<p>Equity leases \u2013 replacement guarantee<br \/>\nPerhaps one of the main features of the equity lease is the<br \/>\ninclusion of a Replacement Guarantee clause. For example, an<br \/>\nequity lease with the City of Iqaluit for a term of 30 years might<br \/>\nstate that \u201cthe City, shall, at the expiration of the said term, grant<br \/>\nto the Lessee a new lease of the land for a further term of thirty<br \/>\n(30) years, at a rental rate of One ($1.00) per annum and subject<br \/>\nto the same covenants\u2026 (except for this clause).\u201d In effect, the<br \/>\nlessee potentially has occupancy for 60 years on the land. This is<br \/>\nimportant for investment grade assets.<\/p>\n<p>It is recalled that, in income capitalization, the capitalization<br \/>\nrate is applied to the stabilized net operating income. The indication<br \/>\nof value is thus based upon the assumption that the purchaser<br \/>\ncollects the stabilized net operating income into perpetuity.<br \/>\nAppraisers will be familiar with the concept of present value. The<br \/>\nreality is that, over the time horizon, the further into the future you<br \/>\nlook, the lower the present value of those future revenues will be.<br \/>\nThe present value of $1.00 at 7.0% declines to less than $0.01 after<br \/>\n55 years. Changing the rate to 8.0% would take at least 63 years<br \/>\nbefore the present value of $1.00 is under $0.01 per annum.<\/p>\n<p>Ideally, when appraising investment assets on equity land<br \/>\nleases, it is useful to remain cognizant of the remaining initial term<br \/>\nof the lease and whether the lease provides for a replacement<br \/>\nguarantee. If the unexpired term of the lease is, say, over 50 years,<br \/>\nthen an income approach could reference income capitalization<br \/>\nas a value test. However, a cash flow analysis would also be<br \/>\nrecommended, with the appraiser completing a discounted cash<br \/>\nflow (with no reversion) to provide a secondary analysis. <\/p>\n<p>The mechanism for sale of improved assets in the Territory is<br \/>\nthus achieved through the assignment of the land lease interest.<br \/>\nAs in the example of the Pond Inlet Lands Administration Bylaw,<br \/>\nthis is referred to as a \u2018transfer.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Summary<br \/>\nWorking in the North requires a resilience to the environment<br \/>\nand an ability to be flexible, especially if your flight is cancelled<br \/>\nfor four days due to ice fog. At all times, you are a visitor on<br \/>\nInuit lands and a basic understanding of how land is used is<br \/>\nfundamental to the appraisal process.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Nunavut Territory emerged from the Nunavut Land Claims<br \/>\nAct and the Nunavut Act just over 20 years ago.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A provision within the NLCA identified that municipalities<br \/>\ncould not sell, assign, or create any interest or rights in such<br \/>\nlands that exceed 99 years in length. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Land lease terms are typically found to be for 30 years, with<br \/>\n30-year options to renew; however, the overall term cannot<br \/>\nbe more than 99 years.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 In effect, for the most part there are no marketable fee<br \/>\nsimple lands in the territory.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Equity leases are land leases where the lessee makes<br \/>\npayments that are credited against the principal lot price<br \/>\n(adjusted for appropriate interest and service charges).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The NLCA includes provision for a referendum of<br \/>\nNunavummiut voters, asking \u201cDo you want the Municipality<br \/>\nof _____  to be able to sell municipal lands? Yes or No.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The last vote in May 2016 was \u201cno,\u201d meaning that the<br \/>\nMunicipality would keep ownership of all municipal lands<br \/>\nand would continue to lease them.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Under the NLCA, if the vote was \u2018yes,\u2019 municipalities could<br \/>\nconvert existing equity land leases to fee simple title.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The NLCA allows for future referendums.<\/p>\n<p>End notes<br \/>\n1  https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/sites\/PublicWebsite\/default\/en_CA\/<\/p>\n<p>ResearchPublications\/LegislativeSummaries\/421S221E<br \/>\n2  https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dennis-patterson-<\/p>\n<p>nunavut-senator-land-requirement-1.3492697<\/p>\n<p>Additional reading<br \/>\n\u2022 CUSPAP 2020 \u2013 Section 5.10<br \/>\n\u2022 Nunavut Land Claims Agreement https:\/\/www.gov.nu.ca\/<\/p>\n<p>sites\/default\/files\/Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement.pdf<br \/>\n\u2022 Nunavut Act https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/n-28.6\/<\/p>\n<p>page-1.html#h-369707<br \/>\n\u2022 Dear Qallunaat (white people) by Sandra Inutiq  <\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dear-qallunaat-<br \/>\nwhite-people-inuit-sandra-inutiq-1.5020210 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 27Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/sites\/PublicWebsite\/default\/en_CA\/ResearchPublications\/LegislativeSummaries\/421S221E<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dennis-patterson-nunavut-senator-land-requirement-1.3492697<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.gov.nu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement.pdf<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/n-28.6\/page-1.html#h-369707<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dear-qallunaat-white-people-inuit-sandra-inutiq-1.5020210<\/p>\n<p>Le territoire du Nunavut est immense. Il s&rsquo;\u00e9tend sur <\/p>\n<p>trois fuseaux horaires et sur quelque 2,093 millions de <\/p>\n<p>kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Cela repr\u00e9sente 21 % de la superficie <\/p>\n<p>totale du pays. Pourtant, seulement 38 000 personnes <\/p>\n<p>se d\u00e9clarent habitants du Nunavut. En perspective, si <\/p>\n<p>vous invitez toutes ces personnes \u00e0 un match de baseball <\/p>\n<p>des Blue Jay au Rogers Centre de Toronto (capacit\u00e9 de <\/p>\n<p>53 500 personnes), il y aura encore beaucoup de places <\/p>\n<p>disponibles. Cet article porte sur les terres et le r\u00e9gime <\/p>\n<p>foncier au Nunavut du point de vue d&rsquo;un \u00e9valuateur. <\/p>\n<p>Aspects du travail d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation au  <\/p>\n<p>Nunavut<br \/>\nPar John E. Farmer, AACI, P. App., MRICS, Q.Arb<\/p>\n<p>In<br \/>\nt<\/p>\n<p>r<br \/>\no<\/p>\n<p>d<br \/>\nu<\/p>\n<p>c<br \/>\nt<\/p>\n<p>io<br \/>\nn<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 29Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Transport et mat\u00e9riaux de construction<br \/>\nLe transport a\u00e9rien est essentiel pour se d\u00e9placer dans le Nord,<br \/>\ncar il n\u2019y a pas de routes entre les principales communaut\u00e9s<br \/>\narctiques. Les livraisons en vrac de mat\u00e9riaux de construction,<br \/>\nde v\u00e9hicules, d\u2019\u00e9quipement lourd, d\u2019articles m\u00e9nagers et<br \/>\nd\u2019articles non p\u00e9rissables, etc. sont assur\u00e9es par Sealift aux<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9s. Selon l\u2019\u00e9tat des glaces de mer, le transport<br \/>\nmaritime dessert le Nord entre la fin juin et la fin octobre. Il reste<br \/>\nle moyen le plus \u00e9conomique de transporter des marchandises<br \/>\nen vrac vers l\u2019Arctique. Mais, avec une fen\u00eatre d\u2019op\u00e9ration<br \/>\naussi \u00e9troite, les communaut\u00e9s nordiques les plus \u00e9loign\u00e9es<br \/>\npeuvent n\u2019obtenir qu\u2019une seule livraison par an. Les nouveaux<br \/>\nprojets de construction n\u00e9cessitent une planification logistique<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9rable, car une palette de fen\u00eatres non livr\u00e9e pourrait<br \/>\nentra\u00eener des frais de transport a\u00e9rien \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour respecter un<br \/>\ncalendrier de construction serr\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Comparativement \u00e0 un budget de construction pour un projet<br \/>\ndans le Sud, le travail dans le Nord comprendrait probablement<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts suppl\u00e9mentaires importants pour le transport des<br \/>\nmat\u00e9riaux (via Sealift), les vols et l\u2019h\u00e9bergement des ouvriers, les<br \/>\nco\u00fbts de chauffage en hiver, etc. qui peuvent faire augmenter le<br \/>\nco\u00fbt de 25 % ou plus. Un \u00e9valuateur prudent devrait adopter une<br \/>\napproche fond\u00e9e sur les co\u00fbts dans son analyse, car le principe<br \/>\nsimple de substitution est une mesure cl\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer la<br \/>\nvaleur marchande. <\/p>\n<p>Accord sur les revendications<br \/>\nterritoriales du Nunavut<br \/>\nLa journ\u00e9e du Nunavut est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e le 9 juillet,<br \/>\nmarquant le jour o\u00f9 le Parlement canadien a adopt\u00e9 la Loi concernant<br \/>\nl\u2019Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut (ARTN) et<br \/>\nla Loi sur le Nunavut. <\/p>\n<p>Le Nunavut s\u2019est officiellement s\u00e9par\u00e9 des Territoires du Nord-<br \/>\nOuest le 1er avril 1999. \u00c0 ce jour, l\u2019ARTN demeure la plus grande<br \/>\nrevendication territoriale de l\u2019histoire du Canada et les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nqui y travaillent doivent \u00eatre conscients qu\u2019ils sont \u00e0 tout moment les<br \/>\nh\u00f4tes des Inuits et que les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qu\u2019ils \u00e9valuent sont, dans la<br \/>\nplupart des cas, soumises \u00e0 des baux fonciers accord\u00e9s par les Inuits. <\/p>\n<p>Les 41 articles de l\u2019ARTN abordent une s\u00e9rie de droits et de<br \/>\npr\u00e9occupations politiques et environnementaux, notamment les<br \/>\ndroits de gestion et d\u2019exploitation de la faune, les r\u00e9gimes de gestion<br \/>\ndes terres, de l\u2019eau et de l\u2019environnement, les parcs et les zones de<br \/>\nconservation, les ressources patrimoniales, l\u2019emploi et la passation<br \/>\nde march\u00e9s dans le secteur public, ainsi que d\u2019autres questions,<br \/>\ntelles que le titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des terres appartenant aux Inuits.<\/p>\n<p>Les principales caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019accord sont les suivantes :<br \/>\n\u2022 L\u2019ARTN a donn\u00e9 aux Inuits du Nunavut le titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>sur environ 350 000 km\u00b2 de terres, dont 35 257 km\u00b2<br \/>\ncomprennent les droits miniers;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le droit de r\u00e9colter la faune sur les terres et les eaux de<br \/>\nl\u2019ensemble du territoire;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Une part des redevances provenant de l\u2019exploitation du p\u00e9trole,<br \/>\ndu gaz et des min\u00e9raux sur les terres de la Couronne;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le droit de n\u00e9gocier avec l\u2019industrie pour jouir des retomb\u00e9es<br \/>\n\u00e9conomiques et sociales du d\u00e9veloppement des ressources<br \/>\nnon renouvelables sur les terres appartenant aux Inuits;<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 30 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Une repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9gale des Inuits et du gouvernement<br \/>\ndans les nouveaux conseils d\u2019administration charg\u00e9s de la<br \/>\ngestion de la faune, des ressources et de l\u2019environnement;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 La cr\u00e9ation de trois parcs nationaux financ\u00e9s par le<br \/>\ngouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les paiements de transfert de capitaux pour la cr\u00e9ation<br \/>\ndu gouvernement du Nunavut.<\/p>\n<p>Terres municipales<br \/>\nL\u2019article 14.8 de l\u2019ARTN traite des restrictions de l\u2019ali\u00e9nation des<br \/>\nterres municipales. En effet, \u00ab la municipalit\u00e9 ne peut vendre,<br \/>\nc\u00e9der ou cr\u00e9er, relativement \u00e0 ces terres, des int\u00e9r\u00eats ou droits<br \/>\nqui : a) sont d\u2019une dur\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 99 ans, y compris toute<br \/>\np\u00e9riode de renouvellement; ou b) prennent naissance dans<br \/>\nplus de 99 ans \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, l\u2019ARTN a permis la tenue d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum \u00ab en<br \/>\ntout temps apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;expiration d&rsquo;une p\u00e9riode de 20 ans \u00bb afin de<br \/>\npermettre aux \u00e9lecteurs municipaux de choisir par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum<br \/>\nde lever cette restriction. Un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum a eu lieu en 2016 et les<br \/>\n\u00e9lecteurs ont vot\u00e9 en faveur du maintien du statu quo. <\/p>\n<p>Les baux fonciers standard<br \/>\nUne grande partie des terres du territoire sont d\u00e9sign\u00e9es comme<br \/>\nappartenant aux Inuits ou comme terres de la Couronne, il est<br \/>\ndonc peu probable qu\u2019un \u00e9valuateur trouve la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer<br \/>\nsur un titre en fief simple. Il existe quelques parcelles en fief<br \/>\nsimple \u00e0 Iqaluit, mais il est peu probable qu\u2019elles soient d\u00e9tenues<br \/>\npar des personnes physiques ou morales non inuites. La Loi<br \/>\nconstitutionnelle exige que les personnes nomm\u00e9es par le S\u00e9nat<br \/>\nposs\u00e8dent au moins 4 000 dollars de terres. En 2016, le s\u00e9nateur<br \/>\ndu Nunavut Dennis Patterson a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une motion1 visant \u00e0<br \/>\nmodifier la Loi constitutionnelle2 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des questions<br \/>\nentourant l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation de la notion de \u00ab propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re \u00bb<br \/>\nau Nunavut.<\/p>\n<p>Avant la cr\u00e9ation du Nunavut en 1999, de nombreux baux<br \/>\nfonciers avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9s par le commissaire des Territoires <\/p>\n<p>du Nord-Ouest. Ces simples documents de bail foncier \u00e9taient<br \/>\nstructur\u00e9s selon des param\u00e8tres de base, tels que l\u2019indication<br \/>\nd\u2019une dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 30 ans) et d\u2019un loyer<br \/>\nannuel (susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre modifi\u00e9 tous les cinq ans). <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ajustement du taux de location \u00e9tait bas\u00e9 sur un amendement<br \/>\n\u00e9mis par le sous-ministre. Dans les baux que j\u2019ai examin\u00e9s, il n\u2019y<br \/>\navait pas de clause d\u2019arbitrage, juste une disposition pr\u00e9voyant<br \/>\nque \u00ab la d\u00e9termination de la juste valeur estim\u00e9e sera faite par la<br \/>\nCour supr\u00eame des Territoires du Nord-Ouest \u00bb si le locataire ne<br \/>\ntrouve pas le nouveau taux acceptable.<\/p>\n<p>Les baux fonciers standard comprennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<br \/>\nune clause d\u2019\u00ab utilisation des terres \u00bb d\u00e9terminant la cat\u00e9gorie<br \/>\nd&rsquo;occupation (r\u00e9sidentielle, industrielle, commerciale, etc.), qui<br \/>\nest g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement align\u00e9e sur le plan municipal. Cela permet<br \/>\nd&rsquo;utiliser le terrain au mieux et au maximum, comme si l\u2019analyse<br \/>\nde la vacance \u00e9tait quelque peu discutable, puisque l\u2019utilisation du<br \/>\nterrain est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la r\u00e9serve d\u2019utilisation autoris\u00e9e dans le bail. <\/p>\n<p>Le bail peut inclure une clause de construction, car on s\u2019attend<br \/>\n\u00e0 ce que l\u2019occupant du terrain construise quelque chose sur ce<br \/>\nterrain. La clause de construction mentionne non seulement la<br \/>\nvaleur minimale attendue du projet de construction, mais aussi le<br \/>\nd\u00e9lai d\u2019ach\u00e8vement de la construction (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux ans),<br \/>\nles travaux devant commencer dans les six mois suivant la date<br \/>\nde prise d\u2019effet du d\u00e9but du bail. Si le locataire ne construit pas,<br \/>\nil existe une clause qui met potentiellement fin au bail. Du point<br \/>\nde vue de la gestion des terres municipales, cette clause garantit<br \/>\nque le terrain est pleinement utilis\u00e9 au profit de la communaut\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Les baux fonciers standard tiennent \u00e9galement compte de<br \/>\nce qu\u2019il advient des am\u00e9liorations apport\u00e9es au terrain \u00e0 la fin<br \/>\ndu terme. Des dispositions peuvent pr\u00e9voir que le terrain sera<br \/>\nremis dans son \u00e9tat d\u2019origine (toutes les am\u00e9liorations enlev\u00e9es,<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019exception des remblais pour les routes, les fondations, etc. qui<br \/>\npourraient encore \u00eatre utiles) et que le terrain sera remis dans un<br \/>\n\u00e9tat \u00e0 la satisfaction du sous-ministre. <\/p>\n<p>Les baux fonciers standard que j\u2019ai vus ne comportaient pas de<br \/>\nclause de renouvellement, ce qui signifie que le locataire devrait<br \/>\nren\u00e9gocier un nouveau bail sans aucune garantie qu\u2019il puisse<br \/>\ncontinuer \u00e0 occuper le terrain au-del\u00e0 de la dur\u00e9e du bail initial. <\/p>\n<p>Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les communaut\u00e9s se d\u00e9veloppent,<br \/>\nles municipalit\u00e9s \u00e9laborent des plans pour cr\u00e9er des terrains<br \/>\npour une utilisation future et les proposent \u00e0 la location. La<br \/>\nmunicipalit\u00e9 prendra en charge les co\u00fbts de cr\u00e9ation des<br \/>\nroutes et d\u2019installation des lignes \u00e9lectriques dans ces zones<br \/>\nd\u2019expansion. Notez que toutes les communaut\u00e9s ne disposent pas<br \/>\nde services d\u2019eau et d\u2019\u00e9gouts souterrains, et que les b\u00e2timents<br \/>\nqui ne sont pas raccord\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau souterrain sont donc<br \/>\npourvus de services d\u2019eau et d\u2019assainissement par un service de<br \/>\ncamions-citernes pour l\u2019approvisionnement et l\u2019extraction (mais<br \/>\npas en m\u00eame temps au m\u00eame camion). Les services de chauffage<br \/>\ncomprennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une chaudi\u00e8re ou une fournaise<br \/>\n\u00e0 mazout avec un r\u00e9servoir de stockage de mazout sur place.<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire serait un d\u00e9fi pendant les mois d\u2019hiver, pour des<br \/>\nraisons \u00e9videntes.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 31Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Il convient de mentionner que de nombreux b\u00e2timents sont<br \/>\nconstruits au-dessus du sol, soutenus par une structure en<br \/>\nacier et des pieux en acier enfonc\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la roche-m\u00e8re.<br \/>\nCela permet de d\u00e9velopper le terrain au-dessus d\u2019un relief<br \/>\naccident\u00e9. Le vide sanitaire vise \u00e0 \u00e9viter le r\u00e9chauffement des<br \/>\ncouches de perg\u00e9lisol en dessous, car cela entra\u00eenerait un<br \/>\nsoul\u00e8vement du sol. Si jamais vous avez affaire \u00e0 Iqaluit, jetez<br \/>\nun coup d&rsquo;\u0153il sur le nouveau centre aquatique (2018) dot\u00e9 d\u2019une<br \/>\npiscine de 25 m\u00e8tres \u00e0 six couloirs et des installations de loisirs,<br \/>\ntoutes construites en surface, avec un vide sanitaire sous la<br \/>\nsuperstructure du b\u00e2timent. Certains b\u00e2timents sont construits<br \/>\nau sol, comme le nouveau terminal. Cependant, si vous regardez<br \/>\nde pr\u00e8s, ils sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de refroidissement passif<br \/>\n\u00ab Thermosyphon \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Soit dit en passant, les b\u00e2timents sont num\u00e9rot\u00e9s<br \/>\ns\u00e9quentiellement dans les communaut\u00e9s. De cette fa\u00e7on, les<br \/>\npompiers peuvent trouver l\u2019emplacement exact de la maison ou<br \/>\ndu b\u00e2timent. <\/p>\n<p>Baux fonciers post-ARTN<br \/>\nApr\u00e8s la proclamation de la Loi concernant l\u2019ARTN et de la<br \/>\nLoi sur le Nunavut, les corporations municipales ont mis \u00e0<br \/>\njour leurs r\u00e8glements afin de les rendre plus clairs et de les<br \/>\naligner sur cette nouvelle l\u00e9gislation. Bien qu\u2019ils aient des<br \/>\npouvoirs (par exemple, en vertu de la Loi sur les hameaux), les<br \/>\nhameaux voulaient \u00e9tablir un processus uniforme actualis\u00e9<br \/>\npour la cession des biens immobiliers appartenant \u00e0 une<br \/>\nmunicipalit\u00e9, lou\u00e9s ou d\u00e9tenus d\u2019une autre mani\u00e8re. Par exemple,<br \/>\nla corporation municipale du hameau de Pond Inlet, par le biais<br \/>\nde son r\u00e8glement sur l\u2019administration des terres (approuv\u00e9 le<br \/>\n2 f\u00e9vrier 2002), souligne certaines dispositions que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\ndevrait noter. <\/p>\n<p>Dans le r\u00e8glement de Pond Inlet, la tarification des<br \/>\nnouveaux lots (am\u00e9nag\u00e9s apr\u00e8s le 31 mai 1997) est bas\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nles co\u00fbts d\u2019am\u00e9nagement connus, y compris les dispositions<br \/>\npour les facteurs sp\u00e9cifiques au site. Ces facteurs sp\u00e9cifiques<br \/>\ncomprennent la taille de la parcelle, l\u2019\u00e9tat, l\u2019opportunit\u00e9<br \/>\nde l\u2019emplacement, les utilisateurs des terrains adjacents,<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation historique du lot et les utilisations propos\u00e9es des<br \/>\nterrains. L\u2019ajustement peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9 en ajoutant ou en<br \/>\nsoustrayant 25 % des co\u00fbts de d\u00e9veloppement des nouveaux lots.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le prix d&rsquo;un nouveau lot est fix\u00e9 sur la<br \/>\nbase des co\u00fbts de d\u00e9veloppement, un \u00ab ancien lot \u00bb pourrait<br \/>\npotentiellement avoir vu ses co\u00fbts de d\u00e9veloppement pay\u00e9s. Le<br \/>\nr\u00e8glement municipal tient compte de ce fait et stipule que le prix<br \/>\ndu lot sera d\u00e9termin\u00e9 soit par le co\u00fbt de remplacement, soit par<br \/>\nla valeur du march\u00e9 telle que d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par un \u00e9valuateur ou un<br \/>\nexpert foncier qualifi\u00e9, soit par un appel d\u2019offres par adjudication<br \/>\npublique (\u00e0 condition que la r\u00e9serve ne soit pas inf\u00e9rieure au co\u00fbt<br \/>\nde remplacement). <\/p>\n<p>Baux en \u00e9quit\u00e9<br \/>\nUn contrat de location avec participation au capital permet au<br \/>\nlocataire de payer le solde du prix du lot et les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements<br \/>\nhors site \u00e0 la signature du bail. Cette \u00ab avance \u00bb du loyer est<br \/>\nconsid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 du locataire dans l\u2019occupation future<br \/>\ndu terrain. <\/p>\n<p>Il reste la disposition selon laquelle le locataire paie un loyer<br \/>\nannuel. \u00c0 Iqaluit, les frais de location annuels peuvent s\u2019\u00e9lever<br \/>\n\u00e0 1 $ par an. \u00c0 Pond Inlet, il est de 50 $ par an, conform\u00e9ment<br \/>\nau r\u00e8glement.<\/p>\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019ARTN, \u00e0 tout moment apr\u00e8s 20 ans, un<br \/>\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rendum peut \u00eatre organis\u00e9 sur le maintien ou la modification<br \/>\ndu syst\u00e8me de titres de location du territoire. Un vote a eu lieu en <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 32 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>2016 sur la question suivante : \u00ab Voulez-vous que la municipalit\u00e9<br \/>\nde (nom de la ville ou du hameau) puisse vendre des terres<br \/>\nmunicipales ? \u00bb Le r\u00e9sultat a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab Non \u00bb. L\u2019ARTN laisse ouverte<br \/>\nla possibilit\u00e9 que de futurs r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums puissent encore avoir<br \/>\nlieu (\u00e0 tout moment apr\u00e8s le 20e anniversaire). Si un futur<br \/>\nr\u00e9f\u00e9rendum permettait la vente de terres au Nunavut, le titre de<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 en fief simple du lot pourrait \u00eatre disponible pour \u00eatre<br \/>\ntransf\u00e9r\u00e9 au locataire.<\/p>\n<p>Les baux \u00e9tablis apr\u00e8s la cr\u00e9ation du Nunavut sont<br \/>\nsusceptibles de faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la clause du bail en \u00e9quit\u00e9 et<br \/>\ndu r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum. Il y a toutefois un chevauchement pour les baux<br \/>\nfonciers standard. Dans ce cas, un locataire (\u00e0 Pond Inlet par<br \/>\nexemple) qui d\u00e9tient un bail non participatif peut demander un<br \/>\nbail participatif en vertu de l\u2019article 34 \u00ab &#8230;le co\u00fbt d\u2019un ancien<br \/>\nlot sera bas\u00e9 sur le co\u00fbt de remplacement du lot et les frais de<br \/>\nlocation pay\u00e9s \u00e0 ce jour seront d\u00e9duits de ce co\u00fbt \u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Si le locataire souhaite renoncer \u00e0 son bail en \u00e9quit\u00e9, il a<br \/>\ndroit \u00e0 un remboursement de l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, d\u00e9duction faite de la<br \/>\ncaution (5 %) du prix du lot.<\/p>\n<p>Baux en \u00e9quit\u00e9 \u2013 garantie de remplacement<br \/>\nL\u2019une des principales caract\u00e9ristiques du bail en \u00e9quit\u00e9 est<br \/>\npeut-\u00eatre l\u2019inclusion d\u2019une clause de garantie de remplacement.<br \/>\nPar exemple, un bail en \u00e9quit\u00e9 avec la ville d\u2019Iqaluit pour une<br \/>\ndur\u00e9e de 30 ans pourrait stipuler que \u00ab la ville, \u00e0 l\u2019expiration de<br \/>\nladite dur\u00e9e, doit accorder au locataire un nouveau bail de la<br \/>\nterre pour une nouvelle dur\u00e9e de trente (30) ans, \u00e0 un taux de<br \/>\nlocation d\u2019un (1,00 $) dollar par an et sous r\u00e9serve des m\u00eames<br \/>\nengagements &#8230; (\u00e0 l\u2019exception de cette clause) \u00bb. En effet, le<br \/>\nlocataire a potentiellement un droit d\u2019occupation de 60 ans<br \/>\nsur le terrain. Ceci est important pour les actifs \u00e0 vocation<br \/>\nd\u2019investissement. <\/p>\n<p>Il faut se rappeler que, dans le cadre de la capitalisation<br \/>\ndes revenus, le taux de capitalisation est appliqu\u00e9 au r\u00e9sultat<br \/>\nnet d\u2019exploitation stabilis\u00e9. L\u2019indication de la valeur est<br \/>\ndonc bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que l\u2019acheteur per\u00e7oit le revenu<br \/>\nnet d\u2019exploitation stabilis\u00e9 \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9. Les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nconnaissent bien la notion de valeur actuelle. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est que,<br \/>\nsur l\u2019horizon temporel, plus on regarde loin dans le futur, plus<br \/>\nla valeur actuelle de ces revenus futurs sera faible. La valeur<br \/>\nactualis\u00e9e de 1,00 $ \u00e0 7,0 % tombe \u00e0 moins de 0,01 $ apr\u00e8s 55<br \/>\nans. Il faudrait au moins 63 ans pour que la valeur actuelle de<br \/>\n1,00 $ soit inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,01 $ par an.<\/p>\n<p>Id\u00e9alement, lors de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des actifs d\u2019investissement<br \/>\ndans le cadre de baux de terrains en \u00e9quit\u00e9, il est utile de tenir<br \/>\ncompte de la dur\u00e9e initiale restante du bail et de savoir si le bail<br \/>\npr\u00e9voit une garantie de remplacement. Si la dur\u00e9e non expir\u00e9e<br \/>\ndu bail est, par exemple, sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 ans, la m\u00e9thode du<br \/>\nrevenu pourrait alors faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la capitalisation des<br \/>\nrevenus comme test de valeur. Toutefois, une analyse des flux<br \/>\nde tr\u00e9sorerie serait \u00e9galement recommand\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\ncalculant un flux de tr\u00e9sorerie actualis\u00e9 (sans retour) pour<br \/>\nfournir une analyse secondaire. <\/p>\n<p>Le m\u00e9canisme de vente des actifs am\u00e9lior\u00e9s dans le territoire est<br \/>\ndonc r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par la cession de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du bail foncier. Comme dans<br \/>\nl\u2019exemple du r\u00e8glement d\u2019administration des terres de Pond Inlet, on<br \/>\nparle de \u00ab transfert \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<br \/>\nTravailler dans le Nord exige une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019environnement et une<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre flexible, surtout si votre vol est annul\u00e9 pendant quatre<br \/>\njours \u00e0 cause du brouillard glac\u00e9. En tout temps, vous \u00eates un visiteur<br \/>\nsur les terres inuites et une compr\u00e9hension de base de l\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ndes terres est essentielle au processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le territoire du Nunavut est issu de la Loi concernant les<br \/>\nrevendications territoriales du Nunavut et de la Loi sur le<br \/>\nNunavut adopt\u00e9es il y a un peu plus de 20 ans.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Une disposition de l\u2019ARTN stipulait que les municipalit\u00e9s ne<br \/>\npouvaient pas vendre, c\u00e9der ou cr\u00e9er des int\u00e9r\u00eats ou des droits<br \/>\nsur ces terres qui d\u00e9passeraient 99 ans. <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les baux fonciers sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de 30 ans,<br \/>\navec une option de renouvellement de 30 ans; cependant, la<br \/>\ndur\u00e9e totale ne peut d\u00e9passer 99 ans.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 En effet, il n\u2019existe pas, dans la plupart des cas, de terres en<br \/>\nfief simple commercialisables sur le territoire.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Les baux en \u00e9quit\u00e9 sont des baux fonciers dans lesquels le<br \/>\nlocataire effectue des paiements qui sont cr\u00e9dit\u00e9s sur le prix<br \/>\ndu lot principal (ajust\u00e9 en fonction des int\u00e9r\u00eats et des frais de<br \/>\nservice appropri\u00e9s).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 L\u2019ARTN pr\u00e9voit la tenue d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum aupr\u00e8s des \u00e9lecteurs du<br \/>\nNunavummiut leur demandant : \u00ab Voulez-vous que la municipalit\u00e9<br \/>\nde _____ puisse vendre des terres municipales ? Oui ou non \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Le dernier vote en mai 2016 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab non \u00bb, ce qui signifie que<br \/>\nla municipalit\u00e9 conserverait la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de toutes les terres<br \/>\nmunicipales et continuerait \u00e0 les louer.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 En vertu de l\u2019ARTN, si le vote \u00e9tait \u00ab oui \u00bb, les municipalit\u00e9s<br \/>\npourraient convertir les baux fonciers existants en titres en<br \/>\nfief simple.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 L\u2019ARTN permet la tenue de futurs r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums. <\/p>\n<p>notes en fin de texte<br \/>\n1  https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/sites\/PublicWebsite\/default\/en_CA\/<\/p>\n<p>ResearchPublications\/LegislativeSummaries\/421S221E<br \/>\n2  https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dennis-patterson-<\/p>\n<p>nunavut-senator-land-requirement-1.3492697<\/p>\n<p>Lectures compl\u00e9mentaires :<br \/>\n\u2022 NUPPEC 2020 &#8211; Section 5.10<br \/>\n\u2022 Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut  <\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.gov.nu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Nunavut_Land_<br \/>\nClaims_Agreement.pdf <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Loi sur le Nunavut https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/<br \/>\nacts\/n-28.6\/page-1.html#h-369707 <\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u00ab Dear Qallunaat (white people) \u00bb par Sandra Inutiq<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dear-qallunaat-white-<br \/>\npeople-inuit-sandra-inutiq-1.5020210 <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 33Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/sites\/PublicWebsite\/default\/en_CA\/ResearchPublications\/LegislativeSummaries\/421S221E<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dennis-patterson-nunavut-senator-land-requirement-1.3492697<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.gov.nu.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement.pdf<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/n-28.6\/page-1.html#h-369707<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/dear-qallunaat-white-people-inuit-sandra-inutiq-1.5020210<\/p>\n<p>If you are an appraiser with an attention to detail, an interest in the history of Canada and<br \/>\nIndigenous peoples, and are not afraid<br \/>\nof a little research, then you may find<br \/>\nthat Specific Land Claims offers a niche<br \/>\nvaluation opportunity. I like to think of<br \/>\nSpecific Claims assignments as historical<br \/>\ncrime scene investigation (CSI). Like<br \/>\nthe investigators on the TV shows,<br \/>\nsuccess comes from top-flight analysis,<br \/>\ncommunication skills, and problem<br \/>\nsolving capabilities. Clients demand<br \/>\nuniversity thesis-quality reports and a<br \/>\ncatalogue of reliance documents. The key<br \/>\nlies in piecing together documentary and<br \/>\narchival records. <\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with some background on<br \/>\nSpecific Claims and related jargon. <\/p>\n<p>Specific Claims refer to monetary<br \/>\ndamage claims made by a First Nation<br \/>\n(i.e., Claimants) against the Crown, or<br \/>\nDominion of Canada. Claims generally<br \/>\nfall into several general categories:<br \/>\nwrongful administration of land and other<br \/>\nFirst Nation resources (e.g., timber, gas,<br \/>\noil, or minerals), a promise to provide<br \/>\nReserve land that was not fulfilled, or<br \/>\nseverance of Reserve lands without<br \/>\nadequate compensation. <\/p>\n<p>Historically, the Courts offered the only<br \/>\npath for resolving First Nations\u2019 claims of<br \/>\ninjustices related to Reserves. In 2008, the<br \/>\nSpecific Claims Tribunal was formed to <\/p>\n<p>accelerate the resolution<br \/>\nof Specific Claims. The<br \/>\nTribunal is a joint initiative<br \/>\nwith the Assembly of First<br \/>\nNations and Canada. Claims are<br \/>\nheard by an independent body of federal<br \/>\njudges appointed from Provincial Superior<br \/>\nCourts across the country. <\/p>\n<p>Most Specific Claims involve<br \/>\ncompensation for land and require expert<br \/>\nreports such as appraisals. During the<br \/>\nClaims process, expert reports are<br \/>\ngenerally filed with the Tribunal by both<br \/>\nparties (i.e., First Nations and Canada).<br \/>\nSimilar to the Courts, the Tribunal has<br \/>\nspecific rules of procedure for submissions,<br \/>\nadmission of evidence and hearings. <\/p>\n<p>Valuing Specific<br \/>\n Land Claims:<br \/>\nHistorical CSI (Crime Scene Investigation)<br \/>\nBy John Peebles, AACI, P. App., (RPF Ret.), Land Ethic Consulting Ltd.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 34 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>There are several potential types of<br \/>\ncompensation identified in the Specific<br \/>\nClaim Act. The nature of the Claim<br \/>\nmay require one or all three types of<br \/>\nassignments: Current Unimproved Market<br \/>\nValue, Retrospective Market Value, and<br \/>\nLoss of Use. Retrospective Market Value<br \/>\nand Loss of Use valuations are very<br \/>\nchallenging appraisal assignments, mainly<br \/>\ndue to historic valuation dates, non-typical <\/p>\n<p>terms of reference<br \/>\nand assumptions,<br \/>\nbroad scope of work,<br \/>\nand difficulty in <\/p>\n<p>sourcing and interpreting historic<br \/>\nmarket information. <\/p>\n<p>The most complex and challenging<br \/>\nSpecific Claims assignment is Loss of Use.<br \/>\nThe unique methodologies and research<br \/>\nfor Loss of Use is the focus of this article.<br \/>\nLoss of Use (LOU) means the financial loss<br \/>\nthat a First Nation may have experienced<br \/>\nover a defined Claim Period for designated<br \/>\nReserve land or for land that was<br \/>\npromised as a Reserve. Most LOU expert<br \/>\nreports interpret the financial loss of use<br \/>\nof land to be equivalent to the notional<br \/>\nrental income for the Claimed Land for<br \/>\neach year of the Claim Period. The sum of<br \/>\nthe annual notional rent brought forward<br \/>\nto present value represents the total<br \/>\nLoss of Use. There is an ongoing debate<br \/>\nover whether the annual notional rent is<br \/>\nnet rent or gross rent and whether a fee <\/p>\n<p>simple interest is the correct basis for<br \/>\ndetermining rent. Note that the value <\/p>\n<p>of the improvements<br \/>\nmade by the First<br \/>\nNation or others over <\/p>\n<p>the Claim Period is<br \/>\nnot generally included <\/p>\n<p>in the financial<br \/>\nLOU analysis. <\/p>\n<p>For the dozen<br \/>\nor so Specific Claim <\/p>\n<p>assignments with which<br \/>\nI have been involved, the <\/p>\n<p>Claim Periods tend to begin in the<br \/>\nearly 1900s or earlier. The Claimed <\/p>\n<p>lands are often located in rural and<br \/>\nremote parts of Canada, which amplifies<br \/>\nthe problems in finding market data.<\/p>\n<p>In a South Vancouver Island<br \/>\nassignment, I needed to determine<br \/>\nRetrospective values and Loss of Use<br \/>\nfor a railway right of way that severed<br \/>\na small Reserve near the community of<br \/>\nChemainus. The terms of reference for<br \/>\nthis assignment required LOU estimates <\/p>\n<p>for three LOU Claim Periods involving<br \/>\nthree discrete areas. The earliest LOU<br \/>\nClaim Period was 1885 to 1963. I needed<br \/>\nto learn about market conditions, land<br \/>\nvalues, and rates of return for the Claim<br \/>\nPeriods. My first step was to bring some<br \/>\norder to this highly complex assignment.<br \/>\nI developed a research plan that set<br \/>\nout the tasks, order of research (i.e.,<br \/>\npriorities), research sources, and target<br \/>\ndates. The plan also set out the related<br \/>\nprofessional hours and fees, expenses,<br \/>\nneed for specialist sub-contractors<br \/>\n(e.g., historians, surveyors, mapping<br \/>\ncompanies, and land title researchers),<br \/>\nand the logical sequence of work. With this<br \/>\nroadmap sketched out, I was then able to<br \/>\ndive into market research, focusing on the<br \/>\nClaimed Lands.<\/p>\n<p>LOU analysis requires four areas of<br \/>\nmarket research: identifying, land rents,<br \/>\nland values rates of return, and market<br \/>\nconditions over the Claim Period. Land<br \/>\nrents can be sourced from Reserve and<br \/>\nnon-Reserve lands. However, Reserve<br \/>\nrents are easier to source for historic time<br \/>\nperiods, since there is no central registry<br \/>\nof land rents of non-Reserve lands. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cClients demand<br \/>\nuniversity thesis-<br \/>\nquality reports and a<br \/>\ncatalogue of reliance<br \/>\ndocuments. The key<br \/>\nlies in piecing together<br \/>\ndocumentary and<br \/>\narchival records.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 35Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Reserve rents are also good indicators<br \/>\nof LOU, since government policy over the<br \/>\nyears has been to establish rents based<br \/>\non land capability as unimproved, similar<br \/>\nto the LOU premise. The most compelling<br \/>\nmarket data for LOU will be from Reserves<br \/>\nthat are similar in location and land<br \/>\ncharacteristics to the Claim Lands.<br \/>\nMore on Reserve rent research later<br \/>\nin this article.<\/p>\n<p>Land rent research serves two<br \/>\npurposes: rents are indicators of rental<br \/>\nvalue for the Direct Comparison Approach<br \/>\nand contribute to calculated rates of<br \/>\nreturn. Say that Reserve lands with good<br \/>\nagricultural potential in the Creston area<br \/>\nof the Kootenay Region rented for $10 per<br \/>\nacre per annum in the 1950s. If these <\/p>\n<p>lands are representative of the Claimed<br \/>\nLands, you can establish the notional<br \/>\nvalue of the rented Reserve lands through<br \/>\nadditional land title sales research. If<br \/>\nthe notional market value of the rented<br \/>\nReserve land is $200 per acre at or around<br \/>\nthe rent date, the notional rate of return<br \/>\nwould be 5%. If you assemble enough rate<br \/>\nof return indicators, patterns emerge and<br \/>\na market rate of return can be concluded<br \/>\nfor the Claimed Lands. This rate will<br \/>\nchange over time in response to the usual<br \/>\nlocal and regional market forces. The<br \/>\nkey extraordinary assumption for this<br \/>\nanalysis is that value of Reserve land is<br \/>\nrepresentative of similar non-Reserve<br \/>\nlands. There is some disagreement about<br \/>\nthis principle, but most LOU researchers <\/p>\n<p>in BC do not adjust Reserve land values to<br \/>\naccount for the nature of the interest (i.e.,<br \/>\nDominion Government fee simple held in<br \/>\ntrust for First Nations). <\/p>\n<p>The main source for historic land values<br \/>\nis Provincial Land Title office records. In<br \/>\nBC, the Land Title &#038; Survey Authority (LTSA)<br \/>\nprovides contemporary title records online.<br \/>\nMost title records prior to the 1960s are<br \/>\nonly available on microfilm. Furthermore,<br \/>\nthere are thousands of hard copy and<br \/>\nlinen tracings of historic maps, sketches,<br \/>\nand survey plans that are not digitized or<br \/>\nmicrofilmed. This means you need to engage<br \/>\na qualified land title research expert to<br \/>\ncomplete research under your direction or<br \/>\nhave authorization and skills to conduct the<br \/>\nresearch on your own.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 36 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>I have learned that the best way to<br \/>\nset priorities for land title research<br \/>\nis to analyze both historic maps and<br \/>\ncontemporary online mapping of the<br \/>\narea surrounding the Claim Lands<br \/>\nand compile a list of potential rural<br \/>\nproperty sales leads. The next step,<br \/>\nthe title search process, will require<br \/>\na general understanding of how land<br \/>\ntitles are recorded in your province.<br \/>\nFor example, in BC, the best approach<br \/>\nis generally to begin with the original<br \/>\nCrown Grant of the property and<br \/>\nsearch successive title transfers. This<br \/>\napproach generates multiple resales \u2013<br \/>\nvery useful in understanding trends in<br \/>\nmarket conditions. While the formats of<br \/>\nland title transfer records have evolved<br \/>\nover the years, most have common<br \/>\nelements: the legal description of the<br \/>\nproperty, the declared transfer price<br \/>\nor value (the sale price), parties to the<br \/>\npurchase and sale, and title transfer<br \/>\ndate (the sale date). Be prepared for the<br \/>\nfrustration and challenges of in-depth<br \/>\nland titles research. It may seem you<br \/>\nhave spent a lot of money for very little<br \/>\nresult. You can expect research time<br \/>\nand expenses for 20 to 30 transfers for<br \/>\neach targeted property, poor quality of<br \/>\nmicrofilmed documents, a high percentage<br \/>\nof non-arm\u2019s length title transfers<br \/>\ninvolving related parties and estates,<br \/>\ngaps in the motivation of the parties, and<br \/>\nuncertainty regarding land improvements. <\/p>\n<p>Reliance on improved land sales is a<br \/>\nproblem since the focus of LOU analysis<br \/>\nis the financial loss of use of unimproved<br \/>\nland. Using unadjusted improved land<br \/>\nsales will skew the analysis and reduce<br \/>\nthe reliability of the LOU estimates. <\/p>\n<p>You need to develop strategies<br \/>\nto deal with research costs, gaps in<br \/>\nunderstanding motivation of the parties<br \/>\nand nature of improvements.<\/p>\n<p>The time and cost of land title and<br \/>\nIndian Land Registry System research<br \/>\nmay represent up to 20% of the total<br \/>\ncost of an LOU assignment. Prior to<br \/>\nbeginning a LOU assignment and drafting<br \/>\na detailed proposal, you should have a<br \/>\nfrank discussion with your client about the<br \/>\ndifficulty, time, and expense of the LOU<br \/>\nanalysis. Remember that the potential<br \/>\nfor Claims compensation may be up to<br \/>\n$150 million, and clients will expect you<br \/>\nto complete a detailed and rigourous<br \/>\nanalysis. I find it is useful to say that the<br \/>\nopposing legal counsel and their experts<br \/>\nwill spend two to three hours reviewing<br \/>\nevery one hour of work you have spent on<br \/>\nthe LOU analysis (and vice versa). You may<br \/>\nbe able to save your client some research<br \/>\nexpense by starting with a small list of<br \/>\npotential properties and expanding the<br \/>\nlist only as more useful information is<br \/>\nneeded. You can also give instructions<br \/>\nto your land title researchers to avoid<br \/>\nretrieving documents for non-arm\u2019s length<br \/>\ntransfers, saving some printing fees. <\/p>\n<p>However, researchers will still need to<br \/>\nsearch successive titles to find the next<br \/>\ntransfer of these properties, at least<br \/>\nin the BC land titles registry. Keep in<br \/>\nmind that most land title offices do not<br \/>\nwant your researcher monopolizing<br \/>\nscarce microfilm readers, since other<br \/>\nresearchers need access to historic<br \/>\nrecords for other research related to legal<br \/>\nmatters, genealogy, etc. For example, the<br \/>\nVictoria BC land title office has only one or<br \/>\ntwo microfilm reader-printers that work<br \/>\nwell. The competition for these machines<br \/>\nmeans dirty looks if one researcher stays<br \/>\non the best machine too long. You can also<br \/>\nstreamline Indian Land Registry research<br \/>\nby focusing rent research on First Nation<br \/>\nReserves with similar characteristics to<br \/>\nthe Claimed Lands. <\/p>\n<p>Older land title documents may be in<br \/>\npoor condition and scanned versions can<br \/>\nbe difficult to interpret. This problem can<br \/>\nbe overcome in some cases by retrieving<br \/>\nthe original document from the land title<br \/>\noffice vaults. Each provincial land title<br \/>\noffice will likely have different policies and<br \/>\nrestrictions for access to these sensitive<br \/>\nfragile records. <\/p>\n<p>The condition of the land at the<br \/>\nsale date is often difficult to determine<br \/>\ngiven the passage of time, lack of air<br \/>\nphotography prior to the 1930s, and<br \/>\ngovernment policies for land settlement.<br \/>\nThe Colony of Vancouver Island and later<br \/>\nProvince of BC, similar to other western <\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou need to develop strategies to deal with research costs, gaps in<br \/>\nunderstanding motivation of the parties and nature of improvements.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 37Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>provinces, encouraged early settlement of<br \/>\nCrown land though pre-emptions. In this<br \/>\nprocess, a pre-emptor could purchase<br \/>\nCrown land for a low statutory rate, if<br \/>\nthey completed a certain amount of land<br \/>\ndevelopment and lived on the property.<br \/>\nThis means that almost all resales of<br \/>\npre-empted rural land had some form<br \/>\nof land development, a residence, and<br \/>\nfarm buildings. While Crown Grant sketch<br \/>\ndocuments (i.e., the original conveyance of<br \/>\nthe land) were occasionally annotated with<br \/>\nroads, trails, cabins, and land clearing,<br \/>\nthe developed condition of most lands\u2019<br \/>\nagricultural capability prior to widespread<br \/>\nair photography is tough to verify.<\/p>\n<p>However, there is some tricks-of-<br \/>\nthe-trade to reduce this uncertainty.<br \/>\nConsider again the Chemainus example<br \/>\nmentioned earlier. The local government<br \/>\nis the North Cowichan District (NCD),<br \/>\nwhich is one of the oldest municipalities<br \/>\nin British Columbia, established in 1873.<br \/>\nThe NCD has maintained an archive of<br \/>\nall assessment records from the date<br \/>\nof incorporation. The NCD provided<br \/>\nme access to the historic assessment<br \/>\nrecords and provided an archivist to<br \/>\nretrieve the dusty ledgers for each<br \/>\nyear. My goal was to find assessment<br \/>\ninformation for some early land title<br \/>\ntransfer records. Minimal information<br \/>\nwas available for each property, but the<br \/>\nrecords were useful in distinguishing<br \/>\nbetween wild land or unimproved land<br \/>\nand farm land, and the value assigned to<br \/>\nimprovements such as cabins and barns.<br \/>\nThe earliest available air photography<br \/>\nfor this area was from the 1940s and the<br \/>\nassessment research helped to establish<br \/>\nwith more confidence the nature of<br \/>\nagricultural improvements for post-1940<br \/>\nsales. (Tip: a good source for the earliest<br \/>\navailable air photos is the National Air<br \/>\nPhoto Library of Natural Resources<br \/>\nCanada.) Most provinces have additional<br \/>\nair photography available for more<br \/>\ncontemporary periods.<\/p>\n<p>Another of my CSI assignments was<br \/>\na Specific Claim in the Cariboo-Chilcotin<br \/>\n(southcentral BC), a region well known<br \/>\nfor cattle ranching. I was able to analyze<br \/>\nimproved two historic ranch sales by<br \/>\ncomparing air photos around the sale<br \/>\ndate to published autobiographies<br \/>\nof two local ranch families. The<br \/>\nautobiographies described in detail the<br \/>\npurchase and sale of the properties<br \/>\nincluding buildings, improvements,<br \/>\nirrigation, grazing permits, and water<br \/>\nlicences. Family archives can also yield<br \/>\nsome rare finds. The daughter of the<br \/>\nowners of a large well-known ranch<br \/>\nnear Williams Lake was willing to share<br \/>\nan old appraisal report that had been<br \/>\ncompleted just before the sale of the<br \/>\nranch. The message from these CIS-<br \/>\ntype examples is it will be never enough<br \/>\nto cobble together some historic land<br \/>\ntitles, you need to dig a little, or a lot! <\/p>\n<p>Understanding the motivation of<br \/>\nthe parties requires going back in<br \/>\ntime to the prevailing social, legal, and<br \/>\neconomic forces affecting the area over<br \/>\nthe Claim Periods. What are the forces<br \/>\nthat might have influenced the behaviour<br \/>\nof buyers and sellers? For example,<br \/>\ndocumentary research for the early<br \/>\n1900s revealed that South Vancouver<br \/>\nIsland experienced periods of land<br \/>\nspeculation, growth, and recession.<br \/>\nA number of buyers in the early 1900s<br \/>\nwere overseas investors from the United<br \/>\nKingdom. Real estate speculation was<br \/>\ncommon in the UK during this period,<br \/>\nand regions in BC such as South<br \/>\nOkanagan, Kootenays, and Vancouver<br \/>\nIsland were targets for speculators.<br \/>\nInvestors bought and sold properties in<br \/>\nthe same way that many of us buy and<br \/>\nsell stocks in today\u2019s market \u2013 meaning<br \/>\nthat a UK buyer would not necessarily<br \/>\nbe well-informed about local market<br \/>\nconditions in the Cowichan Valley and<br \/>\nmay have paid more for property than an<br \/>\ninformed local resident. <\/p>\n<p>Over my years of Specific Claim research,<br \/>\nI have learned that the best data may not be<br \/>\npublished in official government records. My<br \/>\nfavourite source for understanding market<br \/>\nconditions is local historical societies and<br \/>\narchives, usually staffed by volunteers. These<br \/>\nvolunteers have a passion for preserving<br \/>\nhistory and love the opportunity to share<br \/>\ntheir knowledge, helping with aids and<br \/>\nresearch tips once they understand your<br \/>\nresearch questions. Sadly, local archives<br \/>\nand historical societies are always short<br \/>\nof funding and some fragile documents<br \/>\ncannot be safely stored and conserved.<br \/>\nPlease remember to donate to the archives<br \/>\nand historical societies that have assisted<br \/>\nyou. First Nations community members<br \/>\nare a valuable source of information about<br \/>\nchanges in land-use over time. Statements<br \/>\nby community members are often part of the<br \/>\ncommon records assembled by the Claimant<br \/>\nand Canada as part of the Claim process.<\/p>\n<p>My favourite online research sources<br \/>\nare historic newspapers and city-<br \/>\ntown directories (listings of residents<br \/>\nand businesses). Canadian university<br \/>\nlibraries usually have online holdings of<br \/>\nhistoric newspapers. The University of<br \/>\nSaskatchewan holds the early years of<br \/>\nthe Regina Free Press. The University of<br \/>\nBC holds an amazing collection of short-<br \/>\nlived newspapers for mining towns that no<br \/>\nlonger exist in the Kootenay Region. The<br \/>\nVancouver Public Library holds an online<br \/>\ncollection of directories for town, villages,<br \/>\nand communities in BC dating back to the<br \/>\n1860s, or the colonial period of BC. Library<br \/>\nand Archives Canada and Census Canada<br \/>\nhave historic records for land and timber<br \/>\nleases, permits, and sales, annual reports of<br \/>\ngovernment agencies, and Census reports.<br \/>\nI also commonly rely on University Master\u2019s<br \/>\nand PhD thesis documents, some dating<br \/>\nback to the 1920s; these are also searchable<br \/>\nin most university library systems. Thesis<br \/>\ndocuments will often point to other document<br \/>\nleads given the requirement to cite all<br \/>\nreliance information. As well, I recommend <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 38 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>connecting with your local university\u2019s<br \/>\nFaculty of History to see if a co-op<br \/>\nstudent can provide some research<br \/>\nassistance. Students have access to very<br \/>\npowerful search engines and know how<br \/>\nto use them (probably better than you!).<br \/>\nYou might be surprised at the relevant<br \/>\nrecords that students can download at no<br \/>\ncost from global research sources such<br \/>\nas ABI\/INFORM.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, some thoughts on two<br \/>\nimportant LOU methodologies: the Rate<br \/>\nof Return method and Direct Comparison<br \/>\nApproach. The Rate of Return Method<br \/>\n(RoR) is effectively the reverse of Ground<br \/>\nRent Capitalization: the appraiser starts<br \/>\nwith a known land value and applies a rate<br \/>\nof return to arrive at a notional land rent.<br \/>\nAlternatively, where reasonable market<br \/>\ninformation is available, the appraiser<br \/>\ncan identify rents for unimproved<br \/>\nland through direct comparison, and<br \/>\ndirectly estimate the notional rent for<br \/>\nthe Claimed land. In my experience, it<br \/>\nis best to attempt both methodologies,<br \/>\nand then compare and reconcile the<br \/>\noutcomes for specific periods of time<br \/>\nor eras over the defined Claim Period.<br \/>\nAn alternative simplified method with a<br \/>\nsingle rate of return for the entire Claim<br \/>\nPeriod has also been proposed as a LOU<br \/>\nmethodology. For more information<br \/>\non the fixed rate approach refer to the<br \/>\nWinter 2006 Appraisal Institute Magazine<br \/>\narticle entitled Valuing First Nation Land<br \/>\nClaims and Other Historical Damages,<br \/>\nauthored by Arthur Hosius, PHD and<br \/>\nLawrence Smith, PHD, University of<br \/>\nToronto economists.<\/p>\n<p>In determining land rents for LOU <\/p>\n<p>assignments, you need to balance the<br \/>\nintegrity of analysis with analysis of vast<br \/>\namounts of market data for some time<br \/>\nperiods and gaps in data for other periods.<br \/>\nA mass valuation approach can help avoid<br \/>\ngetting too bogged down and producing<br \/>\na report of 1,000+ pages that lay-people<br \/>\nand the Tribunal (intended users) will not<br \/>\ncomprehend. Reserve lease agreements,<br \/>\npermits, and other land tenures rents<br \/>\nare recorded in the Indian Land Registry<br \/>\nSystem (ILRS) (actually multiple systems),<br \/>\nsome dating back to the 1890s. While<br \/>\nthe general public has access to limited<br \/>\ninformation in the ILRS, you need<br \/>\nadditional authorization to retrieve the<br \/>\ntenure documents and document rents<br \/>\nand fees. Gaining access to the ILRS and<br \/>\nknowing how to query the system are<br \/>\nbasic competencies for Specific Land<br \/>\nClaim assignments. While the ILRS is<br \/>\nfar from exhaustive or complete, it is the<br \/>\nsingle best resource available for lease,<br \/>\nlicence, and permit rents. For example,<br \/>\nI have found lease records dating back<br \/>\nto the 1890s for agricultural lands in<br \/>\nthe Cowichan Valley and mining surface<br \/>\nrights for lands in the Fraser Canyon of<br \/>\nsouthwest BC. <\/p>\n<p>Some closing thoughts on documenting<br \/>\nyour Specific Claims findings, or, how<br \/>\nto prepare a complete and compelling<br \/>\nvaluation report.<\/p>\n<p>In my experience, the most effective<br \/>\nreports are organized with multiple<br \/>\nheadings, sub-headings, and bullet<br \/>\npoints. Avoid jargon, superlatives,<br \/>\nand unsupported opinions. Most legal<br \/>\nprofessionals are adept at sensing<br \/>\nadvocacy so ensure your analysis and <\/p>\n<p>\u2018voice\u2019 are independent and bias-free.<br \/>\nAlways remember that you are writing<br \/>\nfor lay-people who may have limited<br \/>\nunderstanding of appraisal principles and<br \/>\ngenerally accepted practices. Reports<br \/>\nshould include a glossary of terms,<br \/>\nfootnotes for all sources cited, and an<br \/>\nexplanation of the assignment and your<br \/>\noverall findings. LOU reports can include<br \/>\nself-contained valuation sections for<br \/>\nspecific valuation eras or periods of time<br \/>\nwith consistent social, economic, and<br \/>\nlegal influences. This approach makes it<br \/>\neasier for intended users to understand<br \/>\nyour findings and supporting analysis,<br \/>\nand to see the logical progression from<br \/>\none era to the next. Think of your report<br \/>\nas one large economic model that depicts<br \/>\nhow land values and rents evolved over a<br \/>\nperiod of time.<\/p>\n<p>Over my 12 years of Specific Claims<br \/>\nassignments, I have found these to be the<br \/>\nmost challenging and rewarding of my<br \/>\ncareer. Specific Claims are a small niche<br \/>\nin the appraisal business with very few<br \/>\nqualified members and I feel privileged to<br \/>\nbe a part of this group of recognized land-<br \/>\nCSI investigators. If you think you have<br \/>\nthe skills, abilities, and CSI instincts to<br \/>\nbroaden your scope of practice, you<br \/>\nmay find that partnering with an<br \/>\nexperienced Claims appraiser<br \/>\nis the best way to gain<br \/>\ncompetency in this<br \/>\narea. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThink of your report as one large economic<br \/>\nmodel that depicts how land values and rents<br \/>\nevolved over a period of time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 39Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>S i vous \u00eates un \u00e9valuateur attentif aux d\u00e9tails, que vous vous int\u00e9ressez \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du<br \/>\nCanada et des peuples indig\u00e8nes et que<br \/>\nvous ne craignez pas de faire quelques<br \/>\nrecherches, vous constaterez peut-\u00eatre<br \/>\nque les revendications territoriales<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res sont un cr\u00e9neau en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation, J\u2019aime consid\u00e9rer les<br \/>\ncontrats de service li\u00e9s aux revendications<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res comme des enqu\u00eates<br \/>\nhistoriques sur la sc\u00e8ne de crimes (ESC).<br \/>\nComme les enqu\u00eateurs des \u00e9missions<br \/>\n\u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision et sur Netflix, le succ\u00e8s<br \/>\nest le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un esprit analytique, de<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tences en communication et de<br \/>\ncapacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes. Les<br \/>\nclients exigent des rapports d\u2019une rigueur<br \/>\n\u00e9quivalente \u00e0 une th\u00e8se universitaire et<br \/>\nun catalogue de documents fiables. La cl\u00e9<br \/>\ndu succ\u00e8s r\u00e9side dans l\u2019assemblage de<br \/>\ndocuments et d\u2019archives. <\/p>\n<p>Commen\u00e7ons par quelques<br \/>\ninformations sur les revendications<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res et le jargon qui s\u2019y rapporte. <\/p>\n<p>Les revendications particuli\u00e8res sont<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9clamations en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats<br \/>\npr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par une Premi\u00e8re Nation<br \/>\n(c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les demandeurs) contre la<br \/>\nCouronne, ou le Dominion du Canada. <\/p>\n<p>Les revendications se r\u00e9partissent<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en plusieurs cat\u00e9gories<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rales : mauvaise administration des<br \/>\nterres et autres ressources des Premi\u00e8res<br \/>\nNations (par exemple, bois, gaz, p\u00e9trole<br \/>\nou min\u00e9raux), promesse de fournir des<br \/>\nterres de r\u00e9serve qui n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 tenue, ou<br \/>\nmorcellement des terres de r\u00e9serve sans<br \/>\nindemnisation ad\u00e9quate. <\/p>\n<p>Historiquement, les tribunaux<br \/>\n\u00e9taient la seule voie pour r\u00e9soudre les<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamations des Premi\u00e8res Nations<br \/>\nconcernant les injustices li\u00e9es aux<br \/>\nr\u00e9serves. En 2008, le Tribunal des<br \/>\nrevendications particuli\u00e8res a \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\ncr\u00e9\u00e9 pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la r\u00e9solution des<br \/>\nrevendications particuli\u00e8res. Le Tribunal<br \/>\nest une initiative conjointe de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e<br \/>\ndes Premi\u00e8res Nations et du Canada.<br \/>\nLes revendications sont entendues par<br \/>\nun organisme ind\u00e9pendant compos\u00e9 de<br \/>\njuges f\u00e9d\u00e9raux nomm\u00e9s par les cours<br \/>\nsup\u00e9rieures provinciales de tout le pays. <\/p>\n<p>La plupart des revendications<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res impliquent une<br \/>\nindemnisation pour les terres et<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessitent des rapports d\u2019experts<br \/>\ntels que des \u00e9valuations. Au cours du<br \/>\nprocessus de revendication, les rapports<br \/>\nd\u2019experts sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9pos\u00e9s <\/p>\n<p>aupr\u00e8s du Tribunal par les deux parties :<br \/>\nles Premi\u00e8res Nations et le Canada. Comme<br \/>\nles tribunaux ordinaires, le Tribunal a des<br \/>\nr\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure particuli\u00e8res pour les<br \/>\nsoumissions, l\u2019admission des preuves et<br \/>\nles audiences. <\/p>\n<p>La Loi sur les revendications<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res pr\u00e9voit plusieurs types<br \/>\nd\u2019indemnisation possibles. La nature<br \/>\nde la revendication peut n\u00e9cessiter un<br \/>\nou les trois types de contrat de service :<br \/>\nvaleur marchande actuelle non am\u00e9lior\u00e9e,<br \/>\nvaleur marchande r\u00e9trospective et<br \/>\nperte d\u2019utilisation. Les \u00e9valuations de la<br \/>\nvaleur marchande r\u00e9trospective et de la<br \/>\nperte d\u2019utilisation sont des contrats de<br \/>\nservice d\u2019\u00e9valuation tr\u00e8s difficiles,<br \/>\nprincipalement en raison des dates<br \/>\nd&rsquo;\u00e9valuation historiques, des<br \/>\ntermes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et des<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses atypiques,<br \/>\nde l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue du travail et<br \/>\nde la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 trouver et \u00e0<br \/>\ninterpr\u00e9ter les informations<br \/>\nhistoriques sur le march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Le contrat de service le plus<br \/>\ncomplexe et le plus difficile en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nde revendications particuli\u00e8res est la perte<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation. Le pr\u00e9sent article se concentre<br \/>\nsur les m\u00e9thodologies et les recherches <\/p>\n<p>Evaluation en mati\u00e8re<br \/>\nde revendications<br \/>\nterritoriales particuli\u00e8res :<br \/>\nESC (enqu\u00eate sur la sc\u00e8ne du crime) historique<br \/>\nPar John Peebles, AACI, P. App., (RPF Ret.), Land Ethic Consulting Ltd.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 40 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>uniques en mati\u00e8re de perte d\u2019utilisation.<br \/>\nLa perte d\u2019utilisation est la perte financi\u00e8re<br \/>\nqu\u2019une Premi\u00e8re Nation peut avoir subie<br \/>\nau cours d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9clamation<br \/>\nd\u00e9finie pour des terres d\u00e9sign\u00e9es comme<br \/>\nr\u00e9serve ou pour des terres qui avaient<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 promises comme r\u00e9serve. La plupart<br \/>\ndes rapports d&rsquo;experts sur la perte<br \/>\nd&rsquo;utilisation interpr\u00e8tent la perte financi\u00e8re<br \/>\nde l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une terre comme \u00e9tant<br \/>\n\u00e9quivalente au revenu locatif th\u00e9orique<br \/>\nde la terre revendiqu\u00e9e pour chaque<br \/>\nann\u00e9e de la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9clamation. La<br \/>\nsomme du loyer th\u00e9orique annuel report\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 la valeur actuelle repr\u00e9sente la perte<br \/>\ntotale d\u2019utilisation. Un d\u00e9bat est en cours<br \/>\npour savoir si le loyer th\u00e9orique annuel<br \/>\nest un loyer net ou un loyer brut et si un<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eat en fief simple est la base correcte<br \/>\npour d\u00e9terminer le loyer. Notez que la<br \/>\nvaleur des am\u00e9liorations apport\u00e9es par la<br \/>\nPremi\u00e8re Nation ou d\u2019autres personnes au<br \/>\ncours de la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9clamation n\u2019est<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas incluse dans l\u2019analyse<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8re de la perte d\u2019utilisation. <\/p>\n<p>Pour la douzaine de contrats de<br \/>\nservice de revendications particuli\u00e8res<br \/>\nauxquelles j\u2019ai particip\u00e9, les p\u00e9riodes de<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamation ont tendance \u00e0 commencer<br \/>\nau d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1900 ou plus t\u00f4t. Les<br \/>\nterres revendiqu\u00e9es sont souvent situ\u00e9es<br \/>\ndans des r\u00e9gions rurales et \u00e9loign\u00e9es du<br \/>\nCanada, ce qui amplifie les probl\u00e8mes de<br \/>\nrecherche de donn\u00e9es sur le march\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un contrat de service<br \/>\ndans le sud de l\u2019 \u00eele de Vancouver, j\u2019ai d\u00fb<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer les valeurs r\u00e9trospectives<br \/>\net la perte d\u2019utilisation d\u2019une emprise<br \/>\nde chemin de fer qui a coup\u00e9 une petite<br \/>\nr\u00e9serve pr\u00e8s de la communaut\u00e9 de<br \/>\nChemainus. Le mandat de ce contrat de<br \/>\nservice exigeait des estimations de la<br \/>\nperte d\u2019utilisation pour trois p\u00e9riodes<br \/>\nde r\u00e9clamation concernant trois zones<br \/>\ndistinctes. La premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode de<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamation de la perte d\u2019utilisation<br \/>\ns\u2019\u00e9tendait de 1885 \u00e0 1963. Il me fallait<br \/>\ntrouver les conditions du march\u00e9, la valeur<br \/>\ndes terres et les taux de rendement pour<br \/>\nles p\u00e9riodes de r\u00e9clamation. Ma premi\u00e8re<br \/>\n\u00e9tape a \u00e9t\u00e9 de mettre un peu d\u2019ordre<br \/>\ndans ce contrat de service tr\u00e8s complexe.<br \/>\nJ\u2019ai \u00e9labor\u00e9 un plan de recherche<br \/>\nqui d\u00e9finissait les t\u00e2ches, l\u2019ordre des<br \/>\nrecherches (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les priorit\u00e9s),<br \/>\nles sources de donn\u00e9es de recherche<br \/>\net les dates cibles. Le plan indiquait<br \/>\n\u00e9galement les heures et les honoraires<br \/>\nprofessionnels, les d\u00e9penses, le besoin de <\/p>\n<p>sous-traitants sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s (par exemple,<br \/>\nhistoriens, g\u00e9om\u00e8tres,<br \/>\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9s de cartographie<br \/>\net chercheurs en titres <\/p>\n<p>fonciers) et la s\u00e9quence<br \/>\nlogique du travail. Une fois <\/p>\n<p>cette feuille de route<br \/>\nesquiss\u00e9e, j\u2019ai pu me<br \/>\nplonger dans l\u2019\u00e9tude de <\/p>\n<p>march\u00e9, en me concentrant<br \/>\nsur les terres revendiqu\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019analyse d\u2019une perte d\u2019utilisation<br \/>\nn\u00e9cessite quatre domaines d&rsquo;\u00e9tude<br \/>\nde march\u00e9 : l&rsquo;identification, les loyers <\/p>\n<p>fonciers, les taux de rendement de la valeur<br \/>\ndes terrains et les conditions du march\u00e9<br \/>\npendant la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9clamation. Les<br \/>\nloyers fonciers peuvent provenir de terres<br \/>\nde r\u00e9serve ou de non-r\u00e9serve. Cependant,<br \/>\nles loyers des r\u00e9serves sont plus faciles<br \/>\n\u00e0 obtenir pour les p\u00e9riodes historiques,<br \/>\ncar il n\u2019existe pas de registre central des<br \/>\nloyers des terres hors r\u00e9serve. Les loyers<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9serves sont \u00e9galement de bons<br \/>\nindicateurs de l\u2019utilisation des terres,<br \/>\npuisque la politique du gouvernement a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9, au fil des ans, d\u2019\u00e9tablir des loyers<br \/>\nbas\u00e9s sur la capacit\u00e9 des terres non<br \/>\nam\u00e9lior\u00e9es, comme dans le cas de<br \/>\nl\u2019utilisation des terres. Les donn\u00e9es de<br \/>\nmarch\u00e9 les plus convaincantes pour la<br \/>\nperte d\u2019utilisation seront celles des<br \/>\nr\u00e9serves qui sont similaires aux terres<br \/>\nrevendiqu\u00e9es en termes de localisation<br \/>\net de caract\u00e9ristiques fonci\u00e8res. Nous<br \/>\ndonnerons plus d\u2019informations sur la<br \/>\nrecherche sur les loyers des r\u00e9serves<br \/>\nplus loin dans cet article. <\/p>\n<p>La recherche sur les loyers des terres<br \/>\na deux objectifs : les loyers sont des<br \/>\nindicateurs de la valeur locative pour<br \/>\nla m\u00e9thode de comparaison directe et<br \/>\ncontribuent aux taux de rendement calcul\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p> Les clients exigent des<br \/>\nrapports d\u2019une rigueur<br \/>\n\u00e9quivalente \u00e0 une th\u00e8se<br \/>\nuniversitaire et un catalogue<br \/>\nde documents fiables.<br \/>\nLa cl\u00e9 du succ\u00e8s r\u00e9side<br \/>\ndans l\u2019assemblage de<br \/>\ndocuments et d\u2019archives.  <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 41Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Disons que les terres de la r\u00e9serve ayant<br \/>\nun bon potentiel agricole dans la r\u00e9gion<br \/>\nde Creston, dans la r\u00e9gion de Kootenay,<br \/>\n\u00e9taient lou\u00e9es \u00e0 10 dollars l\u2019acre et par an<br \/>\ndans les ann\u00e9es 1950. Si ces terres sont<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentatives des terres revendiqu\u00e9es,<br \/>\nvous pouvez \u00e9tablir la valeur notionnelle<br \/>\ndes terres de r\u00e9serve lou\u00e9es en effectuant<br \/>\ndes recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sur<br \/>\nles ventes de titres fonciers. Si la valeur<br \/>\nmarchande th\u00e9orique des terres de<br \/>\nr\u00e9serve lou\u00e9es est de 200 dollars l\u2019acre<br \/>\n\u00e0 la date de location ou aux alentours,<br \/>\nle taux de rendement th\u00e9orique sera de<br \/>\n5 %. Si vous rassemblez suffisamment<br \/>\nd\u2019indicateurs de taux de rendement,<br \/>\ndes mod\u00e8les se d\u00e9gagent et un taux de<br \/>\nrendement du march\u00e9 peut \u00eatre conclu<br \/>\npour les terres revendiqu\u00e9es. Ce taux<br \/>\n\u00e9voluera dans le temps en fonction<br \/>\ndes forces habituelles du march\u00e9 local<br \/>\net r\u00e9gional. La principale hypoth\u00e8se<br \/>\nextraordinaire pour cette analyse est<br \/>\nque la valeur des terres de la r\u00e9serve<br \/>\nest repr\u00e9sentative de celle de terres<br \/>\nsimilaires hors r\u00e9serve. Il existe un<br \/>\ncertain d\u00e9saccord sur ce principe, mais la<br \/>\nplupart des chercheurs dans le domaine<br \/>\nde la perte d\u2019utilisation en Colombie-<\/p>\n<p>Britannique n\u2019ajustent pas la valeur des<br \/>\nterres de r\u00e9serve pour tenir compte de<br \/>\nla nature de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le fief<br \/>\nsimple du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral d\u00e9tenu en<br \/>\nfiducie pour les Premi\u00e8res Nations). <\/p>\n<p>La principale source des valeurs<br \/>\nfonci\u00e8res historiques est constitu\u00e9e par<br \/>\nles dossiers du bureau provincial des titres<br \/>\nfonciers. En Colombie-Britannique, la Land<br \/>\nTitle &#038; Survey Authority (LTSA) fournit<br \/>\ndes titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 contemporains en<br \/>\nligne. La plupart des titres ant\u00e9rieurs aux<br \/>\nann\u00e9es 1960 ne sont disponibles que sur<br \/>\nmicrofilm. En outre, il existe des milliers<br \/>\nde copies de cartes sur papier et de<br \/>\ntrac\u00e9s sur toiles de lin, croquis et plans<br \/>\nd\u2019arpentage historiques qui ne sont ni<br \/>\nnum\u00e9ris\u00e9s ni microfilm\u00e9s. Cela signifie que<br \/>\nvous devez engager un expert qualifi\u00e9 en<br \/>\nrecherche de titres fonciers pour effectuer<br \/>\ndes recherches sous votre direction ou<br \/>\nque vous devez avoir l\u2019autorisation et les<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour effectuer<br \/>\nles recherches vous-m\u00eame. <\/p>\n<p>J\u2019ai appris que la meilleure fa\u00e7on de<br \/>\nfixer des priorit\u00e9s pour la recherche sur<br \/>\nles titres fonciers est d\u2019analyser \u00e0 la fois<br \/>\nles cartes historiques et la cartographie<br \/>\ncontemporaine en ligne de la zone <\/p>\n<p>entourant les terres revendiqu\u00e9es et<br \/>\nde dresser une liste des pistes de vente<br \/>\npotentielles de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s rurales.<br \/>\nL\u2019\u00e9tape suivante, le processus de<br \/>\nrecherche de titres, n\u00e9cessitera une<br \/>\ncompr\u00e9hension g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la mani\u00e8re<br \/>\ndont les titres fonciers sont enregistr\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans votre province. Par exemple, en<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique, la meilleure<br \/>\napproche consiste g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0<br \/>\ncommencer par la concession initiale<br \/>\nde la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 par la Couronne et \u00e0<br \/>\nrechercher les transferts de titres<br \/>\nsuccessifs. Cette approche g\u00e9n\u00e8re<br \/>\ndes reventes multiples &#8211; tr\u00e8s utile<br \/>\npour comprendre les tendances des<br \/>\nconditions du march\u00e9. Si les formats des<br \/>\nenregistrements de transfert de titres<br \/>\nde propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 au fil des ans,<br \/>\nla plupart ont des \u00e9l\u00e9ments communs :<br \/>\nla description l\u00e9gale de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, le<br \/>\nprix ou la valeur de transfert d\u00e9clar\u00e9 (le<br \/>\nprix de vente), les parties \u00e0 l\u2019achat et \u00e0 la<br \/>\nvente, et la date de transfert du titre (la<br \/>\ndate de vente). Soyez pr\u00eat \u00e0 faire face aux<br \/>\nfrustrations et aux d\u00e9fis d\u2019une recherche<br \/>\napprofondie sur les titres fonciers. Il se<br \/>\npeut que vous ayez l\u2019impression d\u2019avoir<br \/>\nd\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d\u2019argent pour un<br \/>\nr\u00e9sultat tr\u00e8s pauvre. Vous pouvez vous<br \/>\nattendre \u00e0 du temps et \u00e0 des d\u00e9penses de<br \/>\nrecherche pour 20 \u00e0 30 transferts pour<br \/>\nchaque propri\u00e9t\u00e9 cibl\u00e9e, \u00e0 une mauvaise<br \/>\nqualit\u00e9 des documents microfilm\u00e9s, \u00e0 un<br \/>\npourcentage \u00e9lev\u00e9 de transferts de titres<br \/>\navec lien de d\u00e9pendance impliquant des<br \/>\nparties li\u00e9es et des successions, \u00e0 des<br \/>\nlacunes dans la motivation des parties<br \/>\net \u00e0 une incertitude concernant les<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorations fonci\u00e8res. La d\u00e9pendance<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des ventes de terres am\u00e9lior\u00e9es<br \/>\nest un probl\u00e8me puisque l\u2019analyse des<br \/>\npertes d\u2019utilisation se concentre sur la<br \/>\nperte financi\u00e8re de l\u2019utilisation des terres<br \/>\nnon am\u00e9lior\u00e9es. L\u2019utilisation de ventes<br \/>\nde terres am\u00e9lior\u00e9es non corrig\u00e9es<br \/>\nfaussera l\u2019analyse et r\u00e9duira la fiabilit\u00e9<br \/>\ndes estimations de la perte d\u2019utilisation. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 42 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>Vous devez \u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies<br \/>\npour faire face aux co\u00fbts de la recherche,<br \/>\naux lacunes dans la compr\u00e9hension de<br \/>\nla motivation des parties et \u00e0 la nature<br \/>\ndes am\u00e9liorations. <\/p>\n<p>Le temps et le co\u00fbt de la recherche<br \/>\nsur les titres fonciers et le Syst\u00e8me<br \/>\nd\u2019enregistrement des terres indiennes<br \/>\npeuvent repr\u00e9senter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20 % du co\u00fbt<br \/>\ntotal d\u2019un contrat de service sur la perte<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation. Avant de commencer un<br \/>\ntel contrat de service et de r\u00e9diger une<br \/>\nproposition d\u00e9taill\u00e9e, vous devez avoir<br \/>\nune discussion franche avec votre client<br \/>\nsur la difficult\u00e9, le temps et le co\u00fbt de<br \/>\nl\u2019analyse de la perte d\u2019utilisation. N\u2019oubliez<br \/>\npas que le potentiel d\u2019indemnisation des<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamations peut atteindre 150 millions<br \/>\nde dollars et que les clients s\u2019attendront \u00e0<br \/>\nce que vous r\u00e9alisiez une analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<br \/>\net rigoureuse. Je trouve utile de pr\u00e9ciser<br \/>\nque l\u2019avocat de la partie adverse et ses<br \/>\nexperts passeront deux \u00e0 trois heures \u00e0<br \/>\nexaminer chaque heure de travail que vous<br \/>\navez consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de la perte<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation (et vice versa). Vous pourrez<br \/>\npeut-\u00eatre \u00e9viter \u00e0 votre client des frais<br \/>\nde recherche en commen\u00e7ant par une<br \/>\ncourte liste de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s potentielles et en<br \/>\n\u00e9largissant la liste uniquement lorsque des<br \/>\ninformations plus utiles sont n\u00e9cessaires.<br \/>\nVous pouvez \u00e9galement donner des<br \/>\ninstructions \u00e0 vos chercheurs de titres<br \/>\nfonciers pour \u00e9viter de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des<br \/>\ndocuments pour des transferts avec lien de<br \/>\nd\u00e9pendance, ce qui permet d\u2019\u00e9conomiser<br \/>\ncertains frais d\u2019impression. Toutefois, les<br \/>\nchercheurs devront toujours rechercher<br \/>\ndes titres successifs pour trouver le<br \/>\nprochain transfert de ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, au<br \/>\nmoins dans le registre des titres fonciers<br \/>\nde la Colombie-Britannique. Gardez \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019esprit que la plupart des bureaux des<br \/>\ntitres fonciers ne veulent pas que votre<br \/>\nchercheur monopolise les rares lecteurs<br \/>\nde microfilms, car d\u2019autres chercheurs<br \/>\nont besoin d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des documents<br \/>\nhistoriques pour d\u2019autres recherches <\/p>\n<p>li\u00e9es \u00e0 des questions juridiques, \u00e0<br \/>\nla g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie, etc. Par exemple, le<br \/>\nbureau des titres fonciers de Victoria,<br \/>\nen Colombie- Britannique, ne dispose<br \/>\nque d\u2019un ou deux lecteurs-imprimantes<br \/>\nde microfilms qui fonctionnent bien.<br \/>\nLa concurrence pour ces machines<br \/>\nsignifie qu\u2019un chercheur qui reste trop<br \/>\nlongtemps sur la meilleure machine<br \/>\nrisque de s\u2019attirer des r\u00e9primandes. Vous<br \/>\npouvez \u00e9galement all\u00e9ger la recherche<br \/>\nsur le registre des terres indiennes en<br \/>\nconcentrant la recherche sur les loyers sur<br \/>\nles r\u00e9serves des Premi\u00e8res Nations ayant<br \/>\ndes caract\u00e9ristiques similaires \u00e0 celles<br \/>\ndes terres revendiqu\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>Britannique, comme d\u2019autres provinces<br \/>\nde l\u2019Ouest, ont encourag\u00e9 la colonisation<br \/>\npr\u00e9coce des terres de la Couronne par le<br \/>\nbiais de pr\u00e9emptions. Dans ce processus,<br \/>\nun \u00ab pr\u00e9empteur \u00bb pouvait acheter des<br \/>\nterres de la Couronne \u00e0 un prix nominal,<br \/>\ns\u2019il r\u00e9alisait un certain d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nfoncier et vivait sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Cela<br \/>\nsignifie que presque toutes les reventes de<br \/>\nterres rurales pr\u00e9empt\u00e9es comportaient<br \/>\nune forme quelconque de d\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nfoncier, une r\u00e9sidence et des b\u00e2timents<br \/>\nagricoles. Bien que les croquis de la<br \/>\nconcession de la Couronne (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le<br \/>\ntransfert original de la terre) aient parfois<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 annot\u00e9s avec des routes, des sentiers,<br \/>\ndes cabanes et des d\u00e9frichements, l\u2019\u00e9tat de<br \/>\nd\u00e9veloppement de la capacit\u00e9 agricole de la<br \/>\nplupart des terres avant la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation<br \/>\nde la photographie a\u00e9rienne est difficile<br \/>\n\u00e0 v\u00e9rifier.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, il existe quelques astuces<br \/>\npour r\u00e9duire cette incertitude. Reprenons<br \/>\nl\u2019exemple de Chemainus mentionn\u00e9<br \/>\npr\u00e9c\u00e9demment. Le gouvernement local est<br \/>\nle North Cowichan District (NCD), qui est<br \/>\nl\u2019une des plus anciennes municipalit\u00e9s de<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1873. Le<br \/>\nNCD a conserv\u00e9 des archives de tous les<br \/>\ndossiers d\u2019\u00e9valuation depuis la date de son<br \/>\nincorporation. Les autorit\u00e9s du NCD m\u2019ont<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 acc\u00e8s aux dossiers d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nhistoriques et ont mis \u00e0 ma disposition un<br \/>\narchiviste pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les registres<br \/>\npoussi\u00e9reux de chaque ann\u00e9e. Mon<br \/>\nobjectif \u00e9tait de trouver des informations<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation pour certains des premiers<br \/>\ndocuments de transfert de titres fonciers.<br \/>\nUn minimum d\u2019informations \u00e9tait disponible<br \/>\npour chaque propri\u00e9t\u00e9, mais les dossiers<br \/>\n\u00e9taient utiles pour distinguer les terres<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage ou non am\u00e9lior\u00e9es des<br \/>\nterres agricoles, et la valeur attribu\u00e9e aux<br \/>\nam\u00e9liorations telles que les cabanes et<br \/>\nles granges. Les premi\u00e8res photographies<br \/>\na\u00e9riennes disponibles pour cette r\u00e9gion<br \/>\ndatent des ann\u00e9es 1940 et les recherches<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation ont permis d\u2019\u00e9tablir avec plus <\/p>\n<p>Les titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re plus<br \/>\nanciens peuvent \u00eatre en mauvais \u00e9tat et les<br \/>\nversions scann\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre difficiles<br \/>\n\u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter. Ce probl\u00e8me peut \u00eatre<br \/>\nsurmont\u00e9 dans certains cas en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rant<br \/>\nle document original dans les coffres<br \/>\ndu bureau des titres fonciers. Chaque<br \/>\nbureau provincial des titres fonciers<br \/>\naura probablement des politiques et des<br \/>\nrestrictions diff\u00e9rentes pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces<br \/>\ndocuments fragiles et sensibles. <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tat du terrain \u00e0 la date de la vente<br \/>\nest souvent difficile \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer \u00e9tant<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9 le passage du temps, le manque de<br \/>\nphotographies a\u00e9riennes avant les ann\u00e9es<br \/>\n1930 et les politiques gouvernementales<br \/>\nen mati\u00e8re de colonisation des terres.<br \/>\nLa colonie de l\u2019 \u00eele de Vancouver et,<br \/>\nplus tard, la province de la Colombie-<\/p>\n<p> Vous devez \u00e9laborer<br \/>\ndes strat\u00e9gies pour faire<br \/>\nface aux co\u00fbts de la<br \/>\nrecherche, aux lacunes<br \/>\ndans la compr\u00e9hension de la<br \/>\nmotivation des parties et \u00e0 la<br \/>\nnature des am\u00e9liorations.   <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 43Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>de certitude la nature des am\u00e9liorations<br \/>\nagricoles pour les ventes apr\u00e8s 1940.<br \/>\n(Conseil : une bonne source pour les<br \/>\npremi\u00e8res photos a\u00e9riennes disponibles<br \/>\nest la Phototh\u00e8que nationale de l\u2019air de<br \/>\nRessources naturelles Canada). La plupart<br \/>\ndes provinces disposent de photographies<br \/>\na\u00e9riennes suppl\u00e9mentaires pour des<br \/>\np\u00e9riodes plus contemporaines.<\/p>\n<p> Un autre de mes contrats de service<br \/>\nd\u2019ESC \u00e9tait une revendication particuli\u00e8re<br \/>\ndans la r\u00e9gion de Cariboo-Chilcotin<br \/>\n(centre-sud de la Colombie-Britannique),<br \/>\nune r\u00e9gion bien connue pour l\u2019\u00e9levage<br \/>\ndu b\u00e9tail. J&rsquo;ai pu analyser deux ventes<br \/>\nhistoriques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de ranchs en<br \/>\ncomparant des photos a\u00e9riennes autour de<br \/>\nla date de vente avec les autobiographies<br \/>\npubli\u00e9es de deux familles de ranchs<br \/>\nlocales. Les autobiographies d\u00e9crivent en<br \/>\nd\u00e9tail l\u2019achat et la vente des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, y<br \/>\ncompris les b\u00e2timents, les am\u00e9liorations,<br \/>\nl\u2019irrigation, les permis de p\u00e2turage et<br \/>\nles licences d\u2019utilisation de l\u2019eau. Les<br \/>\narchives familiales peuvent \u00e9galement<br \/>\nfournir quelques trouvailles rares. La fille<br \/>\ndes propri\u00e9taires d\u2019un grand ranch bien<br \/>\nconnu pr\u00e8s de Williams Lake a accept\u00e9 de<br \/>\npartager un ancien rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nqui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 juste avant la vente<br \/>\ndu ranch. Le message qui ressort de<br \/>\nces exemples de type ESC est qu\u2019il ne<br \/>\nsuffira jamais de bricoler quelques titres<br \/>\nfonciers historiques, il faut creuser un peu,<br \/>\nou beaucoup! <\/p>\n<p>Pour comprendre la motivation des<br \/>\nparties, il faut remonter dans le temps<br \/>\njusqu\u2019aux forces sociales, juridiques<br \/>\net \u00e9conomiques qui pr\u00e9valaient dans<br \/>\nla r\u00e9gion pendant les p\u00e9riodes de<br \/>\nr\u00e9clamation. Quelles sont les forces qui<br \/>\nont pu influencer le comportement des<br \/>\nacheteurs et des vendeurs? Par exemple,<br \/>\nune recherche documentaire pour le d\u00e9but<br \/>\ndes ann\u00e9es 1900 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le sud de<br \/>\nl\u2019 \u00eele de Vancouver a connu des p\u00e9riodes de<br \/>\nsp\u00e9culation fonci\u00e8re, de croissance et de<br \/>\nr\u00e9cession. Un certain nombre d\u2019acheteurs <\/p>\n<p>au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1900 \u00e9taient des<br \/>\ninvestisseurs \u00e9trangers du Royaume-<br \/>\nUni. La sp\u00e9culation immobili\u00e8re \u00e9tait<br \/>\ncourante au Royaume-Uni pendant cette<br \/>\np\u00e9riode, et des r\u00e9gions de la Colombie-<br \/>\nBritannique comme le sud de l\u2019Okanagan,<br \/>\nles Kootenays et l\u2019 \u00eele de Vancouver \u00e9taient<br \/>\ndes cibles pour les sp\u00e9culateurs. Les<br \/>\ninvestisseurs achetaient et vendaient<br \/>\ndes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que<br \/>\nbeaucoup d\u2019entre nous ach\u00e8tent et vendent<br \/>\ndes actions sur le march\u00e9 actuel &#8211; ce<br \/>\nqui signifie qu\u2019un acheteur britannique,<br \/>\npas n\u00e9cessairement bien inform\u00e9 des<br \/>\nconditions du march\u00e9 local dans la vall\u00e9e<br \/>\nde la Cowichan, pourrait avoir pay\u00e9 plus<br \/>\ncher pour une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019un r\u00e9sident<br \/>\nlocal bien inform\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>toujours \u00e0 court de financement et certains<br \/>\ndocuments fragiles ne peuvent \u00eatre<br \/>\nstock\u00e9s et conserv\u00e9s en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<br \/>\nN\u2019oubliez pas de faire un don aux archives<br \/>\net aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s historiques qui vous ont<br \/>\naid\u00e9. Les membres des communaut\u00e9s<br \/>\ndes Premi\u00e8res Nations sont une source<br \/>\npr\u00e9cieuse d\u2019informations sur l\u2019\u00e9volution<br \/>\nde l\u2019utilisation des terres au fil du temps.<br \/>\nLes d\u00e9clarations des membres de la<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9 font souvent partie des<br \/>\ndossiers communs rassembl\u00e9s par le<br \/>\ndemandeur et le Canada dans le cadre du<br \/>\nprocessus de r\u00e9clamation. <\/p>\n<p>Mes sources de recherche en ligne<br \/>\npr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es sont les journaux historiques et<br \/>\nles annuaires de villes (listes des r\u00e9sidents<br \/>\net des entreprises). Les biblioth\u00e8ques<br \/>\nuniversitaires canadiennes poss\u00e8dent<br \/>\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des fonds en ligne de<br \/>\njournaux historiques. L\u2019universit\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nSaskatchewan d\u00e9tient les premi\u00e8res<br \/>\nann\u00e9es du Regina Free Press. L\u2019universit\u00e9<br \/>\nde la Colombie-Britannique poss\u00e8de<br \/>\nune \u00e9tonnante collection de journaux<br \/>\n\u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res pour les villes mini\u00e8res<br \/>\nqui n\u2019existent plus dans la r\u00e9gion<br \/>\nde Kootenay. La biblioth\u00e8que publique<br \/>\nde Vancouver poss\u00e8de une collection en<br \/>\nligne d\u2019annuaires des villes, villages et<br \/>\ncommunaut\u00e9s de Colombie-Britannique<br \/>\ndatant des ann\u00e9es 1860, ou de la p\u00e9riode<br \/>\ncoloniale de la Colombie-Britannique.<br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada et<br \/>\nRecensement Canada disposent de<br \/>\ndocuments historiques concernant les<br \/>\nbaux, les permis et les ventes de terres<br \/>\net de bois, les rapports annuels des<br \/>\nagences gouvernementales et les rapports<br \/>\nde recensement. Je m\u2019appuie aussi<br \/>\ncouramment sur des documents de th\u00e8ses<br \/>\nde ma\u00eetrise et de doctorat universitaires,<br \/>\ndont certains remontent aux ann\u00e9es<br \/>\n1920; ces documents sont \u00e9galement<br \/>\nconsultables dans la plupart des syst\u00e8mes<br \/>\nde biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires. Les<br \/>\ndocuments de th\u00e8se renvoient souvent<br \/>\n\u00e0 d\u2019autres pistes documentaires, \u00e9tant <\/p>\n<p>Au cours de mes ann\u00e9es de recherche<br \/>\nsur les revendications particuli\u00e8res, j\u2019ai<br \/>\nappris que les meilleures donn\u00e9es ne sont<br \/>\npas forc\u00e9ment publi\u00e9es dans les registres<br \/>\nofficiels du gouvernement. Ma source<br \/>\npr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e pour comprendre les conditions<br \/>\ndu march\u00e9 est constitu\u00e9e par les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\net les archives historiques locales, dont le<br \/>\npersonnel est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9 de<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9voles. Ces b\u00e9n\u00e9voles sont passionn\u00e9s<br \/>\npar la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019histoire et<br \/>\naiment avoir l\u2019occasion de partager leurs<br \/>\nconnaissances, d\u2019apporter leur aide et<br \/>\nde donner des conseils de recherche une<br \/>\nfois qu\u2019ils ont compris vos questions de<br \/>\nrecherche. Malheureusement, les archives<br \/>\net les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s historiques locales sont <\/p>\n<p> Consid\u00e9rez votre rapport<br \/>\ncomme un grand mod\u00e8le<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique qui d\u00e9crit<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9volution de la valeur<br \/>\ndes terres et des loyers sur<br \/>\nune p\u00e9riode donn\u00e9e.  <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 44 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>donn\u00e9 l\u2019obligation de citer toutes les<br \/>\ninformations sur lesquelles ils reposent.<br \/>\nDe plus, je vous recommande de prendre<br \/>\ncontact avec la facult\u00e9 d\u2019histoire de votre<br \/>\nuniversit\u00e9 locale pour voir si un \u00e9tudiant<br \/>\npourrait vous aider dans vos recherches.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9tudiants ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des moteurs<br \/>\nde recherche tr\u00e8s puissants et savent<br \/>\ncomment les utiliser (probablement mieux<br \/>\nque vous!). Vous pourriez \u00eatre surpris par<br \/>\nles dossiers pertinents que les \u00e9tudiants<br \/>\npeuvent t\u00e9l\u00e9charger gratuitement \u00e0 partir<br \/>\nde sources de recherche mondiales telles<br \/>\nque ABI\/INFORM. <\/p>\n<p>Enfin, quelques r\u00e9flexions sur deux<br \/>\nimportantes m\u00e9thodologies en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\nperte d\u2019utilisation : la m\u00e9thode du taux de<br \/>\nrendement et la m\u00e9thode de comparaison<br \/>\ndirecte. La m\u00e9thode du taux de rendement<br \/>\nest en fait l\u2019inverse de la capitalisation<br \/>\nde la rente fonci\u00e8re : l\u2019\u00e9valuateur part<br \/>\nd\u2019une valeur fonci\u00e8re connue et applique<br \/>\nun taux de rendement pour arriver \u00e0 une<br \/>\nrente fonci\u00e8re th\u00e9orique. Alternativement,<br \/>\nlorsque des informations raisonnables sur<br \/>\nle march\u00e9 sont disponibles, l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\npeut identifier les loyers des terres non<br \/>\nam\u00e9lior\u00e9es par comparaison directe, et<br \/>\nestimer directement le loyer notionnel<br \/>\ndes terres revendiqu\u00e9es. D\u2019apr\u00e8s mon<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019essayer<br \/>\nles deux m\u00e9thodes, puis de comparer<br \/>\net de rapprocher les r\u00e9sultats pour des<br \/>\np\u00e9riodes ou des \u00e9poques particuli\u00e8res<br \/>\nsur la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9clamation d\u00e9finie. Une<br \/>\nautre m\u00e9thode simplifi\u00e9e, avec un taux de<br \/>\nrendement unique pour toute la p\u00e9riode<br \/>\nde r\u00e9clamation, a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9e<br \/>\ncomme m\u00e9thode en mati\u00e8re de perte<br \/>\nd\u2019utilisation. Pour plus d\u2019informations<br \/>\nsur la m\u00e9thode \u00e0 taux fixe, consultez<br \/>\nl\u2019article du num\u00e9ro d\u2019hiver 2006 de la<br \/>\nrevue \u00c9valuation immobili\u00e8re au Canada<br \/>\n\u00ab Valuing First Nation Land Claims and<br \/>\nOther Historical Damages \u00bb, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par<br \/>\nArthur Hosius, Ph. D. et Lawrence Smith,<br \/>\nPh. D., \u00e9conomistes de l\u2019Universit\u00e9<br \/>\nde Toronto. <\/p>\n<p>Pour d\u00e9terminer les loyers fonciers<br \/>\naux fins d\u2019un contrat de service en<br \/>\nmati\u00e8re de perte d\u2019utilisation, vous devez<br \/>\ntrouver un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nl\u2019analyse et l\u2019analyse de vastes quantit\u00e9s<br \/>\nde donn\u00e9es sur le march\u00e9 pour certaines<br \/>\np\u00e9riodes et des lacunes dans les donn\u00e9es<br \/>\npour d\u2019autres p\u00e9riodes. Une approche<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation de masse peut aider \u00e0 \u00e9viter<br \/>\nde s\u2019enliser et de produire un rapport<br \/>\nde plus de 1 000 pages que les profanes<br \/>\net le Tribunal (utilisateurs pr\u00e9vus) ne<br \/>\ncomprendront pas. Les contrats de<br \/>\nlocation des r\u00e9serves, les permis et<br \/>\nautres loyers fonciers sont enregistr\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans le Syst\u00e8me d\u2019enregistrement des<br \/>\nterres indiennes (ILRS) (en fait, plusieurs<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8mes), dont certains remontent aux<br \/>\nann\u00e9es 1890. Bien que le grand public ait<br \/>\nacc\u00e8s \u00e0 des informations limit\u00e9es dans<br \/>\nl\u2019ILRS, vous devez obtenir une autorisation<br \/>\nsuppl\u00e9mentaire pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les<br \/>\ndocuments relatifs au r\u00e9gime foncier et<br \/>\ndocumenter les loyers et les frais. L\u2019acc\u00e8s<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019ILRS et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019interroger le<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8me sont des comp\u00e9tences de base<br \/>\npour l\u2019attribution des revendications<br \/>\nterritoriales particuli\u00e8res. Bien que l\u2019ILRS<br \/>\nsoit loin d\u2019\u00eatre exhaustif ou complet,<br \/>\nc\u2019est la meilleure ressource disponible<br \/>\npour les baux de location et les octrois de<br \/>\nlicences et de permis. Par exemple, j\u2019ai<br \/>\ntrouv\u00e9 des registres de baux remontant<br \/>\naux ann\u00e9es 1890 pour des terres agricoles<br \/>\ndans la vall\u00e9e de la Cowichan et des droits<br \/>\nde surface miniers pour des terres dans<br \/>\nle canyon du Fraser au sud-ouest de la<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique. <\/p>\n<p>Quelques r\u00e9flexions finales sur la<br \/>\ndocumentation de vos conclusions sur les<br \/>\nrevendications particuli\u00e8res, ou sur la<br \/>\nfa\u00e7on de pr\u00e9parer un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ncomplet et convaincant. <\/p>\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s mon exp\u00e9rience, les rapports<br \/>\nles plus efficaces sont organis\u00e9s en<br \/>\nplusieurs rubriques, sous-rubriques<br \/>\net points centr\u00e9s. \u00c9vitez le jargon, les<br \/>\nsuperlatifs et les opinions non \u00e9tay\u00e9es. <\/p>\n<p>La plupart des professionnels du droit<br \/>\nsont habiles \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter les plaidoyers,<br \/>\nalors assurez-vous que votre analyse<br \/>\net votre \u00ab voix \u00bb sont ind\u00e9pendantes<br \/>\net impartiales. N\u2019oubliez jamais que<br \/>\nvous \u00e9crivez pour des profanes qui<br \/>\npeuvent avoir une compr\u00e9hension<br \/>\nlimit\u00e9e des principes d\u2019\u00e9valuation et<br \/>\ndes pratiques g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reconnues.<br \/>\nLes rapports doivent comprendre un<br \/>\nglossaire, des notes en bas de page<br \/>\npour toutes les sources cit\u00e9es, ainsi<br \/>\nqu\u2019une explication du contrat de service<br \/>\net de vos conclusions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. Les<br \/>\nrapports de perte d\u2019utilisation peuvent<br \/>\ncomprendre des sections d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nautonomes pour des p\u00e9riodes<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation particuli\u00e8res ou des<br \/>\np\u00e9riodes ayant des influences sociales,<br \/>\n\u00e9conomiques et juridiques coh\u00e9rentes.<br \/>\nCette d\u00e9marche permet aux utilisateurs<br \/>\npr\u00e9vus de comprendre plus facilement<br \/>\nvos conclusions et les analyses qui les<br \/>\n\u00e9tayent, et de voir la progression logique<br \/>\nd\u2019une \u00e9poque \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Consid\u00e9rez<br \/>\nvotre rapport comme un grand mod\u00e8le<br \/>\n\u00e9conomique qui d\u00e9crit l\u2019\u00e9volution de la<br \/>\nvaleur des terres et des loyers sur une<br \/>\np\u00e9riode donn\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<p>Au cours de mes 12 ann\u00e9es de travail<br \/>\nen revendications particuli\u00e8res, j\u2019ai<br \/>\ntrouv\u00e9 que ces contrats de service \u00e9taient<br \/>\nles plus stimulants et les plus gratifiants<br \/>\nde ma carri\u00e8re. Les revendications<br \/>\nparticuli\u00e8res constituent un petit cr\u00e9neau<br \/>\ndans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, avec tr\u00e8s<br \/>\npeu de membres qualifi\u00e9s, et je me sens<br \/>\nprivil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de faire partie de ce groupe<br \/>\nd\u2019enqu\u00eateurs reconnus dans le domaine<br \/>\ndes revendications territoriales. Si vous<br \/>\npensez avoir les aptitudes, les capacit\u00e9s<br \/>\net l\u2019instinct d\u2019un enqu\u00eateur pour \u00e9largir<br \/>\nvotre champ de pratique, vous trouverez<br \/>\npeut-\u00eatre que le partenariat avec un<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateur exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de<br \/>\nrevendications est le meilleur moyen<br \/>\nd\u2019acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences dans<br \/>\nce domaine. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 45Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>T he Coronavirus pandemic has done more than upend how companies communicate with clients<br \/>\n\u2013 it has completely changed the lives of<br \/>\nclients across the globe.<\/p>\n<p>The sudden influx of physical<br \/>\ndistancing, the (hopefully temporary)<br \/>\nshuttering of businesses, and the<br \/>\ngeneral unease about the virus have<br \/>\nall reshaped how clients interact with<br \/>\ncommercial entities virtually overnight.<br \/>\nOn top of that, it will be at least several<br \/>\nmonths before any sort of normalcy<br \/>\nis restored.<\/p>\n<p>Because of this rapid change, it<br \/>\nis absolutely crucial for businesses<br \/>\n(including appraisal companies) to<br \/>\nre-assess how they communicate with<br \/>\nclients and how to conduct business in<br \/>\nthe age of a global pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>The question is not an easy one, but<br \/>\nthere are some key principles regarding<br \/>\nhow you can communicate with your<br \/>\naudiences and build strong relationships<br \/>\nwith them (even in times like these).<\/p>\n<p>Key #1: Acknowledge that you are <\/p>\n<p>taking the Coronavirus seriously<\/p>\n<p>There are several means by which<br \/>\ncompanies can communicate their<br \/>\ncommitment to fighting the coronavirus <\/p>\n<p>to clients. The first, and most obvious, is<br \/>\nto release an email (or message via social<br \/>\nmedia) acknowledging the pandemic and<br \/>\nwhat your company plans to do about it.<br \/>\nWhether it is reassuring clients that a<br \/>\ngiven service will continue or announcing<br \/>\na temporary closure plan, clients will<br \/>\nappreciate the update.<\/p>\n<p>There is, however, one caveat to<br \/>\nthis message notion: every company<br \/>\nis transmitting messages like these to<br \/>\nclients, putting themselves at risk of<br \/>\nbeing just another email. To help avoid<br \/>\nthis problem, companies should keep<br \/>\ntheir messages as concise as possible.<br \/>\nThis can help a company\u2019s message stand<br \/>\nout in a sea of COVID-19 musings.<\/p>\n<p>Entities that maintain physical store\/<br \/>\noffice fronts (and can responsibly keep<br \/>\nthem open during this pandemic) can<br \/>\nconsider more in-person reassurances<br \/>\nthat they take people&rsquo;s health seriously. <\/p>\n<p>For example, in several Costco<br \/>\nlocations around the country, the brand<br \/>\nemploys workers who not only sanitize<br \/>\ntables, but take pains to ensure that their<br \/>\nwork is very visible to clients. Gestures<br \/>\nlike these can go a long way toward<br \/>\nhelping people feel safe and healthy<br \/>\nin an in-person shopping or business<br \/>\nenvironment, and thus help ensure that<br \/>\nthey have a quality experience.<\/p>\n<p>Key #2: Emphasize that <\/p>\n<p>client feedback matters now  <\/p>\n<p>more than ever<\/p>\n<p>In times like these, commercial<br \/>\nentities need to reiterate to clients<br \/>\nhow important their feedback is. Thus,<br \/>\ncompanies should use messaging to<br \/>\ncommunicate both their dedication to<br \/>\nfighting the pandemic and how much<br \/>\nthey value their clients\u2019 views and<br \/>\nopinions on a provided experience.<\/p>\n<p>More specifically, companies should<br \/>\nask clients open-ended questions<br \/>\nabout their views on the pandemic and,<br \/>\nperhaps more pertinently, their opinions<br \/>\non what an ideal experience looks like<br \/>\nin an age of quarantine and temporary<br \/>\nshuttering. This strategy yields<br \/>\ntwo results \u2013 it gives organizations<br \/>\na glimpse at pandemic-era client<br \/>\nthinking, and it reassures those clients<br \/>\nthat their opinions still matter.<\/p>\n<p>Key #3: Do not try to  <\/p>\n<p>sell to clients right now<\/p>\n<p>It may be tempting for some<br \/>\nenterprises to capitalize on the<br \/>\nCoronavirus, but the simple truth is<br \/>\nthat now is not the time to try to sell<br \/>\nto clients. Rather, companies need<br \/>\nto emphasize the importance of<br \/>\nrelationships over profits.<\/p>\n<p>4 Keys to successful<br \/>\ncommunication in the<br \/>\nCoronavirus era<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 46 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>MARKETING &#038; COMMUNICATIONS<\/p>\n<p>As previously discussed, the pandemic<br \/>\npresents an opportunity for companies<br \/>\nto demonstrate that they care about their<br \/>\nconnections to clients, and that endeavor<br \/>\nwill yield big long-term dividends.<\/p>\n<p>Think about it \u2013 the companies that<br \/>\ngo most out of their way to build lifetime<br \/>\nvalue with client relationships are the<br \/>\nones that stand out in those individuals\u2019<br \/>\nminds even during \u2018normal\u2019 times. <\/p>\n<p>This factor is multiplied a hundred-fold<br \/>\nin times of crisis, as clients are even<br \/>\nmore impressed with companies who<br \/>\nstill prioritize clients despite hardships.<br \/>\nAs has long been established, clients will<br \/>\npay more for services or do more business<br \/>\nwith companies that they feel care<br \/>\nabout them.<\/p>\n<p>Key #4: Thank clients for their support<\/p>\n<p>This point overlaps somewhat with Key #3,<br \/>\nbut it is worth reiterating the importance<br \/>\nof building long-term relationships with<br \/>\nclients, especially in adverse times.<br \/>\nThis point also hearkens back to one<br \/>\nfundamental principle \u2013 if the clients who<br \/>\nsustain a company submit feedback, then<br \/>\nthat company owes it to those individuals<br \/>\nto respond.<\/p>\n<p>With that in mind, do not hesitate to<br \/>\nthank clients for their support during<br \/>\ntrying times. Be generous with letting<br \/>\nthem know how much their business<br \/>\nmeant before the pandemic and how<br \/>\nmuch it means during the fact. That<br \/>\nsense of connection matters, and clients<br \/>\nwill remember it when the Coronavirus<br \/>\npandemic subsides.<\/p>\n<p>Looking to the future<\/p>\n<p>The Coronavirus has conjured a lot of<br \/>\nuncertainty in today\u2019s landscape, but<br \/>\nthat does not mean that your business<br \/>\nshould not look to the future. Even if this<br \/>\ndisease causes upheaval for several<br \/>\nmonths, companies can still invest in<br \/>\na better tomorrow by strengthening<br \/>\nrelationships with their clients through<br \/>\nconcern instead of just commerce.<br \/>\nClients, in turn, will remember the effort<br \/>\nthat these organizations put forth during<br \/>\na challenging time, and make good on<br \/>\nthat memory when daily life returns<br \/>\nto normal. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 47Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>L a pand\u00e9mie de coronavirus a plus que boulevers\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on dont les compagnies communiquent avec leurs<br \/>\nclients \u2013 elle a compl\u00e8tement chang\u00e9 la<br \/>\nvie des clients \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019imposition soudaine de la<br \/>\ndistanciation physique, la fermeture<br \/>\n(temporaire, esp\u00e9rons-le) des<br \/>\nentreprises et le malaise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9<br \/>\nconcernant le virus ont tous reconfigur\u00e9<br \/>\nl\u2019interaction des clients avec les entit\u00e9s<br \/>\ncommerciales, pratiquement du jour<br \/>\nau lendemain. Par-dessus le march\u00e9,<br \/>\nil faudra au moins plusieurs mois avant<br \/>\nque nous puissions retrouver une forme<br \/>\nde normalit\u00e9 quelconque.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 cause de ce changement rapide,<br \/>\nil est absolument crucial que les<br \/>\ncompagnies (incluant les firmes<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation) repensent leur fa\u00e7on de<br \/>\ncommuniquer avec les clients et leurs<br \/>\nop\u00e9rations commerciales en cette \u00e8re<br \/>\nde pand\u00e9mie mondiale.<\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est pas une question facile,<br \/>\nmais il existe quelques grands principes<br \/>\nr\u00e9gissant votre mode de communication<br \/>\navec vos publics afin de consolider vos<br \/>\nrelations avec ceux-ci (m\u00eame en des<br \/>\ntemps pareils).<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u00e9 no 1 : Reconnaissez que  <\/p>\n<p>vous prennez le coronavirus  <\/p>\n<p>au s\u00e9rieux<\/p>\n<p>Les compagnies ont plusieurs moyens de<br \/>\ncommuniquer leur engagement \u00e0 lutter<br \/>\ncontre le coronavirus pour rassurer leurs<br \/>\nclients. Le premier \u2013 et le plus \u00e9vident<br \/>\n\u2013 est d\u2019envoyer un courriel (ou publier<br \/>\nun message sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux)<br \/>\nreconnaissant la pand\u00e9mie et ce que<br \/>\nvotre compagnie entend faire \u00e0 ce sujet.<br \/>\nQue ce soit assurer qu\u2019un service donn\u00e9<br \/>\ncontinuera d\u2019\u00eatre rendu ou annoncer un<br \/>\nplan de fermeture temporaire, les clients<br \/>\nappr\u00e9cieront la mise \u00e0 jour.<\/p>\n<p>Mais, il faut faire une mise en garde<br \/>\npour ce genre de message : toutes<br \/>\nles compagnies en transmettent un<br \/>\nsemblable \u00e0 leurs clients, risquant<br \/>\ndonc de devenir un courriel parmi tant<br \/>\nd\u2019autres. Pour \u00e9viter ce probl\u00e8me, elles<br \/>\ndevraient garder leur message le plus<br \/>\nbref possible. Cela aidera \u00e0 le distinguer<br \/>\ndes autres dans un oc\u00e9an de r\u00e9flexions<br \/>\nsur la COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>Les entit\u00e9s qui maintiennent des<br \/>\nmagasins physiques\/services de bureau<br \/>\n(et qui peuvent les garder ouverts de<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re responsable pendant cette<br \/>\npand\u00e9mie) peuvent songer \u00e0 faire plus de<br \/>\nrassurances en personne qu\u2019ils prennent<br \/>\nla sant\u00e9 de la client\u00e8le au s\u00e9rieux.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, dans plusieurs magasins<br \/>\nCostco du pays, la marque emploie<br \/>\ndes travailleurs qui non seulement<br \/>\nassainissent les tables, mais qui<br \/>\ns\u2019arrangent pour que les clients les<br \/>\nvoient en train de le faire. Des gestes<br \/>\ncomme ceux-ci peuvent faire beaucoup<br \/>\npour contribuer \u00e0 ce que les clients se<br \/>\nsentent en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et en sant\u00e9 dans<br \/>\nun environnement de magasinage ou<br \/>\nd\u2019affaires en personne et, donc, aider<br \/>\n\u00e0 assurer qu\u2019ils aient une exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\nde qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u00e9 no 2 : Soulignez que la r\u00e9troaction <\/p>\n<p>des clients est maintenant plus <\/p>\n<p>importante que jamais<\/p>\n<p>Dans des temps comme ceux que nous<br \/>\nvivons, les entit\u00e9s commerciales ont<br \/>\nbesoin de r\u00e9it\u00e9rer \u00e0 leurs clients la<br \/>\ngrande importance de ce qu\u2019ils pensent.<br \/>\nAinsi, les entreprises devraient se servir<br \/>\nde messages pour communiquer leur<br \/>\nengagement \u00e0 combattre la pand\u00e9mie<br \/>\net pour dire combien ils valorisent les<br \/>\nperspectives et opinions de leur client\u00e8le<br \/>\nsur une exp\u00e9rience fournie.<\/p>\n<p>Plus particuli\u00e8rement, les entreprises<br \/>\ndevraient poser \u00e0 leurs clients des<br \/>\nquestions ouvertes sur la fa\u00e7on dont ils<br \/>\nvoient la pand\u00e9mie et, peut-\u00eatre plus<br \/>\npertinemment, leur demander leurs <\/p>\n<p>Les 4 cl\u00e9s d\u2019une<br \/>\ncommunication efficace<br \/>\npar temps de coronavirus<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 48 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>MARKETING ET COMMUNICATIONS<\/p>\n<p>opinions sur ce que serait une exp\u00e9rience<br \/>\nid\u00e9ale en p\u00e9riode de quarantaine et de<br \/>\nfermeture temporaire. Cette strat\u00e9gie<br \/>\nproduit deux r\u00e9sultats : elle donne aux<br \/>\norganisations un coup d\u2019\u0153il sur la pens\u00e9e<br \/>\ndes clients en temps de pand\u00e9mie; et elle<br \/>\nconfirme aux clients que leurs opinions<br \/>\ncomptent encore.<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u00e9 no 3 : N\u2019essayez pas de  <\/p>\n<p>vendre aux clients en ce moment<\/p>\n<p>Certaines compagnies peuvent \u00eatre<br \/>\ntent\u00e9es de capitaliser sur le coronavirus,<br \/>\nmais la simple v\u00e9rit\u00e9, c\u2019est que maintenant<br \/>\nn\u2019est pas le temps d\u2019essayer de leur <\/p>\n<p>vendre quelque chose. Elles doivent<br \/>\nplut\u00f4t s\u2019efforcer de leur faire comprendre<br \/>\nque leurs relations avec eux est plus<br \/>\nimportante que les profits.<\/p>\n<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit, la<br \/>\npand\u00e9mie est l\u2019occasion pour les<br \/>\ncompagnies de d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019elles<br \/>\nprivil\u00e9gient leurs relations avec la<br \/>\nclient\u00e8le; cette initiative r\u00e9coltera<br \/>\nd\u2019excellents dividendes \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n<p>Pensez-y : les marques faisant tout<br \/>\nleur possible pour cr\u00e9er une valeur \u00e0 vie<br \/>\ndans leurs relations avec les clients sont<br \/>\ncelles qui se distinguent dans l\u2019esprit de<br \/>\nces personnes, m\u00eame en temps \u2039 normal \u203a. <\/p>\n<p>Ce facteur est multipli\u00e9 par 100 lors d\u2019une<br \/>\ncrise, alors que les clients sont encore<br \/>\nplus impressionn\u00e9s par les compagnies<br \/>\nqui continuent \u00e0 leur donner priorit\u00e9<br \/>\nmalgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s. Comme on sait<br \/>\ndepuis longtemps, les clients paieront plus<br \/>\npour les marques ou feront plus d\u2019affaires<br \/>\navec les compagnies qui leur donnent le<br \/>\nsentiment d\u2019\u00eatre importants pour elles.<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u00e9 no 4 : Remerciez les  <\/p>\n<p>clients pour leur soutien<\/p>\n<p>Ce point chevauche quelque peu la cl\u00e9 no 3,<br \/>\nmais il vaut la peine de redire l\u2019importance<br \/>\nde b\u00e2tir des relations \u00e0 long terme avec<br \/>\nla client\u00e8le, surtout quand frappent les<br \/>\n\u00e9preuves. Cette cl\u00e9 renvoie \u00e9galement<br \/>\n\u00e0 un principe de base : si les clients qui<br \/>\nsoutiennent les entreprises donnent leur<br \/>\nr\u00e9troaction, elles se doivent de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0<br \/>\nces personnes.<\/p>\n<p>Sachant cela, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 remercier<br \/>\nvos clients pour leur appui dans ces temps<br \/>\n\u00e9prouvants. Soyez g\u00e9n\u00e9reux et dites-leur<br \/>\ncombien leur client\u00e8le \u00e9tait pr\u00e9cieuse<br \/>\navant la pand\u00e9mie et qu\u2019elle l\u2019est encore<br \/>\nplus durant celle-ci. Ce sentiment de<br \/>\nconnexion est tr\u00e8s important et les clients<br \/>\ns\u2019en souviendront quand la pand\u00e9mie de<br \/>\ncoronavirus se r\u00e9sorbera.<\/p>\n<p>Regarder vers l\u2019avenir<\/p>\n<p>Le coronavirus a engendr\u00e9 beaucoup<br \/>\nd\u2019incertitudes dans le paysage actuel,<br \/>\nmais \u00e7a ne veut pas dire que votre<br \/>\nentreprise ne doit pas tourner ses regards<br \/>\nvers le futur. M\u00eame si cette maladie<br \/>\ncause des bouleversements pendant<br \/>\nencore plusieurs mois, les compagnies<br \/>\npeuvent quand m\u00eame investir dans de<br \/>\nmeilleurs lendemains en consolidant<br \/>\nleurs relations avec leurs clients et en<br \/>\nse pr\u00e9occupant davantage d\u2019eux que du<br \/>\ncommerce avec eux. Ces derniers, \u00e0<br \/>\nleur tour, se rappelleront les efforts que<br \/>\nces organisations ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s durant<br \/>\nune p\u00e9riode particuli\u00e8rement intense et<br \/>\nce souvenir les rendra reconnaissants<br \/>\nlorsque la vie quotidienne reprendra son<br \/>\ncours normal. <\/p>\n<p>AIDEZ-NOUS AIDEZ-NOUS<br \/>\n\u00c0 AM\u00c9LIORER \u00c0 AM\u00c9LIORER <\/p>\n<p>NOTRE NOTRE<br \/>\nSERVICESERVICE<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 49Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>The Personal refers to The Personal Insurance Company. Auto insurance is not available in MB, SK<br \/>\nand BC due to government\u2011run plans. Certain conditions, limitations and exclusions may apply.<br \/>\n1 Internal statistics of The Personal: Approximate rate of policyholders who renewed their policy <\/p>\n<p>when their policy came up for renewal, from January to December 2018, according to internal<br \/>\nstatistics of The Personal. This rate does not include mid\u2011term cancellations and terminations.<\/p>\n<p>La Personnelle d\u00e9signe La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. L\u2019assurance auto n\u2019est pas offerte<br \/>\nau Manitoba, en Saskatchewan ni en Colombie\u2011Britannique, o\u00f9 il existe des r\u00e9gimes d\u2019assurance<br \/>\ngouvernementaux. Certaines conditions, exclusions et limitations peuvent s\u2019appliquer.<br \/>\n1 Statistiques internes de La Personnelle : Taux approximatif de titulaires de police ayant renouvel\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>leur police \u00e0 la fin du terme, de janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2018, selon les statistiques internes de<br \/>\nLa Personnelle. Ce taux ne comprend pas les annulations et r\u00e9siliations en cours de terme.<\/p>\n<p>Insurance that<br \/>\nworks for you.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019assurance<br \/>\npens\u00e9e pour vous.<\/p>\n<p>Ayez l\u2019esprit tranquille en sachant<br \/>\nque vos biens sont bien prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<br \/>\ngr\u00e2ce \u00e0 La Personnelle.<br \/>\nPour en savoir plus, visitez<br \/>\nlapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>Know your belongings are well<br \/>\nprotected with The Personal.<br \/>\nTo learn more, visit<br \/>\nthepersonal.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>With over 40 years of group insurance<br \/>\nexperience, we\u2019re proud to offer home<br \/>\nand auto coverage to members of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc 97% of clients renew<br \/>\nwith us each year\u20091. <\/p>\n<p>\u00fc We offer 24\/7 claims service.<br \/>\n\u00fc You can manage your  <\/p>\n<p>policies and file a claim<br \/>\non The Personal App. <\/p>\n<p>Avec plus de 40 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience en<br \/>\nassurance de groupe, nous sommes fi\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019offrir aux membres de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs des<br \/>\nprotections personnalis\u00e9es pour leur<br \/>\nassurance auto et habitation.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc 97 % de nos clients renouvellent<br \/>\navec nous chaque ann\u00e9e.\u20091 <\/p>\n<p>\u00fc Service de r\u00e9clamation 24\u2009h, 7 jours.<br \/>\n\u00fc Avec l\u2019application La Personnelle, <\/p>\n<p>g\u00e9rez vos polices d\u2019assurance<br \/>\net profitez des programmes<br \/>\nde pr\u00e9vention. <\/p>\n<p>2000845_G0177_AD-GEN-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   12000845_G0177_AD-GEN-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   1 2020-06-17   13:292020-06-17   13:29<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/thepersonal.com\/aicanada<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/lapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP and<br \/>\nthe Common Law<\/p>\n<p>BY JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>Barrister &#038; Solicitor, C.Arb, AACI(Hon), RI<\/p>\n<p>T he following paragraphs consider the interaction between the \u2018Reasonable Appraiser\u2019 concept in the Canadian Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (CUSPAP) and the common law<br \/>\nduty of care required of appraisers. <\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP<\/p>\n<p>CUSPAP section 3.58 defines \u2018Reasonable Appraiser:\u2019<br \/>\n3.58 Reasonable Appraiser: A Member providing Professional <\/p>\n<p>Services within an acceptable standard of skill and expertise,<br \/>\nand based on rational assumptions. [see 4.2.5, 7.1.2, 9.8] <\/p>\n<p>Having defined Reasonable Appraiser, CUSPAP then imposes<br \/>\nthe standard of Reasonable Appraiser as an ethics requirement<br \/>\n(section 4.2) and as an appraisal preparation and content standard<br \/>\n(e.g., sections 7.1.2, 9.6.2, 9.6.3, 9.7.1, 9.7.2, 9.8). In a technical<br \/>\nreview of an appraisal report, the reviewer must determine if the<br \/>\nwork product meets the Reasonable Appraiser test (section 11.5).<\/p>\n<p>The Reasonable Appraiser test is the basis for review in<br \/>\ndisciplinary proceedings under the Appraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\n(AIC) Consolidated Regulations (e.g., regulations 5.11.1 and 5.20.1).<\/p>\n<p>What use do Canadian courts make of the Reasonable<br \/>\nAppraiser concept in lawsuits against appraisers? <\/p>\n<p>Common Law<\/p>\n<p>In Royal Bank of Canada v. Westech Appraisal Services Ltd.<br \/>\n[Westech], the Supreme Court of British Columbia explained the<br \/>\nappraiser\u2019s duty of care:<br \/>\n146 Decisions in this province &#8230; have accepted the <\/p>\n<p>characterization of that duty as set out in Avco Financial<br \/>\nServices Canada Ltd. v. Holstein &#8230;:<\/p>\n<p>The duty owed by an appraiser to his client is identical in principle<br \/>\nto the duty owed by all professionals to people who employ them. <\/p>\n<p>It is always implied that he\/she will carry out the duty with a<br \/>\nreasonable degree of care, knowledge and skill. An appraiser who<br \/>\nfails to live up to that standard is negligent and is liable for his\/her<br \/>\nclient\u2019s loss.<\/p>\n<p>Depending upon the facts in a given case, the duty of care<br \/>\ncan extend to parties beyond an appraiser\u2019s client. Certain of my<br \/>\nprevious articles address this point. <\/p>\n<p>The question arises, where do the courts look for guidance as<br \/>\nto \u201creasonable degree of care, knowledge and skill\u201d in appraisal. In<br \/>\nWestech, the court relied upon previous case law for the following:<\/p>\n<p>Property appraisal is not an exact science.<br \/>\nFailing to take sufficient steps to inform yourself about relevant <\/p>\n<p>properties or any of the circumstances which affect the subject<br \/>\nproperty is negligent. However, an appraiser will not be found guilty<br \/>\nof negligence merely because the valuation turns out to be wrong.<\/p>\n<p>The question is whether the appraiser is guilty of professional<br \/>\nnegligence in arriving at the appraised value. The court must<br \/>\nconsider if the appraiser followed professional guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>The standard of care is to be judged by the prevailing<br \/>\nprofessional standards.<\/p>\n<p>One might have thought from the foregoing that the courts<br \/>\nhave implicitly endorsed CUSPAP, since it provides the standards<br \/>\nby which at least Members of the AIC are to perform appraisal<br \/>\nservices. But this is what the court in Westech said about CUSPAP:<br \/>\n165  In VSH Management at paras. 106-107, the court acknowledged <\/p>\n<p>that the CUSPAP \u201cprovides a set of rules that appraisers should<br \/>\nfollow when they are developing and communicating a formal<br \/>\nopinion of value.\u201d However, it also recognized that the rules<br \/>\nwere general and did not \u201cnecessarily reflect how a typical<br \/>\nand competent appraiser had to undertake his or her work . . .<br \/>\nrather, they reflect the aspirations of the Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada for the conduct of its members.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Personal refers to The Personal Insurance Company. Auto insurance is not available in MB, SK<br \/>\nand BC due to government\u2011run plans. Certain conditions, limitations and exclusions may apply.<br \/>\n1 Internal statistics of The Personal: Approximate rate of policyholders who renewed their policy <\/p>\n<p>when their policy came up for renewal, from January to December 2018, according to internal<br \/>\nstatistics of The Personal. This rate does not include mid\u2011term cancellations and terminations.<\/p>\n<p>La Personnelle d\u00e9signe La Personnelle, compagnie d\u2019assurances. L\u2019assurance auto n\u2019est pas offerte<br \/>\nau Manitoba, en Saskatchewan ni en Colombie\u2011Britannique, o\u00f9 il existe des r\u00e9gimes d\u2019assurance<br \/>\ngouvernementaux. Certaines conditions, exclusions et limitations peuvent s\u2019appliquer.<br \/>\n1 Statistiques internes de La Personnelle : Taux approximatif de titulaires de police ayant renouvel\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>leur police \u00e0 la fin du terme, de janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2018, selon les statistiques internes de<br \/>\nLa Personnelle. Ce taux ne comprend pas les annulations et r\u00e9siliations en cours de terme.<\/p>\n<p>Insurance that<br \/>\nworks for you.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019assurance<br \/>\npens\u00e9e pour vous.<\/p>\n<p>Ayez l\u2019esprit tranquille en sachant<br \/>\nque vos biens sont bien prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<br \/>\ngr\u00e2ce \u00e0 La Personnelle.<br \/>\nPour en savoir plus, visitez<br \/>\nlapersonnelle.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>Know your belongings are well<br \/>\nprotected with The Personal.<br \/>\nTo learn more, visit<br \/>\nthepersonal.com\/aicanada<\/p>\n<p>With over 40 years of group insurance<br \/>\nexperience, we\u2019re proud to offer home<br \/>\nand auto coverage to members of the<br \/>\nAppraisal Institute of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc 97% of clients renew<br \/>\nwith us each year\u20091. <\/p>\n<p>\u00fc We offer 24\/7 claims service.<br \/>\n\u00fc You can manage your  <\/p>\n<p>policies and file a claim<br \/>\non The Personal App. <\/p>\n<p>Avec plus de 40 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience en<br \/>\nassurance de groupe, nous sommes fi\u00e8re<br \/>\nd\u2019offrir aux membres de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs des<br \/>\nprotections personnalis\u00e9es pour leur<br \/>\nassurance auto et habitation.<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc 97 % de nos clients renouvellent<br \/>\navec nous chaque ann\u00e9e.\u20091 <\/p>\n<p>\u00fc Service de r\u00e9clamation 24\u2009h, 7 jours.<br \/>\n\u00fc Avec l\u2019application La Personnelle, <\/p>\n<p>g\u00e9rez vos polices d\u2019assurance<br \/>\net profitez des programmes<br \/>\nde pr\u00e9vention. <\/p>\n<p>2000845_G0177_AD-GEN-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   12000845_G0177_AD-GEN-AH_8,5x11_REST_Bil.indd   1 2020-06-17   13:292020-06-17   13:29<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 51Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>The court in Westech settled on a two-part inquiry: 1) were<br \/>\nthe appraisal services provided in accordance with CUSPAP,<br \/>\nand 2) did the appraiser fail to meet the standard of care of a<br \/>\nreasonable appraiser in arriving at and presenting the opinion<br \/>\nof value. Without expressly stating so, the court\u2019s formulation of<br \/>\nthe inquiry leaves open the possibility that a breach of CUSPAP<br \/>\nwill not necessarily lead to a finding that the standard of care<br \/>\nwas breached.<\/p>\n<p>The court\u2019s use of CUSPAP addresses one element of<br \/>\nnegligence law, i.e., the standard of care. The court considers<br \/>\nother elements in a lawsuit alleging appraiser negligence.<br \/>\nThe test for negligent misrepresentation, presented in previous<br \/>\narticles, is a useful illustration of the broader scope of inquiry the<br \/>\ncourt engages in:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 there must be a duty of care based on a \u201cspecial relationship\u201d<br \/>\nbetween the representor and the representee;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the representation must be untrue, inaccurate, or misleading;<br \/>\n\u2022 the representor must have acted negligently in <\/p>\n<p>making the representation;<br \/>\n\u2022 the representee must have reasonably relied on the <\/p>\n<p>representation; and<br \/>\n\u2022 the reliance must have resulted in damage or loss to <\/p>\n<p>the representee.<br \/>\nCase Study: Abt Estate v. Cold Lake Industrial Park GP Ltd.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian courts commonly refer to CUSPAP as the starting<br \/>\npoint for establishing the standard of care required of AIC<br \/>\nMembers. But, as noted above, the courts also look at additional<br \/>\ncriteria in a negligence lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>In previous articles, I reviewed the application of the duty of<br \/>\ncare and the standard of care in appraisal work. In the remaining<br \/>\nparagraphs of this article, the Alberta Queen Bench and Alberta<br \/>\nCourt of Appeal decisions in Abt Estate v. Cold Lake Industrial<br \/>\nPark GP Ltd. [Abt] are discussed to illustrate that, even when<br \/>\nprofessional services are held by a court to fall short of the <\/p>\n<p>standard of care as established, for example by CUSPAP, liability<br \/>\nfor negligence under the common law will not necessarily follow. <\/p>\n<p>Abt overview<\/p>\n<p>The Abt invested $800,000 in a land development project in<br \/>\nCold Lake, Alberta. When the project failed, they sued various<br \/>\nparties including the appraisers who had prepared an appraisal<br \/>\nand an update. <\/p>\n<p>At trial, the court held that the appraisers\u2019 work product was<br \/>\nnegligently prepared and, since the appraisers should reasonably<br \/>\nhave known the Abt, as an investor, would rely on the work<br \/>\nproduct, the appraisers and their firm were held liable to the Abt.<br \/>\nThe trial judge did not accede to the arguments that the reports<br \/>\nwere expressly stated to be only for mortgage purposes or that the<br \/>\nvalue was based on four Extraordinary Assumptions.<\/p>\n<p>The appraisers\u2019 appeal to the Alberta Court of Appeal<br \/>\nwas allowed. The appellate court found that the appraisal work<br \/>\nproduct was negligent, but that the Abt had not relied upon the<br \/>\nappraisers\u2019 statements. Instead, the appellate court found that<br \/>\nthe Abt had relied upon others who misrepresented what the<br \/>\nappraisals said.<\/p>\n<p>Trial decision<\/p>\n<p>A full narrative land appraisal was provided by the appraisers<br \/>\npresenting a value of $10,115,000 for the subject land based on the<br \/>\nExtraordinary Assumptions. On March 30, 2009, the appraisers<br \/>\nprovided an update letter with a revised value of $8,595,000. The<br \/>\ntrial court accepted appraisal evidence adduced by the Abt that<br \/>\nthe property was only worth $720,000. The trial judge concluded<br \/>\nthat the appraisal work product was \u201cso flawed and grossly<br \/>\nunrealistic that the reasonable conclusion is they were negligently,<br \/>\nif not incompetently, prepared for a long-term client\u201d and that the<br \/>\nsupervising appraiser knew the client was in the business of land<br \/>\ndevelopment and would use the appraisals to raise money.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 52 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>LEGAL MATTERS<\/p>\n<p>On the question of \u2018Reasonable Appraiser,\u2019 the trial court<br \/>\naccepted the opinion of the appraiser called on behalf of the<br \/>\nAbt that the original full narrative appraisal did not comply<br \/>\nwith CUSPAP, resulting in a gross overvaluation with no<br \/>\nacceptable explanation in the evidence of the defendant<br \/>\nappraisers or their experts.<\/p>\n<p>The trial judge found that all the elements of negligent<br \/>\nmisrepresentation had been established. As to the first<br \/>\nelement, a \u201cspecial relationship,\u201d the trial judge stated that<br \/>\nan appraiser owes a duty of care, not only to the client,<br \/>\nbut to all other persons who might be expected to rely on<br \/>\nan appraisal. The trial court held that, through their close<br \/>\nrelationship with the developer, the appraisers knew their<br \/>\nappraisal would be used to raise money from investors, not<br \/>\njust mortgage lenders.<\/p>\n<p>The gross overvaluation established the second element<br \/>\nof negligent misrepresentation, namely, that there was an<br \/>\nuntrue, inaccurate, or misleading representation.<\/p>\n<p>As for the third element, the trial judge found that the<br \/>\nappraisal work product \u201cwas so flawed that it does not meet<br \/>\nthe standard of a reasonably competent appraiser &#8230;\u201d and,<br \/>\ntherefore, the appraisers acted negligently.<\/p>\n<p>The fourth element, i.e., reasonable reliance, was accepted<br \/>\nby the trial court. The appraisal values were confirmed in<br \/>\nthe promotional material provided to the Abt and presented<br \/>\nverbally by the developer and a financial advisor.<\/p>\n<p>The Abt suffered a loss from the misrepresentation;<br \/>\ntherefore, the fifth element was made out. <\/p>\n<p>Court of Appeal decision <\/p>\n<p>The Alberta Court of Appeal did not overturn the trial court<br \/>\nfindings of negligence, but it disagreed with the trial judge\u2019s<br \/>\nconclusion that the Abt relied upon a representation made by<br \/>\nthe appraisers. The Court of Appeal wrote the following:<br \/>\n96  [The appraisers] were professional appraisers. In 2008 <\/p>\n<p>one of the [developer companies] instructed [the<br \/>\nappraisers] to prepare a valuation of the [subject lands]<br \/>\n\u201cto aid in obtaining mortgage financing.\u201d The instructions<br \/>\nwere not to prepare a \u201cfair market value\u201d appraisal, but<br \/>\nrather to make four \u201cExtraordinary Assumptions.\u201d The<br \/>\ntwo most important of them were that the lands were<br \/>\nzoned for industrial use, and that municipal servicing was<br \/>\navailable within one half mile of the lands. Such valuations<br \/>\nare contemplated by the Standards of the Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada, provided that the Extraordinary<br \/>\nAssumptions are clearly disclosed in the report. <\/p>\n<p>102  It is clear that misrepresentations were made about the<br \/>\npresent market value of the lands, and they were relied<br \/>\non by the Abt. Those misrepresentations, however, were<br \/>\nnever made by [the appraisers]. [The appraisers were] <\/p>\n<p>never retained to prepare a present fair market valuation,<br \/>\nand they never purported to do so. It was imprudent for<br \/>\n[the appraisers] to accept the retainer as defined (based<br \/>\non the Extraordinary Assumptions); as can be seen,<br \/>\nsuch valuations are open to abuse and misinterpretation.<br \/>\nFurther, it seems clear that the valuations were<br \/>\nnegligently made, even taking into account the four<br \/>\nExtraordinary Assumptions. The trial judge described the<br \/>\nappraisals as a \u201ctotal sham\u201d which is strong language,<br \/>\nbut justified on this record. However, Abt never read or<br \/>\nrelied on any valuation prepared by [the appraisers].<br \/>\nInstead, he relied on the misrepresentations by [financial<br \/>\nadvisor and developer] that the values (assuming the<br \/>\nExtraordinary Assumptions) were fair market values.<\/p>\n<p>104 The valuations are suspect, however, absent a finding by<br \/>\nthe trial judge that the appraisers knew or ought to have<br \/>\nknown that their valuations would be misrepresented by<br \/>\nothers as being fair market values, the appraisers could<br \/>\nnot be liable for the Abt\u2019 losses. <\/p>\n<p>So, although the Court of Appeal did not upset the trial<br \/>\njudge finding that the appraisal and update were negligently<br \/>\nprepared, the appellate court concluded that Abt did not<br \/>\nrely upon any representation from the appraisers but<br \/>\nrather relied upon misrepresentation by others about the<br \/>\nvalue conclusions.<\/p>\n<p>Closing<\/p>\n<p>In summary, CUSPAP will be a reference point for courts<br \/>\nin determining the care, knowledge and skill required in<br \/>\nrendering professional appraisal services. CUSPAP may set<br \/>\nthe standard of care, but the courts\u2019 inquiry will go further to<br \/>\ndetermine if the other necessary elements of negligence have<br \/>\nbeen proved.<\/p>\n<p>End notes<br \/>\n1  2018 BCSC 473, para. 146<br \/>\n2  Westech, paras. 163-164<br \/>\n3  Westech, para. 165<br \/>\n4  Westech, para. 171<br \/>\n5  Queen v. Cognos Inc., [1993] 1 S.C.R. 87 (S.C.C.) at p. 110<br \/>\n6  2018 ABQB 313, reversed in part 2019 ABCA 16<br \/>\n7  Abt [Trial Decision], para. 217<br \/>\n8  Abt [Trial Decision], para. 105<br \/>\n9  Abt [Appeal Decision], paras. 96, 102, 104<\/p>\n<p>This article is provided for the purposes of generating<br \/>\ndiscussion and to make practitioners aware of certain<br \/>\nchallenges presented in the law. It is not to be taken as legal<br \/>\nadvice. Any questions relating to the matters discussed herein<br \/>\nshould be put to qualified legal and appraisal practitioners. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 53Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>PAR JOHN SHEVCHUK<\/p>\n<p>avocat-procureur, C.Arb, AACI(Hon), RI<\/p>\n<p>Les NUPPEC et<br \/>\nla common law<\/p>\n<p>L es paragraphes suivants traitent de l\u2019interaction entre la notion d\u2019\u00ab \u00e9valuateur raisonnable \u00bb dans les Normes uniformes de pratique professionnelle en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation au Canada (NUPPEC) et le devoir de<br \/>\ndiligence requis des \u00e9valuateurs dans la common law.<\/p>\n<p>NUPPPEC<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019article 3.58 des NUPPEC d\u00e9finit l\u2019\u2039 \u00e9valuateur raisonnable \u203a.<br \/>\n3.58 \u00c9valuateur raisonnable : Membre qui fournit des services <\/p>\n<p>professionnels conformes \u00e0 une norme acceptable de<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tences et d\u2019expertise et fond\u00e9s sur des hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\nrationnelles. [v. 4.2.5, 7.1.2, 9.8]<\/p>\n<p>Ayant d\u00e9fini l\u2019\u00e9valuateur raisonnable, les NUPPEC imposent alors<br \/>\nla norme de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur raisonnable en tant qu\u2019exigence d\u2019\u00e9thique<br \/>\n(article 4.2) et comme norme de pr\u00e9paration et de contenu d\u2019une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation (p. ex. articles 7.1.2, 9.6.2, 9.6.3, 9.7.1, 9.7.2, 9.8). Dans<br \/>\nl\u2019examen technique d\u2019un rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation, l\u2019examinateur doit<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer si le produit du travail passe le test de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur<br \/>\nraisonnable (article 11.5).<\/p>\n<p>Le test de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur raisonnable est la base servant<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019examen dans les proc\u00e9dures disciplinaires, en vertu des<br \/>\nR\u00e8glements consolid\u00e9s de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\n(ICE) (p. ex. r\u00e8glements 5.11.1 et 5.20.1).<\/p>\n<p>Quel usage les tribunaux canadiens font-ils de la notion<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuateur raisonnable dans les poursuites lanc\u00e9es contre<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs ?<\/p>\n<p>Common law<\/p>\n<p>Dans Banque Royale du Canada c. Westech Appraisal Services<br \/>\nLtd.1 [Westech], la Cour supr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique<br \/>\nd\u00e9crivait le devoir de diligence de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur :<br \/>\n146  D\u00e9cisions dans cette province&#8230; ont accept\u00e9 de caract\u00e9riser <\/p>\n<p>ce devoir tel qu\u2019il est d\u00e9peint dans Avco Financial Services<br \/>\nCanada Ltd. c. Holstein&#8230; :<\/p>\n<p>Le devoir que doit un \u00e9valuateur \u00e0 son client est en principe<br \/>\nidentique \u00e0 celui que tous les professionnels doivent aux gens<br \/>\nqui les emploient. Il est toujours sous-entendu qu\u2019il exercera<br \/>\nson devoir dans une mesure raisonnable de diligence, de<br \/>\nconnaissances et de comp\u00e9tences. Un \u00e9valuateur qui n\u2019arrive pas<br \/>\n\u00e0 la hauteur de cette norme est n\u00e9gligent et il est responsable de<br \/>\nla perte subie par son client.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les faits d\u2019un cas donn\u00e9, le devoir de diligence peut<br \/>\ns\u2019\u00e9tendre aux parties au-del\u00e0 du client d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur. Certains<br \/>\nde mes articles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents traitent de ce sujet.<\/p>\n<p>On peut se demander o\u00f9 les tribunaux obtiennent une<br \/>\norientation quant \u00e0 la \u00ab mesure raisonnable de diligence, de<br \/>\nconnaissances et de comp\u00e9tences \u00bb en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation.<br \/>\nDans Westech, le tribunal s\u2019est fond\u00e9 sur la jurisprudence pour<br \/>\nce qui suit :2<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuation immobili\u00e8re n\u2019est pas une science exacte.<br \/>\nIl est n\u00e9gligent de ne pas prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires <\/p>\n<p>pour vous renseigner sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s pertinentes ou sur<br \/>\ntoute circonstance affectant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vis\u00e9e. Toutefois, on ne<br \/>\nd\u00e9clarera pas un \u00e9valuateur coupable de n\u00e9gligence simplement<br \/>\nparce que son \u00e9valuation se r\u00e9v\u00e8le incorrecte.<\/p>\n<p>La question est de savoir si l\u2019\u00e9valuateur est coupable de<br \/>\nn\u00e9gligence professionnelle dans ses calculs de la valeur<br \/>\nestim\u00e9e. Le tribunal doit examiner si l\u2019\u00e9valuateur a observ\u00e9 les<br \/>\ndirectives professionnelles.<\/p>\n<p>La norme de diligence doit \u00eatre jug\u00e9e selon les normes<br \/>\nprofessionnelles applicables.<\/p>\n<p>Selon ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, on aurait pu penser que les tribunaux<br \/>\nont implicitement endoss\u00e9 les NUPPEC, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019elles<br \/>\nfournissent les normes sous lesquelles au minimum les <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 54 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>membres de l\u2019ICE doivent rendre leurs services d\u2019\u00e9valuation.<br \/>\nMais, voici ce que le tribunal disait des NUPPEC dans Westech :3<\/p>\n<p>165 Dans VSH Management, paragr. 106-107, le tribunal<br \/>\nreconnaissait que les NUPPEC \u00ab fournissent un ensemble<br \/>\nde r\u00e8gles que les \u00e9valuateurs devraient suivre lorsqu\u2019ils<br \/>\n\u00e9laborent et communiquent une opinion formelle sur la<br \/>\nvaleur \u00bb. Cependant, on reconna\u00eet aussi que les r\u00e8gles<br \/>\n\u00e9taient g\u00e9n\u00e9rales et \u00ab ne refl\u00e9taient pas n\u00e9cessairement<br \/>\nla fa\u00e7on dont un \u00e9valuateur typique comp\u00e9tent devait<br \/>\nentreprendre son travail\u2026 elles refl\u00e8tent plut\u00f4t les<br \/>\naspirations qu\u2019entretient l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\npour la conduite de ses membres \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Dans Westech, le tribunal d\u00e9cidait d\u2019une enqu\u00eate en deux temps :<br \/>\n1) les services d\u2019\u00e9valuation ont-ils \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus conform\u00e9ment aux<br \/>\nNUPPEC ? et 2) l\u2019\u00e9valuateur a-t-il \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 rencontrer la norme de<br \/>\ndiligence d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur raisonnable dans le calcul et la pr\u00e9sentation<br \/>\nde son opinion sur la valeur ?4 Sans le dire express\u00e9ment, la<br \/>\nformulation du tribunal sur l\u2019enqu\u00eate laisse ouverte la possibilit\u00e9<br \/>\nqu\u2019une violation des NUPPEC n\u2019entra\u00eenera pas n\u00e9cessairement la<br \/>\nconclusion que la norme de diligence a \u00e9t\u00e9 enfreinte.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation des NUPPEC par le tribunal aborde un \u00e9l\u00e9ment du<br \/>\ndroit de la n\u00e9gligence, c.-\u00e0-d. la norme de diligence. Le tribunal<br \/>\nconsid\u00e8re d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans une poursuite all\u00e9guant la<br \/>\nn\u00e9gligence d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur. Le test d\u2019assertion n\u00e9gligente et<br \/>\ninexacte, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans des articles ant\u00e9rieurs, illustre de<br \/>\nmani\u00e8re utile la plus vaste port\u00e9e d\u2019une enqu\u00eate o\u00f9 s\u2019engage<br \/>\nle tribunal :5<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 il doit exister un devoir de diligence reposant sur une \u00ab relation<br \/>\nsp\u00e9ciale \u00bb entre l\u2019auteur et le destinataire d\u2019une assertion;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 l\u2019assertion doit \u00eatre fausse, inexacte ou trompeuse;<br \/>\n\u2022 l\u2019auteur de l\u2019assertion doit avoir agi n\u00e9gligemment en <\/p>\n<p>faisant celle-ci;<br \/>\n\u2022 le destinataire de l\u2019assertion doit s\u2019\u00eatre fi\u00e9 <\/p>\n<p>raisonnablement \u00e0 celle-ci; et<br \/>\n\u2022 la foi dans l\u2019assertion doit avoir caus\u00e9 des dommages ou <\/p>\n<p>des pertes au destinataire de celle-ci.<br \/>\n\u00c9tude de cas : Abt Estate c. Cold Lake Industrial Park GP Ltd.<br \/>\nLes tribunaux canadiens se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent souvent aux NUPPEC comme<br \/>\npoint de d\u00e9part pour \u00e9tablir la norme de diligence requise des<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE. Mais, comme on l\u2019a d\u00e9j\u00e0 indiqu\u00e9, les tribunaux<br \/>\nexaminent \u00e9galement d\u2019autres crit\u00e8res dans une poursuite<br \/>\ntouchant le droit de la n\u00e9gligence.<\/p>\n<p>Dans des articles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, j\u2019ai examin\u00e9 l\u2019application du<br \/>\ndevoir de diligence et de la norme de diligence dans le travail<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation. Dans les derniers paragraphes du pr\u00e9sent article,<br \/>\nj\u2019analyse les d\u00e9cisions de la Cour du Banc de la Reine de l\u2019Alberta<br \/>\net de la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Alberta dans l\u2019affaire Abt Estate c.<br \/>\nCold Lake Industrial Park GP Ltd.6 [Abt] pour illustrer que,<br \/>\nm\u00eame lorsque des services professionnels sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s par<br \/>\nun tribunal comme ne respectant pas la norme de diligence <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9tablie, p. ex. par les NUPPEC, la responsabilit\u00e9 de n\u00e9gligence ne<br \/>\ns\u2019ensuivra pas n\u00e9cessairement sous la common law.<\/p>\n<p>Aper\u00e7u de l\u2019affaire Abt<\/p>\n<p>Les Abt ont investi 800 000 $ dans un projet de mise en valeur<br \/>\ndes terres \u00e0 Cold Lake, Alberta. Quand le projet a \u00e9chou\u00e9, ils ont<br \/>\npoursuivi diverses parties, incluant les \u00e9valuateurs qui avaient<br \/>\npr\u00e9par\u00e9 une \u00e9valuation et une mise \u00e0 jour.<\/p>\n<p>Au proc\u00e8s, la cour a conclu que le produit du travail des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs avait \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 n\u00e9gligemment et, comme<br \/>\nceux-ci auraient d\u00fb raisonnablement savoir que les Abt, \u00e0<br \/>\ntitre d\u2019investisseurs, se fieraient \u00e0 leur produit du travail, les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs et leur firme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tenus responsables face aux<br \/>\nAbt. Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance n\u2019a pas adh\u00e9r\u00e9 aux arguments<br \/>\nvoulant que les rapports aient \u00e9t\u00e9 express\u00e9ment d\u00e9crits comme<br \/>\nservant uniquement \u00e0 des fins d\u2019hypoth\u00e8que ou que la valeur<br \/>\ns\u2019appuyait sur quatre hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires.<\/p>\n<p>On a permis aux \u00e9valuateurs de porter l\u2019affaire devant la Cour<br \/>\nd\u2019appel de l\u2019Alberta. La cour d\u2019appel a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que le produit du<br \/>\ntravail d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9tait n\u00e9gligent, mais que les Abt ne s\u2019\u00e9taient<br \/>\npas fi\u00e9s aux d\u00e9clarations des \u00e9valuateurs. La cour d\u2019appel a plut\u00f4t<br \/>\nconclu que les Abt s\u2019\u00e9taient fi\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres personnes, qui avaient<br \/>\nfaussement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ce que les \u00e9valuateurs avaient dit.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9cision de la cour de premi\u00e8re instance<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9valuateurs ont fourni une \u00e9valuation narrative compl\u00e8te du<br \/>\nterrain vis\u00e9, pr\u00e9sentant une valeur de 10 115 000 $, fond\u00e9e sur<br \/>\nles hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires. Le 30 mars 2009, les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nont fourni une lettre de mise \u00e0 jour indiquant une valeur r\u00e9vis\u00e9e<br \/>\n\u00e0 8 595 000 $. La cour de premi\u00e8re instance a estim\u00e9 que les<br \/>\ndonn\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9valuation soumises par les Abt montraient que la<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9 ne valait que 720 000 $. Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a<br \/>\nconclu que le produit du travail d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9tait \u00ab si d\u00e9ficient et<br \/>\ntellement irr\u00e9aliste que la conclusion raisonnable \u00e9tait qu\u2019il avait<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on n\u00e9gligente, sinon incomp\u00e9tente, pour un<br \/>\nclient \u00e0 long terme \u00bb, et que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur principal savait que les<br \/>\nactivit\u00e9s du client concernaient l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de terrains et que<br \/>\ncelui-ci utiliserait les \u00e9valuations pour lever des fonds.7<\/p>\n<p>Sur la question de l\u2019\u2039 \u00e9valuateur raisonnable \u203a, le juge de<br \/>\npremi\u00e8re instance a accueilli l\u2019opinion de l\u2019\u00e9valuateur appel\u00e9 au<br \/>\nnom des Abt \u00e0 l\u2019effet que l\u2019\u00e9valuation narrative compl\u00e8te originale<br \/>\nn\u2019\u00e9tait pas conforme aux NUPPEC et produisait une sur\u00e9valuation<br \/>\ngrossi\u00e8rement exag\u00e9r\u00e9e, sans explication acceptable dans<br \/>\nles preuves fournies par les \u00e9valuateurs d\u00e9fendeurs ou par<br \/>\nleurs experts.8<\/p>\n<p>Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a conclu que tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments<br \/>\nde l\u2019assertion n\u00e9gligente et inexacte avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablis. Pour<br \/>\nce qui est du premier \u00e9l\u00e9ment, une \u00ab relation sp\u00e9ciale \u00bb, le juge<br \/>\nde premi\u00e8re instance a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9valuateur a un devoir de<br \/>\ndiligence, non seulement envers son client, mais aussi envers <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 55Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>QUESTIONS JURIDIQUES<\/p>\n<p>toutes les autres personnes dont on pense qu\u2019elles pourraient<br \/>\nse fier \u00e0 son \u00e9valuation. La cour de premi\u00e8re instance \u00e9tait<br \/>\nd\u2019avis qu\u2019\u00e0 travers leur relation \u00e9troite avec le promoteur, les<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs savaient que leur \u00e9valuation servirait \u00e0 amasser<br \/>\nde l\u2019argent aupr\u00e8s des investisseurs, pas seulement des<br \/>\npr\u00eateurs hypoth\u00e9caires.<\/p>\n<p>La sur\u00e9valuation tr\u00e8s exag\u00e9r\u00e9e a \u00e9tabli le deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment<br \/>\nde l\u2019assertion n\u00e9gligente et inexacte, \u00e0 savoir qu\u2019il y avait une<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentation fausse, inexacte ou trompeuse.<\/p>\n<p>Quant au troisi\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment, le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a<br \/>\nd\u00e9termin\u00e9 que le produit du travail d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00ab est si d\u00e9ficient<br \/>\nqu\u2019il ne rencontre pas la norme d\u2019un \u00e9valuateur raisonnablement<br \/>\ncomp\u00e9tent\u2026 \u00bb et que, par cons\u00e9quent, les \u00e9valuateurs ont agi<br \/>\navec n\u00e9gligence.<\/p>\n<p>Le quatri\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment, soit la foi raisonnable dans l\u2019assertion,<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 accept\u00e9 par la cour de premi\u00e8re instance. Les valeurs<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00e9valuation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9es dans le mat\u00e9riel de promotion<br \/>\nfourni aux Abt et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es verbalement par le promoteur et par<br \/>\nun conseiller financier.<\/p>\n<p>Les Abt ont subi une perte \u00e0 cause de la fausse repr\u00e9sentation;<br \/>\ndonc, le cinqui\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment a \u00e9t\u00e9 libell\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9cision de la cour d\u2019appel<\/p>\n<p>La Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Alberta n\u2019a pas renvers\u00e9 les conclusions<br \/>\nde n\u00e9gligence rendues par la cour de premi\u00e8re instance, mais<br \/>\nelle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas d\u2019accord avec la conclusion du juge de premi\u00e8re<br \/>\ninstance \u00e0 l\u2019effet que les Abt s\u2019\u00e9taient fi\u00e9s \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation<br \/>\nfaite par les \u00e9valuateurs. La cour d\u2019appel \u00e9crivait ce qui suit :9<\/p>\n<p>96  [Les \u00e9valuateurs] \u00e9taient des \u00e9valuateurs professionnels.<br \/>\nEn 2008, une des [compagnies de promotion] donnait des<br \/>\ninstructions [aux \u00e9valuateurs] pour qu\u2019ils pr\u00e9parent une<br \/>\n\u00e9valuation des [terrains vis\u00e9s] \u00ab pour aider \u00e0 obtenir du<br \/>\nfinancement hypoth\u00e9caire \u00bb. Les instructions ne disaient<br \/>\npas d\u2019estimer la \u00ab valeur marchande \u00e9quitable \u00bb, mais<br \/>\nplut\u00f4t de faire quatre \u00ab hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires \u00bb. Les<br \/>\ndeux plus importantes voulaient que les terrains soient<br \/>\nzon\u00e9s industriels et que les services municipaux soient<br \/>\ndisponibles \u00e0 un demi-mille de ceux-ci. De telles \u00e9valuations<br \/>\nsont envisag\u00e9es par les Normes de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs, \u00e0 condition que les hypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires<br \/>\nsoient clairement d\u00e9voil\u00e9es dans le rapport.<\/p>\n<p>102  Il est \u00e9vident que de fausses repr\u00e9sentations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites<br \/>\nsur la valeur marchande actuelle des terrains et que les Abt<br \/>\ns\u2019y sont fi\u00e9s. Cependant, ces fausses repr\u00e9sentations n\u2019ont<br \/>\njamais \u00e9t\u00e9 faites par [les \u00e9valuateurs]. [Les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nn\u2019ont] jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 embauch\u00e9s pour pr\u00e9parer une estimation<br \/>\nde la valeur marchande r\u00e9elle et n\u2019ont jamais pr\u00e9tendu le<br \/>\nfaire. Il \u00e9tait imprudent pour [les \u00e9valuateurs] d\u2019accepter<br \/>\nl\u2019avance sur honoraires telle que d\u00e9finie (bas\u00e9e sur les<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires); comme on peut le voir, de telles <\/p>\n<p>\u00e9valuations sont vuln\u00e9rables aux abus et aux interpr\u00e9tations<br \/>\nfautives. En outre, il semble clair que les \u00e9valuations ont \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\nfaites n\u00e9gligemment, m\u00eame en tenant compte des quatre<br \/>\nhypoth\u00e8ses extraordinaires. Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance<br \/>\na d\u00e9crit les \u00e9valuations comme \u00ab une imposture totale \u00bb,<br \/>\nun terme s\u00e9v\u00e8re mais justifi\u00e9 en l\u2019occurrence. Toutefois,<br \/>\nAbt n\u2019a jamais lu ou ne s\u2019est jamais fi\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation<br \/>\npr\u00e9par\u00e9e par [les \u00e9valuateurs]. Il s\u2019est plut\u00f4t fi\u00e9 aux fausses<br \/>\nrepr\u00e9sentations [du conseiller financier et du promoteur]<br \/>\nvoulant que les valeurs (supposant des hypoth\u00e8ses<br \/>\nextraordinaires) soient de justes valeurs marchandes.<\/p>\n<p>104 Les \u00e9valuations sont suspectes, cependant, en l\u2019absence<br \/>\nd\u2019une conclusion du juge de premi\u00e8re instance \u00e0 l\u2019effet que<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs savaient ou auraient d\u00fb savoir que leurs<br \/>\n\u00e9valuations seraient faussement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par les<br \/>\nautres comme refl\u00e9tant de justes valeurs marchandes :<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs ne pouvaient pas \u00eatre tenus responsables<br \/>\ndes pertes subies par les Abt.<\/p>\n<p>Donc, m\u00eame si la cour d\u2019appel n\u2019a pas renvers\u00e9 la conclusion du<br \/>\njuge de premi\u00e8re instance voulant que l\u2019\u00e9valuation et la mise \u00e0<br \/>\njour aient \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9es n\u00e9gligemment, elle concluait qu\u2019Abt ne<br \/>\ns\u2019\u00e9tait fi\u00e9e \u00e0 aucune repr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9valuateurs, mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0<br \/>\nla fausse repr\u00e9sentation des autres sur les conclusions de valeur.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion<\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les NUPPEC seront un point de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence utilis\u00e9s par<br \/>\nles tribunaux pour d\u00e9terminer la diligence, les connaissances et<br \/>\nles comp\u00e9tences requises pour rendre des services d\u2019\u00e9valuation<br \/>\nprofessionnels. Les NUPPEC peuvent \u00e9tablir la norme de<br \/>\ndiligence, mais l\u2019enqu\u00eate des tribunaux ira plus loin pour<br \/>\nd\u00e9terminer si les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires de la n\u00e9gligence<br \/>\nont \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>Notes en fin de texte<br \/>\n1   2018 BCSC 473, paragr. 146<br \/>\n2   Westech, paragr. 163-164<br \/>\n3   Westech, paragr. 165<br \/>\n4   Westech, paragr. 171<br \/>\n5   Queen c. Cognos Inc., [1993] 1 S.C.R. 87 (S.C.C.), p. 110<br \/>\n6   2018 ABQB 313, infirm\u00e9 en partie 2019 ABCA 16<br \/>\n7   Abt [d\u00e9cision de la cour de premi\u00e8re instance], paragr. 217<br \/>\n8   Abt [d\u00e9cision de la cour de premi\u00e8re instance], paragr. 105<br \/>\n9   Abt [d\u00e9cision de la cour d\u2019appel], paragr. 96, 102, 104<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est fourni dans le but de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer la discussion et<br \/>\nde sensibiliser les praticiens \u00e0 certains d\u00e9fis pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans<br \/>\nla loi. Cet expos\u00e9 ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un avis<br \/>\njuridique. Toutes les questions relatives aux situations abord\u00e9es<br \/>\nici devraient \u00eatre pos\u00e9es \u00e0 des praticiens qualifi\u00e9s dans les<br \/>\ndomaines du droit et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 56 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>In this edition\u2019s Advocacy column, we thought we would provide readers with some of the highlights and activities from the first half of 2020 at both the national and provincial levels. While the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on<br \/>\ninitial advocacy objectives, new ones emerged that were not as<br \/>\nprevalent on the radar as before.<\/p>\n<p>COVID-19 pandemic<\/p>\n<p>While January and February 2020 were quite busy meeting with<br \/>\nfederal government officials (as you will see in the next section),<br \/>\nMarch had something different for us to manage \u2013 the COVID-19<br \/>\npandemic. While the entire Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC)<br \/>\nteam was engaged in understanding what this meant to the real<br \/>\nestate industry, our Members, and others, several advocacy<br \/>\ninitiatives were undertaken.<\/p>\n<p>First and foremost, there was quick and frequent engagement<br \/>\nwith financial institutions, mortgage insurers, Appraisal<br \/>\nManagement Companies and other industry associations on how<br \/>\nto best manage this new challenge. <\/p>\n<p>There was also engagement with the federal government and the<br \/>\nHouse of Commons Finance Committee, as we sent letters asking<br \/>\nthat appraisal services be part of the federal government\u2019s essential<br \/>\nservices list. We also informed them as to how our Members have<br \/>\nadapted to continue to serve Canadians and emphasized the fact that<br \/>\nnow is not the time to be lenient on valuation fundamentals.<\/p>\n<p>Via the AIC COVID-19 page, we provided members with information on<br \/>\nthe different federal government financial support programs that were<br \/>\nbeing made available to assist Canadians. In fact, in early June, we had the<br \/>\nParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Revenue, Member of<br \/>\nParliament Francesco Sorbara, appear on a webinar with AIC President<br \/>\nJan Wicherek and AIC CEO Keith Lancastle to discuss the challenges<br \/>\nfacing appraisers and the programs that exist to support them.<\/p>\n<p>The Federal Minister of Families, Children and Social<br \/>\nDevelopment and Minister responsible for the Canada Mortgage<br \/>\nand Housing Corporation was also kind enough to provide AIC with<br \/>\na video message to AIC Members during the virtual Annual General<br \/>\nMeeting. He conveyed his appreciation to AIC Members for continuing<br \/>\nto provide services to Canadians during a time of need.<\/p>\n<p>Advocacy in Action<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 57Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>ADVOCACY<\/p>\n<p>In July 2020, the AIC embarked on an advertising campaign<br \/>\nthat demonstrates how, more than ever, the services that AIC<br \/>\nMembers provide are very valuable when it comes time to<br \/>\nrenovating, expanding, buying or selling a home.<\/p>\n<p>Building relationships with the federal government <\/p>\n<p>In January 2020, the AIC leadership met with the Office of the<br \/>\nSuperintendent of Financial Institutions as part of our regular<br \/>\nadvocacy efforts. It was an opportunity to discuss some issues<br \/>\nthat Members have encountered as well as some macro<br \/>\nfactors impacting the housing market. <\/p>\n<p>In early February 2020, and following AIC\u2019s 2020 federal<br \/>\npre-budget submission in August 2020, AIC Past-President<br \/>\nThomas Fox and AIC CEO Keith Lancastle appeared before<br \/>\nthe House of Commons Finance Committee to present<br \/>\nAIC\u2019s pre-budget submission and to answer questions from<br \/>\ncommittee members.<\/p>\n<p>The most significant national advocacy initiative in the<br \/>\nfirst half of 2020 was the third annual AIC Parliament Hill Day<br \/>\nthat took place in late February 2020 where we were able to<br \/>\npromote AIC Members and present some solutions related<br \/>\nto the Canadian real estate market. In year one, members of<br \/>\nthe Advocacy Committee met eight Members of Parliament.<br \/>\nIn year two, we more than doubled that with 19 meetings.<br \/>\nAnd this year, we had nearly 25 meetings. The full day of<br \/>\nmeetings was preceded by a roundtable discussion with the<br \/>\nParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance and the<br \/>\nMinister of Middle Class Prosperity, Sean Fraser. This resulted<br \/>\nin an in depth policy discussion on housing in Canada. The<br \/>\nthree recommendations being made to elected officials were:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 updating flood maps across Canada to facilitate the<br \/>\nproper identification of flood plains by appraisers<br \/>\nso that they can caution governments, financial<br \/>\ninstitutions and the public as applicable;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 exempting mortgage renewals from the application<br \/>\nof the Stress Test under B20 Guidelines; and<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 combatting money laundering through a beneficial<br \/>\nownership registry.<\/p>\n<p>In April 2020, the AIC made a submission to the federal<br \/>\ngovernment in the context of Innovation, Science and Economic<br \/>\nDevelopment Canada\u2019s consultations on strengthening<br \/>\ncorporate beneficial ownership transparency in Canada.<br \/>\nWe recommended that the federal government work with<br \/>\nprovinces and territories to create a publicly accessible<br \/>\nregistry of beneficial ownership to help address money<br \/>\nlaundering in the real estate market. This and other real estate<br \/>\nrelated data such as property and land title registries should<br \/>\nbe accessible to professional appraisers to ensure reliable,<br \/>\nconsistent and comprehensive data when determining the<br \/>\nvalue of real property.<\/p>\n<p>Provincial association advocacy highlights<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia<br \/>\nWhile the COVID-19 pandemic has consumed most of AIC-BC\u2019s<br \/>\ntime and resources, work continued on the advocacy front<br \/>\nin several areas. One of the areas of focus has been making<br \/>\nsubmissions to the Government of BC related to ongoing<br \/>\nconsultations on the Public Beneficial Ownership Registry,<br \/>\nthe Mortgage Brokers Act, and the future of housing supply<br \/>\nand affordability. <\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, AIC-BC was once again invited to appear before<br \/>\nthe BC Legislature\u2019s Select Standing Committee on Finance and<br \/>\nGovernment Services to present its 2021 pre-budget submission.<br \/>\nRemarks and testimony were provided by AIC-BC President,<br \/>\nTerry Dowle, who focused on the importance of data access for<br \/>\nthe protection of the public.<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nIn June 2020, the Government of Alberta tabled and passed<br \/>\namendments to the Real Estate Act in the Alberta Legislature that<br \/>\nwill result in real estate appraisers no longer be required to be<br \/>\nlicensed under the Real Estate Council of Alberta (RECA). <\/p>\n<p>As expressed during the consultation process leading up to the<br \/>\nBill being tabled, the AIC and AIC-Alberta welcome these changes<br \/>\nas there were limited discernible benefits to the public by being<br \/>\nregulated by RECA. We continue to believe that the AIC\u2019s self-<br \/>\nregulation processes and other measures adequately regulate its<br \/>\nmembers and protect the public.<\/p>\n<p>While the amendments have been passed in the legislature,<br \/>\nlicensing and regulation by RECA remains in effect until a \u201ccoming<br \/>\ninto force\/proclamation date\u201d that has yet to be announced.<\/p>\n<p>To accommodate the transition away from regulation under the<br \/>\nReal Estate Act, RECA has worked with AIC-Alberta to balance the<br \/>\nincoming reality with the legislated responsibilities RECA retains<br \/>\nuntil Bill 20 comes into force. The agreed upon solutions are<br \/>\noutlined below.<\/p>\n<p>No fee for license renewals in 2020<\/p>\n<p>Every year, appraisers renew their license with RECA by<br \/>\nSeptember 30. In light of Bill 20 possibly coming into force after<br \/>\nthe renewal deadline, RECA has agreed to waive the license<br \/>\nrenewal fee for appraisers for the 2020-2021 licensing year.<br \/>\nThese licenses will cease upon the proclamation of Bill 20.<\/p>\n<p>Since RECA must continue to regulate appraisers from<br \/>\nOctober 1, 2020 until Bill 20 comes into force, appraisers must<br \/>\nstill complete a renewal application through myRECA to continue<br \/>\nworking. It will simply be at no cost.<\/p>\n<p>Waived pre-licensing requirements  <\/p>\n<p>for new real estate appraisers<\/p>\n<p>Currently, potential real estate appraisers are required to <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 58 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>ADVOCACY<\/p>\n<p>complete RECA\u2019s pre-licensing education focused on professional<br \/>\nobligations under the Real Estate Act. These obligations will<br \/>\nno longer be relevant upon the proclamation of Bill 20, so<br \/>\nthe RECA Executive Director has waived the requirement to<br \/>\ncomplete RECA\u2019s pre-licensing education for appraisers prior<br \/>\nto becoming licensed.<\/p>\n<p>Potential appraisers who have completed the AIC and AIC-<br \/>\nAlberta requirements, and who are currently taking or yet to<br \/>\nenroll in RECA\u2019s pre-licensing education, can apply for a license<br \/>\nimmediately, without completing RECA\u2019s course. This license<br \/>\nwill be for the remainder of the 2019-2020 licensing year, ending<br \/>\nSeptember 30, 2020, and is reduced to $275. RECA will not be<br \/>\nproviding refunds to any potential appraisers who have begun<br \/>\nthe course.<\/p>\n<p>AIC-Alberta and RECA agree that potential appraisers should<br \/>\ncontinue to read the Real Estate Act and Rules, and combined with<br \/>\nresponsible supervising real estate appraisers, this will provide<br \/>\nadequate oversight for new appraisers in the interim.<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nIn late 2019, the Saskatchewan Farmland Security Board made<br \/>\nchanges to its database that impacted appraiser\u2019s abilities to<br \/>\nobtain the buyer and seller information in an efficient manner<br \/>\nin order to provide quality appraisal report and detect potential<br \/>\nfraudulent activity. AIC-Saskatchewan was engaged, as with other<br \/>\nindustry associations, with the Government of Saskatchewan on<br \/>\nthis matter. In early 2020, the Government reversed its decision<br \/>\nand is now consulting stakeholders, including AIC-SK, before<br \/>\nmaking any further changes.<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nOn February 25, 2020, AIC-Manitoba President, Jason Schellenberg,<br \/>\nand President-Elect, Nicholas Ruta, met with Manitoba Finance<br \/>\nMinister, the Honourable Scott Fielding. In addition to introducing<br \/>\nAIC-Manitoba and providing an overview of the important role<br \/>\nappraisers play in the Manitoba real property landscape, it was an<br \/>\nopportunity to discuss AIC-Manitoba\u2019s 2020 pre-budget submission<br \/>\nwith the Minister.<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nAIC-Ontario\u2019s virtual Annual General Meeting was held on May 7,<br \/>\n2020. The Ontario Minister of Finance provided AIC-Ontario with<br \/>\na video message to AIC-Ontario conveying his appreciation to<br \/>\nmembers for continuing to provide services to Ontarians during a<br \/>\ntime of need.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, AIC-Ontario continued its advocacy efforts on<br \/>\nthe consultation committee regarding Ontario Legislature Bill 108<br \/>\n\u2013 the More Homes, More Choice Act, 2019 received Royal Assent.<\/p>\n<p>It includes amendments to the Development Charges Act and<br \/>\nthe Planning Act. Among the changes is the creation of the new <\/p>\n<p>community benefits charges authority in the Planning Act that,<br \/>\nwhen in effect, would increase the certainty of development-<br \/>\nrelated costs for community benefits. The changes to<br \/>\nestablish the community benefits charges authority have yet to<br \/>\nbe proclaimed and require enabling regulatory amendments.<\/p>\n<p>A priority area for consultation is the development of<br \/>\npercentages on the value of land that would determine<br \/>\nthe maximum amount of a community benefits charge.<br \/>\nAIC-Ontario was invited to attend this consultation to provide<br \/>\ninsight and perspective from the valuation space as these<br \/>\nregulatory amendments are being developed.<\/p>\n<p>Calls for Property Tax Appeal Extension<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nAIC-Qu\u00e9bec, in collaboration with the Ordre des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nagr\u00e9\u00e9s du Qu\u00e9bec (OEAQ), the Urban development institute<br \/>\nof Quebec (UDI), the Canadian Property Tax Association<br \/>\n(ACTF), the Canadian Institute of Assessors (ICE), and the<br \/>\nCorporation of Landowners of Quebec (CORPIQ) joined forces<br \/>\nto ask the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MAMH) to<br \/>\nextend the deadline for filing requests for review on property<br \/>\nassessments of the roll 2020-2022.<\/p>\n<p>The group made a submission to this effect to the Ministry,<br \/>\nand also issued a press release. These joint actions followed<br \/>\nseveral emails and requests from the president of AIC-QC,<br \/>\nCynthia Villeneuve, since March 24, 2020 making the request.<br \/>\nMme Villeneuve noted that it is the responsibility of that<br \/>\ndepartment to ensure fairness to Qu\u00e9bec taxpayers following<br \/>\nthe application of a legal restriction from the Government<br \/>\nof Qu\u00e9bec by giving additional and acceptable time to assert<br \/>\ntheir rights to dispute property assessments following a<br \/>\nreturn to \u2018normal\u2019 business activities. Mme Villeneuve further<br \/>\nconfirmed that New Brunswick, Ontario, British Columbia<br \/>\nand Alberta had already made postponement arrangements<br \/>\nto address the current situation. She indicated that AIC-QC<br \/>\nhopes to have brought attention and motivation to postpone<br \/>\nthis deadline while the whole of Qu\u00e9bec has been \u201cput<br \/>\non PAUSE!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some media across the province have covered the subject,<br \/>\nincluding La Presse, 1077FM Sherbrooke, CHOI FM 98.1, and<br \/>\nmany others.<\/p>\n<p>Despite all the efforts to date, this request unfortunately<br \/>\nremains unaddressed by the Qu\u00e9bec government.<\/p>\n<p>Even with the limitations that the COVID-19 pandemic<br \/>\npresented, there is a lot of activity going on across the country<br \/>\nand we have only touched on the major highlights. If you<br \/>\nhave any questions or comments on any of these initiatives<br \/>\nor any other advocacy related initiative, please contact your<br \/>\nprovincial representative or Andre Hannoush, Director,<br \/>\nPublic Affairs at AIC-National, at andreh@aicanada.ca. <\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 59Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>Dans cette \u00e9dition de la chronique D\u00e9fense, nous avons pens\u00e9 fournir aux lecteurs certains des faits saillants et des activit\u00e9s survenus dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020, tant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale que<br \/>\nprovinciale. Alors que la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 a eu un impact sur<br \/>\nles objectifs de d\u00e9fenses initiaux, de nouveaux se sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s<br \/>\nsur le radar, qui \u00e9taient flous auparavant.<\/p>\n<p>Pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19<\/p>\n<p>En janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2020, nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s \u00e0 tenir<br \/>\ndes rencontres avec des repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<br \/>\n(comme vous le verrez dans la section suivante), mais le mois<br \/>\nde mars nous r\u00e9servait quelque chose de bien diff\u00e9rent \u00e0 g\u00e9rer :<br \/>\nla pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. Alors que toute l\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) s\u2019effor\u00e7ait de comprendre ce que<br \/>\ncela signifiait pour l\u2019industrie de l\u2019immobilier, pour nos membres<br \/>\net plus encore, nous avons lanc\u00e9 plusieurs initiatives de d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, nous avons cherch\u00e9 rapidement et fr\u00e9quemment<br \/>\ndes moyens de g\u00e9rer au mieux ce nouveau d\u00e9fi, en collaborant<br \/>\navec les institutions financi\u00e8res, les assureurs hypoth\u00e9caires,<br \/>\nles soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de gestion d\u2019\u00e9valuations et d\u2019autres associations<br \/>\nde l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n<p>Nous nous sommes aussi engag\u00e9s envers le gouvernement<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9ral et le Comit\u00e9 permanent des finances de la Chambre des<br \/>\ncommunes, en leur envoyant des lettres leur demandant d\u2019inclure<br \/>\nles services d\u2019\u00e9valuation dans la liste des services essentiels<br \/>\ndu gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Nous leur avons en outre expliqu\u00e9<br \/>\ncomment nos membres se sont adapt\u00e9s pour continuer \u00e0 servir<br \/>\nles Canadiens, en soulignant que maintenant n\u2019est pas le temps<br \/>\nd\u2019\u00eatre moins rigide sur les fondements de l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Par l\u2019entremise de la page de l\u2019ICE sur la COVID-19, nous<br \/>\navons renseign\u00e9 les membres sur les diff\u00e9rents programmes <\/p>\n<p>de soutien financier qu\u2019offre le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral pour aider<br \/>\nles Canadiens. En fait, au d\u00e9but juin, nous avons invit\u00e9 le d\u00e9put\u00e9<br \/>\nFrancesco Sorbara, secr\u00e9taire parlementaire de la ministre du<br \/>\nRevenu national, sur un webinaire en compagnie du pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE, Jan Wicherek, et du chef de direction de l\u2019ICE, Keith<br \/>\nLancastle, pour discuter des d\u00e9fis qui attendent les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\net des programmes qui existent pour les supporter.<\/p>\n<p>Le ministre de la Famille, des Enfants et du D\u00e9veloppement<br \/>\nsocial et ministre responsable de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne<br \/>\nd\u2019hypoth\u00e8ques et de logement, Ahmed Hussen, a \u00e9galement eu<br \/>\nla gentillesse de fournir \u00e0 l\u2019ICE un message vid\u00e9o, projet\u00e9 pour<br \/>\nses membres durant l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale annuelle virtuelle.<br \/>\nIl y exprimait sa gratitude pour les membres de l\u2019Institut qui<br \/>\ncontinuent \u00e0 rendre des services aux Canadiens en temps<br \/>\nde besoin.<\/p>\n<p>En juillet 2020, l\u2019ICE s\u2019est lanc\u00e9 dans une campagne publicitaire<br \/>\nqui d\u00e9montre comment, plus que jamais, les services rendus par<br \/>\nses membres sont pr\u00e9cieux lorsque vient le temps de r\u00e9nover,<br \/>\nagrandir, acheter ou vendre une maison.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e2tir des relations avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/p>\n<p>En janvier 2020, les dirigeants de l\u2019ICE ont rencontr\u00e9 le Bureau<br \/>\ndu surintendant des institutions financi\u00e8res, dans le cadre de<br \/>\nnos initiatives de d\u00e9fense habituelles. C\u2019\u00e9tait une opportunit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nd\u00e9battre les probl\u00e8mes que les membres ont rencontr\u00e9s et les<br \/>\nfacteurs macro\u00e9conomiques qui touchent le march\u00e9 de l\u2019habitation.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2020 et suite \u00e0 la soumission pr\u00e9budg\u00e9taire de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE au gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt, l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE, Thomas Fox, et le chef de direction, Keith Lancastle, ont<br \/>\ncomparu devant le Comit\u00e9 permanent des finances de la Chambre<br \/>\ndes communes pour pr\u00e9senter la soumission pr\u00e9budg\u00e9taire de<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut et pour r\u00e9pondre aux questions des membres du comit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9fense des<br \/>\nint\u00e9r\u00eats en action <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 60 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FENSE<\/p>\n<p>La plus importante initiative de d\u00e9fense \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale<br \/>\ndans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 de 2020 fut la troisi\u00e8me Journ\u00e9e annuelle<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE sur la Colline du Parlement, qui a pris place fin f\u00e9vrier<br \/>\n2020, o\u00f9 nous avons pu promouvoir les membres de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\net pr\u00e9senter un certain nombre de solutions li\u00e9es au march\u00e9<br \/>\nimmobilier canadien. En l\u2019an un, les membres du Comit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nd\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats ont rencontr\u00e9 huit d\u00e9put\u00e9s. En l\u2019an deux,<br \/>\nnous avons plus que doubl\u00e9 ce chiffre avec 19 r\u00e9unions. Et cette<br \/>\nann\u00e9e, nous avons eu presque 25 rencontres. La journ\u00e9e enti\u00e8re<br \/>\nde r\u00e9unions fut pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d\u2019une table ronde avec le secr\u00e9taire<br \/>\nparlementaire du ministre des Finances et de la ministre de la<br \/>\nProsp\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la classe moyenne, Sean Fraser. Cela a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une<br \/>\ndiscussion en profondeur sur la politique du logement au Canada.<br \/>\nLes trois recommandations faites aux repr\u00e9sentants \u00e9lus furent<br \/>\nles suivantes :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 mettre \u00e0 jour la cartographie des inondations \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du<br \/>\nCanada pour permettre aux \u00e9valuateurs de mieux identifier<br \/>\nles plaines inondables et de pr\u00e9venir les gouvernements, les<br \/>\ninstitutions financi\u00e8res et le public, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 exempter les renouvellements d\u2019hypoth\u00e8que de l\u2019application<br \/>\nde la simulation de crise, sous la Ligne directrice B-20; et<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 lutter contre le blanchiment d\u2019argent avec un registre des<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.<\/p>\n<p>En avril 2020, l\u2019ICE a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une soumission au gouvernement<br \/>\nf\u00e9d\u00e9ral lors des consultations tenues par Innovation, Sciences<br \/>\net D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique Canada pour am\u00e9liorer la<br \/>\ntransparence sur les v\u00e9ritables propri\u00e9taires au Canada. Nous<br \/>\navons recommand\u00e9 que le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral cr\u00e9e avec les<br \/>\nprovinces et territoires un registre accessible au public des<br \/>\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires pour aider \u00e0 \u00e9liminer le blanchiment<br \/>\nd\u2019argent dans le march\u00e9 immobilier. Ces donn\u00e9es et d\u2019autres li\u00e9es<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019immobilier, comme les registres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et de titres<br \/>\nfonciers, devraient \u00eatre accessible aux \u00e9valuateurs professionnels<br \/>\npour assurer des donn\u00e9es fiables, constantes et exhaustives<br \/>\nlorsqu\u2019ils d\u00e9terminent la valeur d\u2019un bien immobilier.<\/p>\n<p>Faits saillants de la d\u00e9fense des  <\/p>\n<p>int\u00e9r\u00eats dans les associations provinciales<\/p>\n<p>Colombie-Britannique<br \/>\nAlors que la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 accaparait la majorit\u00e9<br \/>\ndu temps et des ressources de l\u2019ICEC.-B., le travail s\u2019est<br \/>\npoursuivi sur le front de la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats dans plusieurs<br \/>\ndomaines. L\u2019un de ceux-ci portait sur les soumissions faites<br \/>\nau gouvernement de la province concernant les consultations<br \/>\nsur le Registre public des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, sur la<br \/>\nMortgage Brokers Act et sur l\u2019avenir de l\u2019offre de logements et<br \/>\nl\u2019abordabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>En outre, l\u2019ICEC.-B. a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 compara\u00eetre<br \/>\ndevant le comit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial permanent des Finances et des Services<br \/>\ngouvernementaux du Parlement de la Colombie-Britannique pour <\/p>\n<p>pr\u00e9senter sa soumission pr\u00e9budg\u00e9taire 2021. Les remarques<br \/>\net le t\u00e9moignage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9s par le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE-C.-B.,<br \/>\nTerry Dowle, qui a soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es<br \/>\npour garantir la protection du public.<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nEn juin 2020, le gouvernement de l\u2019Alberta a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 et adopt\u00e9 des<br \/>\namendements \u00e0 la Real Estate Act, au Parlement albertain, qui<br \/>\nferont en sorte que les \u00e9valuateurs immobiliers ne devront plus<br \/>\nobtenir une licence du Real Estate Council of Alberta (RECA). <\/p>\n<p>Comme on l\u2019a dit durant le processus de consultation menant<br \/>\nau d\u00e9p\u00f4t du projet de loi, l\u2019ICE et l\u2019ICE-Alberta accueillent<br \/>\nces changements, car la r\u00e9glementation du RECA produisait<br \/>\nseulement des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices discernables limit\u00e9s pour le public. Nous<br \/>\ncontinuons \u00e0 penser que les processus d\u2019autor\u00e9glementation et<br \/>\nd\u2019autres mesures de l\u2019ICE r\u00e9gissent ad\u00e9quatement ses membres,<br \/>\ntout en assurant la protection du public.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que les amendements aient \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9s au Parlement,<br \/>\nl\u2019octroi de licence et la r\u00e9glementation du RECA restent en vigueur<br \/>\njusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019\u00e0 la \u00ab date d\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur \/ de proclamation \u00bb<br \/>\ndes amendements, qui n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Pour faciliter la transition sortante de la r\u00e9glementation sous la<br \/>\nReal Estate Act, le RECA a collabor\u00e9 avec l\u2019ICE-Alberta pour faire<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre la nouvelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et les responsabilit\u00e9s impos\u00e9es<br \/>\npar la loi que le RECA conserve jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du<br \/>\nProjet de loi 20. Les solutions convenues sont d\u00e9crites ci-dessous.<\/p>\n<p>Pas de frais pour les renouvellements de licence en 2020<\/p>\n<p>Chaque ann\u00e9e, les \u00e9valuateurs renouvellent leur licence aupr\u00e8s<br \/>\ndu RECA, au plus tard le 30 septembre. Comme le Projet de loi 20<br \/>\nentrera peut-\u00eatre en vigueur apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de renouvellement,<br \/>\nle RECA a accept\u00e9 de dispenser les \u00e9valuateurs des frais de<br \/>\nrenouvellement de licence pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9livrance de la licence<br \/>\n2020-2021. Ces licences ne seront plus valides \u00e0 la proclamation<br \/>\ndu Projet de loi 20.<\/p>\n<p>Comme le RECA doit continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\ndu 1er octobre 2020 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du Projet de loi 20,<br \/>\nles \u00e9valuateurs doivent quand m\u00eame remplir une demande de<br \/>\nrenouvellement dans myRECA pour continuer \u00e0 travailler. Ce sera<br \/>\nsimplement gratuit.<\/p>\n<p>Exigences pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 l\u2019autorisation <\/p>\n<p>lev\u00e9es pour les nouveaux \u00e9valuateurs immobiliers<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9sentement, les \u00e9valuateurs immobiliers potentiels sont<br \/>\ntenus de suivre un cours pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019obtention d\u2019une licence du<br \/>\nRECA, d\u00e9crivant les obligations professionnelles en vertu de la<br \/>\nReal Estate Act. Ces obligations ne seront plus pertinentes \u00e0 la<br \/>\nproclamation du Projet de loi 20, alors le directeur ex\u00e9cutif du<br \/>\nRECA a lev\u00e9 l\u2019exigence de suivre le cours du RECA pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la<br \/>\nlicence pour les \u00e9valuateurs avant qu\u2019ils n\u2019obtiennent leur licence.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 61Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>D\u00c9FENSE<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9valuateurs potentiels qui ont rempli les exigences de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\net de l\u2019ICE-Alberta, qui suivent actuellement ou qui ne sont pas<br \/>\nencore inscrits au cours pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la licence du RECA, peuvent<br \/>\nfaire une demande de licence imm\u00e9diatement sans compl\u00e9ter le<br \/>\ncours du RECA. Le co\u00fbt de cette licence, qui servira pour le reste<br \/>\nde l\u2019ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9livrance de la licence 2019-2020 et qui expirera le<br \/>\n30 septembre 2020, est r\u00e9duit \u00e0 275 $. Le RECA ne remboursera<br \/>\npas les \u00e9valuateurs potentiels qui ont commenc\u00e9 le cours.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE-Alberta et le RECA conviennent que les \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\npotentiels devraient continuer \u00e0 lire la Real Estate Act ainsi que<br \/>\nses R\u00e8gles et, avec une supervision responsable des \u00e9valuateurs<br \/>\nimmobiliers, cela fournira entre-temps une surveillance ad\u00e9quate<br \/>\ndes nouveaux \u00e9valuateurs.<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nVers la fin 2019, l\u2019Office de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des terres agricoles de la<br \/>\nSaskatchewan a apport\u00e9 des changements \u00e0 sa base de donn\u00e9es<br \/>\nqui ont eu un impact sur la capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9valuateurs d\u2019obtenir des<br \/>\nrenseignements sur l\u2019acheteur et le vendeur de mani\u00e8re efficace<br \/>\npour produire des rapports d\u2019\u00e9valuation de bonne qualit\u00e9 et pour<br \/>\nd\u00e9tecter les activit\u00e9s frauduleuses possibles. L\u2019ICE-Saskatchewan<br \/>\na \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9, avec d\u2019autres associations de l\u2019industrie, par le<br \/>\ngouvernement de la Saskatchewan \u00e0 ce sujet. Au d\u00e9but 2020,<br \/>\nle gouvernement est revenu sur sa d\u00e9cision et il consulte<br \/>\nmaintenant les intervenants, y compris l\u2019ICE-SK, avant de faire<br \/>\nd\u2019autres changements.<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nLe 25 f\u00e9vrier 2020, le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE-Manitoba, Jason<br \/>\nSchellenberg, et le pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9sign\u00e9, Nicholas Ruta, ont rencontr\u00e9<br \/>\nle ministre des Finances du Manitoba, l\u2019honorable Scott Fielding.<br \/>\nEn plus de pr\u00e9senter l\u2019ICE-Manitoba et d\u2019offrir un aper\u00e7u du r\u00f4le<br \/>\nimportant que les \u00e9valuateurs jouent dans le paysage immobilier du<br \/>\nManitoba, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une opportunit\u00e9 de discuter avec le ministre<br \/>\nde la soumission pr\u00e9budg\u00e9taire de l\u2019ICE-Manitoba pour 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE-Ontario a tenu son Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale annuelle virtuelle<br \/>\nle 7 mai 2020. Le ministre des Finances de la province a fourni \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE-Ontario un message vid\u00e9o lui faisant part de sa gratitude<br \/>\npour les membres qui continuent \u00e0 rendre des services aux<br \/>\nOntariens dans une p\u00e9riode difficile.<\/p>\n<p>De surcro\u00eet, l\u2019ICE-Ontario a poursuivi ses efforts de d\u00e9fense<br \/>\ndes int\u00e9r\u00eats au sein du comit\u00e9 consultatif concernant le Projet de<br \/>\nloi 108 \u2013 Loi de 2019 pour plus de logements et plus de choix du<br \/>\nParlement de l\u2019Ontario, qui a re\u00e7u l\u2019assentiment royal.<\/p>\n<p>Il comprend des amendements \u00e0 la Loi sur les redevances<br \/>\nd\u2019exploitation et \u00e0 la Loi sur l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire. Parmi<br \/>\nles changements, on trouve la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles redevances<br \/>\npour b\u00e9n\u00e9fices communautaires dans la Loi sur l\u2019am\u00e9nagement <\/p>\n<p>du territoire qui, une fois en vigueur, augmenteront la certitude<br \/>\ndes co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront<br \/>\n\u00e0 la communaut\u00e9. Les changements pour \u00e9tablir l\u2019autorit\u00e9 des<br \/>\nredevances pour b\u00e9n\u00e9fices communautaires ne sont pas encore<br \/>\nproclam\u00e9s et n\u00e9cessitent des amendements \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation<br \/>\nqui permettront de le faire.<\/p>\n<p>Un domaine de consultation prioritaire est l\u2019\u00e9laboration de<br \/>\npourcentages sur la valeur des terrains qui d\u00e9termineront le<br \/>\nmontant maximal d\u2019une redevance pour b\u00e9n\u00e9fices communautaires.<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE-Ontario a \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 cette consultation pour offrir<br \/>\nses connaissances et sa perspective sur l\u2019espace de l\u2019\u00e9valuation,<br \/>\nalors que l\u2019on d\u00e9veloppe ces amendements r\u00e9glementaires.<\/p>\n<p>Demandes de prolonger l\u2019appel sur les imp\u00f4ts fonciers<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nL\u2019ICE-Qu\u00e9bec, l\u2019Ordre des \u00e9valuateurs agr\u00e9\u00e9s du Qu\u00e9bec (OEAQ),<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut de d\u00e9veloppement urbain (IDU) du Qu\u00e9bec, l\u2019Association<br \/>\ncanadienne de taxe fonci\u00e8re (ACTF), l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs municipaux (ICEM) et la Corporation des propri\u00e9taires<br \/>\nimmobiliers du Qu\u00e9bec (CORPIQ) ont joint leurs forces pour<br \/>\ndemander au minist\u00e8re des Affaires municipales et de l\u2019Habitation<br \/>\n(MAMH) de repousser l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance pour d\u00e9poser des demandes<br \/>\nd\u2019examen des \u00e9valuations fonci\u00e8res pour le r\u00f4le d\u2019imposition<br \/>\n2020-2022.<\/p>\n<p>Le groupe a fait une soumission \u00e0 cet effet au minist\u00e8re, en<br \/>\nplus de publier un communiqu\u00e9 de presse. Ces actions conjointes<br \/>\nsuivaient plusieurs courriels et demandes de la pr\u00e9sidente de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE-QC, Cynthia Villeneuve, depuis la demande du 24 mars 2020.<br \/>\nMme Villeneuve notait qu\u2019il appartient \u00e0 ce minist\u00e8re d\u2019assurer<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 aux contribuables du Qu\u00e9bec suite \u00e0 l\u2019application d\u2019une<br \/>\nrestriction l\u00e9gale du gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec, en leur donnant le<br \/>\ntemps suppl\u00e9mentaire et acceptable de faire valoir leur droit de<br \/>\ncontester des \u00e9valuations fonci\u00e8res apr\u00e8s un retour aux activit\u00e9s<br \/>\ncommerciales \u2039 habituelles \u203a. Mme Villeneuve a \u00e9galement confirm\u00e9<br \/>\nque le Nouveau-Brunswick, l\u2019Ontario, la Colombie-Britannique<br \/>\net l\u2019Alberta avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris des dispositions pour le rapport de<br \/>\nl\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance afin de corriger la situation actuelle. Elle indiquait que<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE-QC esp\u00e8re avoir interpell\u00e9 et motiv\u00e9 le minist\u00e8re \u00e0 repousser<br \/>\ncette \u00e9ch\u00e9ance, alors que tout le Qu\u00e9bec a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab mis sur PAUSE \u00bb !<\/p>\n<p>Certains m\u00e9dias de la province ont couvert le sujet, y compris<br \/>\nLa Presse, le 1077 FM Sherbrooke, CHOI FM 98.1 et plusieurs autres.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 tous les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s jusqu\u2019ici, le gouvernement du<br \/>\nQu\u00e9bec n\u2019y a malheureusement pas donn\u00e9 suite.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame avec les limites caus\u00e9es par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19,<br \/>\nbeaucoup d\u2019activit\u00e9s ont lieu dans tout le pays et nous n\u2019avons<br \/>\nsoulev\u00e9 que les faits saillants. Si vous avez des questions ou des<br \/>\ncommentaires sur l\u2019une de ces initiatives ou si vous d\u00e9sirez en<br \/>\nsugg\u00e9rer une autre pour la d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats, veuillez contacter<br \/>\nvotre repr\u00e9sentant provincial ou Andre Hannoush, directeur des<br \/>\naffaires publiques \u00e0 l\u2019ICE-National, \u00e0 andreh@aicanada.ca. <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 62 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:andreh@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>A computer. A username and a password. A comfortable place to work \u2013 maybe in your office, at home, or even at the park.For the most part, these are the only items<br \/>\nneeded for professionals who are looking to further their<br \/>\neducation through online learning. Whether for professional<br \/>\ndevelopment purposes or to simply expand their knowledge base<br \/>\nfor personal\/professional interest, going back to school today<br \/>\nlooks a lot different than it used to.<\/p>\n<p>From the ability to work through course material at your own<br \/>\npace to eliminating the need to commute to a classroom, there are<br \/>\nplenty of perks to the online learning platforms that are available<br \/>\ntoday to AIC Members taking courses offered through the UBC<br \/>\nReal Estate Division \u2013 but it took some fine tuning to get here.<\/p>\n<p>The evolution of online learning<\/p>\n<p>Distance education existed long before cell phones, tablets,<br \/>\nand computers were everyday household items. In its infancy,<br \/>\ndistance education involved courses that took place entirely by<br \/>\ncorrespondence, relying on the postal service to relay course<br \/>\nwork, assignments, and other materials. It was a slow process,<br \/>\nbut it made learning accessible to people who lived in remote<br \/>\nareas or who were otherwise unable to attend traditional<br \/>\ncourses in the classroom. In the early days, the vast majority<br \/>\nof professionals opted for in-class learning whenever possible,<br \/>\nviewing distance education as an option of lesser quality and<br \/>\nlast resort.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe introduction of the internet changed everything,\u201d says<br \/>\nJohn Bridal, Associate Director at the UBC Real Estate Division. <\/p>\n<p>Online learning<br \/>\nand the AIC<br \/>\nBY UBC REAL ESTATE DIVISION<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 63Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>EDUCATION<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe tools available exploded.\u201d With students now able to access<br \/>\nthe internet from their own homes, elements of online education<br \/>\nlike communication, transmitting course content, and working<br \/>\ncollaboratively have been embraced in a virtual classroom. <\/p>\n<p>As professionals began to conduct their work, banking,<br \/>\nshopping, and communications online, taking the leap to online<br \/>\neducation felt like a natural extension. \u201cStudents no longer<br \/>\nchoose online learning as a second-best option,\u201d explains<br \/>\nJohn. \u201cOur students are keen to commit to lifelong learning,<br \/>\nbut demand to do so on their own schedule and at their own<br \/>\npace.\u201d The online learning platform meets those needs and<br \/>\ndemands perfectly.<\/p>\n<p>Online learning today<\/p>\n<p>In the modern-day world of virtual education, the entire process<br \/>\ntakes place online \u2013 from signing up for a course to taking<br \/>\nfinal exams. <\/p>\n<p>AIC Members can learn about course offerings and sign<br \/>\nup on the UBC Real Estate Division website (www.realestate.<br \/>\nubc.ca\/aic). Whether completing multiple degree credit<br \/>\ncourses to achieve designation or simply registering for a<br \/>\ncontinuing professional development (CPD) course, signing up<br \/>\nis straightforward: select the course of choice, register with the<br \/>\nUBC Real Estate Division, pay the course fee, and get access to<br \/>\nthe course.<\/p>\n<p>There is no need to wait weeks for school to start: as soon<br \/>\nas students have access to their course website, they can begin<br \/>\nlearning. \u201cThe Appraisal Institute of Canada has a reach that<br \/>\nspans coast to coast to coast,\u201d says Jan Wicherek, AACI, P. App.,<br \/>\nPresident of the Institute. \u201cOur Members live in communities<br \/>\nof all sizes and juggle many professional and personal<br \/>\ncommitments. Offering online learning in partnership with the<br \/>\nUBC Real Estate Division ensures that all Members have access<br \/>\nto high quality educational experiences, regardless of their<br \/>\nlocation or their schedules.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While some courses have printed learning materials that are<br \/>\nmailed out to students, all reading material is also available on<br \/>\nthe course website, so students can get started right away. In<br \/>\nseveral courses, materials are offered exclusively online.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to course readings, many courses offer<br \/>\nmultimedia components, such as video presentations. It is<br \/>\nalmost like attending lectures in person \u2013 except you can do it<br \/>\nin your pajamas and whenever your schedule allows\u2026 plus you<br \/>\ncan rewind!<\/p>\n<p>For all continuing professional development courses, the<br \/>\nend-of-course learning assessment also takes place online,<br \/>\ntypically in the form of one or more multiple choice quizzes that<br \/>\nare integrated into the course website. When students have<br \/>\nfinished reading and reviewing the materials, they can complete<br \/>\nthe quizzes whenever they are ready. <\/p>\n<p>Online learning: the pros and cons<\/p>\n<p>One aspect of online learning that appeals to many students is the<br \/>\nflexibility. Since there are not rigid class schedules, students \u2013<br \/>\nmany of whom are busy professionals \u2013 are able to work on their<br \/>\ncourse materials at times that are convenient to them. \u201cThe greatest<br \/>\nadvantage of online learning is the ability to schedule your learning<br \/>\nfor a convenient time, in a comfortable environment,\u201d says Terry<br \/>\nDowle, President of AIC-BC and a recent student of the Effective<br \/>\nCo-Signing course. \u201cHaving the ability to undertake the course<br \/>\nwhen I have the time and can focus gives me a greater advantage for<br \/>\nsuccess. I was able to create an opportunity to complete my course<br \/>\nin a manner which did not interfere with my personal or professional<br \/>\nactivities.\u201d While certain deadlines are imposed to motivate students<br \/>\nto stay on top of coursework, for the most part, students are able to<br \/>\ncoordinate their own learning schedules.<\/p>\n<p>The ability to manage your own time and scheduling is one<br \/>\nof the biggest advantages to online learning, but it can also be a<br \/>\ndownside: self-discipline and effective time management are two<br \/>\nessential skills for ensuring a positive online learning experience.<br \/>\n\u201cEngagement is crucial in distance education,\u201d says the UBC Real<br \/>\nEstate Division\u2019s John Bridal. \u201cThe research shows that once a<br \/>\nstudent falls behind, their likelihood of dropping out increases<br \/>\ndramatically. But if they get started, even in a small way, it starts<br \/>\nthe ball rolling towards success.\u201d As such, courses are structured<br \/>\nto allow students to adapt the materials to their own circumstances,<br \/>\nwhile encouraging students to get engaged early and then to keep<br \/>\nthe momentum going.<\/p>\n<p>Some students also miss the personal touch of in-person<br \/>\neducation. \u201cThe biggest downside to online learning is the inability to<br \/>\nhave face-to-face interactions with instructors and other students,\u201d<br \/>\nsays Terry Dowle. \u201cSometimes, the best learning is with first-hand<br \/>\nexperience. That is somewhat limited in an online environment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The length of time required to complete a course varies significantly,<br \/>\nfrom a few hours to several weeks, depending on the course and<br \/>\nprogram. In either case, most students find it beneficial to review their<br \/>\ncalendars and deliberately set aside time to devote to their coursework.<br \/>\nThis should be a time where distractions are at a minimum: during<br \/>\na slower period at work, after the kids are asleep, etc. With a plan in <\/p>\n<p>With students now able to access the<br \/>\ninternet from their own homes, elements<br \/>\nof online education like communication,<br \/>\ntransmitting course content, and working<br \/>\ncollaboratively have been embraced in a<br \/>\nvirtual classroom.<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 64 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/aic<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/aic<\/p>\n<p>EDUCATION<\/p>\n<p>place, it becomes much more manageable to complete the course<br \/>\nsuccessfully. Students should resist the temptation to rush through<br \/>\nthe materials. \u201cTake your time,\u201d advises Terry Dowle. \u201cMake sure<br \/>\nyou are in a comfortable environment with limited or no distractions.<br \/>\nUse the technology and follow the instructions. Think of this as a new<br \/>\nexperience and an opportunity for focused learning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>More relevant than ever<\/p>\n<p>As workplaces \u2013 and the world as a whole \u2013 rapidly adapt to the<br \/>\nconstraints imposed by COVID-19, online learning is more appealing<br \/>\nthan ever before. But the benefits of online education go beyond a<br \/>\npandemic, and even students who were previously hesitant about<br \/>\ncompleting coursework virtually see the appeal of the format after<br \/>\nthey have the opportunity to become acquainted with the various<br \/>\ntools available.<\/p>\n<p>The UBC Real Estate Division offers many optional and<br \/>\nmandatory courses for Members of the Appraisal Institute of<br \/>\nCanada. Recently developed offerings include:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 the Professional Practice Seminar (PPS) online course,<br \/>\nrequired for all AIC Members within the first 12 months of<br \/>\neach 2-year CPD cycle<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Introduction to Professional Practice (ITPP), required<br \/>\nfor individuals who are interested in becoming an AIC<br \/>\nCandidate Member<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Effective Co-Signing: Guiding and Overseeing Candidates,<br \/>\nrequired for CRA and AACI designated Members who co-<br \/>\nsign reports on behalf of Candidates. <\/p>\n<p>Each course offers CPD credits and provides a practical introduction<br \/>\nto the world of online learning. The courses are intended to be user-<br \/>\nfriendly, informative, and valuable to students, with content designed<br \/>\nand presented by designated AIC Members for their peers.<\/p>\n<p>Students who are hesitant about diving into the world of online<br \/>\nlearning may find it helpful to know that help is just a couple of<br \/>\nclicks away. A quick email to the UBC Real Estate Division will help<br \/>\nstudents navigate any obstacles that they come across. <\/p>\n<p>As technology evolves and new online learning tools are developed,<br \/>\nthe UBC Real Estate Division continues to improve and expand its<br \/>\nonline course offerings. \u201cEmbracing the opportunities presented by<br \/>\nonline learning is key to our Members\u2019 growth and ongoing professional<br \/>\ndevelopment,\u201d says Jan Wicherek. \u201cWe look forward to seeing where<br \/>\nthis platform will continue to take our Members.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Embracing the opportunities<br \/>\npresented by online learning is key to<br \/>\nour Members\u2019 growth and ongoing<br \/>\nprofessional development.<\/p>\n<p>Realize<br \/>\nyour<br \/>\npotential<br \/>\nat Altus<br \/>\nGroup<\/p>\n<p>350+<br \/>\nappraisers | economists  <\/p>\n<p>market researchers | advisors<br \/>\nplanners | data scientists<\/p>\n<p>Join our Research, Valuation and Advisory team<br \/>\naltusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>Follow us on<\/p>\n<p>Interactive Edition<br \/>\navailable online<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant disponible<\/p>\n<p>Visit www.aicanada.ca | En savoir plus www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/<\/p>\n<p>Mobile,<br \/>\n iPad, iPhone <\/p>\n<p>versions<br \/>\nincluded!<\/p>\n<p>PUBLIC SECTOR BUILDINGS:<\/p>\n<p>VALUING FORGOTTEN<br \/>\nINFRASTRUCTURE<\/p>\n<p>B\u00c2TIMENTS DU SECTEUR PUBLIC : <\/p>\n<p>\u00c9VALUATION<br \/>\nD&rsquo;INFRASTRUCTURES <\/p>\n<p>OUBLI\u00c9ES<\/p>\n<p>VOL 59 | BOOK 2 \/ TOME 2 | 2015<\/p>\n<p>T H E  O F F I C I A L  P U B L I C A T I O N  O F  T H E  A P P R A I S A L  I N S T I T U T E  O F  C A N A D A<br \/>\nP U B L I C A T I O N  O F F I C I E L L E  D E  L\u2019 I N S T I T U T  C A N A D I E N  D E S  \u00c9 V A L U A T E U R S<\/p>\n<p>PM<br \/>\n #<\/p>\n<p>40<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p>82<br \/>\n49<\/p>\n<p> R<br \/>\net<\/p>\n<p>ur<br \/>\nn <\/p>\n<p>un<br \/>\nde<\/p>\n<p>liv<br \/>\ner<\/p>\n<p>ab<br \/>\nle<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\nia<\/p>\n<p>n<br \/>\nAd<\/p>\n<p>dr<br \/>\nes<\/p>\n<p>se<br \/>\ns <\/p>\n<p>to<br \/>\n: <\/p>\n<p>Ap<br \/>\npr<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nsa<\/p>\n<p>l I<br \/>\nns<\/p>\n<p>tit<br \/>\nut<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nof<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nan<\/p>\n<p>ad<br \/>\na,<\/p>\n<p> 4<br \/>\n03<\/p>\n<p>-2<br \/>\n00<\/p>\n<p> C<br \/>\nat<\/p>\n<p>he<br \/>\nrin<\/p>\n<p>e<br \/>\nSt<\/p>\n<p>.,<br \/>\nO<\/p>\n<p>tt<br \/>\naw<\/p>\n<p>a,<br \/>\n O<\/p>\n<p>N<br \/>\nK2<\/p>\n<p>P<br \/>\n2K<\/p>\n<p>9.<br \/>\n E<\/p>\n<p>m<br \/>\nai<\/p>\n<p>l:<br \/>\nin<\/p>\n<p>fo<br \/>\n@<\/p>\n<p>ai<br \/>\nca<\/p>\n<p>na<br \/>\nda<\/p>\n<p>.c<br \/>\na<\/p>\n<p>LANSDOWNE: A SUCCESS<br \/>\nSTORY OF REDEVELOPMENT<br \/>\nParc Lansdowne : projet de <\/p>\n<p>r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement r\u00e9ussi<\/p>\n<p>CLIMBING THE HILL<br \/>\nTO SEE OVER THE TOP<\/p>\n<p>Gravir la montagne<br \/>\npour voir le sommet<\/p>\n<p>THE VALUATION OF<br \/>\nDISTRESSED PROPERTIES<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9valuation de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s saisies<br \/>\net d\u00e9fi nition de la valeur <\/p>\n<p>Versions pour<br \/>\nles appareils<br \/>\nmobiles, iPad <\/p>\n<p>et iPhone<br \/>\nincluses.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 65Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3Y8cBaAoL1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Home&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/embed\/#?secret=4YlWHEdtXn#?secret=3Y8cBaAoL1\" data-secret=\"3Y8cBaAoL1\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/altusgroup.com\/careers<\/p>\n<p>U n ordinateur. Un nom d\u2019utilisateur et un mot de passe. Un endroit confortable pour travailler \u2013 peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 votre bureau, votre domicile ou m\u00eame dans un parc.<br \/>\nPour l\u2019essentiel, ce sont les seuls \u00e9l\u00e9ments requis pour les <\/p>\n<p>professionnels qui veulent faire d\u2019autres \u00e9tudes par l\u2019entremise<br \/>\nde l\u2019apprentissage en ligne. Que ce soit pour se perfectionner<br \/>\nprofessionnellement ou simplement afin d\u2019\u00e9tendre leur base de<br \/>\nconnaissances pour leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats personnels ou professionnels,<br \/>\nretourner \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole aujourd\u2019hui est bien diff\u00e9rent de ce que<br \/>\nc\u2019\u00e9tait auparavant.<\/p>\n<p>Entre la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019assimiler des mat\u00e9riaux de cours \u00e0 votre<br \/>\npropre rythme et l\u2019\u00e9limination du besoin de se rendre en salle<br \/>\nde classe, il existe de nombreux avantages aux plates-formes <\/p>\n<p>d\u2019apprentissage en ligne offertes aujourd\u2019hui aux membres<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE qui suivent des cours de la Division de l\u2019immobilier de<br \/>\nl\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique (UCB) \u2013 mais cela a pris<br \/>\nune bonne mise au point pour en arriver l\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019apprentissage en ligne<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 distance existait bien avant que les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones<br \/>\ncellulaires, les tablettes et les ordinateurs ne deviennent des<br \/>\narticles d\u2019usage courant. \u00c0 ses d\u00e9buts, l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 distance<br \/>\nimpliquait des cours enti\u00e8rement donn\u00e9s par correspondance,<br \/>\ncomptant sur le service postal pour transmettre les travaux de<br \/>\ncours, les devoirs et autres mat\u00e9riaux. Le processus \u00e9tait lent,<br \/>\nmais il rendait l\u2019apprentissage accessible aux gens vivant en<br \/>\nr\u00e9gions \u00e9loign\u00e9es ou qui \u00e9taient autrement incapables de suivre <\/p>\n<p>L\u2019apprentissage<br \/>\nen ligne et l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nPAR UBC REAL ESTATE DIVISION<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 66 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>des cours traditionnels en salle de classe. Dans les premiers<br \/>\ntemps, la grande majorit\u00e9 des professionnels optaient le plus<br \/>\npossible pour l\u2019apprentissage en classe, consid\u00e9rant l\u2019\u00e9ducation<br \/>\n\u00e0 distance comme une option de moindre qualit\u00e9 et seulement en<br \/>\ndernier recours.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab L\u2019arriv\u00e9e de l\u2019Internet a tout chang\u00e9 \u00bb, remarque John Bridal,<br \/>\ncodirecteur de la Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB. \u00ab Le nombre<br \/>\nd\u2019outils disponibles a explos\u00e9. \u00bb Les \u00e9tudiants pouvant d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\nacc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019Internet chez eux, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019\u00e9ducation en ligne<br \/>\ncomme la communication, la transmission des mati\u00e8res de cours<br \/>\net le travail en collaboration ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis dans une salle de<br \/>\nclasse virtuelle.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que les professionnels ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 mener leur<br \/>\ntravail, leurs op\u00e9rations bancaires, leur magasinage et leur<br \/>\ncommunication en ligne, faire le saut vers l\u2019\u00e9ducation en ligne<br \/>\nsemblait un prolongement tout naturel. \u00ab Les \u00e9tudiants ne<br \/>\nchoisissent plus l\u2019apprentissage en ligne comme une deuxi\u00e8me<br \/>\nmeilleure option \u00bb, explique John Bridal. Ils ont tr\u00e8s envie de<br \/>\ns\u2019engager envers l\u2019apprentissage continu, tout en exigeant de le<br \/>\nfaire selon l\u2019horaire et le rythme qui leur conviennent. \u00bb La plate-<br \/>\nforme d\u2019apprentissage en ligne r\u00e9pond parfaitement \u00e0 ces besoins<br \/>\net \u00e0 ces exigences.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019apprentissage en ligne aujourd\u2019hui<\/p>\n<p>Dans le monde moderne de l\u2019enseignement virtuel, tout le<br \/>\nprocessus se d\u00e9roule en ligne \u2013 de l\u2019inscription \u00e0 un cours au<br \/>\npassage des derniers examens.<\/p>\n<p>Les membres de l\u2019ICE peuvent conna\u00eetre les cours offerts<br \/>\net s\u2019inscrire directement sur le site Web de la Division de<br \/>\nl\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB (www.realestate.ubc.ca\/aic). Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse<br \/>\nde compl\u00e9ter des cours cr\u00e9dit\u00e9s \u00e0 grade multiples pour obtenir<br \/>\nune d\u00e9signation ou simplement de s\u2019inscrire \u00e0 un cours de<br \/>\nperfectionnement professionnel continu (PPC), l\u2019inscription est<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s facile : s\u00e9lectionnez votre cours; inscrivez-vous aupr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nla Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB; payez les frais du cours;<br \/>\net obtenez l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 celui-ci.<\/p>\n<p>Plus besoin d\u2019attendre des semaines pour que l\u2019\u00e9cole<br \/>\ncommence : aussit\u00f4t que les \u00e9tudiants ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur site Web<br \/>\nde cours, ils peuvent commencer leurs \u00e9tudes. \u00ab Le rayonnement<br \/>\nde l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs s\u2019\u00e9tend d\u2019un oc\u00e9an \u00e0<br \/>\nl\u2019autre \u00bb, d\u2019expliquer Jan Wicherek, AACI, P. App., pr\u00e9sident de<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut. \u00ab Nos membres vivent dans des communaut\u00e9s de toutes<br \/>\ngrandeurs et doivent composer avec plusieurs engagements<br \/>\nprofessionnels et personnels. Offrir l\u2019apprentissage en ligne en<br \/>\npartenariat avec la Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB assure que<br \/>\ntous les membres aient acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences p\u00e9dagogiques de<br \/>\nhaut niveau, peu importe l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 ils se trouvent ou quels que<br \/>\nsoient leurs horaires. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Bien que certains cours comprennent des mat\u00e9riaux<br \/>\ndidactiques imprim\u00e9s, que l\u2019on envoie aux \u00e9tudiants par la<br \/>\nposte, tout le mat\u00e9riel de lecture est \u00e9galement disponible<br \/>\nsur le site Web du cours, afin qu\u2019ils puissent commencer<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diatement. Dans plusieurs cours, les mat\u00e9riaux sont offerts<br \/>\nen ligne seulement.<\/p>\n<p>En plus des lectures de cours, beaucoup de cours ont des<br \/>\ncomposantes multim\u00e9dias, comme des pr\u00e9sentations vid\u00e9o.<br \/>\nC\u2019est pratiquement comme assister \u00e0 un enseignement magistral<br \/>\nen personne, sauf que vous pouvez le faire en pyjama, quand vous<br \/>\navez le temps; en plus, vous pouvez revenir en arri\u00e8re !<\/p>\n<p>Pour tous les cours de perfectionnement professionnel<br \/>\ncontinu, l\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019apprentissage en fin de cours se d\u00e9roule<br \/>\n\u00e9galement en ligne, habituellement sous la forme d\u2019un ou<br \/>\nplusieurs quiz aux r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 choix multiples qui sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s<br \/>\ndans le site Web des cours. Les \u00e9tudiants qui ont fini de lire<br \/>\net examiner les mat\u00e9riaux peuvent faire les quiz quand ils se<br \/>\nsentent pr\u00eats.<\/p>\n<p>Les pour et les contre de l\u2019apprentissage en ligne<\/p>\n<p>Un aspect de l\u2019apprentissage en ligne qui pla\u00eet \u00e0 plusieurs<br \/>\n\u00e9tudiants est sa flexibilit\u00e9. Comme il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019horaires rigides<br \/>\nen classe, les \u00e9tudiants \u2013 dont plusieurs sont des professionnels<br \/>\ntr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s \u2013 peuvent assimiler leurs mat\u00e9riaux de cours \u00e0<br \/>\ndes moments propices pour eux. \u00ab Le plus grand avantage de<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage en ligne est la capacit\u00e9 de fixer le jour, l\u2019heure<br \/>\net l\u2019environnement qui vous conviennent \u00bb, de dire Terry Dowle,<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE-CB et r\u00e9cent \u00e9tudiant du cours Effective<br \/>\nCo-Signing. \u00ab Pouvoir entreprendre le cours quand j\u2019avais le<br \/>\ntemps et je pouvais me concentrer m\u2019a donn\u00e9 de meilleures<br \/>\nchances de r\u00e9ussite. J\u2019ai pu cr\u00e9er une opportunit\u00e9 de suivre mon<br \/>\ncours d\u2019une mani\u00e8re qui n\u2019a pas g\u00ean\u00e9 mes activit\u00e9s personnelles<br \/>\nou professionnelles. \u00bb M\u00eame si certains \u00e9ch\u00e9anciers sont impos\u00e9s<br \/>\npour inciter les \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 bien suivre les travaux de cours, la<br \/>\nplupart d\u2019entre eux sont capables de coordonner leur propre<br \/>\ncalendrier d\u2019apprentissage.<\/p>\n<p>La possibilit\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer votre propre temps et votre horaire est<br \/>\nl\u2019un des plus gros avantages de l\u2019apprentissage en ligne, mais il <\/p>\n<p>\u00c9DUCATION<\/p>\n<p>Entre la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019assimiler des<br \/>\nmat\u00e9riaux de cours \u00e0 votre propre<br \/>\nrythme et l\u2019\u00e9limination du besoin de<br \/>\nse rendre en salle de classe, il existe<br \/>\nde nombreux avantages aux plates-<br \/>\nformes d\u2019apprentissage en ligne.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 67Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.realestate.ubc.ca\/aic<\/p>\n<p>peut aussi y avoir un inconv\u00e9nient : l\u2019autodiscipline et la gestion du<br \/>\ntemps efficace sont deux comp\u00e9tences essentielles pour assurer<br \/>\nune exp\u00e9rience positive d\u2019apprentissage en ligne. \u00ab L\u2019engagement<br \/>\nest crucial pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 distance \u00bb, affirme John Bridal de la<br \/>\nDivision de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB. \u00ab La recherche montre que lorsque<br \/>\nles \u00e9tudiants prennent du retard, la possibilit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils abandonnent<br \/>\nleur cours augmente de fa\u00e7on dramatique. Mais, s\u2019ils commencent,<br \/>\nm\u00eame un tant soit peu, ils sont bien partis pour r\u00e9ussir. \u00bb \u00c0 ce titre,<br \/>\nles cours sont structur\u00e9s pour permettre aux \u00e9tudiants d\u2019adapter le<br \/>\nmat\u00e9riel \u00e0 leurs propres circonstances, tout en les encourageant \u00e0<br \/>\ns\u2019engager d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part et \u00e0 rester sur leur lanc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Certains \u00e9tudiants manquent aussi la touche personnelle<br \/>\nde l\u2019\u00e9ducation en personne. \u00ab Le plus gros inconv\u00e9nient de<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage en ligne est l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019interagir face-\u00e0-<br \/>\nface avec les moniteurs et les autres \u00e9tudiants, note Terry<br \/>\nDowle. Parfois, le meilleur apprentissage s\u2019obtient par une<br \/>\nexp\u00e9rience acquise sur place. Cela est quelque peu limit\u00e9<br \/>\ndans un environnement virtuel. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Les p\u00e9riodes de temps requises pour compl\u00e9ter un cours<br \/>\nvarient consid\u00e9rablement, allant de quelques heures \u00e0 quelques<br \/>\nsemaines, selon le cours et le programme. Dans un cas comme<br \/>\ndans l\u2019autre, la plupart des \u00e9tudiants trouvent avantageux<br \/>\nd\u2019examiner leur calendrier et de r\u00e9server d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment du temps <\/p>\n<p>pour se consacrer aux travaux de leur cours. \u00c7a devrait \u00eatre<br \/>\nun moment o\u00f9 les distractions sont au minimum, p. ex. durant<br \/>\nune p\u00e9riode moins occup\u00e9e au travail ou quand les enfants<br \/>\nsont endormis. En s\u2019aidant d\u2019un plan, il est bien plus facile de<br \/>\ncompl\u00e9ter un cours avec succ\u00e8s. Les \u00e9tudiants devraient r\u00e9sister<br \/>\n\u00e0 la tentation de se pr\u00e9cipiter \u00e0 travers les mat\u00e9riaux. \u00ab Prenez<br \/>\nvotre temps, conseille Terry Dowle. Assurez-vous d\u2019\u00eatre dans<br \/>\nun environnement confortable, avec peu ou pas de distractions.<br \/>\nUtilisez la technologie et suivez les instructions. Voyez cela<br \/>\ncomme une nouvelle exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir et une opportunit\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019apprentissage cibl\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Plus pertinent que jamais<\/p>\n<p>Alors que les lieux de travail \u2013 et le monde dans son ensemble \u2013<br \/>\ns\u2019adaptent rapidement aux contraintes impos\u00e9es par la COVID-19,<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage en ligne est plus attrayant que jamais. Mais, les<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l\u2019\u00e9ducation en ligne vont au-del\u00e0 d\u2019une pand\u00e9mie,<br \/>\net m\u00eame les \u00e9tudiants qui h\u00e9sitaient auparavant \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter<br \/>\nles mat\u00e9riaux de cours par voie \u00e9lectronique voient maintenant<br \/>\nl\u2019attrait de ce format une fois qu\u2019ils ont eu l\u2019occasion de se<br \/>\nfamiliariser avec les diff\u00e9rents outils disponibles.<\/p>\n<p>La Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB offre plusieurs cours<br \/>\nfacultatifs et obligatoires aux membres de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs. Les cours r\u00e9cemment \u00e9labor\u00e9s comprennent :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 le cours en ligne Professional Practice Seminar (PPS), requis<br \/>\npour tous les membres de l\u2019ICE dans les 12 premiers mois de<br \/>\nchaque cycle de PPC de deux ans<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Introduction to Professional Practice (ITPP), requis pour les<br \/>\nindividus qui aimeraient devenir membres stagiaires de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Effective Co-Signing: Guiding and Overseeing Candidates,<br \/>\nrequis pour les membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s CRA et AACI qui cosignent<br \/>\ndes rapports au nom des stagiaires.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque cours donne droit \u00e0 des cr\u00e9dits de PPC et constitue une<br \/>\nintroduction pratique au monde de l\u2019apprentissage en ligne. Les<br \/>\ncours se veulent conviviaux, instructifs et utiles pour les \u00e9tudiants,<br \/>\navec des contenus con\u00e7us et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s<br \/>\nde l\u2019ICE \u00e0 leurs pairs.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudiants qui h\u00e9sitent \u00e0 se lancer dans l\u2019univers de<br \/>\nl\u2019apprentissage en ligne pourront trouver utile de savoir qu\u2019une<br \/>\nassistance est disponible \u00e0 seulement quelques clics. Un rapide<br \/>\ncourriel \u00e0 la Division de l\u2019immobilier de l\u2019UCB les aidera \u00e0 passer<br \/>\ntous les obstacles rencontr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que la technologie \u00e9volue et qu\u2019on \u00e9labore de nouveaux<br \/>\noutils d\u2019apprentissage en ligne, la Division de l\u2019immobilier de<br \/>\nl\u2019UCB continue \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer et \u00e0 \u00e9tendre ses offres de cours en<br \/>\nligne. \u00ab Accueillir les opportunit\u00e9s que pr\u00e9sente l\u2019apprentissage<br \/>\nen ligne est une cl\u00e9 pour la croissance de nos membres et pour<br \/>\nleur perfectionnement professionnel continu, \u00bb conclut Jan<br \/>\nWicherek. \u00ab Nous sommes impatients de voir o\u00f9 cette plate-forme<br \/>\ncontinuera d\u2019amener nos membres. \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>\u00c9DUCATION<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudiants pouvant d\u00e9sormais<br \/>\nacc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019Internet chez eux, les<br \/>\n\u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019\u00e9ducation en ligne<br \/>\ncomme la communication, la<br \/>\ntransmission des mati\u00e8res de cours et le<br \/>\ntravail en collaboration ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis<br \/>\ndans une salle de classe virtuelle.<\/p>\n<p>Besoin de cr\u00e9dits de perfectionnement<br \/>\nprofessionnel (CPP)?<br \/>\nRendez-vous sur la page de PPC du site Web de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE afin de d\u00e9couvrir toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p>www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/evenements-aic\/des-<br \/>\nopportunites-ppc-de-lice\/<\/p>\n<p>Appraisal Institute of Canada<br \/>\nInstitut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 68 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nu2e2u1tNm\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/evenements-aic\/des-opportunites-ppc-de-lice\/\">Des opportunit\u00e9s PPC de l\u2019ICE<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"oembed-iframe\"  class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Des opportunit\u00e9s PPC de l\u2019ICE&#8221; &#8212; Appraisal Institute of Canada\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/evenements-aic\/des-opportunites-ppc-de-lice\/embed\/#?secret=g9faBxqn8q#?secret=nu2e2u1tNm\" data-secret=\"nu2e2u1tNm\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Congratulations Craig,<br \/>\nPeter and Thomas<br \/>\nfor your outstanding<br \/>\ncontributions to<br \/>\nour profession<br \/>\nCOVID-19 may have prevented us from holding our 2020 Appraisal<br \/>\nInstitute of Canada (AIC) Annual Conference, but it certainly did<br \/>\nnot prevent us from recognizing three outstanding AIC Members<br \/>\nwhose contributions to the Institute and our profession have been<br \/>\ntruly remarkable.<\/p>\n<p>W.C. McCUTCHEON AWARD<\/p>\n<p>The W.C. McCutcheon Award, created<br \/>\nto mark AIC\u2019s 80th anniversary, is an<br \/>\nesteemed award named after AIC\u2019s<br \/>\nfirst president in 1938. The award is<br \/>\ngranted to outstanding volunteers<br \/>\nof the AIC who have been long-<br \/>\nstanding committee volunteers and<br \/>\nhave demonstrated leadership and<br \/>\ncommitment to the Institute. These<br \/>\nvolunteers continually go \u2018above and <\/p>\n<p>beyond\u2019 in sharing their time, expertise and experience to advance<br \/>\nthe appraisal profession. This year\u2019s recipient is Craig Soderquist,<br \/>\nAACI, P. App. <\/p>\n<p>Craig has spent 12 years on the FPLIC (First Professional<br \/>\nLiability Insurance Company) Board \u2013 before that, he was both an<br \/>\nAIC national Vice President and a long time provincial volunteer.<br \/>\nHe is a partner at Tempus Real Estate Capital Inc. and Soderquist<br \/>\nAppraisals Ltd., and has over 30 years of experience in providing<br \/>\nreal estate appraisals and consulting services in the Red Deer<br \/>\nand Central Alberta areas. Craig is also a long time member<br \/>\nof the Red Deer business community, and is a dedicated<br \/>\ncommunity volunteer.<\/p>\n<p>During his tenure on the FPLIC Board, Craig has been an<br \/>\ninstrumental part of efforts to increase the effectiveness and<br \/>\noperation of the company. Through these efforts, the company<br \/>\nnow finds itself in a very strong financial and operational position,<br \/>\nthereby providing a base that allows the company to continue<br \/>\nto provide stable and reliable re-insurance coverage to the AIC<br \/>\nProfessional Liability Insurance Program. Without this company,<br \/>\nAIC Members would be subject to the fluctuations of the insurance<br \/>\nmarket and the AIC\u2019s efforts to support diversification of the<br \/>\nprofession may have been impinged.<\/p>\n<p>PRESIDENT\u2019S CITATION<\/p>\n<p>The President\u2019s Citation is one of most<br \/>\nprestigious awards that is granted to<br \/>\nvolunteers of the AIC. The Award is granted<br \/>\nat the discretion of the outgoing President<br \/>\n\u2013 and granted to long-standing committee<br \/>\nvolunteers who have demonstrated<br \/>\nleadership and commitment. This year\u2019s<br \/>\nrecipient is Peter McLean, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Peter was elected as President of<br \/>\nthe AIC in June 2018. He first joined <\/p>\n<p>the Institute in 1990 and received his AACI designation in 2001. His<br \/>\ninvolvement with the AIC began when, as a Candidate Member, he<br \/>\nserved as secretary on the Peterborough Lindsay Chapter. Peter was<br \/>\nlater elected as the Regional Director for the Ontario Association<br \/>\nafter serving as Chair for three terms. While serving on the Ontario<br \/>\nAssociation Board, he was President for two years.<\/p>\n<p>Governance has been important to Peter as he was appointed by<br \/>\nthe Lieutenant Governor of Ontario to the Peterborough-Lakefield<br \/>\nPolice Services Board and served as Chair for two years. After his<br \/>\nterm on the Ontario Association, Peter served as a governor for<br \/>\nFleming College for a six-year term and was Board Chair for three<br \/>\nyears. He continues to be involved with the National body of AIC as<br \/>\na Board Examiner and on various other committees.<\/p>\n<p>Peter has practiced as a fee appraiser and mentored several<br \/>\nCandidate Members who have successfully been granted their<br \/>\ndesignations. Upon graduating from the University of Windsor,<br \/>\nhe worked as a lender with a major bank before joining the AIC.<br \/>\nPeter\u2019s company, McLean Simon &#038; Associates Inc., has offices in<br \/>\nPeterborough and Ottawa.<\/p>\n<p>FELLOW<\/p>\n<p>The title of Fellow is granted to<br \/>\nDesignated Members who have<br \/>\ndistinguished themselves by their<br \/>\nexemplary contributions to the<br \/>\nprofession. This is demonstrated by a<br \/>\nhigh level of excellence and achievement<br \/>\nthat has contributed to the advancement<br \/>\nof the profession. The Fellowship<br \/>\nAward is granted at the discretion of the<br \/>\nNational Board of Directors. The 2020 <\/p>\n<p>recipient is Thomas Fax, AACI, P. App.<br \/>\nThomas started in the family business working for his father <\/p>\n<p>Terry in 1996 and assumed leadership of the company when Terry<br \/>\nsemi-retired in 2007. In 2017, he also became a Managing Partner<br \/>\nof Verra Group Valuations. With more than 20 years in the valuation<br \/>\nprofession, Thomas continues to operate his firm, Fox Appraisals<br \/>\nin Regina, SK where he specializes in residential, multi-family,<br \/>\ncommercial and industrial properties.<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 69Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>Thomas earned his AACI in 2006 and has a wealth of volunteer<br \/>\nexperience in his profession and with the Institute. In June 2015,<br \/>\nhe was elected as Vice President of the AIC, and, in June 2019, was<br \/>\nelected President. As well as serving on AIC\u2019s Board of Directors,<br \/>\nThomas has volunteered on the Work Product Reviewer Committee,<br \/>\nhas Co-Chaired AIC\u2019s Professional Practice Committee, and has<br \/>\nChaired the Audit and Finance Committee. At the provincial level,<br \/>\nhe has been Provincial President for two terms.<\/p>\n<p>He also chaired Saskatchewan\u2019s Professional Development<br \/>\nCommittee as well as the Marketing Committee.<\/p>\n<p>Craig, Peter et Thomas,<br \/>\nf\u00e9licitations pour<br \/>\nvos contributions<br \/>\nexceptionnelles \u00e0<br \/>\nnotre profession<br \/>\nLa COVID-19 peut nous avoir emp\u00each\u00e9s de tenir notre Congr\u00e8s<br \/>\nannuel de l\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE) 2020, mais<br \/>\nelle ne nous a certainement pas emp\u00each\u00e9s de reconna\u00eetre trois<br \/>\nmembres exceptionnels de l\u2019ICE dont les contributions \u00e0 l\u2019Institut<br \/>\net \u00e0 notre profession furent v\u00e9ritablement remarquables.<\/p>\n<p>PRIX W.C McCUTCHEON<\/p>\n<p>Le prix W.C McCutcheon, cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour<br \/>\nmarquer le 80e anniversaire de<br \/>\nl\u2019ICE, est un prix estim\u00e9 nomm\u00e9<br \/>\nd\u2019apr\u00e8s le premier pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019ICE<br \/>\nen 1938. Ce prix est d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 des<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9voles exceptionnels de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs qui sont<br \/>\ndes b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de longue date du<br \/>\ncomit\u00e9 et ont fait preuve de leadership<br \/>\net d\u2019engagement envers l\u2019Institut. <\/p>\n<p>Ces b\u00e9n\u00e9voles vont continuellement \u00abau-del\u00e0 des attentes\u00bb en<br \/>\npartageant leur temps, leur expertise et leur exp\u00e9rience pour faire<br \/>\nprogresser la profession d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Le laur\u00e9at de cette ann\u00e9e<br \/>\nest Craig Soderquist, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Craig a pass\u00e9 12 ans au conseil d\u2019administration de la FPLIC<br \/>\n(First Professional Liability Insurance Company). Avant cela,<br \/>\nil \u00e9tait \u00e0 la fois vice-pr\u00e9sident national de l\u2019ICE et b\u00e9n\u00e9vole<br \/>\nprovincial de longue date. Il est associ\u00e9 chez Tempus Real Estate<br \/>\nCapital Inc. et Soderquist Appraisals Ltd., et poss\u00e8de plus de<br \/>\n30 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans la prestation d\u2019\u00e9valuations immobili\u00e8res<br \/>\net de services-conseils dans les r\u00e9gions de Red Deer et du centre  <\/p>\n<p>de l\u2019Alberta. Craig est \u00e9galement un membre de longue<br \/>\ndate du milieu des affaires de Red Deer et un b\u00e9n\u00e9vole<br \/>\ncommunautaire d\u00e9vou\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Au cours de son mandat au conseil d\u2019administration de<br \/>\nFPLIC, Craig a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans les efforts visant \u00e0<br \/>\naccro\u00eetre l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement de l\u2019entreprise. Gr\u00e2ce<br \/>\n\u00e0 ces efforts, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 se trouve d\u00e9sormais dans une position<br \/>\nfinanci\u00e8re et op\u00e9rationnelle tr\u00e8s solide &#8211; fournissant ainsi<br \/>\nune base qui lui permet de continuer \u00e0 fournir une couverture<br \/>\nde r\u00e9assurance stable et fiable au programme d\u2019assurance<br \/>\nresponsabilit\u00e9 professionnelle de l\u2019ICE. Sans cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les<br \/>\nmembres de l\u2019ICE seraient soumis aux fluctuations du march\u00e9 de<br \/>\nl\u2019assurance &#8211; et les efforts de l\u2019ICE pour soutenir la diversification<br \/>\nde la profession auraient p\u00fb \u00eatre entrav\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>CITATION DU PR\u00c9SIDENT<\/p>\n<p>La Citation du pr\u00e9sident est l\u2019un<br \/>\ndes prix les plus prestigieux<br \/>\nd\u00e9cern\u00e9s aux b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE). Le<br \/>\nprix est d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion du<br \/>\npr\u00e9sident sortant &#8211; et d\u00e9cern\u00e9 aux<br \/>\nb\u00e9n\u00e9voles de longue date du comit\u00e9<br \/>\nqui ont fait preuve de leadership et<br \/>\nd\u2019engagement. Le laur\u00e9at de cette<br \/>\nann\u00e9e est Peter McLean, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Peter McLean a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs en juin 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Peter s\u2019est joint \u00e0 l\u2019ICE pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1990 et a<br \/>\nobtenu son titre d\u2019AACI en 2001. Son engagement aupr\u00e8s de<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut a commenc\u00e9 lorsque, en tant que membre candidat, il<br \/>\na occup\u00e9 le poste de secr\u00e9taire de la section de Peterborough<br \/>\nLindsay. Peter a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu directeur r\u00e9gional de l\u2019Association<br \/>\nde l\u2019Ontario apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident pendant trois mandats.<br \/>\nAu sein du conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019Ontario Association,<br \/>\nil a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident pendant deux ans.<\/p>\n<p>La gouvernance a \u00e9t\u00e9 importante pour Peter, car il a<br \/>\n\u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 par le lieutenant-gouverneur de l\u2019Ontario \u00e0 la<br \/>\nCommission des services policiers de Peterborough-Lakefield<br \/>\net en a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident pendant deux ans. Apr\u00e8s son mandat<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019Ontario Association, Peter a \u00e9t\u00e9 gouverneur du Fleming<br \/>\nCollege pour un mandat de six ans et a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident du conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration pendant trois ans. Il continue d\u2019\u00eatre impliqu\u00e9<br \/>\navec l\u2019organisme national de l\u2019ICE en tant qu\u2019examinateur du<br \/>\nconseil d\u2019administration et sur divers autres comit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Peter a pratiqu\u00e9 en tant qu\u2019\u00e9valuateur d\u2019honoraires et a<br \/>\nencadr\u00e9 plusieurs membres candidats qui ont obtenu avec<br \/>\nsucc\u00e8s leur d\u00e9signation.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu son dipl\u00f4me de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Windsor,<br \/>\nil a travaill\u00e9 comme pr\u00eateur dans une grande banque avant de <\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 70 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>se joindre \u00e0 l\u2019Appraisal Institute of Canada. McLean, Simon &#038;<br \/>\nAssociates Inc. a des bureaux \u00e0 Peterborough et \u00e0 Ottawa.<\/p>\n<p>FELLOW<\/p>\n<p>Les Fellows de l\u2019Institut canadien<br \/>\ndes \u00e9valuateurs sont des membres<br \/>\nd\u00e9sign\u00e9s qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par<br \/>\nleurs contributions exemplaires \u00e0<br \/>\nla profession. Cela est d\u00e9montr\u00e9<br \/>\npar un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019excellence et<br \/>\ndes r\u00e9alisations qui ont contribu\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00e0 l\u2019avancement de la profession.<br \/>\nLe r\u00e9cipiendaire de 2020 est<br \/>\nThomas Fox, AACI, P. App.<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Fox a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Institut canadien des<br \/>\n\u00e9valuateurs en juin 2019. <\/p>\n<p>Thomas a fait ses d\u00e9buts dans l\u2019entreprise familiale en 1996,<br \/>\ntravaillant pour son p\u00e8re Terry avant d\u2019assumer la direction de <\/p>\n<p>l\u2019entreprise lorsque Terry a pris une semi-retraite en 2007.<br \/>\nEn 2017, Thomas est \u00e9galement devenu directeur associ\u00e9<br \/>\nde Verra Group Valuations. Comptant maintenant plus de<br \/>\n20 ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9valuation, Thomas<br \/>\ncontinue d\u2019exploiter son cabinet, Fox Appraisals \u00e0 Regina,<br \/>\nen Saskatchewan, o\u00f9 il se sp\u00e9cialise dans les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<br \/>\nr\u00e9sidentielles, multifamiliales, commerciales et industrielles.<\/p>\n<p>Thomas a obtenu sa d\u00e9signation AACI en 2006 et poss\u00e8de une<br \/>\nriche exp\u00e9rience de b\u00e9n\u00e9volat dans sa profession et \u00e0 l\u2019Institut.<br \/>\nEn juin 2015, Thomas a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu vice-pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Institut<br \/>\ncanadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE). En plus de si\u00e9ger au Conseil<br \/>\nd\u2019administration de l\u2019ICE, Thomas a si\u00e9g\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9volement au<br \/>\nComit\u00e9 d\u2019examen du produit du travail, a copr\u00e9sid\u00e9 le Comit\u00e9 de<br \/>\nla pratique professionnelle de l\u2019ICE et a pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 le Comit\u00e9 de la<br \/>\nv\u00e9rification et des finances. Au niveau provincial, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident<br \/>\nprovincial pendant deux mandats. Il a \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 le<br \/>\nComit\u00e9 de perfectionnement professionnel de la Saskatchewan<br \/>\nainsi que leur Comit\u00e9 de marketing. <\/p>\n<p>Order your copies of the always popular<\/p>\n<p>2021 AIC calendars<\/p>\n<p>Featuring amazing landscape images taken by appraisers from across Canada,<br \/>\nour visually striking 2021 AIC calendars will soon be available for purchase.<br \/>\nAn ideal gift for your friends and associates, they are also an eye-catching<br \/>\npromotional piece for your valuable clients.<\/p>\n<p>To order yours today for $2\/copy (plus tax and shipping), please send an<br \/>\nemail to info@aicanada.ca. Quantities are limited, so act now.<\/p>\n<p>Commandez vos copies des tr\u00e8s populaires<\/p>\n<p>Calendriers 2021 DE L\u2019ICE<br \/>\nMettant en vedette des photos de magnifiques paysages prises par les \u00e9valuateurs de tous les coins du pays,<br \/>\nnos calendriers visuellement frappants de 2021 seront bient\u00f4t disponibles \u00e0 des fins d\u2019achat. Un cadeau id\u00e9al<br \/>\npour vos amis et associ\u00e9s, ils sont \u00e9galement un outil promotionnel tr\u00e8s attrayant pour vos pr\u00e9cieux clients.<\/p>\n<p>Pour commander les v\u00f4tres aujourd\u2019hui au co\u00fbt de 2 $ l\u2019unit\u00e9 (taxes et livraison en sus), veuillez adresser un<br \/>\ncourriel \u00e0 info@aicanada.ca. Les quantit\u00e9s sont limit\u00e9es donc commandez d\u00e8s maintenant.<\/p>\n<p>CALENDARCALENDRIER<\/p>\n<p>202020202020<\/p>\n<p>AIC_Calendar_2020.indd   1<\/p>\n<p>2019-10-18   11:09 AM<\/p>\n<p>Order<br \/>\nyour copies<\/p>\n<p>Commandez<br \/>\nvos copies<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 71Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:info@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:info@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>I n our continuing effort to improve member services and minimize administrative costs, the AIC is encouraging Members to complete the membership renewal process online.To begin, please visit the Membership Dues page on AIC\u2019s<br \/>\nwebsite. You will have three options to renew your membership dues:<\/p>\n<p>1. Online Credit Card Payment \u2013 View your invoice<br \/>\nonline and pay your dues by credit card using AIC\u2019s<br \/>\nsecure payment system. An email confirmation will be<br \/>\nautomatically generated and issued to you immediately.<br \/>\nAll members who make their payment online are<br \/>\nautomatically entered into a draw for several great prizes.<\/p>\n<p>2. Credit Card Payment by Mail, Courier or Fax \u2013 View your<br \/>\ninvoice online and pay your dues by completing the credit<br \/>\ncard information on the invoice and sending it to AIC by<br \/>\nmail, courier or fax.<\/p>\n<p>3. Cheque Payment by Mail or Courier \u2013 View your invoice<br \/>\nonline and pay your dues by sending a cheque to AIC by<br \/>\nmail or courier.<\/p>\n<p>Once your payment is processed, your Official Receipt will<br \/>\nbe available online within two business days.<\/p>\n<p>Membership dues for the 2020\/2021 year are payable<br \/>\nby no later than September 30, 2020. Members who have<br \/>\nnot paid by this date will be suspended from membership<br \/>\nand will be assessed an Administrative Fee of $125<br \/>\n($20 for Retired members).<\/p>\n<p>AIC membership cards<\/p>\n<p>Members now have a choice to receive a new membership<br \/>\ncard showing an expiry date of September 30, 2021. This will<br \/>\nreplace the annual renewal sticker. Furthermore, members<br \/>\nwill also receive a new electronic AIC membership renewal<br \/>\nlogo for inclusion on their websites, business cards and<br \/>\nother promotional material.<\/p>\n<p>If you encounter any difficulties, please email us at<br \/>\ndues@aicanada.ca or call at 1-888-551-5521 and we will<br \/>\nbe pleased to assist you.<\/p>\n<p>Online<br \/>\nmembership  <\/p>\n<p>renewal<\/p>\n<p>Online<br \/>\nmembership  <\/p>\n<p>renewal<\/p>\n<p>Renouvellement<br \/>\nd\u2019adh\u00e9sion<br \/>\nen ligne<\/p>\n<p>Renouvellement<br \/>\nd\u2019adh\u00e9sion<br \/>\nen ligne<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 72 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:dues@aicanada.ca<\/p>\n<p>NEWS\/NOUVELLES<\/p>\n<p>D ans notre volont\u00e9 soutenue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les services aux membres et garder les frais d\u2019administration au minimum, l\u2019ICE invite ses membres \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter le processus de renouvellement d\u2019adh\u00e9sion en ligne.<br \/>\nPour d\u00e9buter, veuillez vous rendre sur la page Cotisations des <\/p>\n<p>membres dans le site Web de l\u2019ICE. Vous pouvez payer vos cotisations<br \/>\nde membre de l\u2019une des trois fa\u00e7ons suivantes :<\/p>\n<p>1. Paiement par carte de cr\u00e9dit en ligne \u2013 Voyez votre facture<br \/>\nen ligne et payez vos cotisations par carte de cr\u00e9dit avec le<br \/>\nsyst\u00e8me de paiement s\u00e9curis\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE. Une confirmation par<br \/>\ncourriel sera automatiquement g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e et vous sera envoy\u00e9e<br \/>\nimm\u00e9diatement. Tous les membres qui font leur paiement en<br \/>\nligne sont automatiquement inscrits au tirage de plusieurs<br \/>\nmagnifiques prix.<\/p>\n<p>2. Paiement par carte de cr\u00e9dit envoy\u00e9 par la poste, par<br \/>\nmessagerie ou par t\u00e9l\u00e9copieur \u2013 Voyez votre facture en ligne<br \/>\net payez vos cotisations en fournissant les renseignements<br \/>\nde la carte de cr\u00e9dit sur la facture et envoyez-la \u00e0 l\u2019ICE par la<br \/>\nposte, par messagerie ou par t\u00e9l\u00e9copieur.<\/p>\n<p>3. Paiement par ch\u00e8que envoy\u00e9 par la poste ou par<br \/>\nmessagerie \u2013 Voyez votre facture en ligne et payez vos<br \/>\ncotisations en faisant parvenir un ch\u00e8que \u00e0 l\u2019ICE par la<br \/>\nposte ou par messagerie.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le traitement de votre paiement, votre re\u00e7u officiel<br \/>\nsera disponible en ligne dans les deux jours ouvrables.<\/p>\n<p>Les cotisations de membre pour l\u2019exercice 2020\/2021<br \/>\nsont payables au plus tard le 30 septembre 2020. Les<br \/>\nmembres qui n\u2019auront pas pay\u00e9 au 1er octobre verront<br \/>\nleur adh\u00e9sion suspendue et devront payer des frais<br \/>\nadministratifs de 125 $ (20 $ pour les membres retrait\u00e9s).<\/p>\n<p>Cartes de membre de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>Les membres ont maintenant le choix de recevoir une<br \/>\nnouvelle carte de membre montrant une date d\u2019expiration<br \/>\ndu 30 septembre 2021. Elle remplacera l\u2019autocollant<br \/>\nde renouvellement annuel. En outre, les membres<br \/>\nrecevront un nouveau logo de renouvellement d\u2019adh\u00e9sion<br \/>\n\u00e9lectronique de l\u2019ICE, qu\u2019ils pourront afficher dans leur<br \/>\nsite Web, sur leur carte d\u2019affaires et dans leur autre<br \/>\nmat\u00e9riel publicitaire.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous avez quelque difficult\u00e9 que ce soit, veuillez nous<br \/>\nenvoyer un courriel, \u00e0 dues@aicanada.ca, ou t\u00e9l\u00e9phonez au<br \/>\n1-888-551-5521 et nous serons heureux de vous apporter<br \/>\nl\u2019aide n\u00e9cessaire. <\/p>\n<p>The approach of Verity Claims Management<br \/>\nto every claim will be to provide \u201cFundamental<br \/>\nTrue Value.\u201d Our claims handling services are <\/p>\n<p>grounded in the following principles:<br \/>\n\u2022 Client-focused service<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Collaboration with other service providers<br \/>\n\u2022 Careful and thorough analysis and investigation<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Prompt and clear reporting to clients<\/p>\n<p>1860 Appleby Line-Suite 420,  Burlington, ON  L7L 7H7<br \/>\nKatjaK@verityclaims.ca | 647-884-5065<\/p>\n<p>9776478 Canada Inc.<\/p>\n<p>A properly handled claim can make<br \/>\na large difference in the outcome of the claim<\/p>\n<p>The following AIC Members have passed away. On behalf of<br \/>\neveryone connected with the Institute and the profession,<br \/>\nwe extend our sincerest sympathies to their families,<br \/>\nfriends and associates. <\/p>\n<p>Les membres suivants de l&rsquo;ICE sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Au nom<br \/>\nde tous ceux qui oeuvrent de pr\u00e8s ou de loin au sein de<br \/>\nl\u2019Institut et de la profession, nous exprimons nos plus<br \/>\nsinc\u00e8res condol\u00e9ances \u00e0 leurs familles, amis et associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>In Memoriam \/<br \/>\nEn memoire<\/p>\n<p>Michael DeMerchant, AACI, P.App<\/p>\n<p>Saint John, NB<\/p>\n<p>Karl Young, Candidate<\/p>\n<p>Mississauga, ON<\/p>\n<p>Volume 64 | Book 3 \/ Tome 3 | 2020 73Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>mailto:dues@aicanada.ca<br \/>\nmailto:KatjaK@verityclaims.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/verityclaims.ca<\/p>\n<p>Canadian Property Valuation  |  \u00c9valuation Immobili\u00e8re au Canada 74 Return to CONTENTS<\/p>\n<p>DESIGNATIONS CANDIDATES STUDENTS \/ D\u00c9SIGNATIONS STAGIAIRES \u00c9TUDIANTS<\/p>\n<p>The Appraisal Institute of Canada (AIC), <\/p>\n<p>together with the provincial associations <\/p>\n<p>and the provincial bodies affiliated with <\/p>\n<p>the AIC, commend the following Members <\/p>\n<p>who completed the rigorous requirements <\/p>\n<p>for accreditation as a Designated Member <\/p>\n<p>of the AIC during the period May 2 to <\/p>\n<p>August 10, 2020:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Institut canadien des \u00e9valuateurs (ICE),<br \/>\nen collaboration avec les associations<br \/>\nprovinciales et les organismes provinciaux<br \/>\naffili\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ICE, f\u00e9licitent les membres<br \/>\nsuivants qui ont compl\u00e9t\u00e9 le programme<br \/>\nrigoureux d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation \u00e0 titre de<br \/>\nmembre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 de l\u2019ICE durant la<br \/>\np\u00e9riode du 2 mai, 2020 au 10 ao\u00fbt 2020 :<\/p>\n<p>AIC designations granted \/ D\u00e9signations obtenues de l\u2019ICE<\/p>\n<p>AIC welcomed the following new Candidate members during the  <\/p>\n<p>period May 2 to August 10, 2020:<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ICE souhaite la bienvenue aux personnes suivantes qui ont joint les rangs<br \/>\ndes membres stagiaires durant la p\u00e9riode du 2 mai, 2020 au 10 ao\u00fbt 2020 :<\/p>\n<p>AACI, P.App<br \/>\nAccredited Appraiser Canadian Institute<\/p>\n<p>Candidates \/ Stagiaires<\/p>\n<p>CRA, P.App<br \/>\nCanadian Residential Appraiser<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nMark Oliver Cunningham<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nSukhjinder Singh Dhaliwal<br \/>\nPeter Figures<br \/>\nKelly Christopher Sayers<br \/>\nBryce J. Witherspoon<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nJennifer Anderson<br \/>\nKamal Hideib<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nGeorge Selimos<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nRyan Charles Huston<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick<br \/>\nRobert Bryan Arseneau<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nAmie Katherine Ayson<br \/>\nChris Jin<br \/>\nLiam McEachen<br \/>\nBhavin Patel<br \/>\nDeborah Sacerty<br \/>\nCody Scott<br \/>\nRobin Susilo<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia \/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nJames Stephens<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nJonathan Gawrys<br \/>\nMike Parr<br \/>\nJeffrey Sattin<br \/>\nCharlie Shi<br \/>\nDenny Dan Simon<\/p>\n<p>Quebec \/ Qu\u00e9bec<br \/>\nBianca Sabelli<\/p>\n<p>Prince Edward Island<br \/>\nDave Harbord<\/p>\n<p>Saskatchewan<br \/>\nKevin Fast<\/p>\n<p>Alberta<br \/>\nCarlee Bruun<br \/>\nMugo Kimari<br \/>\nSteven Ray Vasey<\/p>\n<p>British Columbia \/<br \/>\nColombie-Britannique<br \/>\nAlejandra Almeida Villa<br \/>\nRyan Biln<br \/>\nKevin James Furlong<br \/>\nRoss Martynenko<br \/>\nJeff Neilson<br \/>\nNohoon Park<br \/>\nNeelam Kaur Poonian<br \/>\nCarina Zhong Sun<\/p>\n<p>Manitoba<br \/>\nCheryl Crawley<br \/>\nMichael Elias<\/p>\n<p>New Brunswick<br \/>\nPat Herrington<\/p>\n<p>Nova Scotia \/<br \/>\nNouvelle-\u00c9cosse<br \/>\nColin Curry<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nNatasha Bumstead<br \/>\nLambert Ryan Enserink<br \/>\nMatt Feng<br \/>\nRebecca Godfrey<br \/>\nMark John Grover<br \/>\nBrian Harskamp<br \/>\nJulian Helou<br \/>\nIvan Ivic<br \/>\nSerguei Kaminski<br \/>\nLiana Aquilla Langley<br \/>\nJacob Lyons<\/p>\n<p>Ontario<br \/>\nDianne Dumalag<br \/>\nHassan, (Alan) Ghahramany<br \/>\nViqar Haseeb<br \/>\nStephanie Osadchuk<br \/>\nSongLiang Peng<br \/>\nMathew Remmelzwaal-Simmons<br \/>\nBrett Robinson<br \/>\nBertan Tanacar<br \/>\nFrancis Voo<\/p>\n<p>Students \/ \u00c9tudiants<\/p>\n<p>This category of membership serves as the first step on the path to <\/p>\n<p>designation for those completing their requirements for Candidate <\/p>\n<p>membership. Students considering the appraisal profession as a career  <\/p>\n<p>option are also welcomed to this category of membership.<\/p>\n<p>Cette cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion constitue la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape sur la voie de<br \/>\nla d\u00e9signation pour ceux qui s\u2019affairent \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les exigences de<br \/>\nla cat\u00e9gorie de membres stagiaire. Les \u00e9tudiants qui contemplent une<br \/>\ncarri\u00e8re comme \u00e9valuateur professionnel sont acceuillis dans cette<br \/>\ncat\u00e9gorie de membres.<\/p>\n<p>Neil Macdonald<br \/>\nMegan McLean<br \/>\nKieran Murphy<br \/>\nAndrew Oskroba<br \/>\nTaylor Parker<br \/>\nVishnubhai Patel<br \/>\nThomas Petru<br \/>\nMichael Phillips<br \/>\nMaxine Pike<br \/>\nMelanie Pilon<br \/>\nJessica Pollard<br \/>\nTristan Quizeo<br \/>\nJavad Sajjadi<br \/>\nGrayham Santin<br \/>\nJames Henry John Sibbald<br \/>\nDavis Taylor<br \/>\nXu Xu<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s successful real estate professional is committed to lifelong<br \/>\nlearning. UBC\u2019s\u00a0Continuing Professional Development Courses<br \/>\nmeet your needs.  <\/p>\n<p>\u2022  Convenient online course format<br \/>\n\u2022  Broad range of valuation and real estate business topics<br \/>\n\u2022  Guaranteed Appraisal Institute of Canada\u2019s Continuing<br \/>\n    Professional Development credits<\/p>\n<p>Recently updated courses:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0f0 CPD 101, Business Enterprise Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 103, Agricultural Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 104, Hotel Valuation<br \/>\n\uf0f0 CPD 108, Seniors Housing<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, visit:<br \/>\nrealestate.ubc.ca\/CPD<br \/>\ntel:  604.822.2227 \/ 1.877.775.7733    <\/p>\n<p>email: cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Creative<br \/>\nAdaptable<br \/>\nAnalytical <\/p>\n<p>Canadian_App_Valuation.indd   1 2\/20\/2020   1:34:59 PM<\/p>\n<p>mailto:cpd@realestate.sauder.ubc.ca<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/sauder.ubc.ca<\/p>\n<p>Join CBRE\u2019s Valuation and Advisory Services Team<\/p>\n<p>At CBRE, you have the ability to take charge of your career and enjoy an inclusive, collaborative<br \/>\nenvironment. Work on an industry-leading team that provides unmatched client services<br \/>\nby leveraging best in class research, technology and industry expertise.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morassutti, AACI, MRICS<br \/>\nExecutive Vice President<br \/>\npaul.morassutti@cbre.com<br \/>\n+1 416 495 6235<\/p>\n<p>www.cbre.ca\/vas<\/p>\n<p>Make your own path with a team<br \/>\nthat believes in you<\/p>\n<p>mailto:http:\/\/cbre.ca\/vas<br \/>\nmailto:paul.morassutti@cbre.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":79894,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":""},"class_list":["post-79913","issue","type-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/79913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issue"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aicanada.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}